How to properly grow beans outdoors?

Beans are among the top ten most useful vegetables, so when choosing crops for growing in your garden, they always have a place. In order for the time and money spent to be rewarded with a generous harvest, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic rules of agricultural technology, planting and care for open field cultivation.

When to plant beans outdoors

The planting of beans is planned for May month. You should focus on weather conditions and the correct temperature regime in the soil, which is indicated by indicators 12-15 degrees (at a depth of 10 cm). According to the popular calendar, this period coincides with the flowering of chestnuts.

Erect varieties need to be planted first, and after a week you can start climbing varieties. They plan to plant a bush type of legumes at the beginning of July... This can be done on the beds from which the harvests of early-maturing vegetables have already been harvested.

Experienced gardeners carry out planting work in several stages: from mid-May to early July with an interval of at least 10 days.

A bush bean variety must be sown in the ground in early July

To speed up the harvest, it is recommended to cover the soil in advance with plastic wrap to warm up. After planting the seeds, cover the garden bed again until the night temperature is at least 12 degrees.

Are beans afraid of frost

Beans are a thermophilic culture, so planting is best done in spring. in the second half of Maywhen the threat of frost has passed. Young shoots are afraid even of cold winds, which is why many gardeners find its place under apple trees or along the fence.

The minimum temperature that bean sprouts can withstand does not exceed the mark -3-4 degrees... If the frosts were short-lived, the beans will survive, but their development will be slowed down and yields will decrease.

Agrotextile or film, which are used for construction, will help to change the situation. temporary shelter.

The most popular varieties for planting

Varietal diversity complicates the choice. If there are difficulties in determining the range, it is recommended to give preference to proven varieties that are adapted to the climate and weather conditions of the region.

The best varieties for the Moscow region, Ukraine and Belarus

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Plant mid-early ripening period, from sowing to harvesting 100 days... The bush is formed at a height of only 25 cm, the fruits have a parchment layer, but very thin. The culture is unpretentious, resistant to a humid environment and drought.

Nomad

Curly variety mid-early ripening. The egg-shaped bob is ocher in color with a pale purple pattern. The fruit is free of parchment and fibers, which makes the structure tender and soft. The plant is tolerant to anthracnose, gray rot.

For the Urals and the middle lane

Oran

She R - early maturing ripening beans 80-90 days, recommended to plant in a country house in central Russia. The height of the bushes is from 35 to 56 cm, the fruits are distinguished by high taste.

Productivity from 1 m2 within 200 grams.

Pink

Pink

Harvesting begins in 65-85 days after seed germination. The climbing bush reaches a height of up to 3 m, so it needs support.

The marbled pink beans are free of parchment and fibers, which gives them a delicate texture. Purple streaks and streaks are visible on the fruit. The application is universal, in any form the beans retain their unique taste.

For Siberia

Winner

Winner

Culture is different high yield and the nutritional qualities of the fruit. The length of the pods is about 30 cm, the beans are large. Cold resistance and strong immunity make it possible to cultivate and grow a plant in Siberia.

Feature: lashes with beautiful fiery red flowers can be used as a decorative hedge.

Oil king

Oil king

Bush type of beans with a ripening period 1.5 months... Delicate and pleasant taste of tubular fruits will not leave indifferent any gourmet. The length of the pod part is about 25 cm. The harvest is universal: dry harvesting, freezing, canning.

Planting rules and agricultural techniques for growing in open ground

Seed preparation

To obtain quick shoots and protect young shoots from diseases, the seeds should be prepared before planting.

Soak first in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about 20 minutes. After the procedure, the beans are washed with clean water and again need to be soaked in wood ash infusion for 2 hours.

At night before sowing, the pea beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for germination at home. And 5 minutes before sowing into the soil, they are dipped into a boric acid solution. This will protect the plant from diseases and pests.

Preparing the soil and choosing a place for sowing

For planting a crop is selected well lit place, but without drafts and strong winds, planting through seedlings is practically not used. The type of soil does not play a big role, but experienced gardeners noted that beans develop worst of all, they can germinate and bear fruit poorly on clay soils. This is due to poor moisture permeability, which causes the seeds and roots to rot.

In general, the preparatory process for the formation of the garden consists in digging the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet... At the same time, fertilizers are introduced: 4 kg of humus or compost are added per 1 m2, 2 tbsp. l. dolomite flour, 1 tbsp. l.ammonium nitrate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.

When preparing the soil, you need to dig it up to the depth of the shovel bayonet

Another option for enriching the soil with nutrients involves the use of ½ compost (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. wood ash per 1 m2.

When determining a place for planting beans, those crops that were grown on it last season are taken into account.

Ideal predecessors are: potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumber, pepper, eggplant.

Planting scheme and depth

Shrub varieties of culture are planted according to the scheme:

• seed placement depth - somewhere 5-6 cm;
• distance between holes in a row - 20-25 cm;
• aisle - 40 cm.

Curly varieties are planted in a slightly different way:

• seed placement depth - 5-6 cm;
• spacing between holes in a row - 25-30 cm;
• aisle - 45-50 cm.

