Apple tree best varieties

Those varieties of apple trees that were popular with our grandparents are gradually becoming a thing of the past. Nowadays you rarely see in the gardens Grushovka Moskovskaya, Korobovka, Aport, Borovinka, Kitaika Zolotaya early, and even Antonovka is gradually losing ground. Despite the pleasant taste and other advantages, these varieties are in many ways inferior to those that have been bred over the past few years.

Varieties with which it's time to say goodbye

New varieties of apple trees with improved characteristics of yield, winter hardiness and resistance to the most common diseases appear in the State Register every year. Some of the currently popular varieties of apple trees are distinguished by absolute immunity to scab, others are valued for their excellent keeping quality and shelf life, while others attract with their beautiful appearance and wonderful dessert taste.

It is not at all necessary to plant in your garden exclusively seedlings of those varieties that have proven themselves well twenty or thirty years ago. Try to replace them with new varieties that domestic gardeners have already fallen in love with. It is unlikely that this choice will disappoint you!

Video about apple varieties

How to deal with various diseases of apple trees from year to year, worry about how the trees will survive the winter, and unsuccessfully try to increase the yield, isn't it better to get rid of old varieties? Let's figure out which apple trees you can refuse without regret.

For example, in an old variety Cinnamon striped the apples, although tasty, are not very attractive in appearance, and the yields are not high enough. And apple varieties Autumn striped grow too large, start bearing fruit late and are poorly drought tolerant. Instead of these varieties, it is better to plant the Orlovskoe striped variety with mouth-watering tasty apples and good yield, or Cinnamon new - a variety that starts bearing early, productive and is immune to scab.

Canadian Quinty is not winter-hardy and scab resistant

Quinty and Folding - summer varieties of apple trees, which are also not very suitable for cultivation. Canadian Quinti is not winter-hardy and resistant to scab, Papirovka does not bear fruit every year, besides, apples are very sour, becoming tasteless when overripe, and do not tolerate transportation well. Gardeners preferred Canadian Melba with delicious fruits to these varieties.And the new varieties Early Aloe and Orlinka are not only high-yielding and fast-growing, but in addition surpass Melba in winter hardiness.

From winter-hardy varieties, you can say goodbye to North synap, giving not particularly tasty fruits, with Pepin with saffron, prone to frequent scab damage, as well as with a variety Memory of Michurin, from which it is difficult to wait for a good harvest. Antonovka ordinary with all its positive qualities, it disappoints gardeners with irregular fruiting, short shelf life of apples and the manifestation of "sunburn" on the fruits during storage. Antonovka has no analogues in terms of fruit taste, but its yield and ripening times can be replaced by such varieties as Legenda, Cinnamon new, Brusnichnoe, Marat Busurin.

Apple variety "Antonovka ordinary"

The best apple varieties bred in recent years

Through the efforts of breeders, genes for apple tree resistance to the most dangerous diseases and genes for dwarfism were identified - something that was missing in the old varieties of apple trees. So, now in the world there are more than 150 varieties that are immune to scab, which means that they do not require treatment with fungicides.

Among the new varieties of apple trees, the following are distinguished by the best characteristics: Liberty, Golden Resistant, Baritone, Enterprise, Ligol, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Lovely Red, Green Blues, Askolda, Williams Pride, Champion, Capital Red, Radogost, Bullfinch. Most of the listed varieties have already become widespread abroad, but in our country they are only gaining popularity.

Video about early summer varieties of apple trees

We present to your attention a brief description of apple varieties that have already earned the love of Russian gardeners:

• The apple variety Medunitsa has become a real find for those who like sweet apples with a honey flavor. Their taste is most pronounced immediately after removal from the branch; fruits can be stored in the refrigerator until January. Fruiting of apple trees begins already in the fourth year, the yields are plentiful, regular, but with age they become periodic. The Medunitsa variety is immune to rot and scab.
• The Legend apple variety has a sweet, candy taste. Quite large conical fruits of dark red color have an attractive presentation and the same size. With proper care, the productivity of apple trees is very high, fruiting is annual. Winter hardiness and disease resistance are about the same as that of the best traditional varieties.
• Summer variety Mantet is valued for its early maturity, winter hardiness and good (albeit periodic) yield. Apples begin to ripen from the end of July, they are recommended to be consumed within a month. The pulp of the fruit is very juicy, aromatic, tender, sweetish with sourness. The Mantet variety is unstable to powdery mildew, but it is resistant to scab.
• Until March, the fruits of the Orlik variety, a winter variety of apple trees that ripen by mid-September, can be stored (you can see the photo in the tab to the article). The yellow fruits, covered with a solid red blush, have a harmonious sweet-sour dessert taste and a bright aroma. The winter hardiness of apple trees is sufficient, the resistance to scab is average.

Apple variety "Orlik"

• The late winter apple variety Bogatyr is famous for its high yields. Its large fruits with a pink blush are very aromatic and tasty - their sweetness is successfully complemented by a slight sourness. Fruiting begins in the fifth year after planting.

Particularly noteworthy are the varieties of apple trees included in the State Register that are absolutely resistant to scab: Solnyshko, Imrus, Bolotovskoe, Jubilee of Moscow, Orlovskoe Polesye, Freshness, Kandil Orlovsky, Start, Zdorov'e, Rozhdestvenskoe.

Most of the orchard of most summer residents and gardeners are apple trees. They grow best in mild climates. Despite this, they can be grown in less favorable weather. The most common are the winter varieties of apple trees.

