Best wines

Content

1 Consider several well-known varieties of wines
2 Some of the world's most famous wines
3 Italian preferences
4 A little about table wines
5 Let's talk about elite wines
6 A little about fortified wines
7 Sparkling
8 Classification of wine depending on the amount of carbon dioxide in the drink
9 Champagne wines
10 Sweet wines
11 Let's summarize
12 Why is the best wine dry?
13 Good dry white wine
14 The best red dry wines
15 The best red and white dry wines
16 The best wine grape varieties
17 The best white varieties for winemaking
18 What are the best varieties for red wine
19 Most common wine varieties

True connoisseurs of this wondrous drink know for sure that wine is not guilty. This is not a secret to anyone. Wine varieties are varied. First of all, this is due to the grape variety taken as the basis for the manufacture of this wonderful drink. The recipe for making wine plays a significant role. Some keep it in oak barrels, others prefer glassware. The temperature regime and the method of filtration are also not in the last place in the process of preparing this drink.

Consider several well-known varieties of wines

First, you should consider what groups the drink is divided into. There are not many of them. Among the wine groups are the following:

Table wines. The alcohol content in them is low. Usually reaches 14% rpm, but may be less. In addition, the low sugar content should be noted.
Dessert strong wines. The degree of alcohol in them is higher. Moreover, sugar in such wines can contain up to 13%.
Up to 15 turns in dessert semi-sweet wines. Sugar barely reaches 10%, but often less. Such a group of wines can rightfully be called universal, as it suits many in terms of its taste.
There is a lot of sugar in dessert sweet varieties. Sometimes it reaches 32%, and starts from a value that is half the maximum indicator. The revolutions are usually 13-16.

Whatever the group of wines discussed above, there is a division into red, white and rosé. They are all good in their own way, and there is a fan for each type. Whether it's white, red, or rosé, it doesn't matter, the leaders among them top the list of the best in the world!

Some of the world's most famous wines

White wine variety (7th in the list of the best wines in the world) Chateau d'Yquem Sauternes 2009 has earned its title for a reason.Moderate strength (14%) of this wonderful white drink, combined with an unrivaled bouquet, make it a favorite on the tables of wealthy people. White wine variety (7th in the world ranking) Chateau d'Yquem Sauternes 2009 is not one of the "ancient" ones, but this did not prevent it from getting such an honorable place.

Among the popular drinks in the world from among the most expensive, you can also find something interesting. Light wines are renowned for their versatility. For example, "Chardonnay". This wine lies at the origin of the creation of the best and most expensive alcoholic beverages in the world. Its aroma is generously enriched with lemon and oily aromas. A soft and pleasant bouquet to the liking of most lovers. Although there are drinks that are completely different in their qualities, light wines are considered the best among all. Sauvignon blanc occupies the second shelf among white drinks. This wine can be safely called cult, like Chardonnay.

Italian preferences

The varieties of Italian wines are also varied. Sunny Italy has long been famous for its art in this matter. Each wine variety is good in its own way. This has been proven over time. Even those people who, it would seem, have tried a huge number of different wines, sometimes cannot make a choice in favor of one or another type of drink. But many connoisseurs prefer Italian wines. Among the white "representatives" of such a drink in Italy, Riesling is in the lead, and for good reason! After all, it has a truly unforgettable taste and wonderful aroma! Cabernet Sauvignon firmly holds the leading position among red wines. But again: the taste and color, as they say, there is no comrade. And it is especially difficult to choose varieties of Italian wines, because they are all attractive in their own way. Perhaps everything is due to the geographical factor. After all, Italy seems to have been created to grow the best grape varieties!

A little about table wines

The variety of table wine that has won the trust of lovers of this drink is called cardinal. This variety is a native of sunny California (one of the states of the United States). The grapes for the production of this "Californian" begin to be harvested at the end of August. Its taste is excellent, as is the aftertaste. It is used with pleasure by both women and men.

But Gewurztraminer Turckheim 2006, Domaine Zind-Humbrecht - a variety of white dry wine of famous brands - is truly a wonderful choice for any table for holidays and special events. Although they do not belong to the category of canteens. But to answer the question: "What kinds of wine are there?" - you can only by knowing the basics of assessing the qualities of this drink. There are reasons for this. The thing is that there are more than four and a half thousand species of red wine alone in the world! It is impossible to know all of them, and in fact there is no need.

Let's talk about elite wines

There are many different wines. As already mentioned, the whole point is in the manufacturing technology of those, raw materials, weather conditions in which the grapes grew and much more. Elite wines differ from more budgetary "brethren" not only by the high price (which famous drink lovers are willing to pay), but also by the peculiarities of the bouquet. Some of the most sophisticated representatives of the "elite" are presented to your attention:

Dom Perignon. As you know, this wine is preferred by stars, famous personalities and the richest people on our planet. It is not the leader of the "hit parade" of the most expensive drinks in the world, but it still occupies a significant niche.
The Australian manufacturer Penfolds Grange is arguably the best in Australia. A bottle of this wine will slightly reduce the tightness of your wallet. But it's worth it!
Chianti 2000, born by Badia a Passignao (the abbey that invented the variety). The aftertaste of the wine is vanilla-chocolate, and the taste is fruity.

