Grapes are the best varieties of uncovered

Table of contents:

1. Learn more about frost-resistant grape varieties
2. For beginners in viticulture, differences in non-covering varieties, prospects for breeding
3. 12 best hardy grape varieties
4. Conclusion

Modesty does not allow me to say that I am on your side with grapes, but I have some experience behind me. Years of vine care are not in vain. Friends-summer residents persistently ask for my advice, demand clarification and tolerate criticism. I am especially glad that they are listening. True, not all, others will ask, listen carefully, but will do it in their own way, on the contrary. There is nothing to be done - this category of individual learners is based on their own mistakes.

Smart people are trying to get around the rake that has filled someone's forehead, and I want to show you where they lie. Frankly, there is no time and it just gets boring to be a walking guide to viticulture. But remembering my stupor from not knowing which side to approach the vine, I try as best I can to bring enlightenment to the masses of summer residents. After all, how do we get knowledge? In winter, during the lull in the dacha, we read the literature, and suffering comes - I remember reading something, but only in general terms. There is no time to reread, but it will be fine, but I'd rather go and ask a neighbor.

Viticulture I mastered, or rather started, probably like most summer residents according to the hackneyed scheme: I was treated to an excellent bunch of delicious table grapes. I was surprised that it is possible in our climate and just to grow a similar one in the country. I was inflamed with the desire to have the same, but what is there, of course, I will be even better. It was as if I accidentally found out the name of the grape variety, and in the fall I already had such a seedling. More precisely, then I bought several seedlings, I did not spare money, it was the one that had sunk into my soul and five more of the same elite.

And the exciting development of viticulture, saturated with vivid impressions, began. I planted the seedlings more or less correctly, since the seller saw an amateur in me and, in addition to the appendage, told me the key nuances of planting grapes. I think he was motivated by pity for his own cherished planting material. Out of inexperience, saving the dacha beds, I planted the grape bushes very closely to each other, but they all took root safely.

Only frost-resistant grape varieties do not hide

Suddenly it turned out - grapes in winter need shelter... Fortunately, I learned about this before the severe frosts. A case enlightened me, an acquaintance, remembering how I boasted that I had become a tough winegrower, asked casually if I had covered my plantings. And forecasters, as luck would have it, foreshadowed a twenty-five-degree apocalypse by the morning. My wife and I, having rescheduled our affairs, urgently moved to the dacha to correct our omission.

And the cold November drizzle mischievously dispersed a cloud of exhaust gases from our car. For shelter, of course, they did not foresee anything in advance, with enthusiasm they poked the frozen ground with shovels and switched to all kinds of improvised means, or rather, more or less suitable old rubbish and garbage. In general, with grief in half then we got out of the situation, but worn out thoroughly.

It is better to acquire the initial experience of the grower on winter-hardy varieties.

I lead my story to the thought - if you are fired up by viticulture, but do not have any special experience. Or you just want to shade the gazebo with some grape harvest. And it's a pity to take care of the vine - choose non-covering grape varieties. Such grapes are called arbor grapes, because they are often used as living green walls of arbors, curling openings with them. For the winter, they do not take it off, leaving it where it grew - on a gazebo, trellis or arch. For uncovered grapes, an arched formation is used, often they say "on an arch". Non-covering varieties, as a rule, are unpretentious in care, resistant to diseases and phylloxera, and can easily tolerate inept pruning.

Disease Resistant Grapes a real lifesaver for newbies. For example, I once learned the meaning of the mysterious word mildew, when my varietal bushes were left without leaves. Gazebo grapes then it boldly turned green in all its glory, disdainfully shading its naked whimsical dining brethren. Yes, the varieties that require shelter to taste are undoubtedly better, but I advise you to first get your hands on complex resistant grapes, and then try your hand at more elite ones.

I have heard many times: I will plant a covering grape, and if it does not work out, I will plant a non-covering variety on it. As a rule, summer residents are very far from the very concepts of vaccination. Usually, on the contrary, a covering variety is grafted onto a non-covering stock. But you always retain the right to experiment, because all the discoveries were made by amateurs who doubted the knowledge and experience of their mentors.

So, from the lyrics let us turn to practice, indeed, unpretentious, non-covering, complex-resistant grape varieties are very popular in our country. Let's write off this phenomenon on the lack of time for summer residents to cultivate noble covering grapes, without suspecting them of unwillingness to improve themselves. Let's turn our eyes to the uncovered grape varieties and take a closer look at them.

Differences between non-covering grape varieties and their origin

The climatic conditions of most regions allow the cultivation of noble grape varieties only as a covering crop, requiring chemical treatments to prevent diseases and control pests. It is easy to guess that the cost of grapes is growing, and environmental friendliness is questioned. Therefore, in our climate, a group of varieties is especially interesting, carefully bred by scientists from American fox grapes (Vitis labruska), such as V. Vulpina, V. Aestivalis, V. Limecumii, etc., and European grapes (V. Vinifera).

This group of grape varieties that do not require winter shelter is usually called - isable, or simply American, in everyday life - uncovering or gazebo... But even the well-known "Isabella" is wrong to consider a true American grape variety because it is obtained by hybridization of V. labruska with V. vinifera. For varieties of these character varieties, high frost resistance. They endure the severity of our winter without shelter, are resistant against mildew, and are practically not damaged by phylloxera.

In terms of taste and size of berries and bunches, they are inferior to European grape varieties. Not everyone is delighted with the characteristic isable, strawberry-like flavor. Although there are also many connoisseurs of isable notes in grapes and wine. For many post-Soviet regions, these varieties are very promising, and such isable grape varieties as Pineapple Early, Balabanovsky, Seneca will give a head start to many eminent “Europeans” in the harmony of taste.

The alleged superiority of European grapes relative to isabelle varieties

In European countries, thanks to the mild climate, winemakers are endowed with the opportunity to cultivate the most famous aristocratic varieties: "Queen of the Vineyards", "Pearls of Sabo", "Hamburg Black", "Muscat Italia" and others.And the isabelle varieties are treated with disdain, considering the wine material obtained from them unsuitable for the production of a noble drink. In addition, there is a myth in some specialized wine-making publications that isabelle grapes contain carcinogenic substances that are harmful to health. This has not been scientifically confirmed and is probably cultivated artificially in order to avoid competition with expensive European wines.

