How to properly grow greens in a winter greenhouse?

Growing greenery in a greenhouse as a business is an economical, profitable and profitable endeavor. The initial investment in it is low, but the profit from the sale of the product is rather big, especially in the cold season. To organize your own plant for growing greenery, you should draw up a business plan, calculate costs, decide on a sales market and cultivated varieties.

Growing greenery in a greenhouse is a profitable business

Algorithm for starting a business

Before you start growing greens on an industrial scale, you should decide on the options for selling products. Key sales options:

• self-sale of the crop at retail - takes a lot of time, and the financial return is small, but does not require official registration with government agencies;

  Greens for sale

• delivery of greenery to resellers - eliminates problems with a wholesale organization, and the disadvantages of this option are the low cost at which the products will be purchased;

  Greens in the package

• independent sale of grown greens to shops, catering outlets, supermarkets - the main advantage of such cooperation is that all considerable profits will remain for the entrepreneur, but to implement this option, you should visit the Tax Inspectorate and register as an agricultural producer (OKVED - A.01.12.2. ).

  Selling greens in supermarkets

The second stage is the official registration of entrepreneurship. This procedure takes up to a month, after which you can legally grow greenery. In the Tax Office, you should register as an individual entrepreneur and choose a simplified tax assessment system - Unified Agricultural Tax (deductions are calculated depending on the profit received and amount to 6% of it).

Then they install greenhouses, equipment, fertilizers, plant seeds and start growing greenery.

Growing greens - income all year round

Variants and features of growing greens

If a beginner entrepreneur has a piece of land, then growing greenery all year round will not be a problem. But, the most profitable enterprise will be if the site is located in the south of the country, otherwise the costs of lighting, heating and other means necessary for growing greenery will exceed what can be gained by selling the crop.

There are several ways to grow greens yourself:

• sowing seeds is the classic, most inexpensive option;

  You can grow greens from seeds

• extended cultivation - if the greens grow in the beds, they are dug out of the ground before the onset of cold weather and transferred to the room;

  Greens in the seedling box

• from seedlings - the minus of the method is that you have to grow it yourself or buy it, which will be more expensive than purchasing seeds;

  Seedling parsley

• forcing is the most convenient method as the seed is ready to grow.

  Forcing green onions

Choosing a variety of grown greens

Before you start growing greens, you should study the needs of the market and decide on varieties.

Dill:

• unpretentious;
• seeds germinate in a couple of weeks;
• the harvest can be realized in 45-50 days;
• the optimum temperature for crop growth is only 17 degrees;
• not susceptible to pests and diseases;
• cons of dill - requires additional lighting in cold weather and has a short shelf life.

Growing dill in a greenhouse

Kinza:

• for growing crops, it is preferable to use black soil and the soil must be regularly moistened;
• easily tolerates a cold snap;
• it is necessary to feed the plants after each cut;
• the crop is harvested within a month after sowing;
• the optimal temperature for growth is 20 degrees;
• for good plant growth, they are planted in volumetric containers and provided with constant illumination.

How to grow cilantro in a greenhouse

Parsley:

• in cloudy weather and in winter, it needs illumination with phytolamps, which are turned on daily for 4 hours;
• the harvest grows in a month;
• if the culture was planted with seeds, then the crop will be more than a year old;
• needs abundant and regular watering, fertilizing with fertilizers;
• grows well at 20 degrees Celsius.

Growing parsley in a greenhouse

Celery:

• more demanding to grow than dill or onions;
• resistant to coolness;
• of the minuses - seeds germinate for a very long time.

Growing celery in a greenhouse

Onion:

• unpretentious;
• gives up to 4-5 harvests per year;
• spicy onions ripen quickly, but the feathers have a small mass;
• sweet varieties of crops ripen longer, but their weight is greater;
• planting of plants takes place in February, in boxes, and in March they are transplanted into a greenhouse;
• after planting the first batch, you can immediately start growing the second.

Growing onions in a greenhouse

Watercress:

• unpretentious;
• harvesting is possible after 12 days;
• grows in shaded areas;
• after cutting, the plants must be fed.

Watercress

Leaf salad:

• more picky than watercress;
• need regular abundant watering;
• does not tolerate heat.

Growing lettuce

Growing salads is the most cost-effective activity, with plants having a maximum vegetation period of 25 days. In terms of demand among buyers, the undoubted leader is the onion-feather, and the second and third places are occupied by dill and parsley.

Soil selection

The following types of soil are suitable for growing greenery.