When planting beans, 5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole

5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole. After formation on the seedlings, one leaf at a time, you need to leave only 3 seedlings, remove the rest or carefully transplant.

According to lunar calendar for 2018 planting beans is recommended:

• March - 20-23 days;
• April - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
• May - 7-10, 19-24;
• June - 4-7 numbers.

Leaving after disembarkation

Unpretentious beans do not require much attention to themselves, but they still need the basic rules of agricultural technology.

Germinating bean seeds

Bean seeds begin to sprout later 7-10 days after disembarkation... If the air and soil temperature is below the recommended values, then the first shoots will germinate after 5-7 days.

The germination process can be accelerated if the seed is soaked in growth stimulants at home. Covering the beds with a film also contributes to this.

Young shoots must be spud to give them stability.

Watering rules and conditions

The plant loves water, so you should not break the watering regime. It is especially important to moisturize the soil during the period of pod formation.

The rate of water per bush is determined by eye, the procedures are carried out Once a week, the main thing is not to let the soil dry out. The best irrigation liquid is rainfall. Experienced gardeners use settled water, the temperature of which not lower than 18 degrees.

Beans love water, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out.

What top dressing to use in the garden

The culture is responsive to fertilizers. After preparing the soil for planting, you will need to make at least 3 dressings.

The first procedure is performed 3-4 weeks after germination. It is ideal to use a complex fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Superphosphate is also suitable at the rate of 30-40 grams per 1 m2.

After 3 weeks, you need to feed a second time, this is necessary for the formation of fruits (10-15 grams of potassium salt per 1 m2). The third time the nutrients are administered after 3 weeks.

You should not overdo it with fertilizers, you can provoke the growth of tops and reduce the ovary of pods.

Pests and prevention

Beans are one of the few crops that do not attack pests... Only slugs can appear.

Their invasion can be prevented by timely weeding, since weeds grow and create a favorable habitat for parasites. If slugs are found, you can set several traps, from which you need to periodically remove insects for disposal.

The correct timing of harvesting in the country or in the garden

Harvest time depends on the type of crop

Harvest time depend on varieties and types culture. Asparagus beans should not be overexposed in the beds, as the product loses its value when dried.

If you plan to preserve the legume crop, then you can use any unripe fruits. But for winter preparations, it is better to wait for the pods to dry. The main thing is not to be late, so as not to collect beans from the ground later.

You should not pluck all the pods at the same time on the same day if there are completely dry and greenish ones among them. In the shade of its own tops, some ovaries could develop weaker, it is better to leave them to ripen.

To quickly extract the beans from their "houses" it is not at all necessary to sort each one by hand. The stick will do the job, you can knock out the harvested crop.

To do this, exclusively dried pods are laid out on the bedspread, along which with moderate effort you need to walk with a simple tool. It remains only to remove the dry part of the beans. The selected beans are still being dried and only after sorting are they sent for storage.

The agricultural technology of beans is simple, even a novice gardener can sow and grow it in the Moscow region, in the Ukraine, the Urals or Belarus. By completing all the procedures in a timely manner, preparations for the winter are provided with an incredibly healthy and nutritious product, which also diversifies the menu.

It is believed that planting beans is a simple matter. Indeed, you can just throw the seeds in the garden and forget about them. Stunted lashes with a pair of limp pods will grow. If you want to have delicious fruits from your own garden on the table, pay attention to the plant, provide the kind of care that this species requires. In areas with short summers, find out how long after planting the crop will ripen and see if this variety is right for you.

Features of beans

Many varieties of legumes are hidden under one name. Before purchasing seeds, you need to decide which varieties you need. Much depends on how you are going to use the crop: cooking unripe pods or making bean soups.

For nutritional use, beans are divided into 3 categories.

• Asparagus produces tender pods without a parchment layer. A very tasty variety, but the harvest can only be preserved frozen.
• Peeling. Only seeds are suitable for food, which, when dried, can be stored for many years.
• Semi-sugar. Young pods can be eaten, but later they harden and only seeds become suitable for culinary purposes.

In addition to the quality of the fruit, there are many more ways to classify this culture. One plant may be completely different from another, it is even difficult to assume that they belong to the same species.

Beans are:

• curly;
• bush;
• erect;
• annual;
• perennial;
• vegetable;
• decorative.

Although the plant came from warm countries, it is not very demanding on temperature. Of course, the sprouts will die during frosts, but at a positive temperature, the grains can be germinated in the open field. The main problem when growing in the northern regions is not the cold summer, but the long duration of daylight hours. The native land of the species is Latin America, located near the equator. The duration of daylight and darkness is approximately the same there, about 12 hours. White nights interfere with the development and yield of beans; it will be necessary to include closure with opaque materials in caring for it.

A big plus for the gardener will be the property of plants to pollinate only with their own flowers. Several varieties of beans can be grown on the garden bed, but the pollen of one specimen will not get onto the others, and all qualities will remain unchanged. If you have non-hybrid varieties, you can safely collect seeds and plant them next year in your garden. All varietal qualities will be preserved, no matter how many other varieties grow in front of the bush.