Among the advantageous properties, resistance to low temperature conditions and, of course, a rather long period of storage of fruits are noted. Depending on the variety type, a person can enjoy fresh fruits all winter, from about 4 to 8 months they do not lose their qualities. The maximum border in this regard is the beginning of July. At this time, the early species of this fruit are already ripening. In other words - growing early and late apples, you can eat them all year round. But you should definitely adhere to the appropriate storage rules and temperature conditions. It is noteworthy that during storage, fruits do not lose their taste properties, as well as the level of starch and protopectin (a substance that allows you to establish the functionality of the body by removing toxins and harmful compounds).

Since the birthplace of this tree is a temperate zone, the largest apple-producing countries are located in this climatic zone (Germany, France, Ukraine, Italy, Russia, England, Poland, as well as the USA and China). It is here that the best winter varieties of apple trees are bred and rich harvests are collected.

Winter varieties of apple trees with photos and descriptions

Almost all varieties of winter apple trees (see photo with the name) have an excellent aroma, and it can be preserved for a long time. The peel of all winter-hardy fruits is much thicker than that of early and mid-early fruits. This also applies to the pulp - it is harder. These features provide resistance to damage, prevent decay processes, which means that the quality of the fruit is ensured even during long-term storage.

It should be noted that winter varieties of apple trees (reviews of experienced summer residents confirm this) are not always suitable for human consumption, if they are only plucked from the tree. Fruits do not yet have such a rich taste, and many of them can be sour. The period of full ripening occurs after about 4-7 weeks, the fruit should lie down well.

The hardy species of these fruit trees are classified into three categories:

1. Early winter... The approximate shelf life dates back to the end of February (Pepin Saffron, Uelsi, Winner, Antonovka ordinary, Winter gold Parmen).
2. Average winter... You can eat the fruits until the beginning of May (Aport, Lobo, Anis Seryi, Antonovka dessert, Ranet, Sinap Orlovsky, Mirnoe, Kortland).
3. Late winter... In terms of shelf life, they are the most stable, they can lie until early July (North Sinap, Mantuan, Renet Orleans, Sary Sinap).

The best winter varieties of apple trees for the Middle Lane:

• Jonathan... This is an American selection known to gardeners as Winter Red. A scarlet blush covers the fruits of medium-sized trees almost completely closer to harvest. Jonathan apples are delicious. After planting a young tree in the soil, a bountiful harvest can be expected in four years. Such winter varieties of apple tree seedlings do not exceed 3-3.5 m in height. On average, the fruits have about one and a half hundred grams of weight. The approximate shelf life is 160 days.
• Semerenko... One of the best varieties of winter-hardy apple trees of Ukrainian selection. Named after its creator, breeder L.P. Semerenko. The main property is the preservation of taste and original aroma even after long-term storage. The deadline is 6 months. At the end of this period, the apples may lose their shape slightly and become a little sluggish. As for the yield, summer residents harvest on average from 60 to 100 kg. fruit from the apple tree. Winter varieties are in great demand in Ukraine. Fruit color is rich green. It is preserved throughout the entire ripening period. During storage, the fruit may acquire a mild yellowish tint. The shape of the apples themselves is round, slightly flattened at the poles.
• Antaeus... Belongs to the category of late winter varieties of apple trees. Belarus is the birthplace of Anthei. The description says that trees can tolerate fairly low temperatures.The fruits are juicy and have an incomparable taste. During the growing season, they change their color from bright green to burgundy. A notable feature is the presence of a waxy coating on the skin of the fruit, which gives it a slightly bluish tone. Antey apples are fully ripe 8 weeks after harvesting. An adult tree does not exceed 2.5 m in height. It is very convenient to pick weighty fruits (about 0.2 kg. Each) from a tree. When stored properly, the fruit can be eaten until mid-summer.
• Winter Beauty... This is the result of the work of Russian breeders (the authorship belongs to the amateur breeder Kamendzhrovsky E.M.). Fine fruits have a rich taste and mild aroma. In large fruits, which can reach from 180 to 400 gr. weight, the best qualities of two varieties are combined - this is Red Delicious and the favorite of many gardeners, Antonovka ordinary. It was on their basis that a wonderful variety of apple trees, Winter Beauty, was created. The description of these winter-hardy apples characterizes it on the positive side. They are endowed with excellent properties and have a dessert taste, have a long shelf life, and are very resistant to winter cold. The fruits have a bright green color, which then acquire a delicate yellow tint. The apples are rounded with a slightly elongated bottom. This variety thrives best in the Northwest and Central regions.
• Mac... We can say that this is the most unique variety of winter apple trees. Red fruits in the form of a balloon ripen, practically, earlier than all winter-hardy varieties. This is the result of the work of Canadian breeders. Macintosh has an unsurpassed taste that can be fully enjoyed no earlier than a month after harvesting the fruit. The trees are quite tall - 3.5-4.5 m. The average weight of the fruit is about one and a half hundred grams.
• Antonovka... The most popular apple tree. Winter resistant varieties like this one do not have such a bright zest that Antonovka has - a sour taste that only emphasizes its unsurpassed taste. The apples are very aromatic, tasty and bright. It is impossible to confuse them with any other species. Its fruits are yellowish-creamy. They are quite weighty (200-300 g). Among the advantageous properties, it should be noted excellent frost-resistant characteristics and a long shelf life.
• Winter lungwort... Belongs to the autumn-winter varieties of apple trees with an average ripening period. Young seedlings can produce crops as early as 4 years after rooting in the main soil. Fruits are harvested at the beginning of October. Up to one centner of ripe fruit can be harvested from one mature tree. Apples are stored until early March. The apple variety Winter Medunitsa tolerates frost very well. An insignificant disadvantage can be considered a slight loss of taste at the end of the scheduled storage period. The taste of ripe and matured (about 5 weeks) apples can be described as fresh sweet with medium juiciness.
• Bogatyr... One of the most versatile winter varieties of apple trees. For Siberia, for the Urals and for the entire Middle Belt, there is no better option. It belongs to the late winter category and is one of the most popular among summer residents and gardeners. The Bogatyr sapling can withstand very low temperatures, so it is suitable even for northern latitudes. The shade of strong, firm and aromatic fruits is light green. Ripe apples may develop a slight red blush. Fruiting very early. Harvesting can be done at the end of September. The fruits have an average weight of 0.2 kg. Mature trees are slightly taller than a person, which ensures an unhindered and high-quality harvest of ripe apples. The taste of the fruit is predominantly sweet, a slight sourness is felt.