1. Gravel. It is inexpensive, practical and has excellent air permeability, but is quite heavy and does not retain moisture at all.
2. Earth... Available, but requires the introduction of sand, peat and other fertilizers before planting seeds.
3. Hydroponics... This method is based on growing plants in a special system, which is a tray of water. It is designed in such a way that only the roots of the greenery touch the water, and food flows to the roots through the tubes. The hydroponic method completely eliminates the use of soil and stimulates the development of green leaves, not roots. The main disadvantage of this technique is the cost of the apparatus.

   Hydroponic plant

4. Expanded clay... Used in conjunction with hydroponics. This primer is lightweight, inexpensive, and retains liquid.
5. Sawdust... The material is poured over with boiling water and placed in containers. The advantages of the soil - the plants do not rot and there is no unpleasant smell from them.
6. Coconut fiber. Environmentally friendly, versatile and durable, but expensive.

   Coconut fiber

7. Hydrogel... The newest soil material in the form of granules that swell with water and retain moisture for a long time. It is breathable, does not harm plants, but is expensive.

Selection of greenhouses and equipment

Greenhouses are:

• covered with plastic wrap;

  Film greenhouse

• made of wood and glass;

  Country greenhouse made of wood and glass

• made of polycarbonate.

  Polycarbonate greenhouses

The best option for growing greenery at any time of the year are polycarbonate greenhouses - they perfectly retain heat, let in sunlight, and heating them is not difficult. It should be noted that for the uninterrupted cultivation of crops, at least 3 greenhouses will be required:

• in 1 - seeds are sown;
• in 2 - seedlings rise;
• at 3 - harvesting.

Polycarbonate greenhouse for year-round use with heating, lighting and ventilation

Basic equipment

To grow greens, you need to purchase a certain set of equipment that provides comfort, convenience and the right level of temperature and lighting.

1. Heaters or conducted heating is necessary to maintain the temperature level regardless of weather conditions outside the greenhouse. In a moderately cold winter, a pair of heaters will be enough to maintain a 20-degree temperature for one greenhouse.

   Infrared heating for greenhouses

   Greenhouse solar heating

   Oven in the greenhouse

   How to make biological heating correctly

2. Lighting devices, lamps - ideally, fluorescent light bulbs or phytolamps are installed, giving the level of illumination the plants need. Each greens crate requires 1 lamp. Reflectors are additionally installed.

   Greenhouse lighting

3. Hydroponics system. Growing greenery on an industrial scale without this system is fraught with difficulties and difficulties - from decay of the root system to the defeat of the culture with diseases.
4. Shelves - containers with herbs will be installed on them.

   Racks in the greenhouse

5. Thermometer - required for monitoring the air temperature in the greenhouse.
6. Foil - experienced gardeners recommend using it to wrap pots with plants to avoid overheating the soil.
7. Irrigation system (ordinary watering cans can be used).

   Drip irrigation system

   Fogging systems

8. Containers - pallets for plants, for water sedimentation, boxes, bottles and others.

Harvesting and transportation

The disadvantage of greenhouse greenery is that it requires a careful attitude towards itself - the slightest wrong movement and the culture will be damaged, lose its presentation and will not be stored. For this reason, harvesting begins with a preliminary abundant watering of the plants 5.5-6 hours before they need to be pulled out of the ground.

After this time, each plant is carefully poured in with a spatula at the roots. If the harvest of feather onions is harvested, then the feathers are collected together with the heads - the plant is kept at the base of the growth of feathers and is slowly pulled out of the ground. After removing the greenery from the ground, it is necessary to rinse the roots from excess soil, pack and transport to customers.

Greens grown in winter - photo

It is recommended to store and transport greens in waterproof containers, while the bundles should be leaves up and tightly adjacent to each other. To keep the plants fresh longer, water and special additives are added to the containers. A simple and inexpensive mixture has proven itself well - you need to dissolve an aspirin tablet in a liter of water.

Profit calculation

The business of growing greenery in a greenhouse becomes as profitable as possible in winter - at this time the price of products reaches its maximum. With a price of 200 rubles per kilogram of greenery and a yield of 1.5 kilos per square meter, and the harvest ripens within a month, about a ton of products can be obtained from a greenhouse of 6 acres. Accordingly, the profit will be about 200,000 rubles.