How to awaken the seeds

When buying planting material, be sure to look at what species the plant belongs to. Asparagus varieties will give you young pods, while hulling only seeds. In any case, the beans must be soaked before planting, otherwise they will not hatch for a long time. When the summer is short, pay attention to the timing of fruit ripening.Try to acquire localized varieties of local breeding that are more hardy, they do not require special care.

Landing times depend on the weather. In order for the beans to sprout, the earth must warm up to + 15⁰, the spring frosts must end. In the southern regions, they begin to plant when the chestnut blooms, and in areas where this tree does not grow, you will have to navigate by the weather forecast and your own intuition. First, put the beans of erect varieties in the ground, after a week it will be the turn of climbing plants. If the summer is warm and long enough, bush beans can be planted in July in the beds, where earlier vegetables and greens grew before.

Go through the seeds, put aside all rotten, damaged, deformed ones. They must be soaked in the evening and kept in water all night. In the morning, select those that have not swollen, and hold the rest for a few minutes in a solution of boric acid (dilute 1 g of powder in 5 liters of water). With this treatment, before planting, the plants will not be afraid of diseases and pests.

Site preparation

It's time to figure out how to plant the beans so they germinate faster. Legumes have their own soil requirements. They do not need excess nitrogen, they themselves are good green manure and enrich the earth with nutrients. The plant does not like soils that do not allow water to pass through well and contain a lot of stagnant moisture. It grows best in sunny areas where there is no strong wind. Remember that legumes can be grown in one place only for one season, you can return to the same bed no earlier than after 3 years, so that pests and diseases do not attack the plantings. But if vegetable crops grew in front of them, the plants develop correctly and enrich the depleted soil.

Advice

Grow beans on poor, nutrient-poor soils. Next year, the garden bed will be saturated with nitrogen and ready to receive vegetable crops.

Dig up the area in autumn, add 0.5 buckets of compost, 1.5 tablespoons of superphosphate and 1 tablespoon of ash for each m2. Make rows at a distance of 0.5 m from each other, dig holes at intervals of 30 cm. No more than 3 bushes should grow in each nest, but you can put 5 beans for insurance. Water well and compact the soil. If you are afraid of night frosts, cover the bed with foil.

Planting beans correctly - at a depth of 5 cm. If the soil layer is too thin, the sprouts may fall to the ground. If it is too deep, it will take a long time to wait for seedlings. In this case, the culture sometimes does not germinate at all, the grains rot in the soil.

Plantation care

When the beans have already sprouted, bush varieties should be huddled so that the stems are kept straight. For curly beans, you need to arrange a support: trellises or cords going from top to bottom. You can plant the plant under fruit trees and tie the twine to the branches. The legumes will fertilize the soil for the apple tree, and it will protect the whips from the wind. Do not take slippery materials as a support for the stems: metal, plastic: the lashes will slip off them. Other tall crops (corn, sunflower) are suitable as a support, just make sure that the plants do not infect the same diseases and pests.

Advice

You can drive a stake in the area, tie pieces of twine to its top and strengthen them on the ground around the circumference. Plants will braid the cords, and you get an Indian wigwam for children to play.

For irrigation, you need to use rain or settled water. The temperature of the liquid should not be very different from the ambient air. If you brought water from a well or an underground container, do not pour it directly under the bush, let it warm up.

If you want to get a rich harvest, water the beans in the correct way.

• After planting, water no more than once every 7 days. How much water you need, determine for yourself: the soil should be moderately moist, but not soggy.
• When the fifth leaf appears, stop watering.
• When flowers appear, resume watering as after planting.
• Gradually increase the amount of liquid and decrease the interval between waterings. Moisture should be doubled and more frequently before pods form.

The care also includes fertilizing the beds. Top dressing begins after the appearance of a real leaf. During this period, the plant needs fertilizers with a high phosphorus content. When the buds begin to appear, pour the potassium salt solution over the garden bed, and when the beans form, sprinkle ash under the bushes. Legumes do not need nitrogen, they will take the required amount from the air, and with an excess of nitrates, greens will begin to develop rapidly to the detriment of the harvest. Remember that plants can absorb all nutrients only in dissolved form, after each feeding, water the garden bed.

Manifestation of anthractosis on a bean leaf

Legume diseases and pests

Legumes rarely get sick. Basically, improper care, contaminated soil or planting material is to blame for the occurrence of diseases. To avoid infection, do not plant the same crops in the same area for several years. Soaking in boric acid helps the development of immunity well. As soon as the beans have sprouted and after harvesting, the soil can be treated with a disinfectant "Fitosporin". If the disease appears, dig up and burn the damaged plants, and treat the soil and the rest of the plantings with Bordeaux mixture.

There are 3 main diseases in legumes.

1. Viral mosaic. When infected, dead areas appear on the leaves.
2. Bacteriosis Not only causes the death of this season's plantings, but also remains in the soil for many years.
3. Anthracnose. Brown spots appear on the leaves, then the affected areas acquire a yellow tint and holes.

Beans are dangerous pests: scoops, whose larvae eat greens, and a bean weevil that lives in beans. The larvae can be controlled with insecticides. To prevent weevils from entering the site, sort out the seed, plant only undamaged beans, pretreated with boric acid, and arrange for proper plantation care.