The best varieties of winter apple trees are also:

The best winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region

Experienced gardeners of the Moscow regions allocate about 50% of the garden area for winter-hardy varieties of apple trees. This is due to the special climatic conditions of this region. The criteria for choosing winter varieties of apple trees for the Moscow region are characterized by the endowment of such qualities as disease resistance, fruiting period, frost resistance, and yield. In this regard, some of the best apple trees are:

Also, special emphasis is placed on the columnar shape, especially in those areas, the area of ​​which is limited. As a rule, the columnar shape can be grafted into any variety. This is done by grafting cuttings of any compatible variety. The best winter varieties of columnar apple trees for the Moscow region with a photo:

The latest varieties of winter apple trees

No matter how good the classic and popular varieties of winter-hardy apple trees are, summer residents and gardeners are looking for new items. Breeding work does not stop. The result of the work of agricultural enterprises and private gardeners is new products that are rapidly gaining popularity and are being successfully grown. These are the latest varieties of winter apple trees:

In addition to these new products, there are the following varieties of winter-hardy apple trees: Toshiro Fuji (China), Evelina (Russia), Beni Shogun (USA), Rubinette-Katerina (Ukraine).

If we talk about practical tips for choosing a fruit tree for growing in your garden, then in addition to studying theoretical material, you need to independently evaluate the taste of apples and determine whether they match your preferences.

Among the many varieties of apple trees, the gardener will find a fruit tree that meets the needs of an amateur or professional in its characteristics. Breeding work on the breeding of new clones and adaptation of the known ones are carried out in all countries of the Northern Hemisphere. The result is trees with new protective genes and other changes in the structure and fruiting of the apple tree. Let's try to present well-known and diverse varieties of apple trees with photos.

Classification of varieties by traits

In order to determine which seedling your garden needs, you need to know the features of the area. This concept includes:

• what frosts are typical for the area in winter, and how long they last;
• whether there is a prolonged warming with a sharp cold snap in the middle of winter;
• how deep the layer with groundwater lies in the area where the garden grows;
• when stable warm weather sets in;
• how many days the period of positive temperatures lasts during the growing season.

These inputs are used to select an apple variety for long-term cultivation, as well as to choose the taste of the fruit and the storage time.

When laying a garden from any fruit plants, you need to select zoned varieties - recommended for cultivation in this region.

First of all, it is necessary to select varieties that are suitable for winter hardiness. Those apple trees that develop well in central Russia are unsuitable for Eastern Siberia. If at a tender age they can be preserved, then subsequently the apple tree will suffer from freezing annually. You cannot raise a tree. Frost resistance is transmitted genetically during the formation of a variety

Apple tree Ranetka

An example of such a tree, which is a small-fruited apple tree, is Ranetka. The ranetka apple tree was obtained by crossing a Siberian small-fruited apple tree with a Chinese one. The apples are small, weighing up to 12 grams, but with a rich taste and smell. Apples do not cause allergies and are included in baby food. They are good in compotes and jam "with legs".

The trees are tall, winter-hardy and give a harvest every year. They do not get scab and are undemanding to the conditions of detention. On the basis of crossing with other varieties, the apple trees Dobrynya, Kitayka Saninskaya, and Purple ranetka were bred.

A sprig of ranetki on a large-fruited apple tree will be a useful and exotic addition.

Spartak variety

The winter-hardy large-fruited variety Spartak is recommended by the State Register for use in the Middle Urals and Eastern Siberia.This variety is popular in areas where apples were recently imported. The variety was bred at the Samara experimental station by the breeder S.P. Kedrin. Grafted on a Chinese tree or Zhigulevskaya forest apple, Spartak saplings begin to bear fruit even before they are planted in a permanent place. In the photo there is an apple tree Spartak on the described rootstock, ready for planting.

The tree quickly wakes up from hibernation and begins an accelerated vegetation. The crop is harvested in early September, but within a month they are gaining taste in the laying place. Apples 90-130 g, there are also large specimens at the beginning of fruiting. The fruits are harvested when they become red-striped. When cultivating, it should be taken into account that the variety is moderately resistant to scab, therefore, preventive treatments during the growing season are mandatory. The branches of a young tree are directed at an acute angle, so a persistent deflection of the skeletal branches to a horizontal position is required, otherwise a break in the future under the weight of the fruit is inevitable.

