The best varieties of hazelnuts

Hazelnut fruits, possessing excellent and nutritious qualities, stimulate gardeners to seriously start growing cultivated varieties of hazel on their plots. What hazelnuts are, and what varieties should be chosen for its cultivation in different regions of Russia, find out from the descriptions and photos presented in this article.

Brief characteristics of the plant

Hazelnut is a cultivated form of hazel. The average height of the shrub is 6 m. The crown is spreading, large foliage can be painted in green and dark red shades, which makes hazelnuts valuable as an ornamental plant. The shape of the leaves is round or oval, serrated at the edges, the tip of the leaf is elongated. Hazelnuts bloom from December to March.

Hazelnut - a cultivated form of hazel

Hazelnuts are picky about the fertility and density of the soil, they like good watering. Its root system is located quite close to the surface, so hazelnuts are often used to strengthen loose slopes. Most varieties tolerate frost well.

Attention! Since the flowers of hazelnuts are unisexual and pollinated with the help of the wind, several bushes of different varieties should be planted in order for the plant to bear fruit.

Hazelnuts are not picky about care, grows well in shaded areas. And at the same time, most varieties of hazelnuts need to be pruned annually, since due to thickening, their yield may decrease. In addition, plants over 11 years old require anti-aging pruning from time to time.

Varieties for central Russia

At the moment, about 100 varieties of hazelnuts are known, but not all of them have sufficient frost resistance to be grown in central Russia. Therefore, when choosing a variety for planting, this should be taken into account. For the middle lane, the state registry recommends:

1. "Ekaterina" - a hybrid variety of hazelnuts belonging to the category of dessert. Frost-resistant, gives stable yields. Its vigorous bush has high decorative properties: purple foliage, elongated nuts, collected in clusters of 8 pieces and painted in pink or dark crimson shades. The average weight of a nut is up to 5 g.

Hazelnut "Catalan"

Attention! The disadvantages of the "Ekaterina" variety include the difficulty of reproduction.

2. "Catalan" - Polish medium-early variety of hazelnuts, with a good yield and excellent quality of nuts. Harvesting falls at the end of September. A characteristic feature of the variety is that fully ripe nuts fall out of the shell easily.

3. "Sugary" - a hybrid form of hazelnuts with high winter- and frost-resistant qualities, fruiting with medium-sized nuts of excellent quality. The leaves and nuts are colored in a rich dark cherry hue, which makes the shrub very attractive from a decorative point of view. Average yield per bush - 4 kg. The oil content in the kernels is one of the highest - 71%.

4. "Moscow early" - an early-ripening winter-hardy variety of hazelnuts, producing up to 3 kg of nuts from a bush, is recommended for cultivation in the northwest and central part of Russia. The weight of the nut is 1.8 g, the shape is rounded-oblong.

Hazelnut "Masterpiece"

5. "Masterpiece" - A vigorous, early-growing variety of Ukrainian origin. It can be used as a standard crop. Winter hardy and productive, easily propagates vegetatively. Large nuts are collected in bunches of 2-8 pieces, weight of 1 nut - 3 g. Kernels contain 65% oil and have good keeping quality.

Varieties for the southern regions of the Russian Federation

When cultivating hazelnuts in the south of Russia, the following varieties have shown themselves favorably:

1. "Adyghe" - due to the ability to tolerate drought and low temperatures sufficiently firmly, it is recommended by the state register for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. The variety is universal, practically not affected by pests and diseases. The fruits are round, up to 2.1 g in size, collected in clusters of 3-4 pieces, the average yield is 22 c / ha.

2. "Roman" - Italian large-fruited variety of medium ripening. Cultivated in Adygea and Krasnodar Territory. The bush is vigorous, begins to bear fruit early, the harvest period falls in the second half of August.

Hazelnut "Adyghe" is resistant to droughts and low temperatures

Attention! Hazelnuts of the "Rimsky" variety, due to their low resistance to frost, can freeze out in cold winters.

The average weight of the nut is 2.7 g, the kernel is large, with a high oil content (67%), and is versatile in use.

3. "Perestroika" - an early ripe variety of hazelnuts with the highest tasting score - 5 points. Nuts are large enough, round, weighing 2.2 g, contain 73% fat.

4. "Khachapuri" - Georgian variety, characterized by stable fruiting, is capable of producing up to 20 c / ha. It is a self-fertile variety, with good pollination, begins to bear fruit at the 7th year of life. Resistant to pests and drought, forms a lot of shoots. Ripens in August. Nuts are large, weighing 2.7 g, have a thin shell and a kernel with an almond note in taste.

Attention! Among the disadvantages of the hazelnut variety "Khachapuri" should be highlighted low frost resistance, low rooting rate of the shoots and the tendency of the kernel to dry out during long-term storage.

Hazelnuts can be grown for decorative purposes as a hedge

Hazelnut as an ornamental plant

Since, in addition to the ability to bear fruit, hazelnuts also have valuable decorative qualities, it can be used to create decorative hedges or walls, planting at intervals of 50 cm. Recommended varieties:

1. "Aurea" - tall shrub (up to 6 m) with a dense umbrella-shaped crown. When blooming, the foliage of this variety has a golden yellow color, which changes in summer to lemon green, and in autumn to yellow. Variety "Aureya" - fruiting, grows well, when planted in open, not shaded areas.

2. "Kontorta" - slow-growing shrub with high decorative properties. The trunks are strongly curved, they look especially impressive in early spring, when hazelnuts are blooming. Flowers - hanging earrings, leaves - asymmetric, strongly wrinkled, fruits - nuts of a round or oblong shape. Recommended for single plantings in open areas, to maintain decorative appeal, requires a monkey.

Hazelnut "Purple"

3. "Purple" - mid-early variety, showing high resistance to drought and frost. The average yield is 6 c / ha. Foliage - dark purple hue, fruits - oblong, small. Tasting assessment of nuts - 4.6 points.

4. Red Majestic Is an ornamental medium-sized fruiting variety. The bush trunks curved in the form of a corkscrew look spectacular in the autumn-winter period. The variety is no less beautiful in early spring, when purple-red earrings appear on it, and then the foliage of the same shade blooms. In summer, the leaves turn from purple to green. Fruits are small and not numerous.

The description of the presented varieties will allow gardeners interested in growing hazelnuts to orient themselves among the abundance of decorative and high-yielding species of cultivated hazel, to choose the best option.

Hazelnut varieties - video

(+ care tips)

The owners of six hundred square meters always have the same question: how to combine business with pleasure? After all, I would like to have both fruit trees and decorative ones. And there is not enough space ... So hazel is just what you need! Even ordinary varieties with green leaves look very elegant on the site. Especially in autumn, when their crowns are painted in all sorts of shades of yellow and red. And then there are varieties with purple leaves!

In addition, the fruits of this shrub are very tasty and healthy: they are the most nutritious of all nuts and even more nutritious than fish and meat!

In general, such a plant should be on every site.

10 varieties for the middle laneAt the moment, 19 varieties of hazel (hazelnuts) are listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Nine for the southern regions. And the other ten are displayed just for the middle lane.

Academician Yablokov. A very beautiful variety with red leaves. Bushes up to 3.7 m high. Productivity is high - 4–5 kg per bush. Taste rating - 4.5 points (out of 5).

Ivanteevsky red. In summer, he also has red leaves, but in autumn they ... turn green. Bushes up to 4.5 m high. One plant can collect 1–2.2 kg of nuts. Tasters estimate their taste at 4 points.

Kudrife. A variety with beautiful pinkish-red leaves. Bushes 3.5 m high. Productivity - 1.5-2.8 kg. Taste - 4.5 points.

Moscow early. This variety also has red leaves. The bushes are low, up to 3 m. Productivity is up to 3 kg per plant. Taste rating - 4.5 points. Moscow ruby. A very decorative variety - the leaves and even the shells of the fruit are bright crimson. Bushes are high, up to 4.5 m. Productivity - 3 kg per bush. Taste score - 4.3 points.

It is the main pollinator for other varieties of hazelnuts.

Firstborn. The leaves of this variety are red. Plants up to 3.5 m high. Productivity is high - 4–5 kg per bush. Taste - 4.5 points.

It is a good pollinator for red-leaved hazelnut varieties.

Purple. Its name fully reflects the color of the leaves - they are dark purple in color. Bushes up to 3.5 m high. Up to 3 kg of nuts can be harvested from one plant. Taste rating - 4.6 points.

It is a good pollinator for hazelnuts with green leaves.

Sugar. One of the most beautiful hazelnuts - both the leaves and the nut wrappers are colored dark cherry. Bushes 3–3.5 m high. Productivity - up to 3-4 kg per plant. Taste - 4.5 points. In terms of oil and sugar content, it surpasses all other varieties!

Tambov early. It is the only cultivar for the middle lane with green leaves. The height of the bush is up to 4 m. Productivity - 4 kg per plant. Taste rating - 4.5 points.

Confession. This variety has red leaves in summer, and turn green by autumn. The bushes are low, only 2.5 m. Up to 3.5 kg of nuts can be harvested from one tree. Their taste is excellent - tasters give them 4.8 points. This is the most delicious hazelnuts for the middle lane!

Planting SecretsIt is better to plant hazel along the borders of the garden plot according to the scheme: 4x4 or 3x3 m.The planting holes are dug 80 cm wide and 50 cm deep.However, there is one little trick: it is useful to add a little soil taken from under the old hazel into the hole - in it there are special mushrooms that live on the roots of hazel. They will help a young plant to take root in a new place faster.

Ideal hazel seedlings should have 2–4 branches 30–50 cm long and a good lobe of roots. Before planting, they are pruned to 25-30 cm. The branches are shortened to 20-25 cm.

After the pits are covered with earth, the plants are watered - 2 buckets each. And the trunks are mulched with peat or humus with a layer of 3-5 cm.

Care TipsHazel is very fond of moisture, so the first year it must be watered once a week - 2-3 buckets per bush. And be sure to weed out the weeds, otherwise they will clog the young plants. The trunk circles at this time should be constantly mulched.

By the way, the roots of hazel are located superficially, so loosen the ground very carefully, no deeper than 5–8 cm.

Under young bushes, once every 3 years, they bring in a bucket of humus.

Under fruiting plants every 2-3 years (in the fall for digging) add: half a bucket of humus or compost, 4 tbsp. tablespoons of double superphosphate and 1.5 tbsp. tablespoons of potassium salt. And in the spring, before bud break, 2 tbsp is poured into the trunk circle. tablespoons of ammonium nitrate or urea.

Form a hazel bush in 6-10 trunks. And at the age of 20 they begin to rejuvenate: 2-3 old trunks are cut annually, and new skeletal branches are formed from strong young shoots.

IMPORTANT!

In order for the hazelnut to give the maximum yield, 3-4 varieties must be planted side by side. And among them there must be at least one green, because red often form only female flowers. And if male earrings do appear, then their pollen is usually sterile.

Alexey VOLODIKHIN, agronomist

Hazelnut fruits, possessing excellent and nutritious qualities, stimulate gardeners to seriously start growing cultivated varieties of hazel on their plots. What hazelnuts are, and what varieties should be chosen for its cultivation in different regions of Russia, find out from the descriptions and photos presented in this article.

Brief characteristics of the plant

Hazelnut is a cultivated form of hazel. The average height of the shrub is 6 m. The crown is spreading, large foliage can be painted in green and dark red shades, which makes hazelnuts valuable as an ornamental plant. The shape of the leaves is round or oval, serrated at the edges, the tip of the leaf is elongated. Hazelnuts bloom from December to March.

Hazelnut - a cultivated form of hazel

Hazelnuts are picky about the fertility and density of the soil, they like good watering. Its root system is located quite close to the surface, so hazelnuts are often used to strengthen loose slopes. Most varieties tolerate frost well.

Attention! Since the flowers of hazelnuts are unisexual and pollinated with the help of the wind, several bushes of different varieties should be planted in order for the plant to bear fruit.

Hazelnuts are not picky about care, grows well in shaded areas. And at the same time, most varieties of hazelnuts need to be pruned annually, since due to thickening, their yield may decrease. In addition, plants over 11 years old require anti-aging pruning from time to time.

Varieties for central Russia

At the moment, about 100 varieties of hazelnuts are known, but not all of them have sufficient frost resistance to be grown in central Russia. Therefore, when choosing a variety for planting, this should be taken into account. For the middle lane, the state registry recommends:

1. "Ekaterina" - a hybrid variety of hazelnuts belonging to the category of dessert. Frost-resistant, gives stable yields. Its vigorous bush has high decorative properties: purple foliage, elongated nuts, collected in clusters of 8 pieces and painted in pink or dark crimson shades. The average weight of a nut is up to 5 g.

Hazelnut "Catalan"

Attention! The disadvantages of the "Ekaterina" variety include the difficulty of reproduction.

2. "Catalan" - Polish medium-early variety of hazelnuts, with a good yield and excellent quality of nuts. Harvesting falls at the end of September. A characteristic feature of the variety is that fully ripe nuts fall out of the shell easily.

3. "Sugary" - a hybrid form of hazelnuts with high winter- and frost-resistant qualities, fruiting with medium-sized nuts of excellent quality. The leaves and nuts are colored in a rich dark cherry hue, which makes the shrub very attractive from a decorative point of view. Average yield per bush - 4 kg. The oil content in the kernels is one of the highest - 71%.

4. "Moscow early" - an early-ripening winter-hardy variety of hazelnuts, producing up to 3 kg of nuts from a bush, is recommended for cultivation in the northwest and central part of Russia. The weight of the nut is 1.8 g, the shape is rounded-oblong.

Hazelnut "Masterpiece"

5. "Masterpiece" - A vigorous, early-growing variety of Ukrainian origin. It can be used as a standard crop. Winter hardy and productive, easily propagates vegetatively. Large nuts are collected in bunches of 2-8 pieces, weight of 1 nut - 3 g. Kernels contain 65% oil and have good keeping quality.

Varieties for the southern regions of the Russian Federation

When cultivating hazelnuts in the south of Russia, the following varieties have shown themselves favorably:

1. "Adyghe" - due to the ability to tolerate drought and low temperatures sufficiently firmly, it is recommended by the state register for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria.The variety is universal, practically not affected by pests and diseases. The fruits are round, up to 2.1 g in size, collected in clusters of 3-4 pieces, the average yield is 22 c / ha.

2. "Roman" - Italian large-fruited variety of medium ripening. Cultivated in Adygea and Krasnodar Territory. The bush is vigorous, begins to bear fruit early, the harvest period falls in the second half of August.

Hazelnut "Adyghe" is resistant to droughts and low temperatures

Attention! Hazelnuts of the "Rimsky" variety, due to their low resistance to frost, can freeze out in cold winters.

The average weight of the nut is 2.7 g, the kernel is large, with a high oil content (67%), and is versatile in use.

3. "Perestroika" - an early ripe variety of hazelnuts with the highest tasting score - 5 points. Nuts are large enough, round, weighing 2.2 g, contain 73% fat.

4. "Khachapuri" - Georgian variety, characterized by stable fruiting, is capable of producing up to 20 c / ha. It is a self-fertile variety, with good pollination, begins to bear fruit at the 7th year of life. Resistant to pests and drought, forms a lot of shoots. Ripens in August. Nuts are large, weighing 2.7 g, have a thin shell and a kernel with an almond note in taste.

Attention! Among the disadvantages of the hazelnut variety "Khachapuri" should be highlighted low frost resistance, low rooting rate of the shoots and the tendency of the kernel to dry out during long-term storage.

Hazelnuts can be grown for decorative purposes as a hedge

Hazelnut as an ornamental plant

Since, in addition to the ability to bear fruit, hazelnuts also have valuable decorative qualities, it can be used to create decorative hedges or walls, planting at intervals of 50 cm. Recommended varieties:

1. "Aurea" - tall shrub (up to 6 m) with a dense umbrella-shaped crown. When blooming, the foliage of this variety has a golden yellow color, which changes in summer to lemon green, and in autumn to yellow. Variety "Aureya" - fruiting, grows well, when planted in open, not shaded areas.

2. "Kontorta" - slow-growing shrub with high decorative properties. The trunks are strongly curved, they look especially impressive in early spring, when hazelnuts are blooming. Flowers - hanging earrings, leaves - asymmetric, strongly wrinkled, fruits - nuts of a round or oblong shape. Recommended for single plantings in open areas, to maintain decorative appeal, requires a monkey.

Hazelnut "Purple"

3. "Purple" - mid-early variety, showing high resistance to drought and frost. The average yield is 6 c / ha. Foliage - dark purple hue, fruits - oblong, small. Tasting assessment of nuts - 4.6 points.

4. Red Majestic Is an ornamental medium-sized fruiting variety. The bush trunks bent in the form of a corkscrew look spectacular in the autumn-winter period. The variety is no less beautiful in early spring, when purple-red earrings appear on it, and then the foliage of the same shade blooms. In summer, the leaves turn from purple to green. Fruits are small and not numerous.

The description of the presented varieties will allow gardeners interested in growing hazelnuts to orient themselves among the abundance of decorative and high-yielding species of cultivated hazel, to choose the best option.

Hazelnut varieties - video

Material prepared
specialist of the Association of Russian Gardeners
Dorokhova E.V.
In preparing the article, materials from the Internet resource were used
www.ukr-nuts.org

Hazelnut and hazelnut varieties

Aurea (Common hazel)

Aurea (Common hazel) - it is a large shrub up to 6 m high and wide. The crown is wide with numerous vertical trunks. Over the years, the crown becomes umbrella-shaped. It grows slowly at a young age, later faster. Flowers - graceful yellow dangling earrings. The fruits are round or oblong nuts. Edible.Leaves when blooming are golden-yellow, lemon-green in summer, turn yellow in the shade, large up to 1 2 cm long. Reaches the best development in sunny or semi-shady areas. It bears poorly in dense shade. Recommended for gardens and urban greenery as a color accent. No. 4219 The green-leaved variety N 4219 is also interesting. It has a cupped bush with burdock leaves and huge (26x24x21mm) nuts.

Adyghe 1

Adyghe 1 Seedling from free pollination of the local form. Received from the Kuban State Agrarian University on a personal plot in the Teuchezhsky district of the Adyghe Autonomous Region. Second: N.A.Tkhagushev. Early middle (third decade of August) ripening period. It is characterized by high frost resistance, relative drought resistance, little damage by pests and diseases. The average yield is 22.1 c / ha. On the Krasnodar nut-bearing cultivar plot, the average yield left 7.1, the maximum - 16.7 c / ha. Universal purpose. A bush of medium growth with a crown of medium density, about a round shape and geniculate, olive-yellow, about downy shoots. Fruits with an average weight of 1.7 - 2.1 g, broadly rounded, rounded - oblong, collected in 3 - 4, less often 5 - 8 pieces. The wrapper is whole, slightly longer than the nut. The shell is thin, light brown with strong fluff at the top. The kernel is full and dense. Kernel yield 49.3%, fat content 65.6%. Tasting score 3.9 points. On the state test since 1967. Included in the state register in 1 973 for the North Caucasus region. Zoned in the Krasnodar Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. Advantages: Differs in high frost resistance, relative drought resistance, little damage by pests and diseases.

Academician Yablokov

Academician Yablokov Obtained by crossing hazelnut 86 and Trebizond. Separated from the A.S. Yablokova at the NPO for walnut growing "Funduk" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. From the hybrid fund of red-leaved hazelnuts, the most valuable were allocated to the elite. A medium-sized bush with a height of 3.5 - 3.7 m, a beautiful bowl-shaped. Leaves and shoots are red. The plants of the variety are very beautiful. True, at the beginning of the season, due to the dark brown color of female inflorescences, they look frozen, but by the middle of June many densely tied raspberry nuts appear on the bushes, collected in seedlings of 7 - 1 2 pieces. Differs in abundant formation of fruit twigs. Nuts are large, elongated acorn-shaped (25x17x17 mm), beautiful - dark brown stripes appear against a lighter brown background, the mass of a nut without a plyus is 2.5 - 3.4 g. The kernel yield is 54 - 56%, the fat content is more than 65%. It grows and bears fruit both in the middle zone of the country and in the south. In size and appearance, the fruits resemble acorns. The plant gives annually up to 10 kg of nuts per bush. Late ripening. They ripen in late September - early October. Due to a too thin shell, the nuts can be severely damaged by the weevil. Average winter hardiness - male inflorescences and annual growth freeze slightly. Female inflorescences can withstand spring frosts up to 6–7 ° С. Therefore, a pollinator was selected for him - hazel of the varieties Tambovskiy Ranniy and Tambovskiy Pozdniy, Pervenets. With the artificial pollination of female Hazelnut flowers of the Akademik Yablokov variety with pollen of the Tambovsky Pozdny hazelnut variety, up to 1 00% of the useful ovary is obtained. Tasting score 4.5 points. State test since 1975. Included in the state register in 1994 for the Central, Central - Chernozem, North - West, Middle Volga and North Caucasian regions. Recommended for Central (Bryansk region, Kaluga region, Moscow region, Ryazan region, Tula region), Central - Chernozem (Belgorod region, Voronezh region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Tambov region), Northwestern (Kaliningrad region ),Srednevolzhsky (Penza region) and North Caucasian (Rostov region, Kabardino - Balkarian Republic, Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea, the Republic of North Ossetia, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Karachay - Cherkessia). The variety is winter-hardy, bears fruit abundantly and annually. Disadvantages: Average winter hardiness; in severe winters, annual shoots freeze. This hybrid bore fruit well already at a young age, but male earrings did not form on it until the age of 22.

Anakliuri

Anakliuri local Georgian variety, which is obtained by folk selection. This variety is found in all regions of Georgia, but among the varieties widespread in Samegrelo and Abkhazia, both quantitatively and qualitatively takes the first place. In Western Georgia it ripens from 15 to 20 July, and in the Eastern regions of Georgia from 15 to 20 August. This variety is relatively hardy enough without harmful diseases. The variety is characterized by fast growth. The crown is pyramidal. The growing branches are yellowish in color and covered with fluff. The leaves are rather large, rounded, thick and rough, dark green in color. The cover is much longer than the fruit (nut). When ripe, the fruit is easily released from the cover. The fruit has a slightly flattened round shape, brown in size 21x21x19 mm, the thickness of the shell wall is 1.2 - 1.6 mm. The core completely fills the shell. Fruit weight on average 2.5 - 2.9 grams. The core is 48 - 52% by weight, fat content - 57 - 67%. One bush gives 7 - 9 kg.

Ata - baba

Ata - baba Bushes 1.0 - 4.2 m in height. Fruits are 3 - 6, sometimes 1 - 2. The wrapper is 2 times the length of the nut, which has a flat - rounded shape, 1.7 - 2.0 cm in length and 1.4 - 1.8 cm in diameter. The shell is 0.75 mm thick. Walnut weight 2.5 g. Kernel 52%, fat content 68.22%. Nuts ripen in September. Give birth to 15 - 16 kg per bush. At the Zakatala strongpoint, bushes at the age of 11 yielded 7 kg each, and some of the bushes - 25 kg each. The Ata-baba variety is widespread in the walnut regions of Western Azerbaijan, where it occupies 90% of the area of ​​all hazelnut orchards. In one Kutkashensky region, this variety occupies about 800 hectares. Ata - baba Local Azerbaijani variety. Late ripening. Resistant to pests and diseases. Weakly affected by powdery mildew. It begins bearing fruit for 4 years. Average yield 9.5 c / ha. Universal purpose. A vigorous shrub with a spherical, slightly flattened crown. Fruits are very large, weighing 2.5 - 3.0 g, round-oblong. There are no small nuts. The shape of the nut allows you to process (crush) it on equipment without significant losses. The shell is of medium thickness, light brown with dark stripes. The wrapper is twice as long as the nut. Kernel yield 44.2 - 50.4%, fat content 68.2%. The quality of the kernels is good. Of the rejection indicators, only dried kernels are present in the amount of 1.8%, which, according to the specification for hazelnut kernels, corresponds to the 2nd grade and is subject to acceptance. The size and shape of the kernels do not allow the production of roasted hazelnut kernels from such raw materials, since after roasting, the kernels of this variety break into halves and do not always have a uniform color and attractive appearance. From the kernels of this variety, such a type of finished product is well obtained, such as roasted halves of hazelnut kernels.

Badem (Almond, Svyatogorsk, Fingers, Badam)

Badem (Almond, Svyatogorsky, Fingers, Badam). Spreading bush, medium-branched, 2.5 m in height and up to 4 m in diameter. Leaves are broadly oval, obovate, rounded, with a short sharp tip, 11 cm long, 9 cm wide. Fruits are 2 - 7 together, there are also single ones. The envelope is 2 times longer than the nut, strongly lowered, tubular, whole, sometimes dissected on one side, at the apex the edges are drawn together and divided into narrow lanceolate toothed lobes. The walnut is beautiful, 2.5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide and 1.2 cm thick, almost cylindrical in shape, flat, slightly narrowed towards the base, with a groove characteristic of this variety running from base to top.The base is rounded, convex, light gray in color. The shell is hard, light brown at the base, on top, gray, pubescent. Kernel 51.73% with a pinkish-yellow shell, tasty, sweet, fat content 65.03%. Weight of 1000 nuts 1820 - 2200 g. Nuts ripen in August. Harvest - 8 kg per bush. Demanding on moisture, does not tolerate thickening. Included in the industrial range. Distribution in the Crimea, in the Caucasus is rare.

Badius

Badius. Seedling from free pollination of the hazelnut population of the Ustimosky arboretum. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry and M.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Shrub 3.6 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. Fruits are of medium size, truncated - oval in shape. The kernel output is 48.3%. The fat content is 66.3%, the protein content is 16.5%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1982. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Barcelona

Barcelona The bush is vigorous, branched, spreading at the top, with wrinkled, slightly shiny large leaves. Fruits 1 - 4 together. The envelope is fleshy, whole, slightly exceeding the length of the nut, open, with dense pubescence. The nut is round, large, full-bodied, lumpy, flattened in the upper part from wide sides, 2.5 cm long, 2 cm wide and 1.7 cm thick. The base of the nut is large, slightly convex. The shell is dark brown, thick and hard. Kernel 42.69%, fat content 68.14%. The variety is resistant to pests. Deserves a production test in the Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus. In the USA, it is the most popular and accounts for 85% of the gross harvest of hazelnuts.

Barcelona

Barcelona European grade. The bush is vigorous, forms a branched, dense crown. Resistant to low temperatures. In our (Ukraine) climate it grows up to 5 m in height. The leaves are large or very large (length up to 14 cm, width up to 12 cm), elliptical or rounded, light green, the upper side is darker, the lower one is lighter, there are villi on the veins. The edges of the leaves are finely serrated, the apex is strongly serrated. Earrings are numerous, rather large (length up to 9 cm, diameter about 7 mm), usually 2 - 3 in a bunch, light green in color. The flowering time is medium - early. The podovaya shell is very large, almost 2 times as long as the nut, wide, unfolded, with long denticles along the edges. During the ripening period, the shells open and the nuts fall freely. Nuts are large, of various shapes, often ovoid or conical, slightly flattened, irregularly grooved or angular, often triangular. The size of the nut is 25x20x17 mm. The shell is rather thick, red-brown, shiny below with dark brown stripes, lighter at the top, pubescent. The top of the nut ear is often pointed. The kernel is large, asymmetrical, flattened, juicy, sweet. Covered with a wrinkled, fine-fibrous, thin, brown shell. Sometimes there are small voids inside the core. Nuts ripen in the first half of September. The variety is marketable, very productive, early fruiting. The disadvantage of the variety is its instability to moniliosis. Pollinators: Halle, Miracle of Bolwiller, White Lambert, Daviana.

Barcelona angular Medium-sized walnut, thick-brown. The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve (small nuts) is 2.0 - 2.4%. The yield of the core from the rest on the sieve is 41.6%, which corresponds to the specification. The total kernel yield is 42.4%. The elongated shape of the walnut does not correspond to the specification, since it makes it difficult to process it on the equipment of the enterprise (the walnut, together with the kernel, is split in half). After dehulling, the yield of the kernel from a batch of such nuts will be very low (a lot of scrap). The quality of the kernels is very good: all rejection indicators are absent, the mass fraction of moisture in the kernels is optimal - 4.40%.

Berdznula

Berdznula this variety of walnut is found throughout Western Georgia, but it is most widespread in Guria and Samegrelo. High-yielding, fast-growing variety of Georgian selection.Berdznula belongs to high-yielding, fast-growing varieties. The first harvest gives three years after planting, but reaches its maximum at the age of 7 - 15 years. The height of the bush is 4.5 m, diameter is 4.7 m. It blooms in February - early April. The first to bloom are female flowers. The harvest ripens in late July and early August. One bush produces an average of 5 - 10 kg. The fruit is more than average in size with a beautiful light brown color, which tightly fills the shell. The husk is slightly larger than the fruit. Reaching ripeness, the husk easily comes off the nut. Weight ranges from 2.1 - 2.5 grams. The shell thickness reaches 1.3 m. The kernel yield is 49 - 53%, the fat content is 63 - 67%, the average yield is 26.5 c / ha, the maximum yield is 37.7 c / ha. Frost resistance - 32 ° С.

Bolgrad novelty

Bolgrad novelty A seedling from free pollination of a Western European variety. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry and M.N. Vysotsky. Zoned since 1981 in the Steppe zone. Medium ripening. Highly winter-resistant selection. The average yield is 13 c / ha, the maximum - 23.8 c / ha. Needs protection against weevil weevil. A medium-sized bush with a spreading crown and shoots extending at right angles. Fruits are one-dimensional, medium-sized (1.4 g), round, slightly ribbed, with a slight sharpening towards the apex. The shell is of medium thickness, hard, brown, slightly striped. The kernel is dense, creamy at the break. The kernel yield is 46.2%, the fat content is 64.5%, and the protein content is 20.3%. Tasting score 4.8 points. A promising variety. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Highly winter-resistant. Disadvantages: Needs protection against walnut weevil.

Bomb

Bomb (Kakhsky 35) Azerbaijani variety of national selection. The bush is of medium vigor, rounded, height - 3.8 m, diameter - 4.8 m. It blooms in February - early April. The first to bloom are female flowers. Nuts ripen in early September. Fruits are collected in multiples of 2 - 4 pcs. Nuts are flat-round with an even or slightly convex base, 18x22 mm in diameter. The shell is light brown with a striped pubescent bloom, 1.2 mm thick. Kernel 49%, tasty, fat content 67.18% .. Kernel yield - 41.8%, fat content - 67.1%. The average yield is 16.9 c / ha, the maximum - 39.6 c / ha, 9.4 kg per bush. Frost resistance - 32 ° С.

Borovsk

Borovsk Variety of selection of the UkrNII of forestry and agroforestry them. G.M. Vysotsky. The author is F.A.Pavlenko. The variety is of medium ripening (in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine, nuts ripen in the third decade of August). Advantages of the variety: high winter hardiness and productivity, relative unpretentiousness to growing conditions. The bush is vigorous (up to 4.5 m), not prone to thickening. Growth capacity is low. It lends itself well to standard shaping. Harvest in the 7th year after planting reaches 20 kg / ha. In fruit stems - from 2 to 6 nuts. The envelope is slightly longer than the nut, pubescent, with a scalloped edge. Nuts are elongated - conical, flattened on the sides, with an even base, medium size, 2 cm long, weighing 1.9 - 2 g. Shell is light brown, medium pubescent, thin. Kernel yield - 48 - 51%, the kernel is elongated, creamy, good taste. The oil content in the core is 70%, proteins - 16%. Root-forming ability during propagation of the variety by layering and green cuttings is low. Recommended pollinators: forest hazel, varieties Dolinsky, Stepnoy, Dar Pavlenko. The variety has been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine since 1991. It is of interest to amateur gardeners, farmers, beekeepers in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine.

Bratolyubovsky Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Accepted for state variety testing in 1984. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Bykhtinsky Received at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Accepted for state variety testing in 1979.Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Buttner is a Western European cultivar. Nuts are large, 2.1 cm long, 2.0 cm wide and 1.8 cm thick, rounded, sometimes unequal, with a large convex or tuberous base. There are no small nuts. The shell is thick, brown, covered with soft gray pubescence. Kernel 39.2 - 41.8%, tasty, fat content 65.6%. The quality of the kernels is good. Nuts ripen in the second half of September. Harvest 5-7 kg per bush. The shape of the nut allows you to process (crush) it on equipment without significant losses. Of the rejection indicators, only dried kernels are present in the amount of 1.3%, which, according to the specification for hazelnut kernels, corresponds to the 2nd grade and is subject to acceptance.

Vartashensky 2/39 A variety of Azerbaijani origin, it is a derivative of the Ata - Baba variety. A medium-sized bush with a densely leafy spherical crown. Forms a lot of growth. The advantages of the variety are a relatively high, stable yield, high kernel yield, high commercial and taste qualities of the fruits. The average yield from one bush at the age of 17 is 6 - 7 kg of nuts (20 - 23 kg / ha). The disadvantages of the variety are low winter hardiness, weak resistance to bacteriosis. Blooms in February - March. Fruits 6-7 years after planting. Nuts ripen late - in the first decade of September. Forms 4 - 5 or more fruits in seedlings. Nuts of medium size (2 g), with a thin shell (0.8 mm), with a good kernel yield (up to 50.6 - 52.3%) and a fat content (up to 68.5%). Recommended for extensive production testing in all hazelnut growing areas.

Warsaw red

Warsaw red (Varshavsky chervoniy) European grade. A vigorous bullet-shaped bush. Nuts are large, elongated, very tasty, ripens in the second half of September. A very decorative variety with red leaves, the leaves of the bush gradually turn green in summer and turn red in autumn. Pollinator: Galle. Pollinator: Galle. The yield of the core is 48 - 5 1%, with the content of fat in the core 69 - 73%, protein 14%, sugars 8%. The kernel is in a light thin film, delicate, sweetish, in normal room conditions it remains in good condition, almost without losing its taste, for 3-4 years. The flowering time of male earrings and female inflorescences is the same. The stigmas are bright crimson in color.

Halle

Halle (Galsky) German variety, bred in 1788, a vigorous bush, forms a large, branchy, medium-dense crown. Grows up to 5.5 m in height. The placement of leaves is quite dense, the leaves are large or medium (length up to 12 cm, width up to 9 cm), elliptical or round, often with several cuts and a small pointed apex, dark green, with rough villi. Develops numerous male inflorescences, in clusters up to 6 pcs., Up to 7 cm long, about 5 mm in diameter, grayish brown with a purple bloom, pubescent. The flowering time is medium early, usually blooms at the same time with many other varieties. The fruit coat is the same length as the nut, sometimes longer or shorter, rough, fleshy, with villi at the base. The edge of the leaves with uneven teeth, the leaves are adjacent to the nut. During the ripening period, the shell turns yellow and opens, the fruits fall out quite easily. Nuts of attractive appearance, large and very large, conical, strongly tapering towards the top. Walnut size 28x25x23 mm. The shape is usually correct, slightly flattened. The shell is thick, yellow-brown or brown with dark stripes, smooth, shiny, with a light bloom at the top. The kernel is large, ovoid, with a sharp tip, covered with an easily detachable dark brown, coarse fibrous membrane, light creamy, sweet, tasty. Nuts ripen late, usually in the second half of September - early October. There is no need to rush to harvest, as prematurely harvested fruits lose weight, and their taste also deteriorates.One of the most productive varieties, it bears fruit abundantly and regularly. The variety needs fertile soil, does not germinate in cold and waterlogged soil. This variety also requires good pollinators, such as Barcelona, ​​Cosford.

Gaulish Zellian

Gaulish Zellian The variety was bred in 1788 by Buttner in Germany (Halle). Leaves are of medium size, ovoid, rounded, with a cordate base, along the edge with lobe-like teeth and a short cusp. Plots of 2 - 3, rarely one at a time. Envelope equal to or slightly longer than nut, dissected into irregular dentate lobes with sparse glandular hairs. Nuts are ovoid-conical, 2.2-2.5 cm long and 1.8-2.0 cm wide. The shell is brown, shiny, soft pubescent on top, 1.5 mm thick. The core of excellent taste, 42%, fat content 63.94%. Collecting nuts in August - September. Weight of 1000 nuts 3 - 3.4 kg. Harvest 5 - 7 kg per bush.

Ganja

Ganja - hazelnuts (CTN - 69). Bushes vigorous, 10 - 12 m in height. Fruits in bunches of 3 - 4 together, with an open wrapper, 1.5 times its length. Walnut 16x19x18 mm. The shell is thin, 0.8 - 1.0 mm thick. Kernel 57.5%, fat content 69.4%. Harvest 15 - 18 kg of pure nuts per bush. The variety is distinguished by the Zakatala reference point, has very high merits, and in terms of kernel yield, along with the well-known Evgenia variety, it occupies the first place among all still known varieties and certainly deserves widespread introduction into industrial hazelnut orchards.

Hybrid 19 Ukrainian varieties of F.A. P avlenko. Comes from the crossing of a hazelnut with a bear nut. At the age of 17, it has a height of 5.9 m and a diameter of 6.3 m. The growth pattern is intermediate between a tree and a bush. Rounded to oval. On the upper side, green or dark green, evenly slightly pubescent, on the lower side, light green with a bluish tinge and more intense pubescence along the nerves. The base is deeply heart-shaped, the apex is pointed up to 1.5 cm in length. The edges are broadly toothed with lobes emerging. Leaves are 7-15 cm long and 5-13 cm wide. Petioles are green, medium pubescent, up to 3 cm in length. Fruiting from the age of 11. Fruits in bunches of 2 - 7. The envelope is 2 times larger than the nut, at the base is thick, fleshy, sticky, with coarse bristly-glandular pubescence. The upper part of the envelope is thin-skinned, subdivided almost to the middle of the length into pointed, branched, sparsely toothed lobes along the edges. When the fruit ripens, the wrapper usually cracks on one side, the lobes turn outward, exposing the upper part of the fruit. Nuts are broadly ovate, sharp-ribbed, flat-packed, light brownish yellow, with small whitish specks and pubescence in the upper part, 1.8 cm in height, 1.7 cm in width and 1.3 cm in thickness. The base is convex, large, often uneven. The shell is thin. The kernel is hard, fills the shell well, tasty, fat content 61.75%. Harvest - 6 kg per bush. Nuts ripen in the first half of September. Hybrid 19 is frost-hardy, drought-resistant and slightly damaged by pests and diseases. Recommended for industrial cultivation, erosion control planting and landscaping.

Hybrid 39

Hybrid 39 Ukrainian varieties of selection F. A. Pavlenko. Comes from pollination of a bear nut with a mixture of hazelnut pollen. At the age of 17, it reaches a height of 5.2 m and a diameter of 6 m. The growth pattern is also intermediate between tree and bush. The crown is broadly oval and consists of 8 rather thick stems, having a diameter of 4 to 7 cm at a height of 130 cm. The bark is light gray, with lenticels. On annual shoots, it is yellow-gray and with strong pubescence at the place of attachment to a two-year growth. Leaves are rounded, broadly oval with a deep heart-shaped base, ending in a narrow, up to 1.5 cm long, tip. The leaf blade is uneven, with outlined lobes. Leaves are 7–12 cm long and 5–11 cm wide. Leaf petioles are 1–3 cm long, more intensively pubescent in young leaves. Fruits 2 - 5.The envelope at the base is thick, fleshy, tightly fused, twice the length of the nut, deeply divided into narrow lobes, which in turn are sparsely toothed and tied above the fruit. Nuts are naked, only pubescent in the upper part, similar in shape to the nuts of hybrid 19. Fruit 17x15 × 12 mm. The shell is thin. I draw 50.4%, fat content 65.29%. Possesses high winter hardiness and drought resistance. At the time of fruiting, they begin in the 10th year. Yield 11 kg per bush. Nuts ripen in the first half of September. Recommended for the creation of industrial plantations of hazel, anti-erosion plantings and for landscaping.

Hybrid No. 1 TLCA winter-hardy, green-leaved, undersized, good pollinator for red-leaved forms. For the central region (Moscow and Vladimir regions)

Hybrid No. 468 Red-leaved, large-fruited. The crown is very decorative - from raspberry-pink in spring, to raspberry-purple at the end of summer.

Hybrid No. 490 Red-leaved, early maturing and very fruitful. Fruiting almost annually.

Grandiose

Grandiose Seedling from free pollination of the local form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Shrub 5 m high with a rounded, sparse crown. Fruits with an average weight of 2.2 g, oblong - cylindrical, without ribs. The kernel output is 48.9%. The fat content is 66.7%. Tasting score 4.3 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1983. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Gubensky Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous. Nuts are large, 23x20x16 mm, broadly ovate, slightly flattened, with a large convex or tuberous base. Weight 1000 nuts 2740 g. The shell is strong, light. The kernel fills the shell well. It is covered with a velvety brown sheath. Begins to bear fruit in the 4th year after planting. Harvest 8 - 9 kg of nuts per bush. The best pollinator is Cadetten (47.8%), self-pollination 2-13% and free cross-pollination 32.6% (Gusev, 1964).

Gulshishvela

Gulshishvela This variety is one of the best in Georgia in terms of its taste and organoleptic data. Gulshishvela is widespread in both Western and Eastern Georgia, but he is more accustomed to humid subtropical regions. In Guri and in the Ozurgeti region, different varieties of walnut are widespread, but the occupied area of ​​Gulshishvela takes the first place. This nut variety is fast-growing, the bush is round and branched, begins to multiply three years after planting, the harvest is generous - one bush produces an average of 4.5 - 5 kg. This variety is an early breed, the harvest can be harvested from late July to early August. The husk of the fruit is shorter than a nut, on one side it is cut almost to the end, from which most of the fruit does not close, therefore this nut is called "Gulshishvela". A pod of medium size, measuring 20 x 19 x 18 mm. The shell is dark brown, of medium thickness - 2.0 mm. The weight of one nut is 2.1 gr. The fruit fills the shell well. The yield of the kernel is overestimated by climatic factors and ranges between 48 - 52%. Fat content of the fruit is 63 - 67%.

Gustav Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous. Nuts 2 - 4 together, and sometimes one at a time, large, elongated, 27x20x19 mm, cylindrical, oval-ovoid, slightly flattened laterally at the base. There are no small nuts. Weight 1000 nuts 3220 g. The shell is thick, strong. Kernel yield - 42.0 - 49.4%, which corresponds to the specification, fat content 66.12%. The elongated shape of the nut, as well as the poor separation of the kernel from the shell, does not allow processing it on equipment (the nut together with the kernel will split in half and crumble). After dehulling, the yield of the kernel from a batch of such nuts will be very low (a lot of scrap). The quality of the kernels is average. Among the rejection indicators, there are dried kernels - 2.0% and kernels with surface damage - 0.2%, the mass fraction of moisture in the kernels is optimal - 4.46%. The best pollinators: Nottingham - 37% and Eugenia - 24.5% of the ovary.With self-pollination, 1% of the ovary is obtained. Productivity 6.2 - 10.4 kg of nuts per bush.

Davydovsky A seedling from free pollination of an unknown form, selected in a nursery. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Shrub 3.8 m high with a crown of medium density. Pods with an average weight of 1.8 g, rounded, without ribs. The kernel output is 48.5%. Fat content 6 4.6%, protein 16.3%. The core of a pleasant sweetish taste. Accepted for state variety testing in 1980. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Advantages: The core of a pleasant sweetish taste.

Gift of Pavlenko

Gift of Pavlenko Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Bush 4.3 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. The fruits are large (2.5 g), oblong, without ribs. The kernel output is 48.8%. Fat content 66%, protein 18.4%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1983. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Large fruits.

Dedoplistita Other names - Bademi, Lady's finger, hazelnut Akaki Tsereteli... The local Georgian variety is considered to be the homeland of this nut, ancient Colchis, from where it spread to Abkhazia, Eastern Georgia, Crimea and the regions of Adler. In the Ozurgeti region it is called “Akaki” nut. Early (In Western Georgia ripens from July 15 to 20, and in eastern Georgia 5 to 10 August) ripening period. Productivity 10 - 19 kg / ha (on average 4.8 kg per tree). Differs in high demands on moisture. It is characterized by good separability of the plyus from the pericarp, which allows the use of a mechanized harvesting method. Universal purpose. Fats derived from fruits are used in medicine as a substitute for almond oil. Medium and evenly growing medium-sized shrub with upright and slightly branched crown and with a slight ability to form root shoots. The fruits are large, beautiful, one-dimensional, oblong-flattened, with a characteristic groove running from the base to the top. The base is rounded, slightly elongated, light gray in color. The wrapper is 1.5 times longer than the fruit and has the shape of a heart, whole, tubular, closely adjacent to the fruit, light green, slightly pubescent. The fruit has the shape of a cylinder and is larger than the average size of 25x17x15 mm. The shell is thin (0.5 - 0.8 mm). The kernel is covered with a pinkish-yellow skin and has a high taste. Kernel yield 48.8 - 52 - 53%, taste like almonds, fat content - 67.5 - 68%, sugars - 6.8%. One bush gives an average of 4 - 4.5 kg of yield. Tasting score 4.4 points. State test since 1969. Included in the state register in 1995 for the North Caucasus region. Advantages: Mechanized harvesting is possible. Fats derived from fruits are used in medicine as a substitute for almond oil. Disadvantages: Demanding on moisture.

Long Landsberg Western European cultivar. Spreading bush, gives a lot of growth. Walnut and 3.0 cm in height, 1.8 cm in width and 1.7 cm in thickness, cylindrical, sometimes slightly ribbed, with m soft pubescence in the upper part. Weight of 1000 nuts 3.86 kg. Kernel 45.11%, fat content 64%. Productivity 7 - 8 kg per bush.

Dolinsky

Dolinsky An early ripe variety of hazelnuts, selected by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration. G.M. Vysotsky. Obtained from seedlings grown from a mixture of seed varieties in hazelnuts of North Caucasian origin. Breeder F.A. Pavlenko. Differs in early maturity, fairly high, stable yield, winter hardiness of the plant as a whole and catkins, unpretentiousness to growing conditions. An excellent pollinator for most varieties. Root-forming ability during propagation by layering and green cuttings is high. The bush is vigorous. Growth capacity is average.It works well in the standard culture. Forms a large number of very early dusting earrings. Fruits are collected in seedlings of 2 - 6 pieces, in loose wrappers one and a half times longer than a nut. Nuts are of medium size (1.9 g), slightly elongated, widened towards the top. The shell is brown, medium pubescent at the base, thin. The kernel is round, well cleaned from the film when ignited, creamy, excellent taste. The kernel output is 50%. The kernel contains 67% oils, 17% proteins. Removable and consumer maturity of nuts in the zone of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine begins at the end of the first - beginning of the second decade of August.

Profitable the average fruit weight is 3 g, the kernel content is 45.6%, the fat content is 67.9%, the average yield is 21.7 c / ha, the shell thickness is 1.3 mm (thick-bore), the average weight is 100 pcs. dry nuts - 193 g

friendship A seedling from free pollination of a Western European variety. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Bush 5 m high with a slightly compressed crown of medium density. Fruits with an average weight of 2.2 g, oblong-cylindrical, slightly ribbed. The kernel yield is 50.7%, the fat content is 60%, the protein content is 16%. Tasting score 4.3 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1983. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Evgeniya Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous, but compressed. Leaves are rounded, obovate, oblong, twice serrate-toothed along the edge, with a medullary base and a string-tip 1 cm long, pubescent below, 5-8 cm long and 4-7 cm wide. The petioles are short, 0.5-1 cm long, covered with simple and glandular hairs. Fruits of 2 - 4. Envelope whole, shorter than or equal to nut, deeply dissected into lanceolate sparsely toothed lobes, pubescent with simple hairs. Walnut 22-25х14х12 - 13 mm, light brown, with pubescence in the upper part. The shell is thin, fragile. The kernel is 57.5%, dense, tasty, fat content is 66.79%. Branded bushes of this variety are available at the Sochi Experimental Station of subtropical and southern fruit crops. In the conditions of Sochi, it blooms in February - March, harvested at the end of August (3.5 kg of nuts per bush). It is weakly affected by pests and diseases.

Ekaterina

Ekaterina (hybrid 12 - 34) (hazelnut variety) in 1961, from the crossing of the elite in the forests of the Steppe forestry enterprise of the Tambov region. forms of common hazel No. 454, with red-leaved hybrid hazelnuts No. 236 from the hybrid fund of A.S. Yablokova R.F. Kudasheva received this grade. The bush is vigorous, with a red color of the leaves, the wrapper and nuts are colored from pinkish to dark crimson. The nut wrapper is often dissected on one side of the nut, it is much smaller than the nut, and thin. The nut is long, very large 30x19x18 mm. Slightly wider towards the apex, the base is convex, even, smooth, the apex is not pointed, the shell is thin. Dessert variety. The kernel yield is 54%. This variety can grow in Central Russia and in the South. In the southern regions it ripens late.

