The best varieties of onions

Do you want to grow onions but don't know which variety to choose? Then be sure to read our article.

We will introduce you to the best varieties of onions that you can grow on your site without any problems.

When choosing a variety of onions for a summer residence, pay attention to its regionality. Depending on the area of ​​growth, onion varieties can be divided into 2 types:

• southern;
• northern.

Southern varieties of onions do not last very long, but they are not very spicy in taste. Some of them are called sweet at all and are referred to as salad types of onions. If you want to get southern varieties of onions in the northern regions or in the middle lane, it is worth growing them through seedlings.

Northern varieties of onions are pungent in taste, but have excellent keeping quality.

White onions are also distinguished. It has a softer and sweeter taste. White onions are among the salad varieties. However, such bulbs are poorly stored, quickly damaged by pests, soften and rot.

In France, it is from white onions that the famous onion soup is prepared.

• How to choose the right onion for different dishes

  Onions contain a lot of nutrients that are preserved even during cooking. In addition, it gives dishes a unique taste and pleasant aroma.

There are also onion varieties according to the growing season: in the early varieties this period is 90-100 days, in the middle ones - 100-120 days, and in the later ones - more than 120 days.

Depending on the size of the bulb, there are 3 types:

• small - less than 50 g;
• medium - 50-100 g;
• large - more than 100 g.

Depending on how many bulbs can form in the nest, varieties are distinguished:

• small-sized (1-2 bulbs);
• medium-sized (3-4 bulbs);
• multi-nested (5 or more bulbs).

Nesting largely depends on the size of the seedlings, as well as on the growing conditions of the crop. If the planting is larger, and the fertility and moisture content of the soil is higher, then the number of bulbs in the nest will be greater.

Spicy, semi-sharp, sweet onions - looking for differences

All spicy varieties of onions are early ripening. They are distinguished by good keeping quality, high content of essential oils and sugars, but at the same time they are less productive. Such varieties, as a rule, are covered with several layers of outer scales, and therefore they can be removed not only by hand, but also using specialized equipment.

Peninsular onion varieties have few outer scales, and the flesh is not as dense and sharp. Such a bow, when harvesting with special equipment, is often injured and quickly deteriorates. Semi-sharp varieties are considered to be medium-hard and take longer to ripen. However, they give a higher yield than sharp varieties.

Sweet onions taste great and are often used fresh. They give a high yield, but it is stored for a short time. Sharp and semi-sharp onions can be grown in any region.In the southern regions, during the growing season, crops can be obtained even from seeds. And in the middle lane and northern zones - only through seedlings or by planting seedlings. Sweet varieties are grown mostly in hot southern regions from seeds.

Popular varieties of red, yellow and white onions

We bring to your attention well-proven varieties of onions, which are preferred by the absolute majority of gardeners.

Kaba

Late-ripening variety with dense, round-flat and rounded bulbs running downwards. The pulp is white, sometimes with a greenish tinge. The outer scales are yellow or light brown. The variety is not resistant to downy mildew (downy mildew), it is also damaged by onion fly.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	peninsular		70-145	unsatisfactory

Red baron

Early ripe variety. The bulbs are round, flattened at the top and bottom, red or dark purple on the outside and inside. For larger bulbs, it is recommended to grow this variety through seedlings.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	peninsular		130-150	excellent

Snowball

A medium early variety of white onions. It has almost round and white (both outside and inside) bulbs. Quite resistant to shooting, but moderately susceptible to downy mildew and neck rot.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	peninsular		120-200	average

Strigunovsky local

An early early ripening variety. It has round, dense bulbs with light pulp and pink or brown outer scales. It can grow in both hot and cool climates without problems.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	very spicy		45-80	excellent

Sturon

Mid-season variety. The bulbs are round, white, densely covered with a yellow-brown skin. Resistant to diseases and shooting.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	spicy		70-180	excellent

Texas yellow

Early ripe variety. The bulbs are round, rather large, straw-yellow in color with dense white flesh. Resistant to pink root rot.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	peninsular		80-150	average

Centurion F1

Medium early hybrid with medium-sized, round-elongated bulbs. The pulp is juicy, white, the outer scales are golden brown. The hybrid is resistant to shooting and major onion diseases.

Use	Taste	Growing method	Bulb weight (g)	Keeping quality
	spicy		65-150	excellent

Each of these varieties has stood the test of time and is popular with gardeners. Pay attention to them when you go to the store for sets or onion seeds.

Onion varieties for storage: description, reviews, photos

Onion Stuttgarter rizen, description - a variety of German selection, which has become by right the most popular in the world among varieties of onions. Early maturing: from sowing to ripening 120 days when grown from seeds and 60-70 days from seedlings. The bulb is flat-rounded, large, weighs 120-150 grams. The taste is spicy. It is appreciated for its yield (5 kg / m2 with minimal maintenance). Perfect evenness of the bulbs, excellent keeping quality. Resistant to downy mildew (downy mildew). Unpretentious and very flexible variety.

Bow Sturon and Centurion

New selection of the Stuttgarter rizen variety. Centurion is a heterotic hybrid (F1). Both of these varieties produce the highest quality, well-stored bulbs. The shape of the Sturon bulbs is perfectly round; the Centurion forms a somewhat elongated bulb. Round and elongated onions are very convenient for cutting, and the housewives have already appreciated this. These varieties have a smaller bottom and a narrower neck than Stuttgarter rizen. The small bottom reduces waste when cutting the onions. A narrower neck dries out faster, which means that the likelihood of pathogens getting to the bulb decreases. A higher yield of these onions was noted in comparison with the well-known Stuttgarter rizen variety.