Apple tree Imant

The Imant apple tree will not grow in Siberia, but frost resistance allows it to be cultivated in the climate of the Moscow region. A variety of Belarusian selection, obtained by crossing Anthea and Liberty with the introduction of a gene against scab. You can grow an apple tree on a seed stock and on a clone. In this case, the standard tree begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting. This variety is suitable for industrial use in the Moscow region.

The Imant apple tree is genetically protected from scab, it is not very susceptible to stem diseases, cracking and cancer. On a trunk at the age of five, the apple tree gives up to 25 kg of leveled fruits. The apples are large, weighing up to 200 grams. The main color is green, but a superficial red color covers the entire fruit. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour. Preservation of fruits at low temperatures until June.

Apple-tree Column-shaped Medoc

Apple-tree Coloniform Medoc is an autumn variety. The amber apples stuck to the tree are fabulously beautiful. They seem to glow from the honey that has saturated them. The variety is autumn, harvesting is carried out in early September, apples are not stored for long, only a month, but excellent blanks are obtained from them. Apple trees are demanding on fertility, and depending on nutrition, fruits can weigh from 100 to 250 grams.

A tree with a column up to two meters high and no more than 25 centimeters in diameter. With a compact planting, each columnar-shaped apple tree Medok yields up to 10 kg of amber fruits. The tree is early-growing, can yield in the first year after planting. The planting is thickened, 60 cm between the stems and a meter between the rows. The variety tolerates frost at 40 0, but for guaranteed safety it is better to keep a winter shelter. Pests rarely attack Medoc, leaving is easier.

Apple trees for the middle lane

For regionalization in warmer climatic conditions, there are much more varieties of Russian selection, American, French, Baltic. Among them there are species with average winter hardiness, which easily tolerate frosts of 20-30 degrees, tall and medium-sized trees. Therefore, we will present these types of apple trees according to the degree of their early maturity. It is essential to get the harvest 5 or 9 years after the scion. The time to harvest depends on the seed stock or the cultivar grafted onto the clone.

Low-growing compact stems are represented by apple varieties with a photo:

• winter - Sun, Orlovskoe striped;
• mid-season Champion;
• early variety Elena.

In one garden, varieties of different ripening periods are usually cultivated, allowing them to have healing fruits throughout the year. Summer varieties are used within a month after harvest, winter varieties, under appropriate conditions, are stored until mid-summer.

Apple-tree Elena

So, Elena's apple tree belongs to summer varieties. The variety of Belarusian selection was accepted for cultivation in 2001 and for this region it is a winter-hardy crop with apple flavor on a five-point scale of 4.8 - a very good indicator. Trees of medium height, on dwarf rootstocks bear fruit in the second or third year.The apple tree is scab resistant. The ovary on the Elena apple tree is abundant, thinning is required so as not to overload the tree. In the conditions of Belarus, apples ripen at the end of July.

Apple Champion

The middle variety is the Champion Apple tree. The apple tree of Czech selection and rapidly spread throughout the European part in the forest-steppes of Ukraine. Even in Ukraine, the variety needs to be insulated for the winter.

The tree is not tall, the annual growth is small. Resistance to diseases and pests is average, high to scab. The variety is fast-growing and requires the presence of a pollinator for good fruiting. Fruiting is annual, abundant. Lined apples, 190 grams each, are harvested in September. The harvest is stored for more than six months. The taste of red fruits is sweet and sour.

Apple-tree Orlovskoe striped

The winter variety is the Orlovskoye striped apple tree. The variety was bred and entered the register as recommended for industrial use in 1986. For central Russia, the Oryol region, the winter hardiness of the variety is good. The variety is considered elite in terms of yield and taste of the fruit. The only drawback is that apples have thin skin and special care is required when harvesting and transporting. The variety is resistant to scab and begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years.

Apple tree Sun

The winter apple tree Solnyshko received a residence permit in the gardens of central Russia in 2001. But the winter hardiness of the variety is excellent. Freezing the branches at 40 0 ​​did not have any consequences. Suitable for growing on dwarf rootstocks and itself has a short stature. A fast growing variety suitable for industrial gardens. The Sun apple tree is immune to scab at the genetic level. The fruits ripen in the second half of September and are stored until the New Year.

Apple tree Streyfling

Tall varieties are the oldest and have long established themselves as reliable. They serve as mother material for breeding new varieties of apple trees. Among them, it is impossible to pass by the Baltic apple variety Streifling. A huge tree 8 meters high and with the same spreading crown from a distance resembles an inverted cauldron. The tree is widespread in the middle zone with low winter temperatures. Apples are large up to 200 grams. The apple tree loves moisture and does not tolerate drought. Apples are harvested in September, stored for 2-3 months. Fruits are fastened well and, with a delay in harvesting, they do not crumble, but they are stored worse. The winter hardiness of the Streyfling apple tree is average, but sufficient for its habitat. The apple tree does not bear fruit every year.

Apple tree Idared

The representative of the American variety is the Idared apple tree. The winter variety is grown in the south of our country and in Ukraine. The variety is intended for export deliveries for the commercial quality of the fruit. Filmed in September, they retain their commercial qualities for six months. The tree is not resistant to scab disease.

Apple-tree Belfer-Chinese

Apple-tree Belfer-Kitayka is a pre-war variety of Michurinsk breeding. A tall variety with late autumn apples of excellent taste gave rise to many varieties of domestic selection. Fruiting of this apple tree begins in the eighth or ninth year. The apple tree requires protection from pests and scab, has low winter hardiness in the Michurinsky region.