Profitable business

Of the money received, about half will go to pay taxes, wages, transportation costs, purchase of materials, seeds and fertilizing. As a result, the net profit for the month will be about 100,000 - 120,000 rubles. And the total costs of organizing and starting a business will amount to a maximum of half a million rubles, this includes:

• purchase and installation of greenhouses;
• heating or installation of heaters;
• lighting installation;
• purchase of soil and fertilizers;
• purchase of seeds and containers for planting and care;
• business documentation and other costs.

At first, the profit should be spent on expanding production in order to be able to grow greenery on a larger scale. The demand for high-quality and fresh greens is only growing, so investing your money in this business is the right decision.

Video - Growing greens in a greenhouse in winter: secrets for beginners

In a small dacha or a large local area there is always a place for a greenhouse, which can be used almost all year round, including the greenhouse off-season, to grow fresh herbs for the dining table.

In winter, in heated greenhouses in cold regions and unheated in the south, you can grow dill, parsley, salads, celery, and onions. Greens and onions, as a rule, belong to early ripening vegetable crops with a short growing season, which allows you to harvest several crops during the autumn-winter season and constantly have greens on the table.

Greenhouse grown in winter

Preparing for growing greenery in a greenhouse

You can grow greens in the autumn-winter period in 2 ways:

• using the main area. But this is not always desirable. Especially if the soil has already been prepared for the main greenhouse crops;
• on the additional area created by the racks for placing boxes and other containers for greenery. This is the easiest and cheapest option, which is a win-win for beginners.

Preparation for growing greenery in greenhouses:

• Knock down the racks (or 1 rack),
• Purchase boxes and other containers,
• Prepare the soil mixture and fill the container, sign for which crop,
• Enter in the garden diary a list and agrotechnical requirements for the culture,
• Purchase the required seeds.

That is, perhaps, all the preparatory work. With the acquisition of practical experience, you can introduce other crops, except for dill, parsley, onions on a feather. The result will be a rack culture rotation, and even compacted. Try it and you will definitely succeed.

Features of growing vegetable greens in winter

For winter cultivation, crops are usually selected that are unpretentious to care, do not require special temperature and light conditions. A short growing season allows you to take several harvests during the winter season.

An important role in winter cultivation is given to the location of the crop. So, dill tolerates shading and therefore it can be placed in a greenhouse in low-light places, the salad is so unpretentious that it grows in any conditions, and parsley requires lighting and a certain thermal regime.

Growing onions on a feather

Onions on a feather are the most popular crops in winter. The specific taste perfectly complements any dish, but also helps to strengthen the immune system, contains a huge list of vitamins necessary for the body.

For cultivation in a greenhouse, the following varieties can be recommended: Bessonovsky, Karatalsky, Arzamas, Strigunovsky, Rostov onions (early maturing). For forcing, bows are used that do not have a dormant period and after harvesting, are ready for the formation of new crops (multi-tiered, slug), as well as species with a very short rest period - chives and batun onions.

Preparatory work

So, from boxes and other containers on the shelves, a prefabricated plot has been prepared, convenient in that it is always possible to transfer crops and place them next to the desired neighbor. Under the onion, prepare a simple soil mixture of garden soil and peat or other loosening material. We spread the film to the bottom, pierce several holes (in case of waterlogging) and fill 2/3 with the prepared substrate.

Sprinkle and mix nitrogen fertilizer with the top layer of the soil substrate. Since onions for feathers and harvesting are scheduled in a short time (modified forcing method), the dose of mineral fertilizers should not exceed 10 g / sq. m of the total area of ​​boxes. If the soil is depleted in nutrients, we fertilize the prepared soil with 15-20 g of nitroammofoska per sq. m. Water the soil with a warm solution of trichodermine or planriz from fungal diseases and leave the soil to ripen.

Preparing and planting bulbs

• The bulbs left for winter forcing are calibrated by size. It is advisable to occupy a separate box with one-size planting material. The most acceptable turnip is 3-5 cm in diameter.
• We cut off the neck of the bulb with a pruner, even if it is germinated. Reception helps to interrupt the dormant period in this culture.
• Pour the prepared onion into separate bags or knots made of gauze or other thinned material and lower it for 10-15 minutes in water heated to +40 .. + 45 ° С. You can immediately use a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate.
• We immediately plant the processed bulbs in a prepared container and place them on the shelves or racks of the greenhouse.
• We plant the turnip at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from each other. The distance between the rows of bulbs is at least 2-3 cm. The heads are buried 1/3 into the ground.

Covering material as additional protection against frost in the greenhouse

Greenhouse onion care

Onion care includes watering, feeding, regulation of temperature and light conditions.