Of course, there are many elite wines in the world. Each year, the lists are updated, replenishing with more and more new representatives of certain varieties. But nevertheless, the above bright representatives are quite widespread in the world and enjoy considerable popularity.Any elite wine is an unforgettable and unique taste, aroma and color. Choosing a drink to the table in honor of a special event, make your choice in favor of expensive, elite wines. You will never regret it! The money spent is nothing compared to the memory left by such drinks.

A little about fortified wines

Fortified wines are unusual and attractive in their own way. Among them there are certain divisions into classes. Exist:

Strong.
Flavored.
Dessert types of fortified wines.

Each of these drinks is wonderful and attractive. A variety of fortified wine that came to us from the distant 19th century is called port. The history of its creation is closely related to the Douro River. Since the 19th century, wine has become very popular. They tried to create an analogue of it everywhere. The recipe has come down to our time. But it is no longer accepted to call it port, at least in the EU. Many people choose this particular type of strong wine. Perhaps the whole point is in the astringency and strength inherent in the drink, and maybe in other features of the product.

Initially, following the practice of the 18th and 19th centuries, whiskey was added to port before being sent to Portugal for sale. Thus, the wine was strengthened and did not deteriorate on the way.

By the way, many countries are now using their own technologies for the production of port. Among them are the USA, Australia, England, and many other states. Each one adds something different to the original recipe, improving some of the qualities.

Sparkling

Sparkling wine varieties are varied. They differ in color, taste and other features. As, however, and non-sparkling wine varieties. Perhaps we should start with a short introduction about the very history of the origin of this type. Asti Spumante is an Italian sparkling wine. The Italians got the secret of making such a thing back in the distant 19th century from the ancient town of Champagne (at least, that's how it is commonly believed). However, the similarities between champagne and spumante were negligible. The only property that both drinks had in common was a great mood, which undoubtedly arises after taking them. The main rule for creating asti spumante is the timely harvesting, in which the deadlines are not violated. The fruit should not be overripe, but it should not be harvested when it is not fully ripe.

In France, the best sparkling wines are those that are born in:

Alsace;
Bordeaux;
Loiret;
Burgundy.

They are made using a special technology. Unlike other methods of preparing such a specific drink, the French use metal closed vats to contain fermenting wine instead of the usual glass bottles. The method of this preparation is called "sharmat".

The Spaniards began to prepare sparkling wines in 1872. And this custom was born in Catalonia. Such wines in Spain are called "cava". They have a traditional technology for preparing such a drink. And this wine needs to be aged on the lees for 6-9 years according to the technology. It tastes fruity. This is due to the characteristics of the local grapes used for its preparation. Among the most famous Spanish wines of the "cava" group you can find the following:

Perellada.
Macabeo.
Classic Chardonnay.

The technology for making such a wine is surprisingly similar to that used to make champagne in France. The product is bottled for aging in glass bottles, which are placed in the basement. But they do it in such a way that all the sediment remains on the neck of the bottle used. Then the next process takes place - sediment removal. After the sediment has been removed from the bottleneck, the Spaniards add sugar to the bottles. The sugar rate is different. This is due to various factors (the variety of grapes used to make sparkling wine, and so on). After the procedure with the addition of sugar, the bottles are closed again. This time up to serving wine to the table.

There is another classification of this wonderful drink, depending on the container in which the wine was aged, and the timing of the aging itself.They are divided into three main groups:

Aged wines.
Vintage wines.
Collectible wines.

The aged are characterized by their improved quality. They must be aged for at least six months (the countdown starts from 1.01 of the next year of yield), in large, capacious stationary containers, before they are bottled.

Vintage wines are a product of very high quality. The terms of their exposure in large stationary containers are not less than one and a half years. This is a necessary condition only for table wines of the brand group. Vintage dessert and fortified drinks must be aged for at least two years.

Collection wines are considered the best variety of the brand group. In addition to the fact that they are kept stationary in metal containers or wooden containers for a long time, they are then bottled and under enoteca conditions are additionally kept for about 3 years.