Onion Orion, variety description

Exclusive grade of the English firm "Johnson". Orion is the result of many years of work to improve other breeding types. The cultivar gives leveled production of perfectly rounded, large (up to 150-200 grams) bulbs. Early ripening periods allow this onion to fully ripen even in Siberian conditions, which creates good preconditions for long-term storage. Many gardeners prefer this variety to everyone else.

Popular varieties of red onions: a description of Bombay and Brunswick onions

Dutch varieties of red salad onions, used fresh in salads, preparations, for making marinades. The feathers and bulbs of these varieties are very juicy and tasty, mild, rich in vitamins and phytoncides. Large farms grow these onions for greens, which are in greater demand than yellow onions.

Bombay - mid-season variety of onions. The bulbs are flat, dense, large. The color of dry scales is dark red, juicy - light lilac. The taste is semi-sharp, the keeping quality of the variety is good.

The onion variety has long been loved and popular. Brunswick... This is an early maturing variety that does well in annual crops. Growing it through seedlings, in one summer you can get decent bulbs, up to 6 cm in diameter. They are flat-round, multi-nested in shape, the color of dry scales is bright purple, juicy - pink. Keeps well too.

Bow Carmen

Mid-season onion variety. From germination to harvesting 120-130 days. The bulbs are beautiful, dark red with a purple tint, weighing 50-70 grams. The taste is semi-sharp. Differs in 100% ripening and good keeping quality. It is grown from both seedlings and seeds.

Red Baron onion

An early onion variety, the period from seed germination to technical maturity is 92-95 days. The bulbs are flat-rounded, weighing 18-24 grams. The taste is semi-sharp. Differs in a high content of ascorbic acid.

Advantages of the variety: stable yield, excellent ripening after ripening. To obtain larger bulbs, this variety is grown through seedlings.

Onions of the Stuttgarten variety Riesen, Red Baron, Lyubchik, Victoria.

Varieties of large onions: description, photos, reviews Onion Globo

Mid-season variety, one of the largest among salad varieties. The bulb is round, light yellow, weighing up to 1 kg, very juicy, sweet taste. From seed to turnip, it is grown in 1 season only through seedlings.

Planting pattern of seeding: 7 x 35 cm.To obtain seeding from nigella, the seeding pattern is continuous: 1.5 x 1.5 cm.

Bow Exhibition

Medium late variety, forms a huge bulb weighing 500-800 grams, sweet taste without bitterness. The shelf life of the crop is short, only 3-4 months. Grown only through seedlings.

Texas yellow onion

Popular Dutch variety. All Siberian gardeners are delighted with this onion. It grows easily and quickly, forms a good head in one season. Quite large bulbs have a straw-yellow color, dense and mild flesh. The variety is resistant to pink root rot.

Growing onions from seeds

Before sowing, onion seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours in water. Then they are kept for 3-4 days in a damp cloth. Be sure to disinfect seeds in a dark solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 1 liter of water) for 8 hours at a temperature of 40 ° C.

To get giant bulbs, seedlings are grown. To do this, in mid-March, seeds are sown in boxes filled with a soil mixture of humus, sod land and mullein (9: 10: 1) with a neutral reaction. Sowing is sprinkled with a loose soil mixture through a sieve, then rolled. Onion shoots appear 7-12 days after sowing.

Maintain the temperature when growing seedlings: 20-22 ° C until germination, then 17-20 ° C during the day, 10-14 ° C at night. Drizzle with warm water.

Frequent airing prevents the seedlings from stretching out unnecessarily.

They are planted in a permanent place after two months, usually in mid-May. Immediately before planting, the seedlings are hardened for 2 days. Landings are placed in an open, unshaded place.The scheme for planting seedlings in open ground 20 x 30 cm.

Fresh manure is harmful. Planting is placed in the place where manure was introduced 2-3 years ago, since the plant forms a large leaf mass and loose bulbs unsuitable for storage using fresh manure. A month after planting the seedlings, and then, if necessary, the site is loosened and weeded. After the formation of the bulbs, the soil is raked away so that only the bottom is in the soil. In this case, the bulbs ripen faster and are better stored in the future.

Harvesting turnip onions

In August, as soon as the feather begins to lay down, to accelerate the ripening of the bulbs, it is rolled. Lodging of leaves is the first sign of ripening. Simultaneously with the lodging and yellowing of the leaves, the roots die off at the bottom. Thus, the bow shows us that it has stopped growing. Onions are harvested closer to mid-August. The most important thing is not to be late in harvesting large and lying bulbs, since after the leaves have completely dried out, if the soil is wet, roots begin to grow again, which reduces their keeping quality. Onions are harvested only in dry weather, it is good if there is a breeze that dries it outdoors. Drying the onions in the sun helps to decontaminate the bulbs and store them better. Then the onions are dried in the attic or in the shed for a month. During this time, the neck becomes thin and dry. Dried onions are peeled from dry scales and placed for long-term storage.