Watering

During forcing, the onion is watered 2 times. After planting, a plentiful rate until wet. The second - after 1.5-2.0 weeks, with a fine-mesh watering can with warm water at room temperature. The watering rate correlates with the soil condition (the more drying, the higher the watering rate). The week before the mass cutting, the onion is watered for the last time. If the onion is used gradually (if necessary), then the soil is kept moist (not wet).

Top dressing

If the soil is fertile enough, then it is undesirable to feed the culture. On depleted soils, top dressing is carried out 1 time with a solution of nitrophoska (10-15 g / 10 l of water) or ammonium nitrate (15-20 g / 10 l of water) 2 weeks after planting. For feeding, you can use a solution of a mixture of 20 g of water-soluble superphosphate and potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Mix the solutions thoroughly and pour from a fine-mesh watering can. The fertilizer solution must always be washed off the leaf surface with clean water. You can sprinkle the soil with wood ash - a source of micro- and macroelements in an accessible form.

Temperature regime

For closed ground, it is very important to maintain the temperature regime of the air within the range of +10 .. + 15ºС.

If you fence off a separate compartment in the greenhouse and raise the daytime air temperature to +18 .. + 20 ° С, and reduce the night temperature to +12 .. + 15 ° С, you can get a green feather in 25-30 days.

With a strong unwanted growth of greenery, the air temperature is reduced to +10 .. + 12 ° C. At the same time, the growth and yield of bulbous greens is reduced.

Lighting for onions in the greenhouse

Onions grow and develop normally in natural light from the greenhouse, but the leaves are pale green. Additional lighting increases the elasticity of the leaves and the intensity of their color. In case of rack cultivation, to save light energy, only the lower racks with excessive shading can be illuminated. Phytolamps are usually used for lighting in greenhouses.

Greenhouse-grown lettuce under cover material

Harvest

Onion feathers can be cut as needed when they reach 15-20 cm.

Growing dill in a greenhouse

To prolong the production of dill greens, sowing it in the allotted area is carried out in several stages with a gap of 10-12 days or used as a compactor for onions (changing the planting pattern of bulbs) lettuce, Chinese cabbage and other crops.

Dill seed preparation

For accelerated production of greens, dill is sown with sprouted seeds. To do this, 3-4 days before sowing, we wrap the seeds in double gauze. Soak in water at 40-50 ° C. This technique is necessary to remove essential oils from the surface of the seeds, which will accelerate the emergence of seedlings and a more friendly growth of seedlings. During soaking, we change the water once a day, and thoroughly rinse the seeds under running water. At the end of the 3rd day, spread the glued seeds on a dry cloth to dry.

Greenhouse dill varieties

It is most rational to grow early maturing varieties in a greenhouse for distillation for a family.

• Aurora (cutting greenery on the 25th day from germination),
• Gribovsky (cutting greens on the 30th day from germination),
• Distant (cut on day 38 from germination).

They form fragrant juicy greens within a month, which must be removed immediately, since then without interruption the plants move to flowering.

Rack in a greenhouse for winter growing greenery

Preparing the soil for dill

Dill is undemanding to the soil, therefore, as a compactor, it grows normally and develops in the substrate of the main crop. When grown separately, forcing dill is sown in a separate container - a container or box. We mix the soil with peat, humus, biohumus, sand, any other baking powder to increase water and air permeability. In heavy, dense soils, the roots of dill begin to rot, the plant becomes ill with powdery mildew, treatment with drugs is not recommended.

Further soil preparation, as well as for onions. Add to the substrate by 1 sq. m of the area of ​​boxes of 20 g of urea and 15 g of potassium sulfate, can be replaced with wood ash. Mix thoroughly with the soil and water. The soil under the dill should be constantly loose for more oxygen access.

Sowing dill

In the prepared moist soil, after 12-15 cm, we make grooves 2 cm deep. We sow the seeds line by line and sprinkle them with a small layer of soil. Most often, a one-line sowing pattern is used, but you can sow in a belt method in 3-5 lines. In this case, the distance between the grooves in the tape is 8-12 cm, and between the tapes is 15-20 cm.

Moisturizing

For dill, constant soil moisture is optimal (without excessive moisture, since the greens will be watery, they can get sick). Before germination, the soil is moistened daily from a sprayer. With the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are watered every 5-7 days with a moderate rate of water when the top layer of the soil dries up.