Wine can also be classified by the content of the sweet ingredient - sugar. There are five varieties, namely:

Dry table wine. It contains no sugar and the alcohol level is minimal (10-12%). This is due to the fact that the wine material is not alcoholic at all after the fermentation process. When making white drinks, grape juice ferments beforehand. The process of making a red variety is carried out a little differently. The juice is not separated from the berry pulp, fermentation takes place together, after which the liquid is squeezed out using a special press.
Semi-dry and semisweet table wines. The drink becomes like this, because the fermentation process is abruptly interrupted by strong cooling of the fermenting mass. In the starting material, about 11-13% alcohol is formed and 3-8% of sugar residues remain.
Special fortified wines. A certain amount of alcohol is added to the fermenting wort. In this case, the process stops and thereby leaves the required amount of sugar in the drink. They are also divided into strong, dessert flavored drinks.
Port wine, sherry, Madeira, Marsala are strong wines.
About 17-20% of natural alcohol and sugar (7-14%) is usually found in port. The rest of the degree was introduced during alcoholization of the drink.

Based on the aging time and the quality of the grapes, the final product can be divided into two categories. The first is ordinary wine (ordinary). In turn, it is broken down into young and high quality. Ordinary, or typical, wines are made from a variety of grape varieties that can be grown geographically anywhere in the world. The process follows the general technology and rules. The resulting drink is not stored for a long time. After six months, the wine is sold.

A natural table drink is considered young, which is sold by January 1 of the next harvest year. Higher quality for elite wines. They are produced in the most optimal and productive years of the vineyards. It is imperative that a specific grape variety and geographical area with optimal conditions for its growth and fertility be used. During harvesting, strict and careful control of raw materials by varietal composition is carried out. Processing is carried out directly at the collection point. Everything is aged in huge oak or metal vats. It can also be kept in glass containers (bottles), in this case, the organoleptic and taste qualities of such a drink are significantly improved. The aging and fermentation process takes place using special technologies. The initial alcohol content in wine is 10%. It is stored perfectly and can stand for many, many years. Over the years, its quality and price will only grow.

Classification of wine depending on the amount of carbon dioxide in the drink

By the presence of carbon dioxide in the wine, it can be divided into two types:

Quiet wine.
Effervescent or sparkling.

The complete absence of carbon dioxide in wine or its insignificant residues are characteristic of quiet varieties. Sparkling or fizzy drinks contain excessive amounts of carbon dioxide. They, in turn, are artificially saturated and receive CO2 during fermentation.There are also natural sparkling wines and ordinary sparkling wines made according to the classical principle of bottle fermentation.

Champagne wines

If you want to become a real gourmet and connoisseur of champagne, then knowing only that it is sparkling does not mean anything at all. It is classified according to the grape variety, the conditions and locality in which it was grown, the availability of sugar and the year of production. Champagne varieties can be divided into vintage and non-vintage drinks.

Two or three times in 10 years there are ideal conditions for high yields of grape fruits - vintages. A drink produced in one such year is called vintage or vintages. To produce non-vintage champagne, you need to use a mixture of Chardonnay, Pinot Meunier and Aino Noir. For him, average quality wine of the last two or three years is used in the amount of 15-40%.

There are four types of champagne:

Cuvees de prestige (special or delux) is considered the oldest and most aged sparkling drink from an expensive grape variety.
White from white. Made from Chardonnay grapes (only white varieties) - blanc de blancs.
White from black. The grapes "Pinot Noir" and "Pinot Meunier" are blank de noirs (red varieties).
As a result of mixing and combining white and red wines, you get rose, that is, pink.

Sweet wines

Lovers of sweet, delicious wines need to know the best varieties. These include semillon (semillon), muscadelle (muscadelle), gewurztraminer (gewurzstraminer), tocai (tokai), riesling (riesling), muscat (muscat of Alsace), chardonnay (chardonnay). This list is far from complete, but this selection contains the most refined and popular varieties of sweet wine, loved by true gourmets.

In order to become a real connoisseur and a person who is well versed in wines, you need to know all the classifications, their meanings and basic facts related to the conditions and terrain of growing grape fruits. It is also very important to be able to select the right variety depending on the holiday or event. Even in spite of different tastes and customs, there are cases that require the mandatory presence of a certain bottle of wine. For example, how can you celebrate and meet the New Year without a good bottle of sparkling champagne? Many simply cannot imagine this particular holiday without it.

Let's sum up

Enjoy delicious drinks of all categories and varieties. Having tried each of them, you can draw certain conclusions and opt for one or more types. Moreover, the assortment is designed for every taste and wallet of a gourmet client. Although there are often excellent wines at a reasonable price. Especially often they can be found among the new varieties that have not yet managed to fall in love with the world community, but are still endowed with excellent taste. Experiment, because everything in life is worth trying (within reason, of course)!

Everything flows, everything changes, but not the boundless love of gourmets for good white and red dry wines. In many countries (in particular in Italy, France, Georgia), wine is a national drink that is consumed by the population, excuse me, like a compote.
Our compatriots, who are not accustomed to the daily drinking of merlot at dinner, want to know: what dry wine is good, and in fact, what do these Frenchmen drink - red or white dry wine?