Harvesting and storage of crops

Both green pods and ripe beans are good food. Young fruits can be harvested 15 days after flowering. It is best to cut the pods with scissors in the morning. At this time, they gain the maximum amount of moisture and become juicy. You can eat green beans fresh, in salads, or prepare vegetable dishes.

The kernels are harvested when the pods are dry. Cut off the stems and hang them from the bottom in a dry place with good air circulation. After 15 days, the pods will open easily and the grains will easily separate from the cuttings. If necessary, dry the crop, and then store it in jars under lids. Only fruits from the bottom of the bushes are suitable for seeds. Choose the strongest and most productive plants without signs of disease, collect grains and store them on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

You do not need to dig up the roots. Special nodules on the underground part of the plants will continue to work. Biological processes enrich the soil with nitrogen. The remaining root system will decompose and turn into organic fertilizer before the next season.

Growing beans indoors

Grain varieties in cold regions do not have time to yield. Growing beans at home or in greenhouses is more suitable for this area. A bush variety is more suitable for a room, it does not need a lot of room for growth. If you have tall windows, you can plant curly ones as well.

You need to choose a deep container for plants so that the roots can develop correctly. Fill the crates with a mixture of peat, sand and compost with the addition of compound fertilizers. For climbing varieties, provide supports with a height of 1.5 m. Watering and care is carried out in the same way as for planting in open ground.

Plants do not have enough light indoors.Organize fluorescent lighting so that the bean "day" lasts at least 12 hours. Please note that grain yields at home will be low. This option is more suitable for getting young pods, although you will not get as many of them as in the garden.

Conclusion

Outdoor cultivation of beans is best done in the southern regions. The ripening period for grain varieties can exceed 100 days. If the grains are planted in June, harvesting will begin in mid-September. Find out if the warm weather in your area will last until early fall. When buying planting material, choose the types of local selection, they are more adapted to the conditions of your territory. The grains must be soaked before planting, they do not germinate when dry.

Bean care includes watering according to a special scheme. In each period of development, plants need a different amount of moisture. Be careful, the volume of the crop depends on it. If everything is done correctly, in the middle of summer you will eat plenty of young pods, and before the onset of frost, create a supply of grains for the whole winter.

Beans are considered one of the most valuable legumes. It occupies the podium due to its composition. In terms of the amount of easily digestible proteins, beans are close to meat and fish. If the task is to grow such a culture in your summer cottage, you need to take into account all the rules of agricultural technology and familiarize yourself with the recommendations regarding its planting and care.

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When to plant beans outdoors

Beans are planted in the last month of spring. Summer residents should take into account the weather conditions and the correct temperature regime of the soil. The optimal indicator should be 12-15 degrees (at a depth of up to 10 cm). If you focus on the folk calendar, then the sowing time of this leguminous crop coincides with the flowering of chestnuts.

First, it is necessary to sow upright varieties, and after 7 days to deal with climbing species. Bush beans are recommended to be planted in early July. She can be allocated a place in the beds from which the harvest of early-maturing vegetables has already been harvested.

Most gardeners carry out planting work in several stages: from mid-May to early July. The interval between them must be at least 10 days.

To accelerate the ripening of beans, it is worth covering the soil with plastic wrap. Such actions contribute to its warming up. After the seed has been planted, the bed needs to provide such a shelter until the temperature at night becomes 12 degrees.

A bush bean variety must be sown in the ground in early July

Are beans afraid of frost

Beans are considered a thermophilic crop, so they need to be planted in the second half of May, when the temperature at night stops reaching minus marks. Even cold winds are destructive for young shoots, so you can identify beans in a summer cottage under an apple tree or along a fence.

The minimum temperature that the sprouts can withstand is -3-4 degrees. With short-term frosts, there is a chance for the survival of seedlings, but at the same time, such an impact will negatively affect their further development and productivity.

To prevent this, experienced summer residents recommend equipping the plant with a temporary shelter, which involves the use of agrotextile or film.

The most popular varieties for planting

The choice of beans is huge. If it is difficult to decide, you should prefer varieties that are adapted to the climate of the area.

The best varieties for the Moscow region, Ukraine and Belarus

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Moscow white green-pod 556. The plant is a mid-season plant. From the moment of sowing to harvest, it takes about 100 days. The bush reaches a height of 25 cm. The fruit has a thin layer of parchment.Honeycomb is considered unpretentious, it is highly resistant to a humid environment and drought.

Nomad

Medium early curly variety. Fasolina has an ocher color with a pale purple pattern. The fruit lacks parchment and fibers. They have a delicate and soft texture. Strongly withstands anthracnose and gray rot.

For the Urals and the middle lane

Oran

Early-ripening beans with a ripening period of about 3 months. Ideal for growing in central Russia. The height of the bush is 35-56 cm. It pleases with fruits with excellent taste characteristics. About 200 g of fruit can be harvested from 1 m 2.

Pink

Pink

It takes about 2-3 months from the moment the seeds appear to harvest. The climbing bush grows up to 3 m in length, and therefore needs support.