Top dressing

Top dressing is carried out twice before the first cut: nitrofoskoy 15-20 g / sq. m. area of ​​boxes or a solution of fertilizers used when sowing seeds. After a large cut on the greens, the remaining 5-10 cm of "hemp" is fed with an ammonia solution of 10-15 g / 10 l of water. If the cutting is selective (for the family), then no additional dressings are carried out on the greens until the final harvest.

Temperature and light conditions

Dill is a fairly cold-resistant culture, therefore, the air temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 15..18 ° C without drafts. It can be placed closer to the doors. Dill is so unpretentious that it can endure cultivation in shaded areas. When growing in boxes on racks, we additionally illuminate with phytolamps only the lower racks, where the highest shading of plants is observed.

Harvest

For the bushes to be leafy, dill needs a sufficient area for nutrition. Therefore, at a height of 10 cm, we thin out the culture, carefully pulling out the plants by the roots or pinching off at the soil level. Plugged plants can be transplanted or used for food.

Greens in the greenhouse

Growing parsley in a greenhouse

Preparing parsley seeds

Parsley has a very long pre-emergence period, which, depending on the variety and growing conditions, is about 45 days. To shorten the pre-emergence period, it is better to sow parsley with germinated seeds. To do this, before sowing, the seeds are kept for 5 days in a moist two-layer gauze.

Sprouted seeds are transferred to a room with a temperature of + 1 ° C for 10 days. When sowing, such seeds germinate on days 15-17 and form an aboveground mass 3 times faster than with conventional sowing.

Sowing parsley

Divide the prepared substrate into furrows every 10 cm, 2 cm deep. Evenly after 4-5 cm, place the seeds in the furrows and cover them with soil, smoothing them with your hand.

After sowing, we moisten the soil through a sprayer so as not to wash the seeds out of the substrate. The air temperature is maintained within +12 .. + 18 ° С not higher. At + 20 ° C, parsley leaves wither from overheating.

Greenhouse parsley care

If the seedlings are dense, we carry out thinning, leaving the distance between the seedlings at least 5 cm.

We water the parsley when the top layer dries out, since the plants do not tolerate high humidity well.

Until the rows close, we loosen the soil and destroy the weeds. Top dressing cannot be carried out.

For home use, the aboveground mass with a height of 10-12 cm can be cut into greenery.

After the first cut, the remaining "hemp" of parsley is fed with a solution of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers at the rate of 7-10 g / 10 l of warm water. During the cold period in the greenhouse, you can harvest a 5-fold harvest of parsley, supplying the family with fortified greens throughout the winter.

What's next?

For novice gardeners, it will be a good practice and help to grow 2-3 green crops in a greenhouse that do not require complex care. Experienced greenhouses can grow a wider list of early ripening crops with a short growing season in a greenhouse over the winter, using them as the main and sealant: salads (leafy, cabbage, crass salad), radishes of different varieties, rhubarb and other crops.

Greenhouse greens: what are the advantages?

Among the main advantages growing greens indoors:

1. Variety of cultures... In the greenhouse, you can grow onions and garlic for feathers, dill, parsley, lettuce, cilantro, spinach, herbs. These crops have similar requirements for agricultural technology and get along well in common beds.
2. In the greenhouse it is possible to grow very capricious culturescharacterized by increased requirements for temperature and humidity levels.
3. Heated shelters make it possible to harvest all year round, even in winter and autumn, when vitamins are especially needed.
4. Indoor field makes cultivation safe, greenery rarely affected by insects- pests.
5. Greens can be grown in a rack, hydroponic or aeroponic way, which will save space and reduce costs.
6. For plants in the greenhouse easy to care forwhile maintaining the normal level of heat and humidity. Organization of drip irrigation, automatic ventilation and lighting accelerate the growth of greenery and reduce the amount of work required.

Before you think about building a greenhouse for greenery, it is worth considering some disadvantages:

1. A properly equipped structure is not cheap.
2. In cold climates, maintaining a winter greenhouse will cost an impressive amount. Worth considering electricity, plumbing costs, as well as the repair of the structure.
3. An annual soil replacement is required. With year-round operation, the topsoil will have to be replaced every 3-4 months.
4. Indoor ground requires increased number fertilizers.

What can be grown?

Indoor soil allows you to plant any crops, from unpretentious to very moody. Most often in greenhouses and greenhouses grow:

• radish;
• parsley;
• Dill;
• green onions;
• leaf salad.

Radish.
Young radishes are often planted with vegetables; the first harvest can be removed in a month.

During the season, radishes are sown several times, it is important that the roots do not outgrow.