The prospect of uncovered grapes for breeding

Uncovering grapes are universal: they are suitable for the table fresh and for processing into juices, wines, preserves, jams, etc. Certain varieties: "Lydia", "Noa", "Christina", "Extra", etc. have been cultivated here since the end of the year before last. centuries. A large collection of promising isable grape varieties was imported from North America in the thirties of the last century by Academician N.I. Vavilov. They were cultivated in vineyards near Sochi. After the repression of the scientist, most of the isabelle varieties were lost, only thanks to enthusiasts a part of the varietal fund was preserved.

Unique feature of isabelle varieties - they are excellent material for selection. By crossing them with European varieties, breeders develop hybrids that combine the best properties of the maternal lines. For example, the modern variety "Samantha", obtained by crossing the isabelle "Seneca" with the European "Golden resistant", took from the parents resistance to frost, diseases, is distinguished by a large beautiful bunch and excellent taste.

Twelve of the best frost-resistant grape varieties

And now a list of proven promising non-covering grape varieties, according to the leading winegrowers of our country and the near abroad. I know many of them personally, some of them are still growing with me.

 "Juodupe"

With this Baltic citizen, we begin our acquaintance with uncovering grape varieties. Bred A. Gailunas from Lithuania. The earliest variety from our collection, ripening at the end of July, the only one with a growing season of 95-100 days. Other grape varieties, declared by the authors as super early: "Super Extra", "Rumba", "Dashenka" and others, have a longer growing season.

Bushes with high vigor. Bunches are small, 90–140 g, medium density, conical, sometimes with a wing. The berries are medium - 3.0–3.2 g, round, slightly oval, dark purple. The pulp is slightly slimy, the skin is dense, the juice is almost transparent. On the palate, a light isabelle aroma is celebrated. Frost resistance: up to -28 ° С. Disease resistant. Transportable. Good fresh and as a wine material. The vine ripens perfectly, the percentage of rooting of shanks is high. It grows well in our climate, that is, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.

 Buffalo

Grape variety with American roots... The result of hybridization of varieties "Herbert" and "Watkins". Bred at Cornell University, New York. It is considered the best variety in the group of isabelle varieties due to its high yield, large and attractive bunch and excellent taste. Although there are winegrowers who have a different opinion about Buffalo.

Bushes are vigorous. The vine is dark brown. Leaves with tomentose pubescence, large. Bunches are medium, up to 0.5 kg, round-conical, classic isabelle look. Berries weighing up to 5 g, dark blue almost black, very tasty (relatively isable group). The variety is extremely productive. On arched formations, up to a centner of berries is obtained from a bush. In our climate, it ripens in early September. Doesn't need shelter in winter. Mildew is mildly affected. 7-9 eye trim is recommended. Cuttings root extremely poorly.

 Early Pineapple

Bred by AA Kondratsky, the head of the Kiev stronghold of northern viticulture, crossing the varieties "Pineapple" and "Pearl Sabo". The bush is vigorous. The vine ripens 90–95%, brown. Leaves underneath with strong whitish tomentose pubescence, large. The crown is white and pink. The bunches are loose, weighing 180-250 g.Berries are oval, weighing about 5 g, milky salad, with a pineapple flavor, sweet. Ripens by the end of August. In unfavorable years, it is slightly affected by mildew. With arched formations, more than 50 kg of berries are obtained from the bush. It is considered one of the best Kondratsky varieties.

 "K-390"

Also bred by A. A. Kondratsky in Kiev by crossing the varieties "Lydia" and "Pearl Sabo". Bushes are vigorous. The leaves are slightly pubescent underneath, poorly dissected. The bunches are medium, loose, elongated. Berries weighing 3-5 g, light green. The taste is sweet, simple. Ripens by the end of August. Moderately productive. It is unpretentious to growing conditions. 5-7 eye trimming is recommended.

 "Rogachevsky"

A variety of the Belarusian breeder V.S.Rogachev. Also known as Graceful. A versatile grape variety... Early ripening, with a growing season of 105–110 days. The bush is vigorous. The leaves are three-lobed, dark green, strongly whitishly pubescent underneath, large. Bunches weighing up to 300 g, dense, cylindrical, one-dimensional, elegant. Berries weighing about 5 g, one-dimensional, dark blue, with a slight isable flavor, sweet. She does not need shelter in winter. Increased disease resistance. Standard pruning - 35–40 eyes per bush, fruit arrow is pruned into 5–7 eyes. The vine ripens perfectly, the rooting of the shanks is high.

 "K-878"

Has a second name - "Tender". Authorship of A. A. Kondratsky, derived from the varieties "Wilder" and "Pearl Sabo". Medium-sized bushes, with short internodes. The leaves are slightly pubescent below, slightly dissected. Medium bunches - 300-400 g, rounded, outwardly elegant. Berries weighing 3-5 g, pink-purple, with a pleasant nutmeg taste and aroma, sweet. In favorable years, it ripens in early August. The yield is average. Weakly affected by mildew. 4-6 eye cropping is recommended.

 Lucille

Variety with American origin. Bushes are vigorous. The vine is light brown. Leaves with a sharp top, pubescent below. The flowers are bisexual. Bunches weighing 150-200 g, dense, elongated. Berries weighing 3-5 g, pink, sweet. Strong floral aroma when ripe. The yield is average. Ripens at the end of August. One of the most frost-resistant among non-covering varieties. Resistant to diseases. An excellent variety for technical processing, especially in jam. In winemaking, the aroma is lost.