Why is the best wine dry?

If we like it to be sweeter and stronger, then in Europe, preference is given to dry wine. High-quality dry wine belongs to products, the price segment of which is always above average.

Today we will talk only about those wines that were prepared by not partial, but complete fermentation of grape must. (The residual sugar content in a good dry wine is not more than 0.3%). It is dry wines that make up the main assortment of collection, vintage and ordinary drinks. Only dry wine can rightfully be called a natural drink, clean and healthy.

The term "dry wines" cannot be taken literally, since a wine drink is a liquid. The concept of "dry" in this sense is the opposite of the concept of "sweet", since the sugar contained in grape juice turns into alcohol during the fermentation process of dry wines.

Dry wines, which are obtained by fermentation of grapes such as Merlot, Lambrusco, Cabernet, Negrette, Aglianico, Sauvignon, etc. are classified as dry red or table wines.

Dry white wines are made from grapes that have been previously peeled. Winemakers most often use varieties such as Muscat, Chardonnay, Vernacha, Riesling, Greco, Tokay and others.

Good dry white wine

In most cases, white wines are consumed "young", since the most valuable thing in them is the refined aroma and taste of fresh grapes. At the same time, if light wine is stored in barrels longer than the permissible limit, it quickly begins to darken and lose its refreshing fruity taste. Plus, it gets bland and dry.

In a completely different way, white wine "matures" in bottles - the aging period grows, and the taste improves.

What does the color of dry white wine indicate?

pallor indicates light taste;
transparency and shine - characterize high acidity;
a matte shade indicates the softness of the drink;
a straw-golden hue indicates the maturity of the wine;
a white-greenish tint, as a rule, is inherent in young drinks;
amber color indicates maturity;
a grayish or brown disc rim indicates wine spoilage.

The best brands of dry wines - attention to the cork

Surprisingly, the most expensive item in a bottle of wine is the cork. The longer the wine is supposed to be stored and the better it is, the longer and more expensive its cork will be. So the length of the cork is a reliable guideline when it comes to choosing a wine.

Natural corks not only reliably protect the wine from penetration of harmful oxygen, but also carry very important information.

The cork of a good dry white wine will always show:

harvest year;
the vineyard where the wine was produced;
the name of the company that carried out the bottling;
the city in which the farm is located;
manufacturer code or brand.

The benefits and harms of dry white wine

A glass of good white wine for dinner is very good for the human body. The drink helps to digest food, fights fatigue and even colds. But at the same time, the abuse of grape wine completely devalues its nutritional value. The first signs of wine alcoholism are manifested in the desire to drink 200-400 ml not only for dinner, but also at lunch. It is noteworthy that many people are truly convinced that wine is healthy in any quantity and does not pose any potential danger. Of course it is not. Any alcohol in large quantities definitely affects the appearance of a person and his health in general.

According to medical research, 100 g of dry white wine drunk at dinner does not have a toxic effect on the body, but at the same time it is saturated with biologically important elements.

Snack for white dry wine

The main purpose of dry white wines is to subtly emphasize the exquisite taste of some dishes. That is why white wine is most often used as an aperitif to whet the appetite. Below are examples of what is served with dry wine.

Gastronomic combination of dry white wine with food:

seafood: lobsters, lobsters, shrimps, oysters, mussels, crayfish, red and black caviar + Portuguese "Primus";
lean fish + Chilean "Amplus" Chardonnay;
cold meats (poultry, veal, game) + Italian "Turmhof";
pates + French "Clos Floriden";
cheese "ricotta", "mozzarella", "feta", "mascarpone", "cantal", "parmesan", "emmental" and many others. + Australian "Oxford Landing";
grilled vegetables + German "Shartshof";
bread + South African "Savannah";
fruit + Georgian "Tsinandali".

Foods incompatible with dry white wine: citrus fruits, tobacco, chocolate, nuts and highly spicy culinary products and dishes with a taste of vinegar.

The best red dry wines

4500 - about the same number of dry red wines in the world. Impressive. Most of them are certainly not worth spending your money and time on. But not recognizing the taste of dry red Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz or Pinot Noir - think, will regret torment you on the slope of the last days of your life?

What color should a good dry red wine be?

Let's start with what color of wine should alert you.

The turbidity of the drink is the first sign that the wine has either deteriorated, or is experiencing a premature death (and this also happens!), Or the manufacturer used bad grapes, not disdaining even rotten berries.

deep, bright color of the wine indicates a good quality of the harvest;
purple, pomegranate, dark ruby, violet or cherry hues speaks of the youthfulness of dry wine;
lighter drinks, for example, orange with a crown of ocher hue, are mature and harmonious (but if a yellowish crown appears in a short-lived wine, this is the first sign that the wine has withered).

Wine bottle shapes

If you want to buy good red dry wine, choose elite brands in “heavy” bottles of Burgundy, Bordeaux or Alsatian “flute” made of dark brown and green glass.