Apple-tree Borovinka

The Borovinka apple variety belongs to the old varieties of early ripening. It is a relatively early fruiting variety. But his apples are not large, only 90 grams, the taste is average, the shelf life is only one month. In addition, the fruits and leaves of the apple tree of this variety are strongly affected by scab.

Apple tree Gloucester

The Gloucester apple tree can grow on a dwarf rootstock or be a large, spreading tree. A seedling on a seedling rootstock is characterized by long development until the first harvest. Therefore, maturity can be accelerated artificially:

• crown formation with bending of branches to a horizontal position;
• the use of special drugs that inhibit the summer growth of branches;
• with the exception of the nitrogen component from top dressing.

On a semi-dwarf rootstock, the apple tree begins to bear fruit in the fourth year.The fruits are large, up to 200 grams. The taste of apples is high, slightly sour. They can be stored for up to 4 months and are not injured during transportation.

Apple tree Kovalenkovskoe

The large-fruited Kovalenkovskoe apple tree was bred by a breeder of Belarus. The variety is medium-sized and fast-growing. On a dwarf rootstock, it develops into an adult tree in the third year. The fruits of the summer ripening period, the first harvest is removed by the Apple Savior. Apples acquire their taste after a two-week rest after harvesting. Fruits do not crumble, ripening is stretched. The variety is assigned to the Central Region of Russia and is distributed in the homeland of creation.

Apple tree Jonathan

Apple tree Jonathan refers to an American guest on our continent. In the conditions of Russia, this apple variety is grown only in the North Caucasus. Fruiting on medium rootstocks after 5 years. The apple tree gives fruits annually and the maximum yield from one apple tree is 490 kg. The apple tree is scab resistant and is often sick with powdery mildew. The fruits have excellent dessert taste and long shelf life. The well-known apple variety Idared is bred on the basis of Jonathan.

Apple tree Florina

The French guest, the apple-tree Florina, took her place in the steppes and forest-steppes. Winter variety, sweet apples. Medium-sized tree with a rounded crown. The height of the tree is up to 5 meters. The tree blooms for a long time and has time to perfectly pollinate. Therefore, fruit set is good. Harvested in October. Apples store well and only get sweeter over time. The variety is resistant to scab and bacterial diseases.

Apple Royalty

But apple trees are valued not only as fruit trees. The line of decorative trees is also represented by well-remembered trees. These species include the Royal, Nedzvetsky, Kitayka apple trees and more than 190 varieties of ornamental trees. The royal dwarf apple tree will adorn any composition. It is compared in bloom to sakura. These decorative apple trees are a decoration of the landscape. The victorious flowering lasts two weeks, but then the bush with cherry leaves is decorative. The fruits of the Royalty apple tree are inedible.

In this collection, we tried to present a little information on the apple world. But this is a small fraction of knowledge about this amazing tree of life.

Apple varieties at their summer cottage - video

Ordinary apple trees need to allocate a lot of space for normal development, and it takes a long time to wait for the harvest from them. Columnar apple trees take up little space, and the harvest is given already in the second year after planting. To choose the right variety correctly, you need to understand the characteristics of each.

7 principles of growing columnar apple trees

Columnar apple trees are planted in spring even before bud break. The landing pit (50x50x50 cm) must be drained. For different varieties of columnar apple trees, the prepared soil may differ, but it is better to choose a soil saturated with organic matter with high levels of moisture and air permeability (for example, chernozem). Humus or compost mixed with mineral fertilizers is added to the selected substrate, the proportions depend on the apple variety.

It is important not to damage the fragile root system of the apple tree seedling and place it correctly in the ground.

A columnar apple tree requires at least four additional fertilizing during the growing season of the plant. The composition and type of fertilizers, as well as the timing of feeding may differ depending on the climate, region and selected variety.

When fertilizing columnar apple trees, it is important to remember that these plants have a superficial root system and root burns can occur.

One apple tree needs 1-2 buckets of water for each watering. The frequency and method of watering depend on weather conditions and on the soil substrate.

In dry and hot weather, sprinkling is useful for a garden of columnar apple trees, which is best done at sunrise or sunset.

The regulation of the load on the columnar apple trees consists in timely intervention during the periods of ovary formation.Experienced gardeners remove almost all ovaries in the first year after planting, giving the plant time to prepare for a heavy load. You can leave 1-2 ovaries to see the characteristics of the fruit. The next year, half of the flowers are removed.

In the spring, correctly planted apple trees give a large number of flowers, but it is impossible that ovaries form from all of them: an excessive load on the trunk is harmful for a young plant

Columnar apple trees are famous for their shape. Healthy, well-chosen plants do not require pruning. But if the seedlings were genetically unhealthy, then the apple trees may have side shoots that need to be removed.

In columnar apple trees, only the lateral shoots are cut off, which do not bear fruit, leading the plants to the shape of a column

Columnar apple trees do not require specific protection against diseases and pests; the usual processing characteristic of an apple orchard is sufficient. In the spring, trees need to be sprayed with insecticides and fungicides, since most pests are insects, and almost all diseases are caused by fungi. Processing should be carried out before the formation of ovaries.

In spring, gardeners spray columnar apple trees to protect against aphids and other pests.

Columnar apple trees do not tolerate frost, so a lot depends on a good wintering. Plants require autumn whitewashing of the trunk and shelter for the winter. In addition, to protect against rodents, the lower part of the tree is covered with sawdust or spruce branches.