 "Noah"

Known as "Fraga Albe". American, obtained by crossing V. labruska and V. riparia. Medium-sized bushes, with short internodes. The leaves are three-lobed, rounded, have a dense cobweb edge below, slightly dissected, large. The flowers are bisexual. The clusters are medium, conical, with one wing, the density is also medium. Small berries - 1–2 g, light green, with a yellowish tinge. The skin is thin, the flesh is slimy, with an isable aroma. The taste is simple, sweet. Ripens by the end of August. When ripe, the berries may crumble. The variety is high-yielding. Resistant to frost and disease. Distributed in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.

 "Ontario"

Again grapes of american origin... Obtained in New York by crossing the varieties "Diamond" and "Winchel". The bushes are medium-sized with white-pink tops of the stems. The leaves are three-, less often five-lobed, from below with a bristly-arachnoid edge, very large. The flowers are bisexual. The clusters are medium, cylindrical, sometimes with a wing, the density is also medium. The berries are medium to large, round, white-greenish, fully ripe with a golden hue. The taste is isable. It is considered the most delicious of the varieties of this group. Medium early ripening. The yield is average. Frost resistant. Mildew is weakly affected. The vine ripens well.

 "Poklinkton"

The variety spread throughout the former union from Ukraine, which it got into thanks to the famous aircraft designer O.K. Antonov. Beloved grapes, he brought from France, giving them for propagation to the Kiev stronghold of viticulture, actively recommending them. Bushes are vigorous, with enlarged internodes.Suitable for arched shaping. The lower side of the leaves is pubescent, medium in size, there are light spots on the top of the leaf blade. The bunches are medium, loose, rounded. Berries weighing 3-5 g, white, with a pleasant aroma, sweet. Ripens by the end of September. The yield is moderate. When overripe, a strong fragility of the ridge is characteristic, which complicates the collection. Winter-hardy. Withstands cold down to -30 ° C. She does not need shelter. Mildew is weakly affected. No signs of disease were noticed. There is a good percentage of rooting in the school. 5–7 eye pruning is recommended.

 "Lyubava"

Russian selection, from crossing the varieties "Delight" and "Delaware pink". The bush is very vigorous, with an excellently ripening vine. The bunches are large, with careful care they reach a weight of 300-500 g, dense, conical, sometimes 3-4 pieces. on a fruit shoot. The berries are medium - 3-4 g, greenish-white, round, with a thick waxy bloom, do not crack. The skin is rough. The pulp is slimy, with a classic isabelle taste. Ripening period is average, by the end of August. The yield is excellent. Highly resistant to frost, down to -28 ° C. Mildew is hardly surprised. Chubuki are perfectly rooted, high quality saplings come out by autumn.

 "Seneca"

Another native of America, produced by crossing the varieties "Ontario" and "Lignan Blanche". After planting, in the early years, weak growth is characteristic, later it returns to normal. High-yielding on large arched formations. The clusters are medium, weighing up to 250 g, medium density, conical. The berries are large, 3-5 g, white, round. The variety favorably differs with a pleasant harmonious taste. Ripens by the end of August. Mildew is weakly affected. Due to its excellent taste, it deserves widespread distribution.

Conclusion:

For an initial acquaintance, the description of uncovering grape varieties is exhaustive. Choose a variety with which you will begin to accumulate viticulture skills, decorate your gazebos. By the way, I will note - uncovered grape varieties in our climate are planted, taking root well in the fall. If grapes are planted in October, they will have time to take root during the remaining favorable days. In the spring, it will absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil with its own root system and briskly start growing.

Rare plants successfully combine fruit and ornamental qualities. These include grapes. Thanks to selection, modern non-sheltering varieties not only have an exquisite taste, but also decorate the garden at any time of the year. Many of them are versatile, can grow where there is a suitable support. But, the main condition is the growing environment, which depends on the region, locality and microclimate. The selection of the variety should be started based on the ecological and biological characteristics of the hybrid. Consider in the article the best uncovered grape varieties with reviews, give their characteristics and tell you about their care.

Grape varieties for the middle lane

Working for many years on the development of new varieties, experts solve certain problems. For example, for the middle lane, one of the main aspects is winter hardiness. At the same time, it is important to preserve the taste properties of the grapes. It is advisable that caring for him was not too burdensome. These characteristics are met by varieties that were specially created for the middle lane and similar climatic conditions.

The most popular are older varieties that have been grown for over 50 years.

The most popular varieties for the middle lane are shown in the table:

Variety name	Brief characteristic of the variety
Isabel	Berries are dark purple, almost black, slightly elongated, up to 1 cm in size, weighing an average of 3 g. In one bunch - 180 g. The taste is sweet and sour with a strawberry tinge. Ripens late. No problem in transportation. Winter hardiness is high. The variety is resistant to many diseases characteristic of grapes.
Ontario	American hybrid Winchen + Daimon. Outwardly, it looks like Isabella. The berries are round, with a bluish bloom. The weight of one bunch is 200 g.Resistant to frost and disease.
Lydia (Isabella pink)	A hybrid bred in America based on the Labrusca species. The berries are rounded, acquire a pinkish transparency during ripening. The weight of one bunch is 100 g. The ripening period is 150 days. The variety is resistant to diseases, but it is affected by grape aphids, which are dangerous not only to the leaves, but also to the roots. Frost resistance is quite high, but inferior to "Isabella".
Ametst	One of the most frost-resistant varieties, it can withstand temperatures up to minus 350. A distinctive feature is the rapid growth of the vine and high resistance to diseases. It is considered an early variety because it ripens for an average of 100 days. The shape of the berries is elongated - conical, the color is dark pink. Berries weight 6-8 g, bunches - 270 - 300 g. Withstands low temperatures up to minus 250. They have an average resistance to diseases, therefore, it is recommended for preventive treatments with protective agents.

⇒ Read a review of the best grape varieties from A to Z

The listed varieties are the most tested in the viticulture of the middle zone. Their long-term popularity is due to their relatively unpretentious care. In addition to them, hybrids of modern origin are widespread:

• Nadezhda Aksayskaya.
• Shunya.
• Laura.
• F-14-75.

Berries of varieties F - 14 - 75, Laura, Shunya, Nadezhda Aksayskaya.