Bright lighting required and frequent

watering

.

Parsley.
In the greenhouse, you can grow different varieties of curly or regular parsley. The plant is very demanding on soil nutrition and moisture levels, badly tolerates even short-term temperature drop... Growth stops in cold, poor soils.

Dill.
In a winter greenhouse, it reproduces well by self-sowing. Suitable for filling row spacings when growing vegetables. The production of these greens in greenhouses will require adequate levels of humidity and lighting, as well as frequent cutting.

Green onions.
For a greenhouse, hybrids that produce lush greenery and do not form bulbs are suitable. You can grow batun, chives, slime and other varieties. The bow is undemanding to light, but very sensitive to feeding. To improve the yield, mineral complexes are recommended to be applied weekly. Growing by hydroponic or aeroponic method is possible.

Leaf salad.
Indoors, it is better to grow fast-growing varieties: watercress, oakleaf, feisberg, frieze, romano. Salad is placed on shelves, for sale you can grow plants in mini pots... The culture loves bright light and good watering, the soil must be very nutritious.

Unheated greenhouse: what and when to plant?

Greenhousesnot provided with a heating system, allow you to increase the growing season vegetables. In winter, it is better to disassemble the structure so as not to damage the fragile coating. Unheated greenhouses are usually covered with plastic wrap, but glass or polycarbonate structures can also be found.

For planting in a greenhouse without heating any kind of greenery will do, calmly tolerating a slight decrease in temperature.

When to sow greenery in a greenhouse? Landing greenery in the greenhouse you can start in springsowing early radish, lettuce. Early greens in an unheated greenhouse feel great.

Planting dates for parsley, celery and dill a little later. It is better to sow spinach in early autumn, the crop can be cut in a month... The season in an unheated greenhouse closes in late October or early November, it all depends on the climatic zone.

What should be a winter greenhouse?

Perfect year-round the greenhouse must be reliably insulated... It is built on a solid foundation, deepening by 0.5-1 m is possible. Shelters with a capital wall made of timber or cinder blocks are widespread.

Usually they

the north wall is laid out protecting plants from the cold winter wind. Convenient and

wall structures

adjacent to a residential building or other building.

For winter pitched greenhouses are preferredthat do not trap snow on the roof. The frame is made of metal with an anti-corrosion coating, the greenhouse is covered with sheets of cellular polycarbonate. Growing greenery in a polycarbonate greenhouse is more efficient all year round, because constructions, covered with film and glass keep warmth worse.

The structure is equipped with a drip irrigation system and lighting. For lighting, it is more convenient to use industrial fluorescent lamps.

A greenhouse for growing greenery all year round, should be equipped with vents for ventilation. The entrance area is equipped with double doors or a vestibule that prevents the penetration of cold air. If the greenhouse will be grown only greens, maintaining consistently high temperatures is not required.

Most cultures are normal develops at temperatures from 14 ° C to 16 ° C... Moderate humidity and good lighting are much more important. Cheap bio-fuel can be used for heating.

A mixture of horse, cow or pig manure, mixed with straw and well rotted, is laid out in the beds under the nutritious soil. Such the backing ensures the optimum temperature within 3-4 months, it also additionally nourishes plants. You can maintain the temperature regime with the help of stoves or fires, industrial greenhouses are equipped with water fires.

Features of year-round cultivation

How to grow greens in a greenhouse all year round? For successful cultivation, it is important to correctly form the soil. Majority types of greenery prefers light substrate from a mixture of garden or turf soil with humus, peat, a small portion of sand.

The technology of growing greens in a greenhouse all year round is as follows: the mixture is carefully loosened and distributed over the beds in a layer of 10-15 cm. the layer is renewed every 3-4 months... It is convenient to combine the change of soil with the harvesting of the next crop. In an unheated seasonal greenhouse, the soil is changed annually.

Plants indoor require frequent feeding... During planting, wood ash, superphosphate, potassium sulfate can be added to the soil mixture.

Every 2-3 weeks of planting fed with liquid complex fertilizer or organic matter (diluted mullein, bird droppings). Excess fertilizer is discouraged.

To facilitate the work of the greenhouse worth equipping with a drip irrigation system... Greens are not too demanding on the water temperature, so the system can be embedded directly into the water supply pipe, without a storage device.

If the drip technique is not possible, it is recommended to use a hose with a fine diffuser. Water the plantings once every 4-6 days., with full wetting of the fertile soil layer.