So that the growth point does not suffer, you need to cover the columnar apple trees, otherwise the growth of the tree will stop: spandbond and burlap are suitable for protection from the cold

Video: overview of columnar apple trees

How to choose a columnar apple tree sapling

Columnar apple trees are often confused with dwarf varieties that have undergone formative pruning. So, in the reviews of columnar apple trees, you can find the Antey variety. In reality, he is a dwarf apple tree.

Video: choosing seedlings of a columnar apple tree

In order to more accurately determine the variety of the columnar apple tree, you need to understand when you want to start eating apples and how long you are going to store them. According to the ripening period, all varieties of columnar apple trees are divided into three types:

1. Summer varieties - early in terms of ripening, but little stored apples.
2. Autumn varieties are averaged both in terms of ripening and storage of fruits.
3. Winter varieties - apples late in terms of ripening, but long-stored apples.

Table: the timing of the onset of fruiting and storage of apples of columnar apple trees

Depending on the weather conditions, the ripening time of apples can be shifted.

The best varieties of columnar apple trees

In 2017, 17 varieties of columnar apple trees were added to the State Register. There are varieties that are not included in the all-Russian list, but have managed to gain fame among gardeners.

Apple varieties for the Moscow region

Not all varieties of columnar apple trees are suitable for the Moscow region; it is necessary to choose only those that are resistant to prolonged negative temperatures. In addition to those listed below, gardeners of the Moscow region may also like Arbat, Vasyugan, Ostankino, President, Bolero, Moscow necklace, Jin, Titania.

Baby

The variety bears fruit, medium and small, weighing 64 g, round-conical. Productivity - 394 centners per hectare (with a planting scheme of 3x0.5 m). Light yellow fruits with creamy flesh attract with juiciness, sweet taste and weak fresh-sweet aroma. The fruits contain 16.2% dry matter and 10.6% sugar.

Maluha is a fast-growing variety that gives the first harvest in the second year after planting.

Nectar

Apple trees of this variety grow up to 2 m in height. The fruits are medium in size, weighing 250 g. The color of the apples is white-yellow, the pulp with a white tint is juicy, coarse-grained. The fruits of this plant have a sweet honey taste. The main features of the variety: good root system, compact size, frost resistance, strong immunity, medium vigor.

Medoc apples cannot be stored for more than a month, so the fruits are usually used for preservation, making jam or dried fruits.

Ostankino

The fruits of this variety have a mass of 110 g, they are flattened in shape, wide-ribbed. The color is light yellow with a blurry purple blush, the flesh is white (or greenish), fine-grained, juicy, sweet-sour taste. The variety is relatively resistant to scab, but it tolerates frost well.

A feature of the Ostankino variety is the high density of fruits on the tree, which are tied from the very bottom to the top.

Alluring aroma

This variety has become popular with landscape designers because of its decorative appearance. First, light pink buds appear on the apple tree, which bloom into red-purple flowers with a strong aroma. The tree blooms profusely and for a long time. Fruits are small, weighing 40-60 g, round, slightly glossy, also very decorative. The apples are red in color, the flesh is pink. They have a sweet and sour taste with a hint of nutmeg. The apple tree is moderately resistant to scab, frost and drought.

Low growth, neat appearance and bright flowers make it possible to use the seductive aroma variety as an element of the garden landscape along with ornamental shrubs

Apple trees for Central Russia

The climatic features of the middle lane did not prevent breeders from breeding good varieties of columnar apple trees. The varieties listed below can often be found in the gardens of this region. And also the Moscow necklace, Amber necklace, Yesenia, Ostankino, Malyukha, Medok, Cascade, Lukomor bear fruit with success.

Dialog

This variety is one of the first, already in July, to start yielding. Bears fruits weighing 110-140 g, one-dimensional, regular shape. The color is light yellow, the flesh is white, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour with a medium aroma. Some drought tolerance is observed.

Over the years, the columnar apple tree Dialog grows fruit branches only 20 cm in each direction, this makes it possible to plant such trees in thickened rows

The president

The tasty "conversation" in September is continued by the President variety, presenting with large fruits, the mass of which reaches 140-310 g. The color of apples and pulp is whitish, the latter is prickly, fine-grained. The apple has a sweet and sour taste, it gives a lot of juice, but its aroma is weak. The drought resistance of the variety is average.

All columnar apple trees, including the President variety, live and bear fruit for an average of 15 years, then the yield decreases significantly

Chervonets

Chervonets apples weigh 180 g, although there are also very large apples (over 310 g). The color is light yellow with a crimson blush. The pulp of the fruit is white, dense, juicy, sweet and sour. The yield is regular and high - 1200 centners per hectare (with a plant nutrition area of ​​1x0.5 m). These trees have a drawback - they need to be re-pollinated, so in cold summers the yield drops. But there is also a positive quality - two apples are often laid in the ovary.

The dignity of the Chervonets apple tree is the ability of apples to stay on the tree for a very long time, without falling off even in a ripe state

Currency

The variety bears large fruits, weighing 130–240 g, one-dimensional, round-conical, regular in shape. The main apple color is light yellow, the integumentary color is orange-red. The pulp is white, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sour-sweet with a strong aroma. Drought tolerance is average.