The fruits have a marbled pink hue, are devoid of a parchment layer and fibers, due to which they have a delicate pulp. The beans have purple streaks and streaks.

For Siberia

Winner

Winner

This variety is characterized by high yield and nutritional value. The pods reach a length of up to 30 cm. The fruits are large in size. The culture can withstand cold weather and has a strong immune system. Due to these qualities, it is permissible to grow it in the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia. Scourge plants have bright red flowers, so they can be adapted to create a decorative hedge.

Oil king

Oil king

This bush bean variety takes 45 days to mature. The fruit has a tubular shape and excellent taste. The length of the pod part is 25 cm. The harvested beans can be stored frozen, dry and canned.

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Seed preparation

Seed preparation is an essential process that will speed up the emergence of seedlings and protect weak seedlings from disease.

First, the seeds are poured with a solution of potassium permanganate and left in it for a maximum of 20 minutes. Then the beans are washed with clean water and re-soaked. This time, an infusion of wood ash is used as a liquid. It takes about 2 hours to keep the seeds in the composition.

In the evening before sowing, the beans are wrapped in a damp cloth. 5 minutes before planting it in the ground, you need to treat it with a solution of boric acid. Such a procedure is an excellent prevention of the invasion of pests and diseases.

Preparing the soil and choosing a place for sowing

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of a place for beans. It is important that it is well lit and protected from strong winds. Seedling is rarely used. The type of soil is not so important, but experienced summer residents agree on the same opinion: beans do not germinate well and do not please with the harvest if they are planted on clay soil. This is due to insufficient moisture permeability, in connection with which the seeds and roots begin to rot.

The preparation of the bed involves digging the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet. Along with this, fertilizers are applied to it: 4 kg of humus or compost are used per 1 m2, 2 tbsp. l. dolomite flour, 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.

When preparing the soil, you need to dig it up to the depth of the shovel bayonet

Another way to replenish the soil with nutrients is to use ½ compost (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. All this amount is taken per 1 m2.

When choosing a place for sowing beans, you need to focus on predecessor crops. Best of all, it should be potatoes, carrots, peppers, eggplant, cucumber.

Planting scheme and depth

Bush varieties are planted following the following scheme:

• the depth of the planting material is about 5-6 cm;
• the distance between grooves in a row is 20-25 cm;
• row spacing - 40 cm.

For curly varieties, a different scheme is suitable:

• planting depth of beans - 5-6 cm;
• the interval between the pits in a row is 25-30 cm;
• row spacing - 45-50 cm.

When planting beans, 5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole

When planting beans, 5-6 pieces should be laid out in each groove. When one leaf appears on the seedlings, it is necessary to leave no more than 3 seedlings, and remove or transplant all the rest.

If you focus on the lunar calendar 2018, it is recommended to sow beans:

• from 20 to 23 March;
• April 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
• May - 7-10, 19-24;
• June - 4-7 numbers.

Leaving after disembarkation

Beans are unpretentious in nature, so you should not pay special attention to their care. However, some activities are important to her.

Germinating bean seeds

The first sprouts hatch within a week from the moment of sowing. If the air and soil temperatures are below optimal values, seedlings can be observed after 5 days.

To speed up the germination process, it is recommended to soak the planting material in growth activators. Another way to speed up the pecking of shoots is to cover the beds with foil. Hilling will help to strengthen young shoots.

Watering rules and conditions

Beans love abundant watering, so this procedure must be carried out in a timely manner. Moistening the soil is especially important during the period when pods are forming.

The amount of water per bush is determined by eye. You need to water the legume culture once every 7 days. It is important to exclude drying out of the soil. The best watering fluid is rainfall. It is also recommended to use settled water, the temperature of which is at least 18 degrees.

Beans love water, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out.

What top dressing to use in the garden

Legumes are good for feeding. When the preparatory work with the soil is over, it needs to be nourished three times. The first fertilization is carried out one month after the sprouts appear. It is best to use a complex fertilizer based on nitrogen and phosphorus. Superphosphate (30-40 g per 1 m2) is ideal for this procedure.

After 3 weeks, the beans need to be fed a second time. Fertilization will contribute to the formation of high-quality fruits. Potash salt is used as a recharge (10-15 g per 1 m2).

The third feeding is carried out after 3 weeks. It is not recommended to abuse fertilizers, otherwise the growth of green mass will be activated, and the number of pod ovaries will decrease.

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Pests and prevention

Beans are a culture that is not afraid of pests. The only "uninvited guests" may be slugs. To exclude their invasion, you need to carry out regular weeding. If slugs were found, you need to organize traps on the garden bed, from which you will have to periodically remove these creatures for disposal.

The correct timing of harvesting in the country or in the garden

Harvest time depends on the type of crop

Harvesting time depends on the variety of beans. If asparagus beans are grown, you do not need to overexpose them in the beds, since when dried they lose their nutritional qualities.

When you plan to use beans for preservation, unripe fruits are suitable. For harvesting for the winter, you should wait for the pods to dry.

Plucking all the pods in one day is not recommended. In the shade of their own greenery, some stuck could develop less actively, so it is advisable to wait until they are fully ripe.