• Victoria.
• Finding Azos.
• Super Extra.
• Victor.
• Phenomenon (Augustine, Pleven stable).
• First-Called.
• Summer Muscat.
• Gala.
• 13 Cherry.
• Aleshenkin.
• Charlie.

The variety of varieties allows you to choose the most suitable hybrids for the microclimate of each site and satisfy the taste wishes of the gardener. Read also the article: → "How to properly grow grapes from seed at home."

Berries of varieties Phenomenon, Pervozvanny, Summer Muscat, Gala.

Grape varieties for black soil

The climatic conditions of the central climatic zone are characterized by periodic frosts with deep freezing of the soil. Such circumstances significantly shorten the growing season of grapes. Not so long ago, the cultivation of this crop was considered impossible under these conditions. In the course of the long-term work of specialists and amateur gardeners, the cultivation of certain varieties has become much more accessible. These include:

• Delight;
• Muscat delight;
• Delight is oval;
• Codryanka;
• Timur;
• Eurostandard;
• Krasa Don;
• Kishmish of Zaporozhye;
• Agustin;
• Laura;
• Tukay and others.

Hybrids with a ripening period of 125 days from the moment of opening the eyes are very popular. In the chernozem zone, this period falls approximately at the end of summer. Varieties that meet these characteristics:

• Arcadia;
• Aleshenkin;
• Agat Donskoy;
• Seedless Russball;
• Bulgaria is stable;
• Victoria;
• Delight is red;
• Delight is black;
• Pulse;
• Summer Muscat;
• Marianna and others.

A hybrid of grapes, variety Victoria

The best grape varieties for wine

Some viticulture skeptics continue to argue that the "northern" varieties are not suitable for making wine. Gardeners - lovers of the middle lane successfully refute this dogma, although there are not so many hybrids suitable for winemaking under these conditions. These include varieties with white berries:

1. Muscat Golden Rossoshansky.
2. Crystal.
3. Prim (Poalatina).
4. Early dawn.

Dark berry hybrids are presented:

• Rondo;
• Bars;
• Magic;
• Marinovsky;
• Dobrynya;
• August PE;
• 1 – 95.

To obtain high-quality wine, it is necessary not only to choose the desired variety, but also to wait for its full maturity. The taste of the wine and its strength depend on this. This is the content of sugar and acid as a preservative. The higher these indicators, the more valuable the wine. In the characteristics of the variety for winemaking, these properties are indicated in the ratio of parts. For example, 2: 1 is two parts of sugar, one is acid. The higher the first number, the sweeter the grapes, respectively, the higher the second, the more sour.

The official ratio for white wines is 19: 8, for reds - 21: 9. The required indicators are measured with special devices, sugar content - with a refractometer, acid, using a set for titrated acidity. The indicator of acid-base balance is also important, for white wines - pH = 3.2, for red wines - pH = 3.5. For measurement, use indicator strips to determine the pH level.

Once the grapes have reached the desired characteristics, they can be harvested for making wine.

Curly grape varieties for gazebos

The grape is a woody climbing liana. She not only bears useful fruits, but also decorates the garden. Experts and amateurs alike successfully use it in landscape design for beauty and shade. This creeping shrub is especially helpful in those areas where there is no place for planting trees and large shrubs.

Like any liana, grapes require support. One of them can be a gazebo. Such a garden structure is classified as a small architectural form (LFA). Although its main purpose is functional, the gazebo serves for relaxation, nevertheless, it bears a decorative load, decorates the landscape. In this, grapes help her. In summer, it creates beauty with leaves and fruits, in winter with intricate weaving of vines. This vine has another important quality, it creates a shadow. To make the most of this property, it is important to choose the right planting site.

To protect from the scorching sun in the afternoon, it is better to place the grapes on the southwest side of the gazebo, then the length of the shadow from noon to sunset increases in size and changes direction from north to northeast. Thus, it saves those who are in the gazebo from the heat, even if it is an open canopy on supports.

For gazebos, varieties with the greatest length of the vine are used. Winter hardiness and uniformity of crown overgrowing are also important. Non-covering varieties of American hybridization meet these qualities:

• Alpha;
• Lydia;
• Buffalo;
• Valiant.

If in the region low temperatures in winter reach minus 400, then the following are suitable:

• Lydia;
• Isabel;
• Alpha;
• Concorde.

Gardeners of the middle lane successfully use vigorous varieties derived from the Amur species of grapes:

1. Amur bisexual.
2. Taiga.
3. Bruskam.
4. Khasansky sweet.

Also popular are hybrids from the collection of A.I. Potapenko:

• August PE;
• Olenevsky black;
• Marinovsky;
• Amethyst.

To form the crown of grapes, methods are used that differ from row planting. Arbor varieties are pruned as vertical or fan cordons.

Methods for forming grapes on gazebos are presented in the table:

Name	Features of the method
Vertical cordon	In the first year, only a vertical stem is created, removing all horizontal shoots. From the second year, sleeves are formed at a distance of 40 cm from the ground. The resulting cordon is cut into 3 fruit buds every year in the fall. As a result, the main crown is located at the top, like a roof, and the lower part is a trunk.
Fan crown	Forms 4 or more sleeves up to 1.5 m with fruit links after 50 cm. The stem (stem) is often absent. The sleeves are renewed only when freezing.

Trellis grape varieties

Grapes on trellises are formed with high cordons for two reasons, shoots that are in close proximity to the ground are more easily affected by diseases than the upper ones. In addition, cold air accumulates at the foot, while warm air masses rise upward. This feature was noticed by the Austrian winegrower Lenz Moser. Its formation system, named after the author by the Moser cordon, differs from the traditional one.

Liana is evenly distributed along the support from both sides, in the form of a bush. The natural craving for the sun promotes the distribution of flower buds along the outer surface of the crown. In this case, the height of the support can reach 2 m or more. Such a construction fulfills not only a utilitarian role, but also creates a landscape effect - it decorates the garden and gives shade.Read also the article: → "DIY grape trellis".