Growing onions through seedlings

Some people sow Dutch onion seeds in the early spring directly in open ground and get good results. But if you want to get the maximum yield in a small area, and such that it is worthy of its name Exhibition, you cannot do without seedlings. Many, having read these lines, will immediately remember with sadness their windowsills, lined with seedlings of tomatoes and peppers. And then there's the bow! But let us reassure you in advance: from 0.4 g, or 100 seeds, more than 11 kg of onions will grow. Use 1 liter juice boxes to plant them on seedlings. They take up little space, are compactly placed on the windowsill, and the seedlings can be easily removed from them without injuring the roots.

Sowing is best in mid-March. Some vegetable growers recommend doing this in February, of course, if it is possible to regulate the temperature and light conditions (cool at night, illuminate in the morning and evening). Such terms are justified, as they will provide the output of better quality seedlings. But in an ordinary apartment with an early planting, the seedlings will stretch out and grow heavily.

Sowing Dutch onion seeds is a pleasure, as they are treated with fungicides and painted in bright colors, which allows you to control the planting density. It is enough to pour the seeds from the bag onto the prepared moistened soil and use a match to distribute them evenly over the entire area at a distance of about 0.5 cm. However, the seeds of the Globo variety are not treated with anything. In order not to thicken their planting, a layer of snow is placed on the soil. On a white background, the nigella is clearly visible. By the way, this method is very convenient for sowing very small dark seeds, for example, petunias, snapdragons, celery and other crops. When the snow melts, the seeds are pressed into the soil gradually and evenly provided with moisture, which contributes to their more friendly germination. Cover the onion seeds with a layer of soil no more than 1 cm, place the box in a plastic bag and place it under the battery. After a few days, the first green "loops" appear. This is a signal that it is time to expose the container to the light.

Top dressing onions

Water the seedlings sparingly, as the soil dries up. The need for feeding is determined based on the quality of the substrate. Use well-rotted manure or compost sifted through a metal mesh (0.5 cm mesh) or compost with the addition of ash and sand. A sufficient amount of nitrogen, potassium and trace elements in its basis makes it possible to do practically without additional feeding. Some phosphorus deficiency is compensated for by one-time watering with ammophos solution.

To prevent the seedlings from pulling out, if possible, spray it with an epin solution (this applies more to tomatoes). Many summer residents, when planting seedlings, make a gross mistake, strongly compressing the ground around the planted plants. In this case, pampered stems and fragile roots are often injured, and the access of oxygen to them is also blocked. It is better to make a depression with a small hoe, put the seedlings there, gently scoop up the soil to the roots and water. In this case, the soil itself is evenly compacted around the seedlings.

Despite the fact that the feather of the onion grows powerful and thick, it is often not worth cutting it off for consumption. After all, it is due to it that the onion grows, and the starting conditions for nigella and sevka are incommensurable. And in the shortest time it is necessary to achieve maximum results. The perennial leek and the annual Parade onion are grown on the green feather, which gives leaves until late autumn. Onions from seeds are "pinched" only occasionally, its greens are juicy, sweetish.

During the growing season, it is useful to sprinkle all onion plants with ashes a couple of times. In addition to potassium nutrition and a full range of trace elements, this will to some extent save plantings from fungal diseases. The rest of the dressing is carried out according to the usual scheme, familiar to every gardener. The main thing is to maintain the optimal distance between plants (5-6 cm) in a row when planting seedlings, although, looking at the thin borings, you just want to plant denser. But this is not necessary, because a rapidly growing bulb needs a large area of ​​nutrition.

Grow annuals only through seedlings. Moreover, it is recommended to do thickened crops so that the bylochki support each other and do not fall, and when they are 10-15 cm, then cut them in half so that they go not upward, but in breadth. When planting, once again cut the greens by 1/3 and the roots by 1/3. That's the whole trick.

With any method of growing onions during the ripening period, when the feather is still green, it is necessary to create conditions so that as much nutrients as possible pass into the bulb, and at the same time to prevent the formation of new roots and regrowth, which will further negatively affect preservation. To prevent this from happening, in rainy weather, you should cover the plantings with pieces of old film, and then you do not need to cut the roots or "trample" the feather, as amateur vegetable growers advise. After harvesting, marketable onions are placed in plywood fruit crates, which provide good air exchange.

You will have enough of your onions almost until the next harvest. The advantage of this method is obvious - the cost of packing even the most expensive seeds is incomparable with the price of a kilogram of seed. Under no circumstances will your onion “go to the arrow”, and you will get the opportunity to grow exactly the variety you like best. After all, the assortment of nigella is much wider than the set.

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Onions are used for cooking many dishes, so any housewife, when choosing crops for growing on her site, prefers several varieties at once. Variety in the beds allows you to create new masterpieces in the kitchen, and at the same time improve your gardening. In this article, we will find out what types of onions are, home and wild, talk about their description and find out the main characteristics.

Varietal variety of onions: what types are there?

Adopting the experience of their ancestors, preference is often given to the same varieties of onions when planting a vegetable garden. It's time to change stereotypes, improve and achieve new results, because the dish can sparkle with new flavor notes if you use Setton or Leek instead of the usual onion. Moreover, in central Russia, you can plant a large number of varieties, as practice has shown. At least lettuce, even green. And then we will find out where which species can grow.

Onions in the garden

To determine the choice of seeds for bulbous plants, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of different species, their preferences and planting nuances.It is also worth paying attention to the correspondence of the growing conditions of the culture and the climate of the region. This will be the subject of this article.

The most popular onion varieties

All varieties of culture differ not only in taste, but also in planting rules, ripening period, and yield.

Onion sets

• Chalcedony grows outdoors, is very popular among gardeners in the southern regions of Russia. Suitable for growing feathers and root crops. The ripening period (from planting to harvesting) is 95-110 days. An average of 4 kg is removed from a square meter with a marketable weight of one small specimen of 85-100 grams. Sometimes there are onions weighing up to 400 grams. There is a good immunity to peronosporosis, vulnerability to cervical rot. Taste: pleasant with a slight spice.
• Stuttgarter Riesen early ripening, from sowing to harvesting takes about 3 months. Rounded-flat onions weigh 150-250 grams on average, but there are also giants up to 350 grams. The plant rarely shoots arrows, does not become covered with spots typical of downy mildew. Taste: spicy with a pungent aroma.
• Sowball is characterized by large, rounded bulbs with an average weight of up to 200 grams. The root crop ripens for about 100-110 days, gives a good harvest. Taste: delicate with a slight hint of pungency, used mainly for making salads.

Onions (turnip)

• Goldfish represents a mid-season species, is distinguished by rounded medium-sized onions weighing about 60-70 grams. Used for greenery and growing turnip for planting in the next season. The middle is white and juicy with a slight edge.
• Shaman belongs to the early ripening varieties, ripens in 86-95 days. The root crop has an elongated shape, a pink-red rather juicy middle. The average weight of a turnip is 55-65 gr. Advantages: stable high yield, high taste. Stored for a short time.
• Oporto ripens in 98-107 days, belongs to the mid-season species. The weight of the turnip reaches 270-300 grams, the shape is correct round. Advantages: high yield when using seedlings, immunity to diseases and pests, retains its presentation for a long time. The palatability allows the use of porto for all types of processing.

Varieties of salad onions

• Exibishen ripens for about 130 days and tastes very sweet with abundant juice. The turnips are round and very large, reaching 550 gr., But there are also specimens of 700-800 gr. The only drawback of the culture is considered to be a small storage period (no more than 3 months).
• Yalta is incredibly popular due to its excellent taste. The plant ripens in 138-150 days, turnips are large flattened purple tones, reaching an average of 200 grams. In the middle lane, you can grow a variety using seedlings. Onions are stored for up to 4 months.
• Ermak is the ripening record holder, the crop is removed 75-95 days after sowing. Differs in good immunity, long shelf life (up to the next season). The gastronomic feature is a soft juicy texture with a slight pungency.

Red onion

• The crimson ball ripens in 85-95 days, yields a stable harvest every year. Dark purple rounded turnips live up to the name. The middle is juicy with a pleasant taste, set off by a light speck. The drawback is the short shelf life (up to 4 months).
• Campillo F1 Introduces Red Onion Hybrid, which has a rounded shape with a dense center and a pleasant purple tint. Advantage - pigment does not transfer to kitchen utensils and fabrics. Taste qualities: delicate structure with abundant juice production, well-perceptible sweetness. It can be stored for a long time without losing its properties.
• Retro is famous for its high yield and fast ripening (up to 90 days). The middle is tender, dark red with white stripes. Onions are very sweet without pungency, so they are even added to children's salads.

White onion

• Albenka is fast ripening (up to 95 days) and interesting taste qualities that combine light pungency and sweetness. Grown for herbs and onion sets. Not suitable for long-term storage.
• The white globe has good seed germination and quick ripening. You can harvest the crop in 95-105 days after planting. A rounded, slightly elongated turnip weighs 160 grams on average. The variety has a high stable yield, immunity to fusarium.
• Sterling is a group of white onion hybrids with a ripening period of 110-120 days. The mass of an average turnip is 120-200 gr. Rounded shape with white husk. The middle is soft and juicy with an unusual taste that is not similar to other species. The storage of the root crop is short (3-5 months), but when grown, immunity to many diseases and pests is noted.

Sweet onion

• Kaba ripens in 145-155 days, has immunity to disease. Productivity is stable, stored for up to 4-5 months. The weight of a round turnip with a slight pressure is 80-125 grams. The middle is dense, but sweet and juicy.
• Globo ripens 110-125 days, the size of the root crop is a real giant. The weight of one onion reaches 600-900 grams. The taste is delicate, sweetish, ideal for salads and various other dishes. Growing a crop from seedlings, you can get a crop from 1 m2 to 12 kg.
• Spanish 313 is distinguished by its yield, immunity to diseases and pests, suitable for fresh and processed consumption. The weight of an average turnip is 120-150 grams, the shape is round and large. Onions have long been recognized by domestic gardeners and are popular due to their unpretentious care and sweet taste. Productivity from 1m2 - 4-5 kg.

Names of varieties of onions for storage

• Red Baron has a dark red color, the onion is rounded, slightly flattened. The plant ripens in just 90-95 days, the weight of the turnip is 95-110 grams. Advantages: stable high yield, light taste with a slight spice.
• Volsky bow prefers nutritious light soils. The root crop ripens in 120-140 days with an average weight of 90-140 grams. The turnip grows in such a way that the top is on top of the soil, which simplifies collection. Taste features: spiciness is well felt.
• Orion represents an exclusive hybrid, which English breeders have been working on for a long time. The variety ripens quickly, which makes it possible to grow a crop even in the northern regions. The turnip has a regular rounded shape of a beautiful purple color, weighing an average of 150-200 grams. Orion is very popular among gardeners, but most likely it will not grow either in the suburbs or in the Urals.

The best bulbs for the Moscow region

• Centurion has gained popularity all over the world due to its high taste. The rounded-elongated turnip reaches a weight of up to 110 g... The yield is average, but stable (up to 3-4 kg per 1 m2). Advantages of the variety: not susceptible to the release of arrows, long shelf life (up to 8-9 months), resistance to decay. The root vegetable has a pungent taste.
• Hercules is considered a prolific crop, yielding from one square meter to 8-9 kg of root crops. Breeders, working on a hybrid, initially set the task of obtaining a long-lasting onion. The result exceeded expectations - good resistance to diseases, long-term storage without loss of useful properties, resistance to the whims of nature. The weight of the turnip is up to 120 gr., The taste is at a height (light pungency, juiciness, moderately sweet).
• Sturon represents a hybrid grown by Dutch breeders. As a result of painstaking work, a variety was obtained that is resistant to diseases and pests, which retains its presentation well for 9-10 months. The plant ripens in 100-115 days, the weight of an average turnip is 120-150 grams. Gastronomic feature: suitable for all types of processing, neutral flavor notes with a slight spice.

Observing all the recommendations for soil preparation, planting and care, you can remove a completely bountiful harvest of onions from the beds.And even celebrate a giant root crop every year, winning their own records.

Growing technology and care of onions in the open field (with video)

Onions in the photo

Of the cultivated species, onions are the most widespread. It is not very rich in vitamins. True, green onions contain much more vitamin C than onions, they contain more potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and iron salts. But the main advantage of all types of onions is essential oils, which stimulate gastric secretion, increase appetite, and, finally, phytoncides are fierce enemies of bacteria.

Using one or another cultivation technology, onions can be grown in one year from nigella seeds and in two years from onion sets.

With an annual onion culture, seeds are sown as soon as the soil allows in March. The time from sowing to emergence is 21 days. They accelerate the emergence of seedlings by pre-sowing heat treatment of seeds, soaking them, including in growth stimulants. During the period of seed germination and after the appearance of the fifth leaf, onions must be watered. With a lack of moisture in the soil, the growth of leaves stops, and small, underdeveloped bulbs are formed, even if there are only 2-3 true leaves. Then the plant falls into a dormant state. This phenomenon in onions is irreversible. Therefore, violation of agricultural technology for growing onions in the open field, especially in the first 70-80 days of growth, can lead to large crop losses.

For the successful cultivation of onions, seeds are sown in rows, the distance between them is 20-25 cm, the depth of planting is 2-3 cm.It is useful to mulch onion crops with humus, which prevents the appearance of a soil crust, retains moisture in the soil, which contributes to the appearance of friendly shoots.

At first, onion shoots grow very slowly, they need to be watered and loosened. Loosening should not be deep (4-5 cm) so as not to damage the root system.

When 1-2 true leaves appear, the first thinning of crops (up to 1.5-2 cm) is carried out in strongly thickened places, removing weaker plants. After the formation of 3-4 leaves, a second thinning is done already at the final distance of 4-6 cm.

When growing and caring for onions with thinning, as with watering, you must not be late. Otherwise, thickening and dryness of the soil accelerate the formation of small bulbs with an insufficient number of leaves.

For growing onions through a set, healthy bulbs are used. After winter storage, the sets are sorted out before planting. If in the previous year, during cultivation, the plants were affected by downy mildew, the seedlings should be warmed up for 10-15 days before planting for 8 hours at a temperature of + 40 ... + 42 ° C for disinfection. The high temperature will also help reduce plant shooting.

Sevok is planted, without deepening, in April in heated soil. Planting too early will cause arrows to form; later planting will reduce the yield. The arrows that appear break out.

The video "Growing Onions" shows all the main agricultural techniques:

Pay attention to the photo - when growing and caring for onions, when the bulbs are poured, the soil or mulching material is raked away from them so that the ripening crop is in the sun:

Watering should be stopped 2-3 weeks before the expected harvesting date, the bulbs should ripen well. A sign of onion readiness for harvesting is massive leaf lodging. Harvested in dry weather.

Traditional varieties of onions for a turnip are those with large, flattened or globular bulbs that can be stored throughout the winter. The color of the scales varies from almost white to bright red; the taste of the onion ranges from mild to pungent. Most varieties are planted in the spring, but there are varieties that are planted in the fall and harvested at the end of July of the following year. In the south, with mild winters, Japanese varieties are the most reliable when planted before winter, but they are unsuitable for long-term storage.

Remember!

Onions grown on feathers are not treated with any pesticides.

Leaves are not cut from onions planted to obtain a turnip.

A good harvest of onions can only be obtained in a sunny place, free from the roots of perennial plants (trees and shrubs).

Seed-grown onions keep better. Onions with yellow and dark red skins are especially well kept.

From seedlings stored at temperatures from + 1 ° C to + 18 ° C (constantly or periodically), the plants quickly go to the arrow.

The best varieties of onions and their photos

Among the onion varieties there are early ripening, mid-ripening and late ones.

"Iris" - early maturing, unilocular, peninsular. Bulbs are round, medium density, weighing 70-100 g, individual bulbs - up to 200 or more. 1/3 located on the surface of the soil, which accelerates maturation and facilitates harvesting. High-yielding, well stored in winter. Commercial bulbs are grown in one year.

"Myachkovsky local" - early ripening, excellent taste. The bulbs are round, flat, medium-dense, semi-sharp in taste, weighing
60-90 g, small-celled, 2-3 primordia in the bulb. Average tenderness.

"Penguin" - early maturing, semi-acute. Commercial bulbs are grown in one year, sowing seeds in the ground, but you can also through sowing. The weight of each bulb is from 50 to 150 g. Yielding. In the soil, the bulbs are placed 2/3, which promotes good ripening and facilitates harvesting. Keeping quality is good.

"Stuttgarter Riesen" - early ripening (66-73 days of vegetation), bulbs are flat-rounded, color from golden yellow to yellow-brown; single-leaf bulb with a pungent taste, weighing 50-95 g, high yield, good storage. This is one of the best varieties of onions, as it is highly resistant to downy mildew. Grown in a biennial culture.

Shetana - mid-season variety (90-110 days), round bulb, golden-yellow color, with 1-2 primordia, semi-sharp taste, weighing 70-85 g, grown in annual and biennial culture.

"Strigunovsky local" - mid-season variety (77-98 days). Sharp, fruitful, perfectly stored, small-nested - 2-3 primordia in the bulb. The bulb is round, yellow-brown, weighing 45-80 g. It is grown in an annual or biennial culture.

Danilovsky 301 - mid-season (90-100 days), small-breeding (2-3 primordia), semi-sweet taste. The bulbs are flat, dense, weighing 70-150 g, dark red with a violet tinge, indispensable for salads, very fruitful. Grown in annual and biennial crops.

"Chalcedony" - mid-season, with a spicy taste, dense bulbs, weighing 90-130 g. Bulbs are 1/3 above the soil surface, which promotes ripening and facilitates harvesting. Stores well. Commercial bulbs are grown in one year.

"Karatalsky" - mid-season (93-125 days of vegetation). Bulbs are 1-2 rudimentary, semi-sharp on the palate. Grown in an annual culture.

As you can see in the photo, this variety of onions has round, yellow, sometimes golden yellow bulbs weighing 50-120 g.

"Odintsovets" - mid-ripening (100-120 days), small-breeding (3-4 primordia), semi-sharp taste, round-flat bulb, golden yellow, weighing 55-80 g. Very good keeping quality. Suitable for annual crops. Can be grown for two years.

Brunswick - mid-season, rounded flat bulbs, weighing 80-120 g. The outer scales are dark red. The inner ones are white with red rings. Weakly affected by diseases. Stores well.

"Carmen" - mid-season variety. The bulbs are round, dark red in color. This is the darkest colored onion variety. The taste is spicy. Stored medium.

"Lugansky" - late variety, vegetation period 115-158 days, bulb color is yellow with a brown tinge, round-flat shape, 2-3 buds in the bulb, taste spicy or semi-sharp, weighing 75-150 g. With good watering it is grown in annual culture.

"Russian size" F1 - the largest of the onions - weighing up to 3 kg.

"Densimore" - the bulb is round, weighing up to 120 g, dry scales are strong, greenish-yellow in color, adjoining juicy white scales.

"Silver Prince" - medium late variety. Dry scales are white-silvery. The bulb is round, weighing an average of 50 g. It is used for herbs and turnips.

"Globo" - a late variety of lettuce onions with excellent taste. The bulb is large, broadly elliptical, straw yellow. The average weight of the bulbs is up to 700 g.

"Bonus" F1 - mid-season (100-105 days). The bulbs are round-flat, weighing 80-120 g. The outer scales are dark red, the inner ones are white with red rings. The taste is semi-spicy.

Growing, care and reproduction of shallots (with photo)

Shallots in the photo

More early ripening, productive, it is more dense, transportable and keeping quality in comparison with onions. The bulbs are hardy, they can freeze and thaw without damage, while retaining the ability to regrow. Virtually no arrows.

Multifaceted bulbs (shrews), from one bulb you can get a nest weighing up to 500 g, containing up to 40 bulbs of 15-30 g, depending on the variety. Prized for its special pungent taste, it is considered the best onion for cooking. Bulbs for planting are stored in a cool, bright place.

Reproduction of shallots is carried out, as a rule, vegetatively, that is, by dividing the bulb into shares. When planted in autumn, the shrike produces a large number of seeds. Reproduction of shallots through seeds has health benefits. This onion has more delicate leaves than onions. From 30 to 35 leaves are formed on the bulb, which is 3-4 times more than that of a turnip. Ripen 1-1.5 months earlier than the last.

Mainly cultivated for early greenery in open and protected ground. Small lobes are planted in grooves 4-6 cm deep, the distance between them in a row: on a turnip - 8 cm, on greens - 4 cm, the aisles are the same as for onions.

When growing shallots in greenhouses in winter, remember that shallots have a deep dormant period. Therefore, before planting the bulbs, it is necessary to cut the neck to the shoulders and warm it up in water for 2-3 hours at a temperature of + 40 ... + 45 ° C.

Shallots require significantly less watering than onions, which is very important in places with a lack of irrigation water. Otherwise, the care is the same as for onions.

Check out the basic techniques for growing and caring for shallots in these photos:

Shallot varieties and their photos

Atlas F1 - hybrid variety of shallots, early ripening, multi-bud bulbs, dense, beautiful bronze-brown color, excellent taste, shelf life for a long time.

"Bessonovsky local" - early ripening (55-78 days from emergence to technical ripeness), drought-resistant, cold-resistant, pungent taste. The bulb is round-flat in shape, golden yellow in color. In the nest there are 4-5 bulbs weighing 40-65 g. It is grown in annual and biennial crops. Keeping quality is very good.

"Russian purple" - vegetatively propagated variety, high-yielding, early maturing, ripens in 90-100 days. The color of dry scales is violet. Forms 10-20 round-flat bulbs in the nest. One of the best shallots, the bulbs are good keeping quality.

"Kuban yellow" - medium-nesting, high-yielding variety (6-10 bulbs per nest), with a semi-sharp taste. The color of dry scales is yellow with a pink tint. Ripens in 90-110 days. It tolerates low soil moisture well.

"Sprint" - early ripening variety, the period from full sprouting to mass lodging of leaves is 55-60 days.

Pay attention to the photo - this variety of shallots has round-flat bulbs, yellow, small-bud (the number of buds is 3-9):

Bulb weight is 25-45 g. The leaves are wide enough, almost like onions, but turn yellow early.

Growing and caring for chives in the open field (with photo)

Chives on the photo

Chives are a perennial herb that produces good greens throughout the year. In the open field, in one place, you can grow for four to five years. This plant can be grown in greenhouses and even in a room.The leaves of the chives are very delicate, slightly pungent and fragrant. They contain vitamin C, carotene, sugar, essential oils, mineral salts. In terms of chemical composition, this is one of the most valuable vegetable onions; in terms of calorie content, it surpasses onions. In spring it grows back very quickly and forms a large green mass.

To obtain the highest yields, cultivation of chives is best done on moist, weed-free soils. It can be grown by sowing seeds in open ground in early spring with a seeding depth of 0.5-1 cm or vegetatively by dividing bushes. Bushes are planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other, divided every 3-4 years. With prolonged cultivation for more than four years, 50-60 daughter plants are formed in the bush, the leaves become small, the yield decreases. Chives, after seed ripening in June, grows back and gives good greens in the second half of summer and autumn.

When growing chives, caring for plants includes loosening, watering, weeding. Water regularly; the best condition for growth is a sunny place. Young greens are harvested several times during the growing season. Leaves are cut at a height of 2 cm above soil level. If you are interested in getting greens throughout the season, then cut the leaves whole, and do not pinch off the tops, and do not let the onions bloom.

It is possible to use this type of onion as an ornamental culture, as it forms openwork spherical inflorescences of pink or purple color.

Look at the photo of growing chives and caring for plants to better understand how all the basic agricultural techniques are performed:

The best varieties of chives

"Honey plant" - mid-early, semi-acute. The period from the emergence of mass shoots (regrowth of leaves) to the beginning of harvesting is 36-50 days. The variety is characterized by amicable growth of greenery in spring and long-term yield, which is up to 2.5 kg / m2 per season.

"Albion" - mid-season, winter-hardy variety of chives. For one onion 2-3 leaves. The length of the leaves is up to 38 cm, the width is 0.6 cm, the length of the false stem is 2.2 cm. The weight of one plant is 15-18 g. The taste is spicy. The yield per cut is 1.7-2.0 kg / m2.

"Spring" - mid-season, winter-hardy variety. The plant forms a powerful bush with a high degree of branching, up to 60 cm high. Leaf length 38 cm, width 0.8 cm. False stem up to 10 cm long. Slightly sharp taste. Productivity for the growing season is up to 6.0 kg / m2 (3-4 cuts).

"Nemal" - the mass of leaves on one plant is 580 g, false bulbs 290 g, the predominant color of the leaves is green, with a medium waxy bloom. The taste is spicy. The optimal yield is 6.84 kg / m2. It is cultivated on green feathers as early spring vitamin greens.

"Erecta" - forms a rich green mass with delicate leaves of a pleasant taste. It blooms with beautiful, large, pink-lilac flowers.

Growing conditions and care for leeks (with video)

Onion -porey in the photo

This type of onion resembles garlic in appearance. But this is only an external resemblance. The leaves are flat, folded along the central vein up to 50-60 cm long. It does not form bulbs; leaves and a dense bleached stem (leg) are used for food.

Leek is one of the most valuable types of onion. It has excellent taste and gives fresh greens until the very frost. This culture lacks a pungent smell and taste. Its aroma is softer, and its taste is subtler, more pleasant, sweeter than that of onions. Leeks contain vitamins C, E, B1, B2, PP.

As you can see in the photo, this type of onion is used as salad greens:

The lower leaves form a false stem 10-30 cm long, 2-5 cm in diameter. Leeks are also canned, salted, pickled, dried, frozen.

An important property of leeks is that during winter storage there is not a decrease, but a significant increase in the content of vitamin C in the stem due to the outflow from the leaves.

Leeks are grown both by seedlings and by sowing seeds in the ground. The time from sowing to germination is 14-18 days. Seeds remain viable for 3 years.

It is a very moisture-loving plant, so one of the conditions for growing leeks is to provide the plants with sufficient water. The culture is very demanding on soil fertility. If organic fertilizers were not introduced for digging in the fall (10 kg of humus per 1 m2), then during the growing season, additional feeding with infusion of mullein or chicken droppings should be carried out.

A distinctive feature of caring for leeks during cultivation is that in the second half of summer (in July, August) it must be hilled 2-3 times. This exercise allows you to get a long, delicate, well-bleached leg. Although the leaves of the leek grow until late autumn, you should not delay harvesting, especially if the onion is intended for storage.

In warm years, leek winters well in the open field.