There is no need to use the manual method to quickly extract the beans from the pods. For such work, a stick is perfect, which will allow you to knock out the fruits.

The event is held as follows. Dried pods are laid on the bedspread, which must be walked over with this device. After that, you just have to remove the dry part of the fruit. Selected beans must be dried and only then sent to storage.

Even a novice summer resident can cope with the cultivation of beans.If you do not deviate from the basic rules for preparing seeds and beds, as well as perform all caring procedures, you can get a generous harvest of beans and use it to prepare various dishes and preparations for the winter.

Bean, a vegetable loved by many, began to be eaten in Russia only in the 18th century. Until then, the culture was cultivated as an ornamental plant for two centuries. For the sake of fruits, common beans are grown today, which are represented by a wide variety of species and varieties. However, gardeners often use multi-flowered beans to decorate their plots, which bloom with bright, beautiful red flowers. What varieties of beans are the best, how to plant beans correctly, how to care for and store them, we will describe in detail in our article.

Beans: description, photo

An annual or perennial herb, the bean can be upright or curly. On its stems are feathery leaves with stipules. In the axils of the leaves, clusters of flowers are formed. After flowering on the bushes, bivalve fruits ripen with seeds weighing about one gram each. The beans (seeds) are separated from each other by spongy septa.

Beans are very unpretentious, self-pollinated, and no more than twelve hours of daylight hours are enough for their ripening. In addition, its seeds are rich in protein, nutritious and very healthy.

Types and best varieties of beans - description, photo

Bean varieties have several classifications:

1. According to its purpose and taste, the vegetable can be asparagus, grain and semi-sugar.
2. By the shape of the plant itself - climbing and bush.
3. According to the ripening period, beans are divided into early ripening, mid-early, medium, mid-ripening, late.

From areas with short summers, it is recommended to grow early and mid-early varieties, the ripening period of which is up to 65 and up to 75 days, respectively. On mid-season and late varieties in these regions, the beans may not have time to ripen, since their growing season lasts from 85 to 100 days.

Grain beans

Plants of this variety have a coarse parchment layer inside the pod, which is not used for food. Therefore, grain varieties are grown to obtain beans, that is, grains. It is recommended to grow grain varieties of beans in warm regions, since in regions with colder climates, the pods do not have time to ripen. However, many gardeners grow these types of legumes through seedlings.

The best varieties of grain beans:

1. Ruby - the variety is distinguished by narrow pods and cherry seeds with excellent taste. The variety is mid-season.

   Rubin beans

2. Spanish white Is a climbing plant with large white, tasty grains that have a thin skin. Short, bright green pods are not eaten. Each pod ripens from three to five beans. Medium late variety.

   Corn beans Spanish white

3. Golden - the variety got its name because of the golden color of the pods, which are formed on a bush up to forty centimeters high. Yellow seeds are excellent in taste and high in protein.
4. Turkish beans or fire red beans has not only beautiful bright flowers, but an unusual bean color. They can be light purple or pink and white, but always with a darker pattern. The color of the grains depends on the color of the flowers, which are red, red-white, white-pink, white. The plant itself has bright green dense foliage and grows from 2.5 to 4 meters in height. However, the fruits of this variety are not eaten raw, as they contain toxins. At the same time, a gorgeous flowering unpretentious plant can decorate the garden from June to September.

   Fire red beans or Turkish beans

5. The mistress's dream - the plant in the form of a bush is distinguished by white seeds that ripen in yellow long pods. Beans are high in protein. The variety is mid-season.

   Bean variety Mistress's Dream

6. Chocolate girl - a bush up to sixty centimeters high is distinguished by brown pods resistant to shedding. Chocolate brown seeds contain trace elements and a high percentage of protein. Medium late variety.

Black Eyed Peas

This type is also called vegetable or sugar beans. Its peculiarity is that the seeds can be eaten together with the pod.

The best varieties of asparagus beans:

1. Hell Rem - The climbing plant is popular for the mushroom flavor of its pink grains. A dish made from the pods of this variety will have a mushroom flavor.
2. Blauchild - the variety is distinguished by purple pods, seeds and leaves. The pods can grow from 15 to 23 cm in length. You need to collect them a little immature, otherwise they will become harsh. Bleichilda also has excellent decorative qualities, as it grows up to four meters and blooms beautifully for a long time.

   Blauchild's asparagus bean variety

3. Melody - a climbing plant with fruits about 15 cm long, which are green. Up to nine pods can form on one stem. The variety is early maturing.
4. Purple lady - a short liana with climbing stems up to one and a half meters long, distinguished by dark purple beans up to 18 cm long. The white grains of the plant are very tasty. Medium early variety.

   Bean variety Purple Lady

5. Crane - a variety with delicate green pods that ripen on a compact bush up to half a meter high. The plant is unpretentious and high-yielding.
6. Deer king - an exclusive variety, as it gives two harvests per season. In addition, the white bean pods have an excellent taste.

Of all the varieties, asparagus beans are the tastiest and are able to remove excess moisture from the body, which contributes to weight loss.

Semi-sugar beans

The species differs in that in the early stages of ripening the grain can be eaten with pods. Later, inside the fruit, the parchment layer becomes dense and the pods are already inedible.

The best varieties of semi-sugar beans:

1. Indiana - a variety with very beautiful white seeds, which are painted with red patterns. An early ripe variety in regions with a warm climate gives two harvests per season.

   Indiana Semi-Sugar Beans

2. Welt - a bush variety with pods up to 13 cm long. Five or six pink-lilac beans ripen in each fruit. The early ripe variety Rant is resistant to many diseases and has a high yield.
3. Second - the variety is notable for its golden pods with yellow-brown beans. The pods reach 10-13 cm in length. The variety is early maturing.

   Bean variety Seconds

Planting beans in the spring in the ground

When to plant beans

In spring, when the weather is warm, the last night frosts will pass and the soil temperature on the site will warm up to + 12 ... + 15 degrees, beans can be planted in open ground.

According to popular belief, it is believed that when earrings appear on birches, bird cherry blossoms, and in the southern regions - chestnuts, it is time to plant beans.

First of all, erect varieties are planted, and after a week - curly ones. To harvest during the entire warm period, many gardeners plant sugar and semi-sugar early ripening varieties every ten days until mid-July.

Soil for beans

Legumes prefer well-lit areas with loose soil sheltered from strong winds. It is not recommended to plant them on clay soils where water stagnates.

Another feature of the crop is that it is able to extract nitrogen from the air, therefore, areas enriched with nitrogen fertilizers are not suitable for planting crops.

Hulk beans can even be grown in poor soil in the field and without regular watering. This cultivation of beans is called melons and is practiced in the southern regions.

Then plant the beans

When choosing a site, one should not forget about crop rotation, since it is impossible to plant beans after any types of legumes.It will grow well after cucumbers and peppers, eggplant and tomatoes, potatoes and cabbage.

It is recommended to plant cabbage and tomatoes, cucumbers and beets, onions and carrots on the same bed with legumes.

Garden bed preparation

It is best to start preparing the beds for planting legumes in the fall:

1. The site is cleared of plant residues.
2. Fertilizer is distributed over the bed (for each square meter - ½ a bucket of compost, 20 grams of wood ash and 30 grams of superphosphate). You can use a mixture of 4 kg of compost or humus, ½ tablespoon of potassium salt, 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate and ammonium nitrate, 2 tablespoons of dolomite flour.
3. The fertilized area is dug to the depth of the shovel bayonet.

Seed preparation

Bean seeds do not require any special processing, however, it is recommended to sort them out, choosing smooth and even grains of the same size. To swell, the planting material is soaked in warm water overnight. To help the seeds germinate faster in the soil, they can be placed in a damp cloth before sprouting. After about 3-5 days, the beans will be ready for planting.

Attention! Sprouted seeds sprout quickly, however, birds find and peck them faster, the shoots may break during planting, and freeze during recurrent frosts.

In order to prevent damage to plants by diseases and pests, seeds on the day of sowing are dipped in a boric acid solution for five minutes (for 5 liters of water - 1 gram of acid).

How to plant beans correctly

Immediately before planting in the spring, the bed is loosened and rather wide holes are made in it with a depth of about 5 cm, the distance between which depends on the type of plant:

1. For climbing varieties, the distance between the rows should be about 50 cm, and between the plants themselves - 25-30 cm.
2. Bush varieties are planted at a distance of about 20 cm from each other, observing the distance between the rows - 40 cm.

It is recommended to place 5-6 grains in each hole, in order to then select the three strongest plants, and remove or transplant the weak ones.

The plantings are sprinkled with earth, watered from a watering can with a shower head, the soil is compacted with a rake (back side) and covered with a film. Shelter is only necessary if night frosts are possible.

Attention! Several varieties of beans can be planted on one bed and even in the same row at once, since these plants are self-pollinating.

Planting beans for seedlings

This type of legume is grown in seedlings only in regions with short summers. In the south and in central Russia, seedlings are grown only by those gardeners who want to get an early harvest.

It is difficult to say when to plant beans for seedlings, since the timing of planting depends on the response of the region and plant varieties. Before the intended planting in open ground, seeds are planted in about a month. For this, it is recommended to use peat pots, together with which the seedlings are then placed in the soil.

Before sowing for seedlings, beans are prepared in the same way as before planting in open ground. Peat pots are filled with moist, light soil, which can be pre-mixed with a small amount of mineral fertilizers or ash. Two seeds are placed in each pot to a depth of 3 cm, so that later a stronger plant is left. The crops are sprinkled with soil, watered, covered with polyethylene and removed to a warm place.

When the seedlings appear, the seedling containers are placed in a well-lit place. Seedling care includes timely watering, maintaining the temperature within +16 degrees and providing good lighting.

In open ground, bean seedlings are planted with three to four leaves. At this time, warm weather should be established, and the threat of frost return should be avoided. A week before planting on the garden, the seedlings begin to harden, for which they are taken out for several hours on an open balcony or plot.

Before planting, the bushes are well watered, placed in prepared holes, sprinkled with soil, watered again and sprinkled with mulch. If frosts are possible at night, then a covering material can be draped over the plants.