Arched grapes on supports

Another small architectural form is the arch, which consists of two pillars connected by a rounded vault. They are usually located above the paths or at the entrance. They serve to pass under them. Their height at the top point is 2, 2 m, and the distance between the supports is equal to the length of the track, plus 30 cm on each side to strengthen the supports. The grapes are usually placed on the outside of the bases.

Often the arch is located in an open area, not sheltered from the wind. For this reason, it is important to select varieties that are resistant to drafts and frost, since they hibernate without shelter. These include "isable" hybrids of American varieties, but in addition to them, Victoria, Agat, Krasa Severa, Kishmish are successfully grown.

Tip # 1. To obtain a harvest on decorative supports, it is better to use early ripening varieties: Early Pineapple, Golden Muscat, Armalaga, Balabanovsky. Buffalo, Wilder and others.

Distinctive features of the formation of grapes

Many varieties are successfully used for all types of small architectural forms, but differ in the way they are formed. The grapes on the arbors and arches are directed to the one-sided arrangement of the fruits from the outside of the MAF, so that the shoots and fruits do not interfere with those who pass or rest under them.

Trellis allows you to create the shape of a vine in the form of a small tree or bush with a high crown. In this case, the sleeves are placed evenly around the support, the bunches hang freely and can be approached from all sides. This technique is used in landscape design, as a solitaire - a single copy.

For trellises that are viewed from all sides, varieties are used, such as for gazebos.

Caring for uncovered grapes on decorative supports

The work of forming the crown and preparing for winter is greatly facilitated by non-covering varieties. They don't need to be cut in a special way like technical ones. As a rule, they are resistant to disease, so they only need preventive treatment against pathogens. A popular way to increase yields and protect against diseases is to treat the crown with natural remedies:

• solution of milk or milk whey 1:10;
• 10% mullein infusion.

Non-covering varieties do not need to be removed from the support for the winter, because they, like ordinary shrubs, tolerate cold in the open. In order for the grapes to successfully endure frosts, it is important to water and feed them well. For each bush, 4 buckets of warm +200 water are needed, in which ½ kg of ash is mixed. Read also the article: → "Rules for caring for grapes in the open field: watering, pruning, bait."

Tip # 2. In the spring, watering is carried out before flowering, and the next after flowering. With the onset of ripening of berries, watering is canceled.

Mistakes when choosing uncovered grapes

Mistake # 1. Planting varieties not typical for the area.

Modern Internet services for sending out planting material confuse gardeners by offering grape varieties that are completely unsuitable for the conditions of the middle lane. As a rule, these are thermophilic varieties that do not hibernate at low temperatures.

Mistake # 2. Dense planting near decorative supports.

If the goal is to create shadow, then this arrangement is warranted. But if harvesting is expected, then the distance between the bushes must be maintained, as in the technological planting of the variety, otherwise the berries will be small and sour from lack of sun.

Mistake number 3. Planting grapes without taking into account the location of the MAF on the cardinal points.

The most illuminated place is the southern or southeastern sides of the support or arbor. In this position, the grapes will receive the longest duration of illumination.

Heading "Questions and Answers"

Question number 1. We planted an uncovered medium-ripening grape variety, but the berries did not ripen. Why?

The ripening period is determined from budding to full maturity of the fruit.These times are often indicated for warm climatic regions. Most likely, the required period is shorter in your area. It is better to choose early maturing varieties.

Question number 2. The grapes wintered well, and in the spring the lower branches dried out. Why?

For some varieties, spring temperature drops are more dangerous than frosts. Lower shoots are more susceptible to freezing because cold air masses accumulate closer to the ground.

Question number 3. For several years the grapes were healthy, this year they are heavily covered with a white bloom. What happened to him?

This is downy mildew - mildew, the most common and harmful disease. Spread by wind, insects and birds. It was not worth waiting for infection, even disease-resistant varieties are treated with fungicides for prophylaxis. This can be done before the ovary appears on the bunches.

Question number 4. How many grape bushes should be planted near the arch?

It depends on the width of the support. At least 3 m wide for each plant.

Question number 5. How high can grapes be grown on a gazebo?

The optimum height is 3 - 3.5 m, it is this size of grapes that is convenient for pruning.

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Grapes are one of the most thermophilic plants that loves to be carefully looked after and taken care of. Gardeners who decide to breed it in the northern regions have to face various difficulties and make efforts to get a good harvest.

But not everything is so bleak. Over the past few years, as a result of the hard work of breeders, many uncovered grape varieties have appeared, which are resistant even to severe winter cold.

The climate in the Moscow region can be compared with the northern regions of the country. Autumn frosts and long winters force gardeners to look for the best uncovered grape varieties for harvesting. We will consider the most popular and frost-resistant ones below.

Good uncovered grape varieties for the Moscow region

Frost-resistant varieties the plants fell in love with winegrowers immediately after their appearance. It is not hard to guess that it is much easier to care for them in the northern regions. They do not need to be covered or specially prepared for the onset of winter. Growing grapes with such characteristics is much more profitable for summer residents, and much less physical strength is required for growing. Often these types of plants are chosen by novice gardeners, and this is right, therefore, with a minimum of effort to care for it, you can get the maximum result. Uncovering grapes has immunity not only to cold, but also to pests and diseases.

Breeders have bred a lot of good varieties suitable for growing not only in the Moscow region, but also in more northern regions. Their productivity is no worse than that of more whimsical species. Grapes for the Moscow region can be selected according to various criteria, such as immunity to diseases, ripening period and temperature conditions at which the plant can not be covered.

"Anniversary of Novocherkassk"

This variety is considered the most popular among uncovered grape varieties. In any rating of frost-resistant varieties there is a place for it. It can be safely planted in the suburbs. The temperature to which this variety can adapt without shelter ranges from -25 to -30 degrees. Its biggest advantages are early ripening and very large clusters, the weight of which can reach 3.5 kilograms.