Green crops are more often grown in a seedless way. Seeds are sown in rows, the first greens can be harvested when thinning. It is not suitable for sale. Ideal commercial qualities of the plant are gaining by the end of the growing season.

Grow green crops more convenient in a rack way... Racks with pallets are installed along the walls, which are filled with nutritious soil. For optimal plant development, the lighting is mounted above each tier of the rack. When there is a lack of lighting, the plants stretch outbecome pale and frail.

Some types of greenery can be grown hydroponically... In this case, containers filled with a nutrient composition, which is regularly updated, are strengthened on the shelves. It is better to grow green onions, garlic, lettuce using this method. Radishes or parsley with the hydroponic method lose their consumer qualities, the taste becomes inexpressive, watery.

Spinach: a healthy guest in the greenhouse

Spinach - tasty and healthy culture. Leaves plants contain iron and a whole complex of vitamins, they can be consumed fresh, used for making soups, salads, side dishes, sauces and other dishes.

You can grow spinach in a winter greenhouse or unheated greenhouse. The culture is cold-tolerant, seedlings appear at a temperature of 2 ° C-3 ° C. The plant can withstand short-term frosts and does not like excessive heat.

How to grow greens in a greenhouse in winter? It is better to propagate spinach in a seedless way, sowing pre-soaked seeds. To a heated greenhouse seeds are planted in early autumn, the next sowing is carried out closer to the middle of winter. In greenhouses, the plant is planted in early spring, when the soil warms up a little. In the summertime, plants thrive in open beds.

Seeds are sown in rows, the distance between the lines is about 45 cm. Sowing can be quite thick, as the greens grow, thin out at least 2 times. The first leaves can be eaten, they are very rich in vitamins.

Grooming and growing spinach in a greenhouse is not difficult. Planting requires weekly watering warm water and frequent loosening. Plants do not like excessive moisture, so it is recommended to often ventilate the greenhouse. A single feeding with a full complex fertilizer is recommended.

When cutting, it is important not to injure the growth point.located in the center of the bush. Fresh leaves are harvested every 2-3 weeks.

After 3 months, the plant stretches out and enters the stage of peduncle formation. It is recommended to dig the bushes, renew the soil. Then new seeds are sown and the cycle repeats.

Growing greenery in a greenhouse suitable for beginner gardeners... It is not only profitable and simple, but also very interesting. Having mastered the agricultural technology of simple crops, you can move on to more original plants: a variety of spicy herbs.

Rosemary, basil, thyme, mint will significantly enrich the diet. Greens can be combined with vegetablessaving valuable greenhouse space.

Greenhouse requirements

How to equip a greenhouse for growing vegetables in winter? When designing a year-round greenhouse, it is important to meet all the conditions for successful plant growth: ensuring the required temperature and humidity, the amount of sunlight, the possibility of airing. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse so that they do not block the benefits of winter vegetables.

Year-round greenhouse must have a solid foundation... To provide the required height for the plants, the structure can be slightly deepened. This little trick will help you save on heating and not lose the natural light you need.

It is best to grow vegetables in a medium-sized greenhouse, up to 20 m long and 2.5-3 m wide... The optimal roof structure is pitched. The north wall can be laid out with cinder blocks or wooden beams, protecting the plants from the winter wind. The greenhouse should have a vestibule and double doors. Comfortable air vents.

Most often, capital greenhouses are made on a welded frame with an anti-corrosion coating. Such a foundation will stand for many years, the greenhouse will be strong and reliable. As a coating, you can use dense polyethylene or tempered industrial glass. But the most expensive and high quality material - cellular polycarbonate. It transmits light well and retains heat even in the most severe frosts.

For heating, pipes on both sides of the greenhouse are suitable. The heat source will be an electric boiler. It is possible to heat the structure with modern wood-burning stoves that save fuel.

Increasing the temperature inside the greenhouse will help and biofuel - rotted manuremixed with straw. The mixture is laid out under the top layer of soil. Biofuel is suitable for growing cucumbers, radishes and other crops that are particularly heat-demanding.

Selection of vegetables

In a winter greenhouse can grow all kinds of crops, from popular tomatoes to cabbage lettuce and herbs. Among the most popular and fruitful vegetables:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• radish;
• head salad;
• eggplant;
• Bell pepper;
• various varieties of cabbage;
• zucchini.

It should be borne in mind that crops have different requirements for humidity and temperature, so they need to be placed in separate greenhouses. For example, tomatoes and bell peppers require moderate moisture (no more than 60%) and frequent ventilation. Such a regime is destructive for cucumbers, which need a humid and hot atmosphere.