Variety was bred in 1986 by the efforts of breeders VSTISP in Moscow and received a gene that reliably protects the tree from scab, allowing it not to be treated with chemicals

Chinatown golden early

The name of this variety speaks for itself - the fruits of this apple tree are small, weighing only 35-40 g. The shape is correct, round. The skin is golden yellow with an intense waxy bloom. The pulp is yellowish, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with a pronounced aroma. The fruits do not ripen at the same time, they easily crumble. The winter hardiness of the variety is very high, but it is susceptible to scab damage.

Golden Chinese is an old variety bred by the famous breeder I. V. Michurin by crossing White filling and Kitayka

Apple varieties for Belarus

It is better for Belarusian gardeners to choose apple trees that are resistant to humid air, or rather, to hordes of rot, mold and other diseases of apple crops. For the climate and soils of this country, the varieties discussed in this section are suitable. Also, gardeners will be interested in such varieties as Vasyugan, Ostankino, President, Currency, Malyukha.

Triumph

Triumph is a medium-sized plant, yields a yield of 400 centners per hectare (with a planting scheme of 3x0.5m). The fruits have an average size and weight of 120 g. They are round in shape, slightly ribbed. The main color is greenish, the integumentary color is blurred brownish-red. The pulp is creamy, dense, prickly, fine-grained. The apples are juicy, sweet and sour on the palate.

Triumph apples contain 15.2% dry matter, 8.0% sugar, 0.75% acid and 4.64 mg vitamin C

Flamenco

The Flamenco variety was developed in England. It is vigorous, fast-growing, bears fruit regularly and generously. Brings apples weighing 150 g with a burgundy red blurred blush. Their pulp is white, juicy, sour-sweet taste. Moderately sensitive to scab and powdery mildew, quite winter hardy.

Flamenco fruits have the longest shelf life of all columnar apple trees - apples do not spoil until April

Delight

The yield of the Vostorg variety is 216 centners per hectare. The apple tree bears fruits weighing 130 g, flattened, rounded, wide-ribbed, slightly sloping. The main color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is blurry crimson. The pulp is greenish, fine-grained. The taste is sweet and sour with a mild aroma. The fruits contain 11.2% sugar, 1.0% acid and 3.1 mg vitamin C. Immune to scab. Winter-hardy, drought-resistant.

The Columnar apple variety Delight was created for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region, but daredevils plant it in the Middle Lane

Arrow

The apple trees of this variety weigh 165 g. They are flattened in shape, weakly or broadly ribbed. The color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary is blurry dark red. The pulp is yellowish, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. Apples have a sweet and sour taste and a strong aroma. The fruits contain 12.1% sugar, 0.86% acid and 11.4 mg vitamin C. The yield is 231.9 centners per hectare. Winter hardy. Highly scab resistant.

An apple tree of the Strela variety is very demanding in choosing a place for planting and in care; its cultivation requires nutritious soil and a lot of sun

Stele

The yield of the Stela variety is 215.8 centners per hectare. The apple tree bears fruits weighing 190 g, flattened, regular shape with a smooth or slightly ribbed surface. The apple is greenish-yellow, the integumentary is striped red. The pulp is yellowish, dense, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is not expressed. The fruits contain 11.6% sugar, 0.54% acid and 11.4 mg vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy, highly resistant to scab.

All columnar apple trees, including the Stela varieties, for fruiting and preparation for the winter period in the spring need to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers, and from the end of June - with phosphorus and potash

Apple varieties for Ukraine

Nature has generously endowed Ukraine with gifts, almost half of the land falls on fertile black soils, so you can not be very careful in choosing varieties of columnar apple trees. However, closer to the southern borders, the climate is hot and dry, and gardeners should still look at drought-resistant varieties. To the following, you can add such varieties as Arrow, Stela, Poetry, Constellation, Delight, Moscow necklace, Vasyugan, President, Ostankino.

Gin

The plant is self-fertile, resistant to both severe winters and drought in summer. Not afraid of parasites and fungal diseases. Gives a bountiful harvest. Fruits weigh 120-150 g. The color of apples is red, they are spherical in shape. The pulp is dense, sweet and sour dessert taste with a delicate aroma. Gin's aromatic apples are very juicy.

The first 3-4 years, the yield of the Gin variety will be about 4-5 kg, and after 5 years, up to 12-15 kg of fruits can be obtained from the tree of the columnar apple tree

Bolero

Greenish Bolero apples with a pink blush weighing up to 200 g. The pulp is white, medium firm, with a lot of juice. The taste is moderately sour. The variety is resistant to scab and fungal diseases.

Despite the self-fertility of the Bolero columnar apple variety, it gives a noticeably greater yield when planted together with other apple trees

Arbat

The cherry shade of red Arbat apples in September can be found in different regions of Ukraine. Fruits weighing 100–120 g are formed in a rounded-elongated shape. There is a glossy shine on the skin. The light creamy pulp has a sugar flavor with a slight sourness. The variety is winter-hardy, immune to diseases and pests.

Zoned for hot regions, frost-resistant, self-fertile variety of the columnar apple tree Arbat rightfully occupies one of the first places in the gardens of Ukraine

Priokskoe

Prioksky fruits weigh 160 g; they are flattened and conical in shape. The color is green, the integumentary color is blurry dark red. The pulp is greenish, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. Apples have a sweet and sour taste, with a weak aroma. The fruits contain 12.7% sugar, 0.58% acid and 3.8 mg vitamin C. The yield is 142.6 centners per hectare.