The benefits and harms of dry red wine

Drinking dry red wine in large quantities is as harmful as taking pure poison from time to time. Moderation is important in drinking good wine, and then fermented grape juice will really have an extremely healing effect. Namely:

saturate the body with important macro- and microelements;
have a beneficial effect on the work of the cardiovascular system;
have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract;
reduce antitumor activity;
prevent premature aging;
stimulate the work of the endocrine glands;
tone up during the day and improve sleep at night.

What do they drink red dry wine with?

The more piquant and spicy the dish is, the better it will go with dry wine. But at the same time, the choice of food for wine should be determined by the following principle: the more complex the taste of the dish, the lighter the wine should be, the simpler the snack, the richer the drink itself should be.

Gastronomic combination of dry red wine with food:

cheese and dishes with it (for example, pasta and lasagna) + Tuscan "Brunello di Montalcino";
baked game + Georgian "Kindzmarauli"
ripe fruits: pears, plums, peaches, apples, mango + Italian "Amarone";
fried red meat: lamb, pork, beef + Argentinean "Kaiken Terroir Series";
mushrooms + French "Le Cornu"
unsweetened desserts + Burgundy "Beaujolais Nouveau"

Fermented and pickled vegetables, vanilla, mint, cinnamon are not compatible with dry red wine.

The best red and white dry wines

French dry red wines

Chateau de Chamirey, Mercurey Rouge made from Pinot Noir grapes
Moet & Chandon Nectar Imperial from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier
Le "G" de Chateau Guiraud from Sauvignon Blanc and Semiln grapes

Italian dry red wines

Poggio all'Oro Brunello di Montalcino Riserva from Brunello grapes
"Turmhof" Chardonnay from Chardonnay grapes
Masi, "Costasera" Amarone Classico from Corvina, Molinara and Rondinella grapes

Portuguese dry red wines

Quinta do Crasto, "Crasto" from grapes Tinta Barroca, Tinta Roriz and Turig Frances
Enoforum, "Alente Reserva" from the grapes of Alicante, Trincadeira and Aragones
Pegoes, Adega de Pegoes from Chardonnay, Antau Vazh and Arinto grapes

Russian dry red wines

Usadba Divnomorskoe "Chardonnay from Chardonnay grapes;
Winery Vedernikov, "Sibirkoviy" Oak Aged from Sibirkovy grapes
Abrau-Durso Gold, Brut from Pinot Noir, Riesling and Chardonnay

Dry red wines of Germany

Burg Ravensburg, Spatburgunder from Pinot Noir grapes
A.Christmann, Konigsbach Riesling trocken from Riesling grapes
Keller, "Cuvee -f-" from Pinot Noir and Dornfelder grapes

Georgian dry red wines

Teliani Valley, Saperavi from Saperavi grapes
Teliani Valley, "Mukuzani" from Saperavi grapes
Kindzmarauli Marani from Kisi grapes (semi-sweet red vintage wine)

American dry white and red wines (USA)

Duckhorn Decoy Red Wine from Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
Geyser Peak, Sauvignon Blanc from Sauvignon Blanc grapes
Cline, "Ancient Vines" Carignane from Carignano grapes

Spanish dry red wines

Adega Eidos, "Veigas de Padrinan" from Albariño grapes
Muga, Blanco, Fermentado en Barrica from Viura grapes
Marques de Caceres, Crianza from Tempranillo and Garnacha grapes

Australian dry red wines

Fox Creek Vixen made from Shiraz, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes
"Shadow's Run" from Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes
Tyrrell's Wines "Semillon Vat 1" from Semillon grapes

Dry white wines of New Zealand

"Saint Clair", Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc from Sauvignon Blanc grapes
Oyster Bay, Marlborough Chardonnay from Chardonnay grapes
Villa Maria, "Private Bin" from Chardonnay grapes

Some gardeners manage to make wine from almost every available grape variety. However, the technology of wine production involves the use of certain varieties of culture, filled with a whole bunch of aromas. The most popular white and blue wine varieties are discussed in this article.

The best wine grape varieties

The grapes from which juices and wine are made are called technical. The characteristic of the bunches looks modest in comparison with the table species:

medium to small size with densely packed fruits;
the average weight of the hand is 120-150 grams;
high content of juice (75-85% by weight of the berry);
the sugar content index exceeds 18%.

Wine grapes bear fruit well and consistently. This is facilitated by the increased resistance of plants to fungal infections and pest attacks. Next, we will find out which variety is best suited for winemaking.

The best white varieties for winemaking

Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a world-famous technical grade of Western European origin. It is not possible to thoroughly find out the pedigree, but there is an opinion that the variety appeared thanks to the crossing of Pinot noir and Gue blanc.