In the cold season, the greenhouse effect with high humidity is easier to maintain.

Therefore, many novice gardeners focus on popular and productive crops that need just this mode: cucumbers and radishes.

Choosing varieties, it is worth giving preference to hybridscultivated specifically for indoor use. These plants have a shortened growing season and do not require insect pollination. Most greenhouse varieties have good yields and pest resistance.

Seedling preparation

Some gardeners buy grown seedlings at markets and other farms. But grow your own seedlings from seed much more profitable... In addition, the process can be started at any time to ensure a year-round harvest.

It is better to grow seedlings in a separate greenhouse or in a house. Seed germination conditions are different from those to which adult plants exist. In some cases, a lower temperature or higher humidity is required. In the same greenhouse, you can place seedlings of different crops with similar requirements for agricultural technology.

If there is no opportunity to organize a greenhouse for seedlings, the seeds can be germinated on a separate rack in a common room located as close as possible to the lamps. The seeds can be germinated in peat cups, but this method is not suitable for eggplants and other crops with a weak root system. For year-round cultivation, the conveyor method is recommended.

Seeds are sown every 2 weeks, which makes it possible to get seedlings of different ages. If different crops are planted, after a year it is recommended to alternate them... Eggplant seedlings are planted in the places that were occupied by tomatoes, and cucumbers are replaced with radishes or zucchini.

This technique does not allow the soil to deplete. The first sowing can be started in January. Depending on the growing season of a particular plant, the seedlings will ready for transplant in 3-5 weeks after sowing seeds.

Soil and fertilizers

How to grow vegetables in a greenhouse all year round? Vegetables need light, not too acidic soils. For most crops, a mixture of garden soil, sand and peat is suitable.

Before laying in the greenhouse the soil needs to be calcined or disinfected using an aqueous solution of copper sulfate. Such treatment kills harmful microorganisms and insect larvae.

After processing, ash or a complex of mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil. The mixture is thoroughly loosened and distributed over the ridges. In the greenhouse, you can organize both ground and rack cultivation. The racks are suitable for radishes, head lettuce and other small crops. Some vegetable growers successfully grow tomatoes and zucchini on shelves.

Indoor ground is quickly depleted, so the plants in the greenhouse need to be constantly fertilized. Rotted compost or complex mineral fertilizers are added to the soil. This treatment is repeated every 2 weeks, before feeding the soil must be loosened and weeds removed. During the period of active growth of seedlings, special attention should be paid to nitrogen fertilization, from time to time the plants can nourish with medicinal preparations.

Care features

In winter, you need to maintain an average daily temperature of 18 to 22 degrees. Overheating has a bad effect on tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers, and a cold snap can have a detrimental effect on radishes and cucumbers. On frosty days, greenhouses are not ventilated, when the outside temperature rises, the vents must be opened 1-2 times a day.

Vegetables in the greenhouse watered 2-3 times a weekwhen the soil dries up a little. It is advisable to use water at the same temperature as the air in the greenhouse. Cold water can cause shock and slow plant development.

As the plant grows, it is necessary to tie up the stems. Cucumbers need special supports to be mounted on the roof of the greenhouse. With their help, the stems of plants can be directed in the right direction, which is especially convenient for rack cultivation.

With the onset of fruit formation it is recommended to remove the lower leaves on the stems. Excessive green mass interferes with fruit development. In addition, this technique will improve air exchange and access to sunlight, plants will not be affected by pests and fungi.

In the greenhouse it is important to maintain the atmospherefavorable for plants. The humidity level will help increase watering of heating pipes and floor with water, as well as placing open tanks in the room. For the successful ripening of tomatoes in the greenhouse, you can put tanks with an aqueous solution of mullein. Good increase moisture and hot water barrels, moreover, they additionally heat the room.

With conveyor cultivation, harvesting takes place all year round. In early summer and late autumn, preventive treatment of premises with partial replacement of soil and thorough washing of all surfaces is recommended. After airing and fertilizing, a new stage of planting begins.

Success growing vegetables in a greenhouse in winter, depends on the region... The most profitable option is to use greenhouses in temperate and climates. Regions with short summers and long frosty in winter will require high heating costs.

In such an area, it is more advisable to extend the summer period until the end of October and practice early planting in heated soil. Using correctly selected varieties of vegetable crops, you can achieve a good harvest.

Simple innovations in the design of greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round, in the video below: