What can be grown in a heated greenhouse in winter?

Greenhouse requirements

How to equip a greenhouse for growing vegetables in winter? When constructing a year-round greenhouse, it is important to meet all the conditions for successful plant growth: ensuring the required temperature and humidity, the amount of sunlight, the possibility of airing. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse so that they do not block the benefits of winter vegetables.

Year-round greenhouse must have a solid foundation... To provide the required height for the plants, the structure can be slightly deepened. This little trick will help you save on heating costs and not lose the natural light you need.

It is best to grow vegetables in a medium-sized greenhouse, up to 20 m long and 2.5-3 m wide... The optimal roof structure is pitched. The north wall can be laid out with cinder blocks or wooden beams, protecting the plants from the winter wind. The greenhouse should have a vestibule and double doors. Comfortable air vents.

Most often, capital greenhouses are made on a welded frame with an anti-corrosion coating. Such a foundation will stand for many years, the greenhouse will be strong and reliable. As a coating, you can use dense polyethylene or tempered industrial glass. But the most expensive and high quality material - cellular polycarbonate. It transmits light well and retains heat even in the most severe frosts.

For heating, pipes on both sides of the greenhouse are suitable. The heat source will be an electric boiler. It is possible to heat the structure with modern wood-burning stoves that save fuel.

Increasing the temperature inside the greenhouse will help biofuel - rotted manuremixed with straw. The mixture is laid out under the top layer of soil. Biofuel is suitable for growing cucumbers, radishes and other crops that are particularly heat-demanding.

Selection of vegetables

In a winter greenhouse can grow all kinds of crops, from popular tomatoes to cabbage lettuce and herbs. Among the most popular and fruitful vegetables:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• radish;
• head salad;
• eggplant;
• Bell pepper;
• various varieties of cabbage;
• zucchini.

It should be borne in mind that crops have different requirements for humidity and temperature, so they need to be placed in separate greenhouses. For example, tomatoes and bell peppers require moderate moisture (no more than 60%) and frequent ventilation.Such a regime is destructive for cucumbers, which need a humid and hot atmosphere.

In the cold season, the greenhouse effect with high humidity is easier to maintain.

Therefore, many novice gardeners focus on popular and productive crops that need just this mode: cucumbers and radishes.

Choosing varieties, it is worth giving preference to hybridscultivated specifically for indoor use. These plants have a shortened growing season and do not require insect pollination. Most greenhouse varieties have good yields and pest resistance.

Seedling preparation

Some gardeners buy grown seedlings at markets and other farms. But grow your own seedlings from seed much more profitable... In addition, the process can be started at any time to ensure a year-round harvest.

It is better to grow seedlings in a separate greenhouse or in a house. Seed germination conditions are different from those to which adult plants exist. In some cases, a lower temperature or higher humidity is required. In one greenhouse, you can place seedlings of different crops with similar requirements for agricultural technology.

If there is no opportunity to organize a greenhouse for seedlings, the seeds can be germinated on a separate rack in a common room located as close to the lamps as possible. The seeds can be germinated in peat cups, but this method is not suitable for eggplants and other crops with a weak root system. For year-round cultivation, the conveyor method is recommended.

Seeds are sown every 2 weeks, which makes it possible to get seedlings of different ages. If different crops are planted, after a year it is recommended to alternate them... Eggplant seedlings are planted in the places occupied by tomatoes, and cucumbers are replaced with radishes or zucchini.

This technique does not allow the soil to deplete. The first sowing can be started in January. Depending on the growing season of a particular plant, the seedlings will ready for transplant in 3-5 weeks after sowing seeds.

Soil and fertilizers

How to grow vegetables in a greenhouse all year round? Vegetables need light, not too acidic soils. For most crops, a mixture of garden soil, sand and peat is suitable.

Before laying in the greenhouse the soil needs to be calcined or disinfected using an aqueous solution of copper sulfate. Such treatment kills harmful microorganisms and insect larvae.

After processing, ash or a complex of mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil. The mixture is thoroughly loosened and distributed over the ridges. In the greenhouse, you can organize both ground and rack cultivation. The racks are suitable for radishes, head lettuce and other small crops. Some vegetable growers successfully grow tomatoes and zucchini on shelves.

Indoor ground is quickly depleted, so the plants in the greenhouse need to be constantly fertilized. Rotted compost or complex mineral fertilizers are added to the soil. This treatment is repeated every 2 weeks; before fertilizing, the soil must be loosened and weeds removed. During the period of active growth of seedlings, special attention should be paid to nitrogen fertilization, from time to time the plants can nourish with medicinal preparations.

Care features

In winter, you need to maintain an average daily temperature of 18 to 22 degrees. Overheating has a bad effect on tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers, and a cold snap can have a detrimental effect on radishes and cucumbers. On frosty days, greenhouses are not ventilated, when the outside temperature rises, the vents need to be opened 1-2 times a day.

Vegetables in the greenhouse watered 2-3 times a weekwhen the soil dries up a little. It is advisable to use water at the same temperature as the air in the greenhouse. Cold water can cause shock and slow plant development.

As they grow, the stems of the plants must be tied up.Cucumbers need special supports to be mounted on the roof of the greenhouse. With their help, the stems of plants can be directed in the right direction, which is especially convenient for rack cultivation.

With the onset of fruit formation it is recommended to remove the lower leaves on the stems. Excessive green mass interferes with fruit development. In addition, this technique will improve air exchange and access to sunlight, plants will not be affected by pests and fungi.

In the greenhouse it is important to maintain the atmospherefavorable for plants. The humidity level will help increase watering of heating pipes and floor with water, as well as placing open tanks in the room. For the successful ripening of tomatoes in the greenhouse, you can put tanks with an aqueous solution of mullein. Good increase moisture and hot water barrels, moreover, they additionally heat the room.

With conveyor cultivation, harvesting takes place all year round. In early summer and late autumn, preventive treatment of premises with partial replacement of soil and thorough washing of all surfaces is recommended. After airing and fertilizing, a new stage of planting begins.

Success growing vegetables in a greenhouse in winter, depends on the region... The most profitable option is to use greenhouses in temperate and climates. Regions with short summers and long frosty in winter will require high heating costs.

In such an area, it is more advisable to extend the summer period until the end of October and practice early planting in heated soil. Using correctly selected varieties of vegetable crops, you can achieve a good harvest.

Simple innovations in the design of greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round, in the video below:

The first step in the business of growing vegetables in the cold season is the construction of a winter greenhouse. The desire of an increasing number of people to eat only organic products will allow your business to grow and bring reliable profits.

Variety of greenhouses

Every resident of rural areas or summer cottages asks the question of making a profit from growing agricultural products. One of the interesting solutions to this problem is the construction of a winter greenhouse. It is good to grow seedlings (vegetable and flower), berries, root cuttings or transplant perennials from the garden in it. The result of labor will depend only on your skills and efforts, and not on the properties of the soil, or the vagaries of the weather.

The modern market offers a wide variety of types and forms of greenhouses, so it is difficult for a novice gardener to understand where to start construction. What design will be convenient for growing different types of vegetables or greens? What should be its area required to collect the planned amount of harvest? Which roof shape should you choose? Etc.

To find the right answers to these and other questions, you need to familiarize yourself with the types and features of greenhouses, and also clearly understand for yourself when, what crops and in what quantity you have to grow.

Greenhouses come in different designs:

• wall-mounted;
• arched;
• called "house" and others.

In addition, the temperature inside the structure is considered a distinctive feature: there are unheated greenhouses, greenhouses with partial heating and heated greenhouses. If you are planning to make a small winter garden or a green terrace, then a wall-mounted structure would be the best option. A pitched roof and a common wall with the house will make such construction and heating economical.

You can choose an arched glazed structure - it will be used for the comfortable growth of crops in the warm season, for example, low-growing plants, as well as vegetables and greenery. Its traditional dimensions are 2 * 4 * 3 m, but it is not suitable for growing tall and climbing plants.

Unheated greenhouses are built without additional heating, so in winter they have a low temperature.They are convenient for spring growing tomato seedlings, early vegetables, flower seedlings, rooting cuttings. If you decide to deal with thermophilic plants, then there is no point in considering this option.

IN partially heated greenhouse winter temperature should be at least 5-7 degrees - it can be provided by the operation of an ordinary heating device. This design is convenient for the seasonal cultivation of "greenhouse" plants - cyclamen, azalea - or flower seedlings for flower beds.

If you plan to grow vegetables, berries and greens earlier than weather conditions allow you to do it outdoors, then you need to start building winter heated greenhouse... You need to understand all the differences between such a structure and summer buildings. In it, it is necessary to ensure and regularly maintain a temperature of at least 13 degrees.

A winter greenhouse is a massive structure with heating, lighting and other distinctive features.

Features of the construction of a winter greenhouse

How good it is when there are fresh herbs and vegetables on the table all year round. And when they can be sold at a favorable price, then this is a double pleasure! Many amateur gardeners have long found a way out of the situation when they need to grow vegetables not only in the warm season, but also in severe frosts. This is the construction of winter greenhouses.

The very first thing you need to start construction with is to decide on the range and volume of products to be grown. It is recommended to start it in the fall before the first frost, after carefully examining the site on which construction will begin.

The work usually begins with calculating the strength of the frame, on which the material of your choice will be stretched, and the selection of everything else necessary for the construction. The frame must be hardy, as it will receive a large amount of precipitation in the form of snow and rain. The most environmentally friendly material is wood. It is reliable, durable, and the construction of such a greenhouse will not be difficult. The disadvantage is that such a structure will be out of service in 10-15 years. A polycarbonate greenhouse is considered more budgetary, but durable.

The winter greenhouse should be on foundation, consist of a roof and a frame. It is recommended to install the structure in a north-south direction. The foundation must be solid. The reliability of the installation of the entire structure depends on this. To correctly install it, you need to calculate the approximate weight of the planned structure.

The foundation - carcass - is mounted on the dug-in racks, foundation. The edges must be fixed with self-tapping screws. Everyone chooses the materials for the coating at their own discretion. You can use glass, but in this case it will be necessary to protect the plants from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Film is considered a cheap and convenient material, but it can burst under a layer of snow. Polycarbonate is a versatile material. It is reliable, frost and snow resistant, it has a spectacular appearance. It should not be forgotten that there should be a door and a window in the frame from the end.

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To prevent snow from falling asleep in the greenhouse, its shape is streamlined. To regulate the thermal and air conditions, the sealed room must be equipped with a side or top ventilation.

In addition, you must definitely install irrigation system.

In their own way internal structure winter greenhouses are shelving (when plants grow on specially fixed shelves) and ground greenhouses (when they grow in soil). In the first version, shelves made of boards, reinforced concrete or plastic are mounted at a height of up to 80 cm, the passage between them should be at least 70 cm.In the second case, if it is planned to grow one type of plants, make beds parallel to the length of the greenhouse. For growing different types of plants, easily removable partitions are installed.

The structure and the soil must be disinfected before use.

How to heat the greenhouse?

A prerequisite for growing crops in a winter greenhouse is regular control over air temperature and light conditions. The required temperature must be maintained with artificial heating.

There are different ways to heat greenhouses:

• widely used biofuel - environmentally friendly product of decay of plant organisms;
• some gardeners prefer heating pipes: water heated in different ways raises the air temperature to the required values;
• you can arrange soil heating in the greenhouse - for this you need to lay in advance heating cables... This is a convenient but expensive process;
• if the area of ​​the building is not very large, you can use solid fuel heating cauldron... The boiler can be in the greenhouse itself or in the house. At the same time, heat transfer will not always meet your expectations, and twice a day you will need to bookmark firewood;
• air heating - the simplest and at the same time the most difficult way to heat a polycarbonate greenhouse. A steel pipe is laid along the entire length of the room. One end of it faces the street, and a fire should always be lit under it. Warm heated air, entering the greenhouse through the pipe, heats it. This is a very time-consuming task, you need to constantly monitor the fire, otherwise the plants will die;
• finally, very popular today, despite the high cost, electric heating system... Increasingly, infrared heaters are used, which simultaneously provide lighting for the structure.

With any heating system, you need to ensure that in the event of severe frosts, timely insulate the doors and tightly close the vents.

What to grow in a greenhouse in winter?

Now let's look at the difficult question: what can be grown in a greenhouse in winter? The selection of species and varieties of plants grown should be approached thoughtfully. It is necessary to study the biorhythms of plants (onions are not grown in a winter greenhouse, since they are dormant in winter), otherwise the process will be unprofitable.

In January, seedlings of vegetable crops (cucumbers, tomatoes), onions (only varieties that do not have a dormant period), as well as any root vegetables, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, etc. are grown in a winter greenhouse. The latter ones play the role of a sealant together with cucumbers or tomatoes. Scattered, they ripen much earlier than the main vegetables.

Considering the cost of heating the greenhouse in winter, its area should be used sparingly.

How to grow vegetables in a greenhouse in winter?

For growing tomatoes in a winter greenhouse, seedlings are taken from late September to early November. The optimum air temperature for growing tomatoes is 22-25 C. In order to save space, they usually fill not only horizontal beds with them, but also a vertical volume around the perimeter.

When choosing varieties of cucumbers, insect pollinated varieties should be excluded and self-pollinated and hybrid varieties should be given preference. It is also recommended to prefer vertical varieties. In January, sprouted cucumber seeds are planted in pots set in boxes with evenly moistened soil. After they ascend, at a temperature of about 23 C, you need to gradually reduce it. For a week, it is necessary to reduce it to 15-18 C at a mandatory soil temperature of at least 22 C.

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For growing peppers and tomatoes in this phase, 10-15 degrees will be enough.When the tomatoes are in the cotyledon phase, they are dived into special pots filled with nutritious soil. It must be remembered that tomatoes and cucumbers do not like neighborhoods, so it is undesirable to grow them nearby.

Lettuce, like Chinese cabbage, is best grown in a winter greenhouse until a half-cabbage is formed. For this, the seeds are sown no earlier than at the end of January. When the height of the half-cabbage is 8 -10 cm, their first selective harvesting is possible. From 1 sq.m. manage to get about 5-6 kg. But do not chase a wide assortment - Dutch greenhouses, for example, advise growing only one crop.

Where to sell your products?

One of the most important issues of concern to entrepreneurs taking their first steps in small business is the issue of logistics and product sales.

In addition to the benefits brought to the owner by the abundance of vitamins to the table in winter, it should please with financial receipts to the budget. Therefore, before starting construction, it is recommended to get acquainted with the administration of outlets within the limits of possible export of products, discuss with them supply options, sales volume and the likelihood of similar goods arriving. It is necessary to negotiate the price of the products (you need to take into account the fact that the store will sell the goods at a premium) and find a golden mean with distance (otherwise all the profit will go away as transportation costs).

If it is planned to sell large volumes of products to resellers, then they prefer long-term storage goods, for example, tomatoes.

It is easier to sell parsley, lettuce, radish, strawberries through retail, and popular seedlings in April-May.

The farther from possible points the greenhouse is located, the more “lying” products should be preferred. This type of business will be doomed to failure in advance if you live in the suburbs of a large metropolis or in a very remote taiga area.

Newcomers to this business are advised to choose the easiest way to sell - through a supermarket. If there is someone in the neighborhood who is already doing this, it would be good to know the range of his products - in order to avoid unhealthy competition, it is better to deal with different cultures.

Benefits of the winter greenhouse business

Do you dream of building a greenhouse and getting big profits right away? Every year there are more and more enterprising people who consider plant growing in greenhouse conditions a profitable business.

First you need to understand the intricacies of this business. Products grown in a winter greenhouse will indeed have a high cost. But you need to take into account the peculiarities of the market in the area where you live. Examine supply and demand.

As a rule, demand has a wave-like character, it differs from season to season or can be timed to coincide with the holidays. There is always a demand for greens, and it grows well, but roses are not popular today, preference is given to exotic varieties of flowers. All this must be remembered when choosing a planting material and calculating the desired return on costs. If the design has perfect insulation, and it is not afraid of severe frosts, then it can function from November to May inclusive. Precisely at a time when the price of market goods is high and the population does not have their own vegetables.

The construction and maintenance of winter greenhouses requires certain financial investments, so the process is considered profitable only if the cost of the resulting crop is at least 30% higher than the cost of costs.

Start-up capital is required for the construction of a greenhouse. This includes the costs of construction, purchase of seeds, watering, lighting, heating. So, the cost of building a small greenhouse with stove heating will amount to 200 thousand rubles.

Payback in general, it will depend on the profitability and the amount of investment. Usually, over a period of about 2 - 5 seasons, all this pays off, and the profit is 300% - 400%. In any case, the profit will be directly proportional to the price of the product.

In the regions of Russia, which are located from each other in the meridian direction, the price for 1 kg differs by an order of magnitude. For example, during the winter period last year the price for 1 kg of tomatoes in Samara was 100 rubles, and in Norilsk it reached 700-800 rubles.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the costs of electricity, seeds, fertilizers, logistics, etc. The larger the building area, the more real it is to get a large income. What is more profitable to grow in a greenhouse in winter? According to experienced growers, flowers are the most profitable direction for growing in winter greenhouses; greens are in second place, vegetables in third. By the way, selling lettuce gives 4 times more profit than tomatoes!

The greenhouse business is not easy. This is a very painstaking and laborious task. But given the main trend of our time - to eat only organic products - your exciting business will be profitable!

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A capital polycarbonate greenhouse allows you not to interrupt the cultivation process even in the coldest time. It is necessary to choose what can be planted in the greenhouse for the winter, based on considerations of economic feasibility, personal preferences and the ability to fully care. It is important to study the needs of the plants, recommendations for ensuring reliable operation and possible difficulties. With a competent approach and investment of certain funds, it is easy to organize even your own business.

Advantages and disadvantages of winter landing

For the winter, seeds of frost-resistant crops are planted in the open ground that can withstand the harsh climate of the cold period without damage. A positive aspect of sub-winter planting is the shift in the beginning of the growing season to an earlier time, which speeds up the possibility of harvesting by two to three weeks.

The seeds undergo stratification at a low temperature and are hardened, the seedlings are disease-resistant and strong, with powerful roots, and are less damaged by pests. The yield of such plants in a greenhouse in winter is usually much higher.

Greenhouse economy in winter

But there is always a threat of complete or partial death of seedlings if the weather is unstable with prolonged warming, contributing to their premature development. Insufficient snow cover may not cope with protective functions. It is necessary to consume more seeds during podzimny planting, since their germination rate is lower.

This can be avoided by sowing the necessary crops for seedlings or greens in the greenhouse in the fall. Even without heating the room, plants have a chance to get some protection from strong temperature changes, flooding with melt water followed by its freezing, strong winds. With a sharp cold snap in winter, it is advisable to additionally cover the plants.

Greens in a greenhouse

Greenhouse crops at different times of the year

In the spring-summer period, polycarbonate greenhouses are used for the most capricious southern crops that are unable to ripen in the local climate, as well as for growing planting material for open ground. In winter, plants that are more adapted to the lack of light and heat can be planted, which will allow you to grow vitamin fruits or greens without damage.

Examples of plant selection

What can you plant for your family in the winter in a greenhouse? The main vegetables for all-season greenhouses are cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes. Eggplants and peppers are more demanding to external conditions and difficult to care for. Not every greenhouse is suitable for growing them. A variety of greens (onions, dill, parsley) are massively grown in winter, even in unheated rooms.

Unheated underground greenhouse

Before winter, you can plant popular root crops in the greenhouse - beets, radishes or carrots, but you should choose the most cold-resistant and early ripening varieties. It is advisable to fill the greenhouse with several types of plants with similar conditions.

Flower lovers can grow suitable varieties of roses, chrysanthemums, asters, lilies, crocuses and other flowering species. Also, in free areas, it is worth sowing vegetable and ornamental crops for seedlings for open ground, so as not to clutter up the window sills in the house.

What should be a winter greenhouse

The greenhouse should be with a strong and stable frame, located on an elevated site or on the south side of the house (outbuilding). It is advisable to deepen the foundation by about 0.8 m and additionally insulate it from the outside. A greenhouse for winter should be well lit by the sun and have a system of protection against flooding by ground and melt water.

An example of a winter building with a foundation

In winter, trouble-free heating systems (water, electric or air), ventilation and irrigation are important (better than drip - saves water consumption). Also, you can not do without installing additional lighting devices (better than LED). It is advisable to use vertical adjustment of the position of the lamps.

In the most severe frosts, the value of the air temperature in the room should not fall below +15 ° С, and during most of the time it should be within + 20-25 ° С.

What to sow in a greenhouse for the winter

Before planting vegetables or other crops in an unheated greenhouse, you need to find out the necessary microclimate parameters in order to contain a particular plant, because the temperature in such a room is low. Conditions in a heated greenhouse vary depending on its design and equipment, and the climate of the region. After all, heating devices have a limited resource, which is also affected by the cost of energy carriers.

What can be planted in an unheated greenhouse

The positive qualities of the greenhouse are the exclusion of the negative impact of atmospheric phenomena (strong winds, precipitation). Additional insulation measures (sealing all cracks, deepening the soil, using reflective screens and dark films) improve conditions in the greenhouse in winter. Biofuels are increasingly used, building warm beds on warming mixtures based on manure or straw.

If there are no devices for artificial heating, then the negative temperature in winter, especially in the northern area, does not allow growing any plants. In an unheated greenhouse, various cold-resistant horticultural crops successfully winter, which in open ground can freeze, get wet or weaken.

Using the greenhouse for forcing and storing flower crops

During the cold season, the greenhouse can be used as follows:

• sow parsley, lettuce, celery, early carrots and beets, radishes, which are harvested in spring;
• plant onion sets for seedlings or onions on greens;
• store during the dormant period the bulbs of flower crops (hyacinths, crocuses), as well as rhizomes of dahlias, chrysanthemums, followed by their cutting;
• add saffron, iris, daffodil bulbs in February for forcing flowers;
• place two-year-old insufficiently cold-resistant plants for wintering;
• sow flower and ornamental crops - lily, begonia, gloxinia, coleus;
• sow legumes, corn, thyme closer to spring for transplanting to open areas.

Growing greens

The weather conditions must be monitored and in the event of a sharp cold snap in winter, protect the plants in the greenhouse with the available covering materials.

Planting plants in a greenhouse with heating

After harvesting the summer-autumn harvest, thorough cleaning of the soil from plant residues, applying top dressing and sanitary-preventive work, it is necessary to finally decide what is better to plant in a greenhouse in the winter. You need to know the upper limit of the temperature that is stably maintained in the greenhouse. When its value is less than +15 ° С, many plants stop developing and may die or shed fruit ovaries.

A polycarbonate greenhouse with heating can be used for breeding early-ripening varieties of vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes), getting seedlings, growing greenery or flowers (peonies, roses, dahlias) year-round.Rational use of the area will help the installation of shelving, the use of the trellis method or vertical beds.

A more costly and laborious, but interesting activity is to plant strawberries for the winter. It is worth trying the convenient way of placing the bushes in bags of soil mixture, in pipes or Dutch longline technology. It is important to stock up on high-quality seedlings that can give a good harvest, better than remontant varieties.

Winter strawberry

In a heated room, the soil does not freeze, which contributes to its disinfection from pathogens and various pests. Planting green manure plants (mustard, rye, vetch) will help improve the general condition of the soil, saturating it with useful substances and microelements, loosening and eliminating insects and weeds.

Growing cucumbers in winter

Growing cucumbers in the autumn-winter turnover, compared to other vegetable crops, is not so troublesome and costly. They are moderately demanding on temperature and its changes, and the yield of high-intensity hybrids, subject to the recommended microclimate parameters, is at least 30-35 kg / m2.

First of all, suitable hybrids are selected. These should be shade-tolerant, fairly compact early ripening varieties. The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings to obtain a winter harvest in the greenhouse should be from mid-October to mid-November. In the first 5 days, seedlings need round-the-clock supplemental lighting, then 16-18 hours.

After 2.5-3 weeks, in the presence of a developed root system and four true leaves, they are planted. The arrangement of the bushes is planned in such a way that the leaves absorb the maximum amount of available light, and do not allow shading. The average planting density is approximately 5 plants per 2 m2.

Growing greenhouse cucumber

They adhere to these basic recommendations for caring for cucumbers in winter:

• maintain the temperature during the day at least + 20-22 ° С, at night - 16-18 ° С, and the relative humidity at the level of 70-75%;
• watered regularly with water at a temperature of + 20-22 ° C;
• bushes are tied up and twisted, all side shoots are removed completely;
• to increase the fruiting period, six leaves are removed weekly, but not more than three at a time.
• the harvest is harvested daily, while making sure that the load on the lashes is not excessive.

Planting greenery in a greenhouse

Even a gardener with little experience can cope with the cultivation of unpretentious greens in a greenhouse in winter - dill or parsley. The yield of these crops is high, and labor and seed and fertilizing costs are low. They are satisfied with ordinary soil, simple care (watering, weeding) and a temperature of about + 15 ° C with a humidity of about 80%.

Growing different types of greens

Dill with parsley grows successfully together with other plants in free areas. Adequate light is required for dill. The prepared seeds are sown directly into the ground, and the crop maturity is reached in one and a half to two months. For continuous harvesting, sowing is done every two weeks.

In winter, green onions can also be planted, which for good development needs a daytime temperature within +20 ° С (at night - 12-15 ° С). Onions need fertile soil, saturated with organic matter and minerals (potassium and phosphorus). Pour cold water on the onion daily. The crop is harvested in about a month.

Heads, leafy and varietal varieties of lettuce thrive in winter indoors. The culture requires a loose soil enriched with organic matter, a temperature of about + 18-20 ° C, ensuring daylight hours within 12 hours, watering two to three times a week. Early maturing species give a harvest in three weeks.

Growing flowers for sale

Growing crops for sale

Even in a small home-made greenhouse, skillful hands can harvest a good harvest with surplus.And a modern and economical polycarbonate greenhouse makes it even more possible to grow greens, vegetables or flowers, not only for personal consumption, but also for sale.

When choosing what to plant in a greenhouse for sale in the winter, one should consider the economic feasibility of energy costs and the possibilities of a particular greenhouse structure. In the northern regions, the costs are higher, but accordingly the price of fresh products is higher.

To organize a greenhouse business, it is required to draw up planting plans and calculate the necessary costs for planting material, soil preparation and fertilization, provision of agrotechnical conditions (heating, lighting, water), and fight against diseases and pests. It is worth studying the needs of the sales market.

Growing greens

The most suitable market crops are fast maturing and expensive. The most common is the cultivation of greens (green onions, parsley, dill, lettuce, mint and basil) or seedlings (peppers, tomatoes, flowers) for sale in winter. Some people recommend planting mushrooms, indicating profitable and easy marketing.

The flower business is considered the fastest payback. Often flower products (tulips, daffodils, roses, hyacinths, crocuses) are grown for sale on February 14 and March 8.

Video: features of year-round cultivation

With a year-round operation of the greenhouse, additional efforts have to be spent not only on maintaining the optimal temperature regime, but also on supplementary lighting of plants in a winter time poor in sunlight. In order to save and facilitate the operations performed in winter, useful inventions of experienced specialists can be used.

Underground greenhouse

Projects have been developed for structures with high thermal insulation properties that do not require heating devices or with unconventional heating. For example, a thermos greenhouse or a deepening in a foundation pit up to two meters.

Particular attention is paid to the condition of the soil, since with continuous intensive agrotechnical work, its rapid depletion occurs. A modern and convenient way of growing in a greenhouse is soilless, based on a hydroponic system. At the same time, the plants feed on a special solution that contains everything necessary for full development.

Growing vegetables and greens in winter does not negate the fight against harmful insects, since the spider mite and whitefly can be active all year round. Preventive measures should be taken and lesions should be identified in a timely manner.

Video: What is planted in the greenhouse in the winter

Video: Errors when forcing tulips

Permanent greenhouse owners can get the most out of them in cold weather. It is important to correctly estimate the costs, to get acquainted with the advanced technological methods, the advice of specialists and experienced owners of household farms. A valuable winter harvest or a bright bouquet of flowers will be a reward for the work done.

A capital greenhouse made of polycarbonate allows you not to interrupt the cultivation process even in the coldest time. It is necessary to choose what can be planted in the greenhouse for the winter, based on considerations of economic feasibility, personal preferences and the ability to fully care. It is important to study the needs of the plants, recommendations for ensuring reliable operation and possible difficulties. With a competent approach and investment of certain funds, it is easy to organize even your own business.

Advantages and disadvantages of winter landing

For the winter, seeds of frost-resistant crops are planted in the open ground that can withstand the harsh climate of the cold period without damage. A positive aspect of sub-winter planting is the shift in the beginning of the growing season to an earlier time, which speeds up the possibility of harvesting by two to three weeks.

The seeds undergo stratification at a low temperature and are hardened, the seedlings are disease-resistant and strong, with powerful roots, and are less damaged by pests. The yield of such plants in a greenhouse in winter is usually much higher.

Greenhouse economy in winter

But there is always a threat of complete or partial death of seedlings if the weather is unstable with prolonged warming, contributing to their premature development. Insufficient snow cover may not cope with protective functions. It is necessary to consume more seeds during podzimny planting, since their germination rate is lower.

This can be avoided by sowing the necessary crops for seedlings or greens in the greenhouse in the fall. Even without heating the premises, plants have a chance to get some protection from strong temperature changes, flooding with melt water followed by its freezing, strong winds. With a sharp cold snap in winter, it is advisable to additionally cover the plants.

Greens in a greenhouse

Greenhouse crops at different times of the year

In the spring-summer period, polycarbonate greenhouses are used for the most capricious southern crops that are unable to ripen in the local climate, as well as for growing planting material for open ground. In winter, plants that are more adapted to the lack of light and heat can be planted, which will allow you to grow vitamin fruits or greens without damage.

Examples of plant selection

What can you plant for your family in the winter in a greenhouse? The main vegetables for all-season greenhouses are cucumbers, zucchini, and tomatoes. Eggplants and peppers are more demanding to external conditions and difficult to care for. Not every greenhouse is suitable for growing them. A variety of greens (onions, dill, parsley) are massively grown in winter, even in unheated rooms.

Unheated underground greenhouse

Before winter, you can plant popular root crops in the greenhouse - beets, radishes or carrots, but you should choose the most cold-resistant and early ripening varieties. It is advisable to fill the greenhouse with several types of plants with similar conditions.

Flower lovers can grow suitable varieties of roses, chrysanthemums, asters, lilies, crocuses and other flowering species. Also, in free areas, it is worth sowing vegetable and ornamental crops for seedlings for open ground, so as not to clutter up the window sills in the house.

What should be a winter greenhouse

The greenhouse should be with a strong and stable frame, located on an elevated site or on the south side of the house (outbuilding). It is advisable to deepen the foundation by about 0.8 m and additionally insulate it from the outside. A greenhouse for winter should be well lit by the sun and have a system of protection against flooding by ground and melt water.

An example of a winter building with a foundation

In winter, trouble-free heating systems (water, electric or air), ventilation and irrigation are important (better than drip - saves water consumption). Also, you can not do without installing additional lighting devices (better than LED). It is advisable to use vertical adjustment of the position of the lamps.

In the most severe frosts, the value of the air temperature in the room should not fall below +15 ° С, and during most of the time it should be within + 20-25 ° С.

What to sow in a greenhouse for the winter

Before planting vegetables or other crops in an unheated greenhouse, you need to find out the necessary microclimate parameters in order to contain a particular plant, because the temperature in such a room is low. Conditions in a heated greenhouse vary depending on its design and equipment, and the climate of the region. After all, heating devices have a limited resource, which is also affected by the cost of energy carriers.

What can be planted in an unheated greenhouse

The positive qualities of the greenhouse are the exclusion of the negative impact of atmospheric phenomena (strong winds, precipitation). Additional insulation measures (sealing all cracks, deepening the soil, using reflective screens and dark films) improve conditions in the greenhouse in winter. Biofuels are increasingly being used, building warm beds on hot mixtures based on manure or straw.

If there are no devices for artificial heating, then the negative temperature in winter, especially in the northern area, does not allow growing any plants. In an unheated greenhouse, various cold-resistant horticultural crops successfully winter, which in open ground can freeze, get wet or weaken.

Using the greenhouse for forcing and storing flower crops

During the cold season, the greenhouse can be used as follows:

• sow parsley, lettuce, celery, early carrots and beets, radishes, which are harvested in spring;
• plant onion sets for seedlings or onions on greens;
• store during the dormant period the bulbs of flower crops (hyacinths, crocuses), as well as rhizomes of dahlias, chrysanthemums, followed by their cutting;
• add saffron, iris, daffodil bulbs in February for forcing flowers;
• place two-year-old insufficiently cold-resistant plants for wintering;
• sow flower and ornamental crops - lily, begonia, gloxinia, coleus;
• sow legumes, corn, thyme closer to spring for transplanting to open areas.

Growing greens

The weather conditions must be monitored and in the event of a sharp cold snap in winter, protect the plants in the greenhouse with the available covering materials.

Planting plants in a greenhouse with heating

After harvesting the summer-autumn harvest, thorough cleaning of the soil from plant residues, applying top dressing and sanitary-preventive work, it is necessary to finally decide what is better to plant in the winter in a greenhouse. You need to know the upper limit of the temperature that is stably maintained in the greenhouse. When its value is less than +15 ° С, many plants stop developing and may die or shed fruit ovaries.

A polycarbonate greenhouse with heating can be used for breeding early-ripening varieties of vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes), seedlings, year-round growing of greens or flowers (peonies, roses, dahlias). Rational use of the area will help the installation of shelving, the use of the trellis method or vertical beds.

A more costly and time-consuming, but interesting activity is to plant strawberries for the winter. It is worth trying the convenient way of placing the bushes in bags of soil mixture, in pipes or Dutch longline technology. It is important to stock up on high-quality seedlings that can give a good harvest, better than remontant varieties.

Winter strawberry

In a heated room, the soil does not freeze, which contributes to its disinfection from pathogens and various pests. Planting green manure plants (mustard, rye, vetch) will help improve the general condition of the soil, saturating it with useful substances and microelements, loosening and eliminating insects and weeds.

Growing cucumbers in winter

Growing cucumbers in the autumn-winter turnover, compared to other vegetable crops, is not so troublesome and costly. They are moderately demanding on temperature and its changes, and the yield of high-intensity hybrids, subject to the recommended microclimate parameters, is at least 30-35 kg / m2.

First of all, suitable hybrids are selected. These should be shade-tolerant, fairly compact early ripening varieties. The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings to obtain a winter harvest in the greenhouse should be from mid-October to mid-November. In the first 5 days, seedlings need round-the-clock supplemental lighting, then 16-18 hours.

After 2.5-3 weeks, in the presence of a developed root system and four true leaves, they are planted. The arrangement of the bushes is planned in such a way that the leaves absorb the maximum amount of available light, and do not allow shading. The average planting density is approximately 5 plants per 2 m2.

Growing greenhouse cucumber

They adhere to these basic recommendations for caring for cucumbers in winter:

• maintain the temperature during the day at least + 20-22 ° С, at night - 16-18 ° С, and the relative humidity at the level of 70-75%;
• watered regularly with water at a temperature of + 20-22 ° C;
• bushes are tied up and twisted, all side shoots are removed completely;
• to increase the fruiting period, six leaves are removed weekly, but not more than three at a time.
• the harvest is harvested daily, while making sure that the load on the lashes is not excessive.

Planting greenery in a greenhouse

Even a gardener with little experience can cope with the cultivation of unpretentious greens in a greenhouse in winter - dill or parsley. The yield of these crops is high, and the labor and costs of seed and fertilizing are low. They are satisfied with ordinary soil, simple care (watering, weeding) and a temperature of about + 15 ° C with a humidity of about 80%.

Growing different types of greens

Dill with parsley grows successfully together with other plants in free areas. Adequate light is required for dill. The prepared seeds are sown directly into the ground, and the crop maturity is reached in one and a half to two months. For continuous harvesting, sowing is done every two weeks.

In winter, green onions can also be planted, which for good development needs a daytime temperature within +20 ° С (at night - 12-15 ° С). Onions need fertile soil, saturated with organic matter and minerals (potassium and phosphorus). Pour cold water on the onion daily. The crop is harvested in about a month.

Heads, leafy and varietal varieties of lettuce thrive in winter indoors. The culture requires a loose soil enriched with organic matter, a temperature of about + 18-20 ° C, ensuring daylight hours within 12 hours, watering two to three times a week. Early maturing species give a harvest in three weeks.

Growing flowers for sale

Growing crops for sale

Even in a small home-made greenhouse, skillful hands can harvest a good harvest with surplus. And a modern and economical polycarbonate greenhouse makes it even more possible to grow greens, vegetables or flowers, not only for personal consumption, but also for sale.

When choosing what to plant in a greenhouse for sale in the winter, one should consider the economic feasibility of energy costs and the possibilities of a particular greenhouse structure. In the northern regions, the costs are higher, but accordingly the price of fresh products is higher.

To organize a greenhouse business, it is required to draw up planting plans and calculate the necessary costs for planting material, soil preparation and fertilization, provision of agrotechnical conditions (heating, lighting, water), and fight against diseases and pests. It is worth studying the needs of the sales market.

Growing greens

The most suitable market crops are fast maturing and expensive. The most common is the cultivation of greens (green onions, parsley, dill, lettuce, mint and basil) or seedlings (peppers, tomatoes, flowers) for sale in winter. Some people recommend planting mushrooms, indicating profitable and easy marketing.

The flower business is considered the fastest payback. Often flower products (tulips, daffodils, roses, hyacinths, crocuses) are grown for sale on February 14 and March 8.

Video: features of year-round cultivation

With a year-round operation of the greenhouse, additional efforts have to be spent not only on maintaining the optimal temperature regime, but also on supplementary lighting of plants in a winter time poor in sunlight. In order to save and facilitate the operations performed in winter, useful inventions of experienced specialists can be used.

Underground greenhouse

Projects have been developed for structures with high thermal insulation properties that do not require heating devices or with unconventional heating. For example, a thermos greenhouse or a deepening in a foundation pit up to two meters.

Particular attention is paid to the condition of the soil, since with continuous intensive agrotechnical work, its rapid depletion occurs. A modern and convenient way of growing in a greenhouse is soilless, based on a hydroponic system.At the same time, the plants feed on a special solution that contains everything necessary for full development.

Growing vegetables and greens in winter does not negate the fight against harmful insects, since the spider mite and whitefly can be active all year round. Preventive measures should be taken and lesions should be identified in a timely manner.

Video: What is planted in the greenhouse in the winter

Video: Errors when forcing tulips

Permanent greenhouse owners can get the most out of them in cold weather. It is important to correctly estimate the costs, to get acquainted with the advanced technological methods, the advice of specialists and experienced owners of household farms. A valuable winter harvest or a bright bouquet of flowers will be a reward for the work done.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse - simple and effective way provide your family with valuable and healthy products. Most of the farm owners uses greenhouses and greenhouses in the spring-autumn period, extending the harvest until frost.

However, an insulated shelter equipped in accordance with all the rules helps to pick fresh vegetables even in winterwhen vitamins are especially needed. The greenhouse will allow you to earn money on growing vegetables in the cold season, when the demand for them is especially high. How to grow vegetables in a greenhouse in winter, we will consider below.

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Greenhouse requirements

How to equip a greenhouse for growing vegetables in winter? When designing a year-round greenhouse, it is important to meet all the conditions for successful plant growth: ensuring the required temperature and humidity, the amount of sunlight, the possibility of airing. At the same time, it is necessary to calculate the costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse so that they do not block the benefits of winter vegetables.

Year-round greenhouse must have a solid foundation... To provide the required height for the plants, the structure can be slightly deepened. This little trick will help you save on heating costs and not lose the natural light you need.

It is best to grow vegetables in a medium-sized greenhouse, up to 20 m long and 2.5-3 m wide... The optimal roof structure is pitched. The north wall can be laid out with cinder blocks or wooden beams, protecting the plants from the winter wind. The greenhouse should have a vestibule and double doors. Comfortable air vents.

Most often, capital greenhouses are made on a welded frame with an anti-corrosion coating. Such a foundation will stand for many years, the greenhouse will be strong and reliable. As a coating, you can use dense polyethylene or tempered industrial glass. But the most expensive and high quality material - cellular polycarbonate. It transmits light well and retains heat even in the most severe frosts.

For heating, pipes on both sides of the greenhouse are suitable. The heat source will be an electric boiler. It is possible to heat the structure with modern wood-burning stoves that save fuel.

Increasing the temperature inside the greenhouse will help and biofuel - rotted manuremixed with straw. The mixture is laid out under the top layer of soil. Biofuel is suitable for growing cucumbers, radishes and other crops that are particularly heat-demanding.

Selection of vegetables

In a winter greenhouse can grow all kinds of crops, from popular tomatoes to cabbage lettuce and herbs. Among the most popular and fruitful vegetables:

• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• radish;
• head salad;
• eggplant;
• Bell pepper;
• various varieties of cabbage;
• zucchini.

It should be borne in mind that crops have different requirements for humidity and temperature, so they need to be placed in separate greenhouses. For example, tomatoes and bell peppers require moderate moisture (no more than 60%) and frequent ventilation. Such a regime is destructive for cucumbers, which need a humid and hot atmosphere.

In the cold season, the greenhouse effect with high humidity is easier to maintain.

Therefore, many novice gardeners focus on popular and productive crops that need just this mode: cucumbers and radishes.

Choosing varieties, it is worth giving preference to hybridscultivated specifically for indoor use. These plants have a shortened growing season and do not require insect pollination. Most greenhouse varieties have good yields and pest resistance.

Seedling preparation

Some gardeners buy grown seedlings at markets and other farms. But grow your own seedlings from seed much more profitable... In addition, the process can be started at any time to ensure a year-round harvest.

It is better to grow seedlings in a separate greenhouse or in a house. Seed germination conditions are different from those to which adult plants exist. In some cases, a lower temperature or higher humidity is required. In the same greenhouse, you can place seedlings of different crops with similar requirements for agricultural technology.

If there is no opportunity to organize a greenhouse for seedlings, the seeds can be germinated on a separate rack in a common room located as close to the lamps as possible. The seeds can be germinated in peat cups, but this method is not suitable for eggplants and other crops with a weak root system. For year-round cultivation, the conveyor method is recommended.

Seeds are sown every 2 weeks, which makes it possible to get seedlings of different ages. If different crops are planted, after a year it is recommended to alternate them... Eggplant seedlings are planted in the places that were occupied by tomatoes, and cucumbers are replaced with radishes or zucchini.

This technique does not allow the soil to deplete. The first sowing can be started in January. Depending on the growing season of a particular plant, the seedlings will ready for transplant in 3-5 weeks after sowing seeds.

Soil and fertilizers

How to grow vegetables in a greenhouse all year round? Vegetables need light, not too acidic soils. For most crops, a mixture of garden soil, sand and peat is suitable.

Before laying in the greenhouse the soil needs to be calcined or disinfected using an aqueous solution of copper sulfate. Such treatment kills harmful microorganisms and insect larvae.

After processing, ash or a complex of mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil. The mixture is thoroughly loosened and distributed over the ridges. In the greenhouse, both ground and rack cultivation can be organized. The racks are suitable for radishes, head lettuce and other small crops. Some vegetable growers successfully grow tomatoes and zucchini on shelves.

Indoor ground is quickly depleted, so the plants in the greenhouse need to be constantly fertilized. Rotted compost or complex mineral fertilizers are added to the soil. This treatment is repeated every 2 weeks, before feeding the soil must be loosened and weeds removed. During the period of active growth of seedlings, special attention should be paid to nitrogen fertilization, from time to time the plants can nourish with medicinal preparations.

Care features

In winter, you need to maintain an average daily temperature of 18 to 22 degrees. Overheating has a bad effect on tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers, and a cold snap can have a detrimental effect on radishes and cucumbers. On frosty days, greenhouses are not ventilated, when the outside temperature rises, the vents need to be opened 1-2 times a day.

Vegetables in the greenhouse watered 2-3 times a weekwhen the soil dries up a little. It is advisable to use water at the same temperature as the air in the greenhouse. Cold water can cause shock and slow plant development.

As the plant grows, it is necessary to tie up the stems. Cucumbers need special supports to be mounted on the roof of the greenhouse. With their help, the stems of plants can be directed in the right direction, which is especially convenient for rack cultivation.

With the onset of fruit formation it is recommended to remove the lower leaves on the stems. Excessive green mass interferes with fruit development. In addition, this technique will improve air exchange and access to sunlight, plants will not be affected by pests and fungi.

In the greenhouse it is important to maintain the atmospherefavorable for plants. The humidity level will help increase watering of heating pipes and floor with water, as well as placing open tanks in the room. For the successful ripening of tomatoes in the greenhouse, you can put tanks with an aqueous solution of mullein. Good increase moisture and hot water barrels, moreover, they additionally heat the room.

With conveyor cultivation, harvesting takes place all year round. In early summer and late autumn, preventive treatment of premises with partial replacement of soil and thorough washing of all surfaces is recommended. After airing and fertilizing, a new stage of planting begins.

Success growing vegetables in a greenhouse in winter, depends on the region... The most profitable option is to use greenhouses in temperate and climates. Regions with short summers and long frosty in winter will require high heating costs.

In such an area, it is more advisable to extend the summer period until the end of October and practice early planting in heated soil. Using correctly selected varieties of vegetable crops, you can achieve a good harvest.

Simple innovations in the design of greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round, in the video below:

In a small dacha or a large local area there is always a place for a greenhouse, which can be used almost all year round, including the greenhouse off-season, to grow fresh herbs for the dining table.

In winter, in heated greenhouses in cold regions and unheated ones in the south, you can grow dill, parsley, salads, celery, and onions. Greens and onions, as a rule, belong to early ripening vegetables with a short growing season, which allows you to harvest several crops during the autumn-winter season and constantly have greens on the table.

Greenhouse grown in winter

Preparation for growing greenery in a greenhouse

You can grow greens in the autumn-winter period in 2 ways:

• using the main area. But this is not always desirable. Especially if the soil has already been prepared for the main greenhouse crops;
• on the additional area created by the racks for placing boxes and other containers for greenery. This is the easiest and cheapest option and is a win-win for beginners.

Preparation for growing greenery in greenhouses:

• Knock down the racks (or 1 rack),
• Purchase boxes and other containers,
• Prepare the soil mixture and fill the container, sign for which crop,
• Enter in the garden diary a list and agrotechnical requirements for the culture,
• Purchase the required seeds.

That is, perhaps, all the preparatory work. With the acquisition of practical experience, you can introduce other crops, except for dill, parsley, onions on a feather. The result will be a rack culture rotation, and even compacted. Try it and you will definitely succeed.

Features of growing vegetable greens in winter

For winter cultivation, crops are usually selected that are unpretentious to care, do not require special temperature and light conditions. A short growing season allows for several harvests during the winter season.

An important role in winter cultivation is given to the location of the crop. So, dill tolerates shading and therefore it can be placed in a greenhouse in low-light places, the salad is so unpretentious that it grows in any conditions, and parsley requires lighting and a certain thermal regime.

Growing onions on a feather

Onions on a feather are the most popular crop in winter.The specific taste perfectly complements any dish, but also helps to strengthen the immune system, contains a huge list of vitamins necessary for the body.

For cultivation in a greenhouse, the following varieties can be recommended: Bessonovsky, Karatalsky, Arzamas, Strigunovsky, Rostov onions (early maturing). For forcing, bows are used that do not have a dormant period and after harvesting, are ready for the formation of new crops (multi-tiered, slug), as well as species with a very short rest period - chives and batun onions.

Preparatory work

So, from boxes and other containers on the shelves, a prefabricated plot has been prepared, convenient in that it is always possible to transfer crops and place them next to the desired neighbor. Under the onion, prepare a simple soil mixture of garden soil and peat or other loosening material. We spread the film to the bottom, pierce several holes (in case of waterlogging) and fill 2/3 with the prepared substrate.

Sprinkle and mix nitrogen fertilizer with the top layer of the soil substrate. Since onions for feathers and harvesting are scheduled in a short time (modified forcing method), the dose of mineral fertilizers should not exceed 10 g / sq. m of the total area of ​​boxes. If the soil is depleted in nutrients, we fertilize the prepared soil with 15-20 g of nitroammofoska per sq. m. Water the soil with a warm solution of trichodermine or planriz from fungal diseases and leave the soil to ripen.

Preparing and planting bulbs

• The bulbs left for winter forcing are calibrated by size. It is advisable to occupy a separate box with one-size planting material. The most acceptable turnip is 3-5 cm in diameter.
• We cut off the neck of the bulb with a pruner, even if it is germinated. Reception helps to interrupt the dormant period in this culture.
• Pour the prepared onion into separate bags or knots made of gauze or other thinned material and lower it for 10-15 minutes in water heated to +40 .. + 45 ° С. You can immediately use a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate.
• We immediately plant the processed bulbs in a prepared container and place them on the shelves or racks of the greenhouse.
• We plant the turnip at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from each other. The distance between the rows of bulbs is at least 2-3 cm. The heads are buried 1/3 into the ground.

Covering material as additional protection against frost in the greenhouse

Greenhouse onion care

Onion care includes watering, feeding, regulation of temperature and light conditions.

Watering

During forcing, the onion is watered 2 times. After planting, a plentiful rate until wet. The second - after 1.5-2.0 weeks, with a fine-mesh watering can with warm water at room temperature. The watering rate correlates with the soil condition (the more drying, the higher the watering rate). The week before the mass cutting, the onion is watered for the last time. If the onion is used gradually (if necessary), then the soil is kept moist (not wet).

Top dressing

If the soil is fertile enough, then it is undesirable to feed the culture. On depleted soils, top dressing is carried out 1 time with a solution of nitrophoska (10-15 g / 10 l of water) or ammonium nitrate (15-20 g / 10 l of water) 2 weeks after planting. For feeding, you can use a solution of a mixture of 20 g of water-soluble superphosphate and potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Mix the solutions thoroughly and pour from a fine-mesh watering can. The fertilizer solution must always be washed off the leaf surface with clean water. You can sprinkle the soil with wood ash - a source of micro- and macroelements in an accessible form.

Temperature regime

For closed ground, it is very important to maintain the temperature regime of the air within the range of +10 .. + 15ºС.

If you fence off a separate compartment in the greenhouse and raise the daytime air temperature to +18 .. + 20 ° С, and reduce the night temperature to +12 .. + 15 ° С, you can get a green feather in 25-30 days.

With a strong unwanted growth of greenery, the air temperature is reduced to +10 .. + 12 ° C. At the same time, the growth and yield of bulbous greens is reduced.

Lighting for onions in the greenhouse

Onions grow and develop normally in natural greenhouse light, but leaves are pale green in color. Additional lighting increases the elasticity of the leaves and the intensity of their color. In case of rack cultivation, to save light energy, only the lower racks with excessive shading can be illuminated. Phytolamps are usually used for lighting in greenhouses.

Greenhouse-grown lettuce under cover material

Harvest

Onion feathers can be cut as needed when they reach 15-20 cm.

Growing dill in a greenhouse

To prolong the production of dill greens, sowing it in the allotted area is carried out in several stages with a gap of 10-12 days or used as a compactor for onions (changing the planting pattern of bulbs) lettuce, Chinese cabbage and other crops.

Dill seed preparation

For accelerated production of greens, dill is sown with sprouted seeds. To do this, 3-4 days before sowing, we wrap the seeds in double gauze. Soak in water at 40-50 ° C. This technique is necessary to remove essential oils from the surface of the seeds, which will accelerate the emergence of seedlings and a more friendly growth of seedlings. During soaking, we change the water once a day, and thoroughly rinse the seeds under running water. At the end of the 3rd day, spread the glued seeds on a dry cloth to dry.

Greenhouse dill varieties

It is most rational to grow early maturing varieties in a greenhouse for distillation for a family.

• Aurora (cutting greenery on the 25th day from germination),
• Gribovsky (cutting greens on the 30th day from germination),
• Distant (cut on day 38 from germination).

They form fragrant juicy greens within a month, which must be removed immediately, since then without interruption the plants move to flowering.

Rack in a greenhouse for winter growing greenery

Preparing the soil for dill

Dill is undemanding to the soil, therefore, as a compactor, it grows normally and develops in the substrate of the main crop. When grown separately, forcing dill is sown in a separate container - a container or box. We mix the soil with peat, humus, biohumus, sand, any other baking powder to increase water and air permeability. In heavy, dense soils, the roots of dill begin to rot, the plant becomes ill with powdery mildew, treatment with drugs is not recommended.

Further soil preparation, as well as for onions. Add to the substrate by 1 sq. m of the area of ​​boxes of 20 g of urea and 15 g of potassium sulfate, can be replaced with wood ash. Mix thoroughly with the soil and water. The soil under the dill should be constantly loose, for more oxygen access.

Sowing dill

In the prepared moist soil, after 12-15 cm, we make grooves with a depth of 2 cm. We sow seeds line by line and sprinkle with a small layer of soil. Most often, a one-line sowing pattern is used, but you can sow in a belt method in 3-5 lines. In this case, the distance between the grooves in the tape is 8-12 cm, and between the tapes is 15-20 cm.

Moisturizing

For dill, constant soil moisture is optimal (without excessive moisture, since the greens will be watery, they can get sick). Before germination, the soil is moistened daily from a sprayer. With the emergence of seedlings, the seedlings are watered every 5-7 days with a moderate rate of water when the top layer of the soil dries up.

Top dressing

Top dressing is carried out twice before the first cut: nitrofoskoy 15-20 g / sq. m. area of ​​boxes or a solution of fertilizers used when sowing seeds. After a large cut on the greens, the remaining 5-10 cm of "hemp" is fed with an ammonia solution of 10-15 g / 10 l of water. If the cutting is done selectively (for the family), then no additional fertilizing is carried out on the greens until the final harvest.

Temperature and light conditions

Dill is a fairly cold-resistant culture, therefore, the air temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 15..18 ° C without drafts. It can be placed closer to the doors. Dill is so unpretentious that it can endure cultivation in shaded areas.When growing in boxes on racks, we additionally illuminate with phytolamps only the lower racks, where the highest shading of plants is observed.

Harvest

For the bushes to be leafy, dill needs a sufficient area for nutrition. Therefore, at a height of 10 cm, we thin out the culture, carefully pulling out the plants by the roots or pinching off at the soil level. Plugged plants can be transplanted or used for food.

Greens in the greenhouse

Growing parsley in a greenhouse

Preparing parsley seeds

Parsley has a very long pre-emergence period, which, depending on the variety and growing conditions, is about 45 days. To shorten the pre-emergence period, it is better to sow parsley with germinated seeds. To do this, before sowing, the seeds are kept for 5 days in a moist two-layer gauze.

Sprouted seeds are transferred to a room with a temperature of + 1 ° C for 10 days. When sowing, such seeds germinate on days 15-17 and form an aboveground mass 3 times faster than with conventional sowing.

Sowing parsley

Divide the prepared substrate into furrows every 10 cm, 2 cm deep. Evenly after 4-5 cm, place the seeds in the furrows and cover them with soil, smoothing them with your hand.

After sowing, we moisten the soil through a sprayer so as not to wash the seeds out of the substrate. The air temperature is maintained within +12 .. + 18 ° С not higher. At + 20 ° C, parsley leaves wither from overheating.

Greenhouse parsley care

If the seedlings are dense, we carry out thinning, leaving the distance between the seedlings at least 5 cm.

We water the parsley when the top layer dries out, since the plants do not tolerate high humidity well.

Until the rows close, we loosen the soil and destroy the weeds. Top dressing cannot be carried out.

For home use, the aboveground mass with a height of 10-12 cm can be cut into greenery.

After the first cut, we feed the remaining "hemp" of parsley with a solution of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers at the rate of 7-10 g / 10 l of warm water. During the cold period in the greenhouse, you can harvest a 5-fold harvest of parsley, supplying the family with fortified greens throughout the winter.

What's next?

For novice gardeners, it will be a good practice and help to grow 2-3 green crops in a greenhouse that do not require complex care. Experienced greenhouses can grow a wider list of early ripening crops with a short growing season in a greenhouse over the winter, using them as the main and sealant: salads (leafy, cabbage, crass salad), radishes of different varieties, rhubarb and other crops.

Growing vegetables, berries, herbs and even mushrooms in a greenhouse in winter is a great idea! If you follow the simple rules for installing and equipping the premises, as well as planting and growing certain crops, you can get several harvests a year.

We have already talked about how to equip a full-fledged winter greenhouse on the site. They also talked about how to choose the right heating system to maintain a stable temperature in the greenhouse during the cold months. Today we will help you decide what exactly can be grown in winter from our familiar garden crops.

Growing greens in a greenhouse in winter

In the coldest and darkest time of the year, the body needs energy more than ever. Of course, you can go to the supermarket for green vitamins, but why not try to grow much tastier and healthier fresh greens yourself? It's not difficult at all!

The growing season is short (a guarantee of several harvests at once in the autumn-winter season), and the greens are quite resistant to temperature extremes (you don't even need round-the-clock heating in the greenhouse).

Basically, greens in greenhouses are grown not on the main area, but on shelves, saving space. With a competent approach to the process, you will not only provide your household with vitamins, but you will also be able to make money on the sale of early greens.

• Early greens for sale - learning to grow

  Selling greens should be vibrant, healthy, and inexpensive.You will be glad to know that this is possible and will take a minimum of time.

Most often in a greenhouse in winter they cultivate:

Bow on feather

For forcing onions on a feather, species are used with a very short dormant period or none at all (they are ready to form a new harvest immediately after harvesting) - multi-tiered, batun, chives, slugs.

Onions are suitable for an ordinary soil mixture of peat and garden soil, fed with nitrogen fertilizer. The bulbs are cut by the shoulders and soaked for 15 minutes in heated water, after which they are immediately planted in prepared boxes with soil close to each other and watered abundantly.

For the first week, it is desirable to maintain the temperature in the range of 10-15 ° C, then the daily rate is raised to 18-20 ° C. Watering is carried out as the soil dries up. Onions will drive out feathers in natural light, but they will turn out brighter and denser when illuminated with phytolamps.

Feathers are cut as needed - under good conditions, you will take off the first crop in 25-30 days.

Salad

Another unpretentious plant for a winter greenhouse is lettuce. Without much effort on your part (moderate watering, minimal lighting, temperature about 15 ° C), you can harvest its crop every three weeks. Watercress is the most suitable for this kind of cultivation.

Rhubarb, chicory salad, Swiss chard and asparagus will also delight you with fresh greens in winter. At the same time, they do not even need a lot of light - containers with rhizomes sprinkled with moist earth can be kept in the lowest, dimly lit areas of the greenhouse. The crop is harvested by cutting off the peripheral large leaves and leaving the young to grow.

Dill

Dill is also a fairly cold and shade-resistant crop, undemanding to soil and suitable for winter cultivation in a greenhouse. It is more rational to use early-ripening varieties for forcing (Aurora, Redoubt, Gribovsky, Grenadier, Dalny, etc.), and sowing already germinated seeds into prepared grooves about 2 cm deep.

Dill can be planted on its own or as a sealant for onions or lettuce. For him, a loose, well-moistened soil is desirable, a temperature of at least 15 ° C and a complete absence of drafts are important. Before germination, moisten the soil daily from a sprayer, and then water the seedlings every 5-7 days when the top layer of the soil dries out. If you see excessive thickening of the area, carefully thin out the plantings.

You can get the first harvest of dill in a month or two after sowing the seeds. After a particularly abundant cut, you can feed the remaining bushes with a solution of ammonium nitrate (10 g per 10 liters of water).

Parsley

This is the most capricious of all winter greenhouse inhabitants, requiring good lighting and a certain thermal regime. Of the two possible ways to grow parsley (from root crops or from seeds), we advise you to choose seed - so there will be less worries.

Like dill, parsley in a greenhouse should be grown from prepared, hardened and germinated seeds - this way you will shorten the pre-emergence period, which may otherwise drag on for a month and a half.

Parsley seeds are sown in grooves about 2 cm deep and lightly sprinkled with soil. After that, the sown area is well moistened with a spray bottle.

In the process of growth, parsley needs a temperature in the range of 12-18 ° C (at higher values, the leaves will turn yellow and wither en masse). Also, do not allow waterlogging - watering is carried out only after the topsoil dries up.

Dense seedlings should be thinned out, before the rows close - regularly loosen and remove weeds.

As soon as the plants have reached a height of 10-15 cm, the first harvest can be taken. As in the previous case, if you removed too much greenery, it is worth feeding the remaining hemp with a urea solution (a tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Growing seedlings of vegetables in a winter greenhouse

But for growing seedlings of vegetables, your greenhouse must already be equipped with full-fledged heating.

Of course, if your needs for vegetables are small, then a couple of boxes of seedlings can be placed at home on the windowsill. However, if the volumes of vegetables grown are close to industrial ones (for example, you are selling them), you will definitely not have enough space in the apartment - a greenhouse will come to the rescue.

Only self-pollinating plants are suitable for winter cultivation in a greenhouse!

Growing garden crops in a winter greenhouse differs from their cultivation in the open field, so it is important to observe some nuances.

Tomatoes

Tomatoes can be planted on seedlings from the beginning of December.

Seeds are sown in boxes with prepared soil, watered with sprinkling and kept under polyethylene until germination (about 5-8 days).

Tomato seedlings need regular watering with warm water and mandatory additional lighting - the first three days continuously, after 12-14 hours.

The optimum air temperature for growing tomatoes: 24-26 ° С during the day and about 15 ° С at night. After the emergence of seedlings for 4-5 days, they are "hardened" - the daytime temperature is temporarily reduced to 15-20 ° C, after which they return to the original regime.

The picking of tomato seedlings is carried out in the phase of cotyledons. After two weeks, it is worth feeding the plants with complex mineral fertilizer (1 tsp for 5 liters of water). After another 2-3 weeks, fertilize again (0.5 tsp superphosphate + 0.5 tsp potassium sulfate per 5 l of water).

Growing plants in pots are moved from time to time so that the leaves of neighbors do not shade each other.

In February, tomato seedlings can be planted in the beds, remembering to tie the stems vertically. Watering is carried out at the root, stepchildren are removed. When the plant reaches a height of one and a half meters, the top is pinched to it and the leaves growing below the formed fruits are cut off.

Cucumbers

Starting from the first days of January, in the winter greenhouse, you can already plant cucumbers for seedlings.

• Overview of greenhouses for cucumbers (with photos)

  The choice of a greenhouse for cucumbers depends on several factors, primarily on the climate in the region. What is the difference between different types?

Sprouted cucumber seeds are sown in pots (ideally peat ones) with prepared uniformly moistened soil and covered with a film until shoots appear (about 5-6 days). Additional lighting is performed 10-12 hours a day.

A suitable temperature for growing cucumber seedlings is about 23 ° C during the day and 17-18 ° C at night. After the emergence of seedlings, they are "hardened" in the above-described way, for several days lowering the daytime temperature to 15-20 ° C, and then increasing it to its former level.

Top dressing of cucumbers is also done twice - with a complex mineral fertilizer with the formation of two true leaves (1 tsp for 5 l of water) and 10 days after that with a mixture of 20 g of potassium nitrate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate and 40 g of superphosphate (all this is on 10 liters of water).

Seedlings are planted in beds in February with a distance between plants of about 40 cm (planting depth - up to cotyledons or the first pair of true leaves) and tied to a trellis. Watering is necessary regular, moderate, the soil should be loose.

If you grow several crops in a winter greenhouse, make sure that tomatoes and cucumbers are not neighbors, they really do not like this.

Eggplant

Eggplants are planted for seedlings in a winter greenhouse at the very beginning of February.

Eggplant seeds are sown in boxes with prepared soil, watered with sprinkling and kept under the covering material until shoots appear (about 10-14 days). Eggplants are illuminated for about 12 hours a day.

Before the emergence of seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 20-25 ° C during the day and about 12-15 ° C at night. After emergence, they are hardened as described above. The humidity in the room is maintained within the range of 75-85%.

Instead of picking, eggplants in the phase of 1-2 true leaves are transferred into larger containers, trying not to damage the roots.Then the plants should be fed - 10-15 days after transshipment and then every two weeks (mineral fertilizers alternate with organic matter, the type of fertilizer is the same as for cucumbers).

The term for planting mature eggplant plants in the beds is April. They need regular watering and loosening of the soil. The main stem of the plant must be tied to a trellis, and the top must be pinched.

Bell pepper

Peppers, like eggplants, are planted for seedlings in a winter greenhouse in early February.

Pepper seeds are sown in containers with prepared soil, watered with sprinkling and kept under a film until shoots appear (about 3-6 days). Additional lighting is provided 10-12 hours a day.

Before the plants hatch, the air temperature is maintained at 22-26 ° C during the day and about 15-18 ° C at night. After emergence, they are hardened and watered as described above.

Just like eggplants, bell peppers do not dive, but are transferred together with a lump of earth so that the leaf remains above the surface at a height of at least 1 cm. After that, fertilizing (with fertilizers similar to those used for cucumbers) is carried out twice - through 2-3 weeks after transshipment and when 4-5 leaves appear.

Pepper plants are planted in the ground in April. Further care consists in timely watering (make sure that water does not fall on the leaves) and loosening the soil, as well as the introduction of mineral fertilizers 1-2 times a month.

Of course, these are not all crops that can be grown in a winter greenhouse. Zucchini, potatoes, carrots, radishes, strawberries, raspberries and even grapes with melons are also suitable for this. However, to begin with, we advise you not to set out on grandiose plans, but to master more unpretentious and less labor-intensive crops.