When eating its fruits, the skin is not felt at all, the taste is very pleasant, rather sweet. Oval berries are juicy and crispy, pale pink in color with a shimmer. "Jubilee of Novocherkassk" has a high immunity to various kinds of infections and diseases. It is very simple to care for it, the variety is unpretentious, and it brings a large harvest every year. For him, you do not need to specially prepare and fertilize the site..

"Jubilee Novocherkassk" is well suited for propagation by cuttings, which quickly take root in almost any climatic conditions. They can also be grafted onto other bushes, while obtaining a plant with high yields and non-covering properties. You need to take care of seedlings only in the first 3 years of life until a strong root system is formed.

"Kishmish Radiant"

This grape variety for the Moscow region is known all over the world for its taste and high yield. On its basis, breeders are developing more and more new plant species. Its frost resistance is not as high as that of the Novocherkassk Jubilee, but this is not the main reason why beginners and experienced gardeners choose it. In the northern regions, you still need to cover the bushes.

Bunches begin to ripen early, literally in 4-4.5 months, depending on weather conditions. The color of the berries is pink-purple, the taste is very rich and soft, moderately sweet. The berries are quite large, up to 2 cm in diameter and weigh about 7 grams. Harvesting usually begins between 15 and 25 August, and up to 1 kilogram of the crop can be harvested from one bunch. It can be easily transported and stored.

The "Kishmish Radiant" has a number of disadvantages that must be taken into account before landing in the Moscow region:

• Low non-covering properties: the temperature that the bush can withstand without shelter is not lower than -15 degrees.
• It is not recommended to open it in early spring, the spring frosts can harm the bush.
• Careful care and constant formation of the bush is needed.
• The taste of berries depends on the application of fertilizers of frequent watering; without them, the taste is lost.

"Tason"

This table type differs from the rest by the active growth of vines in height. A record number of berries can be obtained from one bush. "Tason" belongs to the early varieties, for the full ripening of the bunches it takes only 95-110 days. Even in the coldest northern regions, you can get your first crop before mid-spring. Half shoots from all over the bush - fertile branches, from each of which you can get up to 4 kilograms of berries.

On large clusters weighing from 0.5 to 1.3 kg, oval-shaped berries of white-red color grow. This is one of the sweetest grape berries among the uncovered varieties. Growers choose this variety for cultivation for sale, the harvest from it can be easily transported and conveniently stored.

As for frost resistance, it is considered one of the highest. It is only necessary to cover the bushes if the temperature has dropped below -23 degrees. Tason has a high resistance to diseases, especially for powdery mildew, however, there is no such high immunity against fungi.

"Crystal"

Good technical grade, suitable for making juices, wines and other food and drinks. It is highly valued by winemakers for the content of the right amount of sugar in berries. Small brushes, up to 200 grams, oval berries are also small and uniform in size. In the process of maturation gradually change their color from green to pale yellow.

Vines of "Kristall" do not grow very tall, but at the same time they give a lot of yield. Almost all shoots bear fruit and can grow from 50 to 60 eyes. For technical purposes, "Kristall" is ideal, even in spite of the small size of the berries. Its most important quality is the quantity of the crop. Quality and delicious dry wines from this variety can be prepared even in the suburbs.

Depending on the weather, the vegetative period of "Kristall" can last from 110 to 130 days, so it belongs to the early varieties. The temperature at which it is possible to grow the "Kristalla" grape bush without shelter reaches -30 degrees, which favorably distinguishes it among the uncovered grape varieties.

With all the indisputable advantages of "Kristall", it also has a number of disadvantages:

• Leaves and shoots must be constantly pruned to form a bush.If this is not done, the crop may crumble from the branches until it is fully ripe.
• Despite its resistance to some diseases, the variety cannot boast of immunity to fungal infections, so it needs to be processed regularly.
• Wet and cold weather during the ripening period can lead to a deterioration in their taste. This reduces the share of the crop suitable for making drinks.

"Christina"

This is one of the most popular uncovered grapes, suitable for the climate of the Moscow region. Grape growers love it for its good taste and moderate sweetness. With a sufficiently high frost resistance the plant does not require special care even in the most capricious climates. It can withstand low temperatures down to -25 degrees.

Appearance of Christina berries - this is one of the traits for which everyone loves this species. There are no small clusters on the vine; they are all large and conical in shape. Oval-shaped berries of bright pink color with a shimmer. Their only drawback is that the berries are not always the same size on the same bunch.

"Pearl Saba"

The type "Pearl Saba" is the result of painstaking work of Hungarian breeders. He quickly won a place of honor among everyone's favorite grape varieties for the Moscow region. Even beginners in gardening know him.

The reason for this popularity became the ability to quickly get used to any climatic conditions and good frost resistance. In winter, you may not cover this variety if the temperature in the region does not drop below -28 degrees. "Pearl Saba" is immune to pests.

Large clusters grow juicy berries, very sweet and fragrant. The bushes look very impressive due to the bright green clusters.

"Isabel"

The second name of this variety, known to many gardeners, is "Lydia". It is often used in winemaking for making white wine due to its high tannin content.

"Isabella" has good qualities, therefore it is suitable not only for technical use, but also for dining. Small berries taste very unusual, when consumed, you can feel the strawberry aftertaste.

With careful care of a bush from one bunch, you can get up to 2 kilograms of a good harvest. If you wait until ripening, you can also collect red-blue berries from the bush.

Due to its high frost resistance, "Isabella" is popular among gardeners in the Moscow region. The temperature, which the bush tolerates well without shelter, reaches -28 degrees. In addition to frost resistance, this species can boast of high immunity to pests common in the Moscow region: oidium and mildew.

"Transfiguration"

"Transfiguration" is considered a new variety, but it has already established itself as a grape with the ability to quickly take root. It ripens very quickly - from 100 to 120 days.

The bunches are large enough, can reach weights from 0.5 to 2 kg. Large berries grow on them. The average weight of one grape is 15 grams. The color of the bunch is pale pink, the bush looks very beautiful due to the fruits.

The taste is not inferior to the appearance. It is very tender, moderately sweet, but at the same time with a slight sourness. Gardeners note the good yield of the grape bush: from it you can get up to 18 kilograms of sweet fruits.