Berries are processed to produce wines with different flavor notes and fruity aromas. Also, part of the harvest is annually sent for the manufacture of wine materials, which are subsequently used as a champagne flavor enhancer.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

the bush is medium-sized, although strong-growing lashes are also found;
the growing season lasts 130-140 days;
flowers are bisexual, which ensures good pollination;
conical clusters are loose, weight reaches 900-1000 grams;
white-green berries are set off with a golden tint;
fruit shape - rounded slightly elongated;
grape weight - 12-15 gr., each contains 2-3 seeds;
sugar content - 18% with an acidity of 8-12 g / l;
yield - 8-12 t / ha;
the culture is frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures up to minus 20 °.

Chardonnay tolerates drought, with an excess of humid environment, the fruits can rot. Resistance to mildew and powdery mildew is moderate.

Chardonnay variety

Bianca

Wine material from Bianchi has an unrivaled taste with notes of vanilla and almonds. For the production of table, semi-sweet and other wines, blending with other juices with a low sugar content is used. This helps to avoid the sweetness that is characteristic of this grape.

The grape was bred in Hungary, the parents are Villars Blanc and Chasselas Bouvier.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

early ripening, growing season - 110-120 days;
medium-sized bush;
cylindrical brushes, weight 90-120 gr .;
fruits are small and medium, weight 1.5 g .;
the shape of the berries is round, slightly elongated, the color is greenish-yellow;
the skin is thin, the taste is harmonious, filled with a bouquet of aromas;
the crop does not lose its presentation on the vine after the onset of full maturity;
sugar content - 20-28% with an acidity of 7-9 g / l;
there is a high resistance to mildew, gray rot, oidium, tolerance to phylloxera;
frost resistance - up to minus 27 °.

Bianca on the vine does not lose its appearance even after full maturation

Muscat

Medium-early ripening muscat with a growing season of 130-140 days. Muscat is one of the oldest varieties originating from Syria, Arabia and Egypt. The peculiarity of the culture is the ability to accumulate a high level of sugar (up to 25% with an acidity of 6.5-7 g / l).

A brief description of:

medium-sized bush;
the weight of a conical bunch is 100-450 grams;
berries sit tightly on the brush, the weight of one is on average 4 grams;
the taste is saturated with nutmeg;
yield - 66-109 c / ha;
disease resistance is low.

Excellent marketability and taste outweighs poor survival in adverse climatic conditions. Grapes immediately react to a lack of moisture and its excess, is not resistant to low temperatures, and requires potassium dressing.

Muscat close up

Sauvignon Blanc

The variety was obtained by crossing Chenin Blanc and Taminer. Thanks to its excellent taste, balance of sugar and acidity, grapes are recognized all over the world. The peculiarity of the culture is the timely harvest. When overripe, the berry loses its properties and taste, becomes unsuitable for winemaking.

A brief description of:

growing season 130-135 days;
bushes are medium-sized, but powerful enough with a developed root system;
clusters of small size, weight is 75-120 grams;
the berry is small, the color is greenish-white with a waxy coating (each contains 2-3 seeds);
low yield;
sugar content - 18-23% with an acidity of 6.7-11 g / l.

The culture shows weak resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold, tolerance to mildew. In growing conditions with high humidity, shedding of flowers is noted. Soils are preferable with the content of clayey interlayers, as well as gravel and sandy inclusions.

Sauvignon Blanc - the main thing is not to wait for the berries to ripen so as not to spoil the wine

Riesling

The variety, donated by nature itself, is considered the king in winemaking. High-quality wines are made from berries with excellent taste, which are filled with different notes and shades.

A brief description of:

growing season - 140-150 days;
dense clusters, weight 80-100 gr.;
berries are yellow-green with a bluish tinge, weight 1.3-1.5 g., rounded shape;
the skin is dense, but thin;
frost resistance up to minus 20 °;
full ripening of fruits occurs in October-November;
sugar content 18% with acidity 9-11 g / l;
disease resistance is low.

Fruiting grapes on different soils, but land with lime content is more acceptable.

Riesling has low disease resistance

Pinot Blanc

The representative of the Pinot family is characterized by multifaceted taste, it is used to make still, sparkling and dessert wines. Burgundy is the birthplace of the plant, but today almost all European countries and other regions can boast of high yields.

A brief description of:

growing season - 140-150 days;
clusters of medium density weighing 85-150 grams;
berries of a round shape, yellow-green color, weight 1.4-1.7 g;
the average sugar content reaches 20%.

The peculiarity of the variety lies in the low content of acid and aromatic substances, as a result of which Pinot Blanc is recommended for making wine, which should be consumed by young people.