How to care for beans

Caring for bush beans will not take much time, but climbing plants require special attention. As soon as the seedlings sprout, they will need to be huddled so that the bushes will not fall.

Watering the beans

Watering frequency depends on weather conditions. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is moist, but without stagnant water. For different species, their own irrigation regime:

1. Sugar and semi-sugar tall varieties are watered moderately throughout the season.
2. The rest of the beans are watered as needed before budding begins. During flowering, watering is stopped, and when the pods begin to grow, the plants are watered about once every three days.

It is advisable to use settled water for irrigation.

Loosening

After rains or watering, the beds are cleared of weeds, and the aisles are loosened:

• the first time the soil is loosened shallowly, when the seedlings grow to about 7 cm;
• the second loosening together with hilling is carried out half a month after the first;
• the last time in a season, the soil in the garden bed is loosened before the bushes grow and their rows close.

If the plants are planted at a fairly large distance from each other, then, as necessary, the procedure of loosening the row spacings can be continued.

How to feed beans

During the season, the plants are fed three times:

1. After sprouting, the beans are fed when two true leaves appear on the plants. For this, a solution is prepared from phosphorus-potassium or phosphorus fertilizers (for 10 liters of water - 15-20 grams).
2. During budding and flowering, legumes need potassium. Therefore, they are watered with an ash solution (for 10 liters of water - 1 glass) or special potash fertilizers (for 10 liters of water - 15 grams).
3. When the fruits begin to ripen, the beans are fed with a solution of 10 liters of water and 10-15 grams of potassium-phosphorus fertilizer.

If the plants are lagging behind in development, then additional feeding is possible. However, remember that nitrogen fertilizers cannot be used.

Bean garter

The support for climbing plants must be taken care of during planting. For this, large-mesh nets or supports are installed, between which a thin twine, rope or wire is pulled. The plants are directed to the stretch marks and are not tied very tightly in several places so as not to bend the stem. The bean vine will cling to the mesh or wire by itself.

Tall bush varieties also need support. For each bush, you can install a separate wooden peg and tie the plant to it.

Metal pipes and plastic products are not suitable for support, since the vine will not be able to climb along them.

Diseases and pests of beans

Violation of crop rotation, poor care and many other unfavorable factors lead to the fact that plants are affected by fungal or viral diseases, as well as various pests.

Of the diseases, beans are most often affected:

1. Powdery mildew manifests itself as a white bloom, which looks like pieces of cotton wool. The leaves and stems of plants begin to turn yellow and dry out.
2. Root rot affects the root system, as a result of which the roots die off, the root collar becomes brown, the plants practically stop growing.
3. White rot affects the tissues of beans and stems, which soften over time.
4. Anthractosis can be recognized by the brown spots on the seedlings, which turn brown over time. Holes form on the leaves and then the foliage falls off
5. Mosaic recognized by bright red spots that appear on pods and leaves. Fruits cease to be tied, the plant lags behind in growth.

Affected plants must be removed and burned. The soil where they grew is treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid.Some of these diseases can be treated with fungicides, however, they are harmful to humans. Therefore, it is better to spend preventive actions:

1. Observe crop rotation and agricultural techniques.
2. Treat the soil around seedlings and after harvesting with Phytosporin.
3. Disinfect planting material.
4. Remove weeds and plant debris in time.

Of the pests, beans are loved:

1. Slugs that crawl out of the ground and suck juices from plants. Superphosphate scattered around the plantings will save from these pests.
2. Aphids also feed on plant sap. It lives on trunks and reproduces rapidly. You can get rid of it by fumigating with a mixture of wood ash and hot red pepper or tobacco dust. The same folk remedies can be used against sprout flies and whiteflies. Insecticidal preparations help well, but the use of chemistry is not recommended.
3. So that the planting does not affect the bean weevils, the planting material should be treated with boric acid before sowing.

If ladybugs live on your site, then aphids and other harmful insects will be much less.

Harvesting and storing beans

Sugar and semi-sugar varieties

Green pods are best eaten and preserved. Collect them every other day so that new fruits develop. In this case, the beans can be harvested until the end of the season. It is recommended to cut the pods with sharp scissors or secateurs.

To get grains from semi-sugar varieties, you need to wait until they are overripe.

Collection of peeling varieties

The following signs indicate that the grain beans are ripe:

• the color of the pods changes - the red and purple varieties turn pale, and the green ones turn yellow;
• the fruits dry up;
• the beans become strong;
• pods thunder and peel easily.

Dried fruits are harvested, and still unripe green ones are left. In a few days it will be possible to collect them too.

Storing beans

Fruits of cereal and overripe semi-sugar varieties should be spread out in a thin layer and dried well in a ventilated dry room. Dried pods peel well. To speed up the procedure, you can put them in a bag and wrinkle them. The beans are peeled off before storage.

In hermetically sealed glass jars and in a cool room, beans can be stored for years.

The peculiarity of the beans is that after harvesting, its remnants in the garden can not be removed, since the roots decomposing in the ground will enrich the site with nitrogen. Only the upper part of the plants, which may contain fungi and pest larvae, should be removed and burned.