The undoubted plus of "Preobrazheniya" is its high frost resistance, up to -25 degrees without shelter. Immunity to fungal infections is average, so you need to periodically carry out measures to prevent diseases. The disadvantage of this variety is its attractiveness for wasps due to the sweetness of the fruit. Talso in areas with high humidity the quality of the fruit can deteriorate dramatically.

Features of caring for uncovered grapes in the Moscow region

Before planting frost-resistant grapes, you must familiarize yourself with all its features:

1. For cultivation, you need to select areas with good lighting.This recommendation especially applies to gardeners who grow grapes in the northern regions of the country and in the Moscow region. If there is not enough sunlight for the plant, the growing season will be much longer. In this case, the quality of the bunches, including their taste, may suffer.
2. It is better to choose a site for planting on a hill in order to protect the bush from sewage, which can flood it after rains or melting snow. Excessive moisture can cause the root system to rot, which will lead to the death of the plant.
3. Before planting, you need to dig a trench in advance. Drainage and a layer of soil are poured into it and left for some time so that the earth is saturated with moisture and minerals.
4. When planting seedlings, you need to retreat a sufficient distance between them. It is chosen depending on the grape variety, and it can be from 1 to 2 meters.
5. Some gardeners use this trick: they dig a trench next to the roots of the plant and put plastic bottles with holes in it. It is then very convenient to introduce additional food and water through them.
6. Regardless of the grape variety, for the first 3 years, the seedlings must be covered with plastic wrap or wooden flooring.

The grape possesses such a unique property as vertical polarity. This means that the bush is growing upward and requires a garter. At the same time, fertile vines tied to horizontal beams so that the bush has the correct shape and develops evenly. If you restrict yourself to only vertical tying, then this will negatively affect the shape of the main vine. It will become too long, stopping the growth of the side and bottom shoots.

With regard to watering, you need to be as careful as possible. It is imperative to moisten the soil only for young seedlings that have not reached the age of two, and for all bushes in the fall, in order to saturate the soil with water before winter. It is strictly forbidden to water the vines a week before the end of the flowering period, otherwise the flowers may fall off. This can cause very low yields and small and sour berries.

Some gardeners carry out the procedure for spraying the bushes, but this cannot be done, since as a result of it, infections and bacteria have a chance to reproduce.

A wide variety of frost-resistant varieties grapes allow you to grow it in any regions of Russia, which were previously unfavorable for this plant. Compliance with the rules of caring for various varieties provides even novice gardeners with a good harvest for many years.

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Previously, grapes were considered an exclusively southern plant, the cultivation of which is possible only in warm climates. In regions with more severe climatic conditions, the culture was also grown, however, be sure to cover it for the winter so that the bush does not freeze.

However, grape varieties have now been developed that can be grown in cold areas, and they do not even need shelter for the winter. In the article, we will consider the features of uncovered grapes, we will find out its most popular varieties: including those suitable for the Moscow region and Siberia.

Peculiarities

When they say that grapes are uncovered, they mean their frost-resistant characteristics. If the variety tolerates cold and frost safely, it can be considered uncovered. Today there are varieties that can survive even a frost of -40 degrees, and there are those that cannot stand temperatures below -10-15 degrees. And if the first grade does not need to be covered, then the second is a must, since in most regions of our country the temperature is lower in winter.

Non-covering grape varieties

The most frost-resistant varieties today are considered to be Isabella hybrids bred in America. I must say that absolutely all non-covering grape varieties are hybrid, artificially bred. By nature, the plant practically does not possess frost-resistant properties.In addition to frost resistance, non-covering varieties also acquired good immunity, resistance to many diseases: gray rot, powdery mildew, phylloxera.

On the video - uncovered grape varieties:

However, the uncovering varieties of American origin also have a drawback - rather small berries and overly compact clusters. A rich harvest is therefore quite difficult to achieve. It also happens that some varieties have a not very pleasant aftertaste. And more recently, some gardeners seriously believed that there are many carcinogens in non-covering grape varieties, so they should not be cultivated. However, today it has already been scientifically proven by numerous studies that this opinion is nothing more than a bike.

What are the best grape varieties for the middle lane, and how they are called, is described in detail in the article at the link.

But when you can germinate grape shanks, and how to do it correctly, is described in great detail in the article.

It will also be useful to learn about how grape shanks are grown in winter:

You may also be interested in information on how grapes are grown from cuttings at home.

pros

What are the advantages of non-covering grape varieties.

Such plant varieties are considered universal. The berries make good wine, you can also make juice, jams, and eat fresh.

Plant varieties obtained from Isabella can be used for further breeding. Who knows - maybe you will be able to develop a new grape variety with amazing frost-resistant, fruitful and taste characteristics.

The shrub is easy to care for. As is clear, shelter for the winter is not required, which greatly facilitates the life of the gardener. Of the minuses, some experts note only the compact size of the bunch.

The video shows the positive aspects of growing grapes:

Next, we will consider the most popular and fruitful varieties of uncovered grapes, suitable for the regions of the Moscow region and Siberia. It is clear that if the grapes are able to withstand the Siberian frosts, they will, of course, be suitable for cultivation in warmer climates. Therefore, the “Siberian” varieties can automatically be considered as suitable for the middle lane.

Moscow suburbs

Ontario

This American grape is commonly used to make white table wine. All clusters are small - only about 200 grams, the berry has a greenish-golden hue. The yield is small, but the taste is excellent: the grapes are good, including fresh.

Ontario

Late variety: Ontario ripens only at the end of September. Therefore, it is not suitable for Siberia, since with the local short summer, the berries simply will not have time to ripen. The bush is able to withstand frost down to -30 degrees, has excellent health, strong immunity. It is also worth learning more about whether it is possible to spray grapes during flowering.

Seneca

This variety is great just for the Moscow region and the middle zone. A versatile variety: its greenish-yellow berries can be used in any quality. At first, the shrub grows slowly, but after it gets stronger, it begins to develop at a much faster pace.