Ripening period Pinot Blanc - 150 days

What are the best varieties for red wine

Pinot noir

Black fruitful grapes ripen in 141-151 days. There is no reliable information about the origin, but Traminer and Pinot Meunier are considered the likely parents. The bush is medium-sized with an unusual color of the lower leaves (green with a red tint). The flowers are bisexual, there are no problems with pollination. A bunch of small sizes, weighing 66-120 grams, the shape is often cylindrical. The berry has a pleasant taste, colorless juice, balanced sugar content. Its shape is round, the color is dark blue.

The yield of Pinot Noir is 50-60 c / ha. The plant is vulnerable to phylloxera, tolerance to gray rot, powdery mildew is manifested.

Grapes develop poorly on flat and low relief.

Pinot noir is vulnerable to phylloxera and gray rot

Saperavi

A very old Georgian grape variety with dark blue berries. Saperavi vegetation period is 150-160 days, harvesting begins in late September - early October.The bush is beautifully hung with wide-conical bunches with small grapes, the weight of one is 90-100 gr. The berry is very juicy with a harmonious taste, its weight barely exceeds 1 g. Each contains 2-3 seeds.

The plant has a weak resistance to mildew, oidium, at high humidity it is affected by gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it is less likely to be damaged by a leafworm.

The yield of Saperavi is 90-110 kg / ha. The culture is frost-resistant, survives the winter without shelter at a temperature not exceeding -20 °.

Saperavi is a frost-resistant variety

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon berries are very juicy with a balanced taste, shaded by a hint of currant. The variety was bred in France, but is now cultivated in many countries of the world. Technical ripeness occurs in 143-165 days. The bunch has the shape of a cylinder, the weight is 70-80 grams. Each berry contains 1-3 seeds. The skin is dark blue in color of medium density, which ensures good preservation and transportability of the fruit.

Productivity - 55-60 c / ha. There is an increased resistance of the culture to mildew and gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it resists phylloxera, leafworm attacks better.

Cabernet Sauvignon is ideal for winemaking

Cabernet Franc

Technical ripeness occurs in 145-160 days. The unusual taste of berries is filled with different notes, in which you can feel raspberries and blackberries. Cylindrical bunches have a dark blue color, the weight does not exceed 70-90 grams. The yield is low (35-40 c / ha), but this is compensated by the good resistance of the plant to mildew, phylloxera.

Cabernet Franc variety

Merlot

The Merlot variety was bred in France, the intended parents are Cabernet Franc, crossed with Magdalene and Noir de Charente. Bunches of medium size and density, have a dark blue color with a characteristic waxy bloom, weighing 110-150 grams. The taste is balanced with a touch of nightshade.

The grapes ripen in 152-164 days. The plant shows average resistance to powdery mildew, phylloxera, mildew. Frost resistance - up to minus 15-17 °.

Merlot has medium frost resistance and can withstand temperatures down to -15

Sangiovese

Italian thermophilic technical grape with a vegetation period of 145-160 days... The bushes are medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual, the clusters are cylindrical of medium density, weighing up to 100 grams. There are many clones that have slightly different parameters of the berries (0.7 - 1.3 grams). The flavor of the fruit, saturated with different notes, adds sophistication to any drink.

Heat-loving Sangiovese variety

Syrah

The variety is resistant to cold and high temperatures, but does not tolerate strong winds and drought. Taste qualities meet the requirements for technical varieties of grapes, however, it cannot boast of a high yield (30 c / ha). The juice of the fruits of mature plants is saturated with a beautiful dark purple hue and density. Fruit ripening period is 145-158 days. The weight of the shirokokonicheskaya bunch is within 80-120 gr.

Syrah is very capricious to weather conditions and requires a lot of light and heat.

late-ripening Syrah grapes

Carmenere

The grape belongs to the old French varieties with a growing season of 152-165 days. Currently, it is widely cultivated mainly in Chile, it is considered the pride of the country. The bushes of the plant are vigorous, the bunch can be in the form of a cylinder, wide-conical and shapeless, the weight is 75-100 grams.

A medium-sized berry barely weighs 1 g, but the pulp is very tasty, sweet, but without sugary. The beautiful dark purple color makes it possible to produce wines from pink to dark in color.

Carmenere is very sensitive to weather conditions, cold, shows low resistance to diseases. However, the grapes survived the phylloxer.

French Carmenere

Mourvedre

A late-ripening plant native to Spain. The bushes are well developed, have a strong vine and root system. Leaves are medium in size with a characteristic three-lobed shape. Dark blue berries are often rounded, but can take on a slightly oval shape, the parameters are average.Productivity with low watering is up to 60 kg / ha, but with regular irrigation it can significantly increase. The bunches are formed in the form of a cone or cylinder, the berries are tightly pressed against each other.

The culture has a weak resistance to fungal infections, but it tolerates prolonged drought rather tolerably, and high requirements are not imposed on the type of soil when planting.