The video of growing leeks shows all the main agricultural practices:

The best leeks for the middle lane

Among the best varieties of leeks are:

"Karantansky" - late ripening variety, vegetation period 125-176 days from germination to technical ripeness. Semi-sharp, the leg is short - 10-25 cm, cylindrical, 5 cm thick in the middle part, the mass of the leg is about 100 g.

"Winter giant"... Due to its frost resistance and late ripening, the variety is especially valuable for consumption in winter. This leek variety forms a thick, long stem with a wonderful mild flavor. Disease resistant, stored until May.

"Elephant's trunk" - biennial plant. Leaves 80-90 cm long, covered with a waxy bloom, delicate, slightly pungent in taste.

"White Lisbon" - special type of onion for salad purposes. Forms rich, juicy greens of pleasant taste with a massive, thick and very delicate base. In the middle lane, this variety of leeks can be planted before winter - then you will provide yourself with the earliest spring greens.

"Russian size" - a plant with a giant "leg" of at least 60 cm. Early ripening, valued for its high potassium content.

The best varieties of onion-batuna, planting, care and cultivation

Onion-batun in the photo

Batun onion is a perennial herb, does not form bulbs, branches strongly and forms a large leaf mass, contains twice as much vitamin C as onions, in addition, it is rich in carotene, vitamins B1, B2, D, proteins, phosphorus salts and copper.

Among the varieties of onion-batun, the most famous is "April". This is an early ripe variety, from germination to technical maturity, it takes 30-40 days. The color of the leaves is dark green, with a weak waxy bloom, the weight of the plant is 200-300 g. The taste is semi-sharp, the leaves are tender, juicy, do not coarse for a long time.

"Russian winter" - mid-season, winter-hardy variety. This one of the best varieties of onion is cultivated in both annual and perennial crops. The taste is semi-sharp, the leaves are tender. With perennial culture - 2-3 cuts of green feathers per summer.

When growing and caring for the onion, keep in mind that it is a light-loving, cold-resistant plant. It tolerates spring frosts down to -10 ° C. Plant development begins in spring at a temperature of + 2 ° C. It can grow in one place for 4-5 years. With regular harvesting, the leaves will grow back throughout the summer.

The plant is propagated by seeds and dividing the bush. Planting and caring for batun onions can be carried out during the spring and summer. The seeding depth is 2-3 cm. When propagating by dividing the bush, one plant gives 5-7 daughter plants per year. It is better to transplant at the end of August - September, while the leaves are cut off so as not to cover the growing point. After planting, when growing onions, watering is required.

Multi-tiered onions: planting, care and cultivation (with photo)

Multi-tiered bow in the photo

The tiered bow is a type of perennial bow. Outwardly, it looks like onion and batun. Just like onions, this type of onion forms fist-like leaves and a true basal bulb. Its main difference from the batun and onion is in the structure of the flower arrow.

Look at the photo - the arrow of a multi-tiered bow ends not with flowers, but with air bulbs located in 3-4 tiers:

The largest air bulbs (bulbs) are on the 1st tier, the smallest ones on the 3rd and 4th. Does not form seeds, propagates only vegetatively - air bulbs and basal bulbs by dividing the bush. It grows in one place for 4-5 years. Very winter-hardy. It tolerates frosts down to -40 ° C.

In multi-tiered onions, all parts of the plant (leaves, basal bulbs and bulbs) are eaten fresh and canned. They are used as a seasoning for the first and second courses, in the preparation of meat and vegetable okroshka, various salads, marinades. The green leaves of this onion are a good decoration for snack dishes (cold fish, caviar, mushrooms, etc.).

To grow multi-tiered onions for digging the soil before planting, add a bucket of humus, 20-30 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium chloride, 10 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 m2. Planting in spring gives the onion an opportunity to take root, it grows quickly, and nutrients accumulate in it by winter. Bulbs are planted before winter (in October - November). Spring planting of an early good harvest in the first year does not.

Onions are planted in an ordinary way, the row spacing is 40-45 cm, to a depth of 3-5 cm.For ease of care, when planting a multi-tiered onion, an interval of 3-4 cm is left between the plants. During the growing season, care consists in weeding, watering, loosening, feeding organic fertilizers.

These photos of growing multi-tiered onions show how to care for plants in a garden plot:

Cuts of feathers begin in early spring when they reach a height of 25-30 cm; if necessary, you can cut off younger greens throughout the summer. The highest yield is given by 2-3-year-old plantations.

Bulbs and basal bulbs do not have a dormant period, therefore, after removing them from the plant, they can be planted immediately, before planting, the nests of the bulbs are divided into separate bulbs.

Growing and caring for this type of onion in the off-season is carried out in hotbeds and greenhouses. This requires a temperature of only plus + 10 ... + 12 ° С. You need to store onions for forcing with a whole nest in the ground. They root well, branch out and form a green mass after 35-40 days. By means of pavement (solid) planting per 1 m2, 10-12 kg of bulbs will be required. The yield of green feathers is 13-18 kg per 1 / m2.

The value of this onion lies in the fact that, in comparison with others, it contains an increased amount of ascorbic acid (in the leaves - 50-75 mg, in the bulbs - 30-50 mg per 100 g of raw mass), a lot of essential oil. There are also vitamins B1, B2, PP, carotene. The phytoncidal activity of multi-tiered onions is also slightly higher than that of other perennial types of onions (batun, schnitt, slug).

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