If a columnar apple tree, including the Priokskoye variety, is kept warm as a deciduous plant throughout the year, without going through a dormant period in winter, it will not bloom and will not set fruit

Ray

The mass of the fruits of the columnar apple tree Ray - 150 g, they are flat-round, one-dimensional. The color is greenish-yellow with a blurred crimson blush. The pulp is white, juicy, semi-oily. The taste is sweet and sour. The yield is 226.7 centners per hectare. The variety is resistant to scab and powdery mildew. Winter-hardy and drought-resistant.

The columnar apple tree of the Luch variety, like all others, refers to cross-pollinated plants, that is, to obtain a harvest, another variety of apple is needed, planted nearby

Gothic

The yield of the Gothic columnar apple variety is 213 centners per hectare. Fruits weighing 180 g have an oblong regular shape, their surface is slightly ribbed. The main color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is striped red. The pulp is creamy, prickly, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, the aroma is poorly expressed. The fruits contain 11.0% sugar, 0.3% acid and 13.2 mg vitamin C. The variety is winter-hardy.

The Gothic variety is very fast-growing, bears fruit from the first year when planted in the spring of one-year-olds and gains full strength by 4-5 years

Apple trees for the Urals

The Urals are characterized by low temperatures, therefore, columnar apple trees must withstand frosts at -30 ° C and below. In this case, the best varieties will be from this section, as well as President, Ostankino, Triumph, Currency, Arbat, Medok, Gin, Dialogue.

Vasyugan

This variety is considered one of the most unpretentious among all columnar apple trees. Produces large, up to 200 g, hard apples of rich red-green color. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy, with a light persistent aroma and aftertaste. The taste is sweet and sour. Apple trees are highly scab resistant.

The columnar apple-tree of the Vasyugan variety is very prolific, already in the second year it is able to please gardeners with a bountiful harvest of up to 8 kg per tree

Iksha

By the end of August, very juicy sweet and sour apples ripen on an almost two-meter column. Fruit weight - 140-150 g. The color of the apples is green with a slight yellow tint. The pulp is grainy, has a creamy shade. At the same time, the tree does not cause trouble with pests and diseases.

Apples of the Iksha variety, when preserved, boil well and give a lot of juice, and a large amount of fructose allows you to save on sugar

Moscow necklace

Advantages of the variety: high yield (190 centners per hectare), winter hardiness, resistance to diseases and pests, long storage of fruits. Apples weighing 130 g are one-dimensional, rounded. The color is greenish with a blurred red blush. The pulp is white, juicy. Dessert taste fruits.

Columnar apple trees of the Moscow Necklace variety have a high level of self-fertility and are the best pollinators for all autumn varieties.

Amber necklace

The early-ripening variety generously (250 centners per hectare) will present with juicy apples. Fruits weighing 130 g, one-dimensional, rounded. The color is greenish-yellow with a pink blurred blush. The pulp is greenish, juicy. In the spring, the green column above 2 meters will be decorated with white flowers. This apple tree needs a pollinator, so it will make a useful and beautiful duet for any variety with the same ripening period.

A distinctive characteristic of Amber Necklace apple trees is their high winter hardiness, they are successfully grown even in Siberia.

Chinese woman red

The yield is abundant, reaching 186 c / ha. Fruits are small (about 10 g), spherical, with noticeable ribbing, the skin is bright red. The pulp is juicy, sweetish and sour. Winter hardiness is extremely high.

Red Chinese is a fast-growing variety, begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting, gives rich yields with low shedding of fruits

The most winter-hardy and drought-resistant varieties of columnar apple trees

Below we give a description of the best winter-hardy apple varieties. They are especially interesting for summer cottages located in areas with unfavorable conditions for gardening:

• In fifth place is the Jin variety, which has a high winter hardiness, but only in the conditions of central Russia. The apple tree is capable of withstanding up to -25 ° C, but requires a mandatory shelter.
• The fourth place was shared by the varieties Dialogue and Amber Necklace, because both are able to withstand low temperatures down to -30 ° C. But the Dialog variety has a number of genetic marriages that can affect survival in extreme conditions. And the apple tree Amber Necklace for survival requires strict adherence to the rules of care and shelter for the winter.
• The three most seasoned leaders are opened by the Moscow necklace variety, which has winter hardiness at the level of Antonovka ordinary. The latter is able to withstand frosts down to -38 ° C. But the Moscow necklace can endure such cold weather only with abundant snow cover. If winter promises to be snowless, then it is better to cover the apple tree.
• The Iksha variety ranks second in the ranking of the most winter-hardy varieties of columnar apple trees, quite deservedly, because it is able to withstand frosts down to -40 ° C. Moreover, this variety is extremely resistant to extreme weather conditions.
• The honorable first place is occupied by a variety that is well known both to gardeners in the Moscow Region and to gardeners in Siberia. So, the most winter-hardy variety of columnar apple trees is Vasyugan. This unique apple tree can withstand temperatures as low as -42 º C.

In areas where winters are not so harsh, but in summer the sun burns out all living things, columnar apple trees should be planted that can hold water, preventing it from quickly evaporating. The drought-resistant varieties include an alluring aroma, Dialogue, President, Currency.

The greatest drought tolerance on tests was shown by the varieties of columnar apple trees Vostorg and Gin.

Gardeners reviews

Columnar apple trees are truly loved by both gardeners and breeders. Among their many varieties, even the most fastidious garden lover will find the one that will satisfy all his needs.

Hello! My name is Olga, I am studying to be an ecologist - soil scientist at the Lomonosov Moscow State University.