Dense Mourvèdre berry

Grenache

A versatile variety, but most often the fruit is used to make grapes and juice. The variety is one of the most abundant on the planet due to the versatility of the vine. The grapes are very thermophilic, easily tolerate drought and heat. There are also no high requirements for the soil when planting seedlings. Productivity in dry conditions is high - up to 20 kg / ha. Features of berries: low acidity, juiciness, ruby color, rich aroma.

Drought-resistant Grenache variety

Each variety has unique qualities that give the wine a unique shade and aroma. Before choosing a variety, it is necessary to clarify the compatibility of the wine material with juices of other varieties, then at home you can create an exquisite drink, and most importantly - an exclusive one, the taste of which will remain in your memory for a long time.

Types of grapes.

Wine is made from grapes, but not from those sold in the vegetable departments. "Wine" grapes (in Latin: Vitis vinifera) have a much thinner skin, its berries are much smaller, sweeter and always contain seeds. There are more than a thousand varieties of grapes suitable for wine production, but only a few of them have received worldwide recognition and distribution.

Varietal and blended wines.

Wine made from one grape variety is considered varietal; a mixture of several varieties - blend, blend wine = blended wine.
Some blends known all over the world got their names from the place where they originated. For example, a Bordeaux blend is a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. And the name of the blend appeared in connection with the French province of Bordeaux, where they were first mixed.
Another fairly well-known example is Chianti, a blend based on the Italian Sangiovese grape variety from the Tuscany region.

For info:the term "vintage" describes the vintage. The so-called "non-vintage" wines are wines in which grapes of different yields are used.

Most common wine varieties

The eight listed wine varieties illustrate the vast majority of the typical traits and aromas of wines. Possible alternatives with similar features are also indicated for each of the varieties. Therefore, if you like a particular type of wine, you can try to find something similar.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Taste: Black currant, ripe cherry, pastry spices, cedar.
Style:full-bodied red wine
Description:Cabernet Sauvignon is a wine with a rich and intense taste, first appeared in France. Today it is the most popular wine in the world. The wine is characterized by a high level of tannins and a persistent peppery aftertaste.
Cabernet Sauvignon is combined with the following dishes:lamb, beef, smoked meats, hard aged cheeses (eg: Cheddar, Pecorino).

Alternatives to Cabernet Sauvignon:

Merlot: lighter and softer, more cherry notes;
Cabernet Franc:lighter, with more notes of red pepper and herbs;
Carmenere: (Chile) lighter, with cherry and red pepper notes
Bordeaux: (France) a mixture of Cabernet (predominantly) and / or Merlot varieties from the province of Bordeaux;
Sangiovese: (Italy) more spice, cherry pie and herb flavors.

Syrah (Shiraz)

Taste: Blueberry, plum, pepper, chocolate, tobacco
Style: full-bodied red wine
Description: Syrah (Shiraz) is a full-bodied and rich red wine that originated in France. These wines are full of juicy fruits and light tannins, which add a soft finish. Syrah is commonly used with Grenache and Mourvèdre to create red wines from the Rhone Valley (France).

Syrah goes well with the following dishes: lamb, beef, smoked meats, salted cheeses such as feta, hard cheeses such as white cheddar or Spanish "La Manchego" sheep's cheese.

Syrah's alternatives

Malbec: (Argentina) softer, less intense, more prunes in the aftertaste
Petit Sirah: (USA) more powerful and more tannic, more blackcurrant flavor
Monastrell (or Mourvèdre): (Spain) more powerful with smoked notes
Pinotage: (South Africa) more powerful, with notes of smoked meats

Zinfandel

Taste: strawberries, blackberries, pastry spices, tobacco.
Style: medium-bodied red wine.
Description: Zinfandel (also known as Primitivo) is a red grape native to Croatia. Wines made from it are rich in fruits, flavored with spices and have a medium-intensity aftertaste. This grape variety gained fame thanks to its rose wine.
Zinfandel is served to: chicken, pork, dried and raw smoked meat, lamb, beef, grilled, rich and spicy cheeses (Cheddar, Manchego).

Alternatives to Zinfandel:

Grenache (or Garnacha): lighter and less spicy, with more raspberries.
Tempranillo: (Spain) Less fruit, more tannins. predominantly red cherry
Rhone Valley wines: blend of varieties Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre.
Carignan: Lighter, more fruity and juicy.

Pinot Noir

Taste: Cherries, cranberries, cloves, mushrooms.
Style: light, transparent taste, unsaturated red wine. The term "Light-bodied" is used to describe this style.
Description:Pinot Noir is a dry, light red wine that originated in France. Slightly tart wines, with a rounded and delicate taste and a long calm aftertaste.
What to drink Pinot Noir with: chicken, pork, veal, duck, sausages, cream sauces, soft cheeses, medium hard cheeses

Pinot Noir alternatives:

Gamay (also known as Beaujolais): (France) lighter, fruity, with a more pronounced final bitterness