Seneca

The weight of the bunch is 250 grams, one berry “pulls” by 4 grams. Interestingly, there is a light strawberry flavor in the taste of these berries, which makes the berries very attractive for fresh consumption. The shrub is able to tolerate frost up to -25 degrees. It will also be interesting and useful to understand whether it is possible to feed the grapes with urea.

Delight

This wonderful variety is especially loved by Belarusian winegrowers, however, it is quite possible to grow it in our Moscow region. Early variety - berries ripen within 125 days. The shrub easily tolerates frosts down to -25-30 degrees, moreover, it is resistant to all fungal infections.The plant is extremely unpretentious, for which it is especially respected by gardeners.

Delight

The berries are quite large, the weight of one bunch sometimes reaches a kilogram: as you know, the yield of the variety is very high. However, it is important to remove excess peduncles during flowering so as not to overload the shrub, otherwise the overall yield will decrease. It is also worth paying attention to how to plant a two-year-old grape seedling in the spring.

Romulus

This variety resembles kish-mish due to the lack of seeds. It belongs to the early maturing species: greenish-golden berries ripen in 120 days. All one bunch is about 300 grams. The berries have a very pleasant taste - strawberry-pineapple.

Romulus

It should be noted that, despite its frost resistance, this shrub is rather difficult to care for. He does not tolerate excess moisture: this fact immediately affects the yield. In addition, you will have to monitor the overload of the shrub, removing unnecessary peduncles in time. But what frost-resistant varieties of table grapes exist, how they are called, and how they look, can be seen here.

Hope aksai

The variety was bred in the south of Russia, its “parents” are the best representatives of Rostov grapes. The shrub tolerates transplanting remarkably, takes root easily, and is able to grow immediately in open ground, without prior greenhouse aging.

Hope aksai

The berries themselves are large, the clusters are massive and heavy. Ripening occurs at the end of August, the variety is resistant to diseases, easily tolerates frosts down to -30 degrees.

Lucille

It is a rose grape variety suitable for jams and juices. All bunches - 320 grams, berries - 3 grams. It should be noted that if the summer is cold, then the taste of the berries will be sour, and vice versa - the more sunny and hot the weather is, the sweeter the berries will be. Productivity is high, but only starting from the third year: the first two years after planting, the shrub adapts and gains strength.

Lucille

It is clear that, in addition to the Moscow region, the grape varieties discussed in this section can be grown in other areas with a similar climate: and this is practically the entire vast middle zone of Russia. Not to mention the more southern regions. And here you can see. what Timur grapes look like in the photo, and also learn about the features of its cultivation at home.

Siberia

To the delight of northerners winegrowers, modern breeding has already developed a sufficient number of frost-resistant plant varieties. But, although the species are not covered, most of them can hardly tolerate temperatures below -30. Therefore, if in winter it is usually colder in your place, it is still better to provide shelter, albeit not too thorough. So, let's consider the types of uncovered grapes suitable for the Siberian region.

Balabanovsky

Grapes of this variety are able to safely withstand frosts at -27 degrees. Of course, in Siberia, frosts are most often stronger, so the Balabanovsky variety is recommended for cultivation in the south of the region. The variety belongs to the early - berries take 125 days to ripen. At the end of August, as a rule, the harvest is already harvested.

Balabanovsky

Since the bunches are not too large, the berries are most often used for making juice or wine. The grape belongs to the blue species, has a strong skin and juicy, pleasant to the taste, pulp. Balabanovskiy grapes have good keeping quality, they are well resistant to infectious and fungal diseases.

Buffalo

It is a very popular variety among winemakers. The berries in this case are dark blue, very juicy, tasty: table wine from them is of excellent quality. In addition, the shrub is highly productive. If you form a shrub in the form of an arch, then during the season you can collect about 100 kg of berries from one bush. A bunch, on average, weighs half a kilogram, and one berry weighs about 4-5 grams.

Buffalo

It tolerates frost down to -30 degrees: it is clear that this is a critical temperature, below which the grapes will no longer be able to withstand and freeze. If in your area the temperature drops lower in winter, it is best to cover the bush.

Amurskiy

Many gardeners prefer this particular variety for cultivation in Siberia. It is also suitable for the Moscow region, of course. In addition to high yields, Amur grapes are also very decorative in appearance: its leaves have an unusual purple-crimson hue.

Amurskiy

The shrub is able to withstand frost down to -40 degrees. In addition, the plant has remarkable immunity, it tolerates transplanting, pruning, and other garden manipulations very well. Pruning is necessary for him, since the shrub gives many shoots.

The average weight of a bunch is 100-150 grams, but it can also be found up to 250 grams. Amur grapes are versatile: they are equally good when fresh, they are used to make wine and juice. Its bones are also used: they make high-quality cosmetic oil, as well as a healthy coffee substitute.

F 14-75

The shrub is remarkably resistant to frost, however, its berries are not large enough. It belongs to the early maturing species - the crop is usually harvested in mid-August. The berries are very tasty and have a slight nutmeg hue.

F 14-75

Seat selection

Although the grapes are not covered, however, it is better to find a place in the garden for it on the south side. In this case, the plant will get more sun: the berries will ripen faster, their taste will become richer, and the shrub itself will be much more comfortable.

The soil should not be swampy: it is strictly forbidden to place shrubs in the lowland. It is very good to place plants on a slope: if your site can provide this opportunity, then this is just great, especially if the slope is on the south side.

The video shows the choice of a place for planting grapes:

If the soil contains a lot of sand, it is recommended to plant shrubs in trenches, and if the soil is wet or close to groundwater, then it is better to form high ridges where grapes are then planted.

So, we examined the features of non-covering grape varieties. As you can see, you can grow this tasty and healthy berry not only living in the south of the country, but also in the middle lane, and even in Siberia. Do not let the harsh winter stop you: modern science is meeting gardeners halfway, and every year more and more frost-resistant grape varieties appear on the market. In addition, their quality and taste characteristics are constantly improving.