Zorinsky Obtained by crossing the varieties Cherkesskiy 2 and Badem. Received at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Early ripening. Universal purpose. The bush is 2 m high with a crown of medium density. Fruits are of medium size, round, slightly ribbed. The kernel output is 51.5%. Fat content 68.5%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1980. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Zuidovsky Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. The bush is 4 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. Fruits with an average weight of 2.2 g, round, slightly ribbed. The kernel output is 48%. The fat content is 63.3%, the protein content is 14.6%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1984. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Ivanteevsky red

Ivanteevsky red Originator: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Ivanteevsky Forest Selection Experimental - Demonstration Nursery". It was obtained by crossing the F-705 variety and the 468 hybrid (with the F-129 seed) at the NPO for walnut growing "Hazelnut" at the Serossiysk Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Ivanteevsky red and Pushkin red are similar to each other, like relatives of brothers. Both have burgundy foliage, but Pushkinsky has a little darker. Medium ripening. Winter hardiness is high. The average yield is 4.4 c / ha, the maximum - 9.1 c / ha. It is a good pollinator for green-leaved forms. Universal purpose. The bush is 4.5 m high with a dense, narrow pyramidal bottom, from the middle of the bush - an expanded crown. The leaves are large, red in color (by autumn the leaves are dark green), back - ovoid. The fruit is medium, weighing 1.9 g, wide ribbed, oblong: 27x23x17 mm. The peel is medium, smooth, with thin stripes, brown, towards the top - light brown. Kernel yield 46%, fat content 64%. Average yield 4.4 c / ha. The maximum yield is 9.1 c / ha. Tasting score 4 points. State test since 1995. Included in the state register in 1996 for the Central, Central - Chernozem, North - Western, Middle Volga regions, recommended for the Central (Bryansk region, Kaluga region, Moscow region, Ryazan region, Tula region, Vladimir region, Smolensk region), Central - chernozem (Voronezh region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Tambov region), Northwestern (Leningrad region, Tver region, Pskov region, Novgorod region), Middle Volga (Penza region) regions. Pluses: High winter hardiness. It is a good pollinator for green-leaved hazelnuts.

(variety of hazel)

Isaevsky (variety of hazel) One of the most valuable varieties can also serve as an "amateur" variety - the Isaevsky hazelnut was named by RF Kudasheva in memory of the teacher and professor S.I. Isaev, obtained from crossing the Tambov hazel with the red-leaved variety Akademik Yablokov (Ivanteevsky nursery). The color of large fruits is light brown with dark brown stripes, they have an excellent taste. This hybrid is very frost-hardy, bearing abundant fruit even after the harsh and destructive winter of 1978/79 for apple plantations.

Caucasus A seedling from free pollination of an unknown form, selected in industrial plantings of the Krasnodar Tea Production Association. Received at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops in 1982. Medium ripening. The average yield is 21.8 c / ha, the maximum is 24 c / ha. It is characterized by good separability of the cupule, which makes it possible to mechanize the harvesting process. A high percentage of pollen viability (89%) allows us to recommend this variety as an effective pollinator in industrial plantings of hazelnuts. Universal purpose. Shrub 3 m high with a narrow pyramidal crown of medium density. Fruits are large (2.4 g), flattened-rounded, slightly ribbed. The kernel yield is 47.3%. The fat content is 67.5%, the protein content is 21%. Tasting score 4.5 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1993. Included in the state register in 1999 for the North Caucasus region. Advantages: Adapted for mechanized harvesting. High percentage of pollen viability.

Cadetten Obtained in Germany, Western European cultivar. Vigorous, powerful, spreading bush with a wide crown. It is characterized by good yield. When ripe, the fruits crumble heavily. Universal purpose. Late ripening. Nuts in bundles of 3 - 4. The wrapper is short, up to 1/2 or 2/3 the length of the nut, with large teeth. Nuts 25x18x16 mm, weighing 1.9 g, elongated - oval, elongated - conical or cylindrical. Weight 1000 nuts 2820 g. Shell is light brown, easily cracked. Kernel 42.89 - 50.8%, pure, good taste, fat content 65.73%, protein 12.5%.In the conditions of the North Caucasus, the variety is frost-hardy. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year after planting. Productivity at 10 years of age is 14.3 kg per bush. The best pollinators are Louise (34.3%), Nottingham (28.5 - 51%), self-pollination 16%, and free cross-pollination 22 - 54%. Medium resistant to pests and diseases. Tasting score 4.1 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1963. Included in the state register in 1986 for the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Highly winter-resistant grade. Good yield. Disadvantages: When ripe, the fruits crumble heavily.

Karamanovsky

Karamanovsky (President) A clone of a local seedling sampled from private plantings. Originator: All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Medium ripening. The average yield is 25 c / ha, the maximum - 27 c / ha. Universal purpose. Shrub 3 m high with a drooping crown of medium density. The fruits are large (2.8 - 2.9 g), slightly elongated, smooth. The kernel output is 48%. Fat content 70%, protein 18%. The kernel is dense, of pleasant taste, the tasting score is 4.6 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1992. Included in the state register for the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Large fruits. Pleasant taste.

The variety has been cultivated in Poland for a long time. The bush has a fairly strong growth but does not grow very tall. High quality nuts, large, round in shape, collected in 3 - 5 pieces. The shell of the fruit is slightly shorter than the nut itself. During the ripening process, the shell opens, exposing most of the nut. Shells are of medium thickness, brittle, bronze in color. The nut tastes good and fills the shell almost completely. The variety has a good yield, flowering period in the mid-early period. Ripening of nuts occurs in the second half of September, after ripening the nuts themselves fall out of the shell.

Received in England. Medium late ripening. Weakly resistant to pests and diseases. It is characterized by low productivity. Universal purpose. A vigorous, powerful bush. Fruits weighing 2.2 g, round - conical or elongated, smooth, bright brown. The kernel yield is 39.7%, the fat content is more than 70%. Tasting score 4.1 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1968. Included in the state register in 1983 for the North Caucasus region. Disadvantages: Weakly resistant to pests and diseases. Low yield.

Kerasund long (Sivri kerasund) Spreading bush, reaching 5 - 6 m in height and 6 m in diameter. Leaves are rounded or broadly oval with a sharp tip, twice serrate-toothed - pubescent on the lower and upper sides along the veins, 10 cm long and 9 cm wide. Fruits 1 - 4, sometimes up to 6. Envelope whole, tubular, pubescent with simple and glandular hairs, 2 times the size of a nut, with an interception in the middle and widening towards the end, cracks when ripe. Nuts are ovoid - conical, flattened, tapering towards the apex, with a large, vaulted light gray base, 2 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, 1.6 cm thick. The shell is thin, fragile, golden brown with longitudinal darker stripes. Weight of 1000 nuts 1940. Kernel 50%, excellent taste, fat content 67.79%. The variety is fruitful, demanding on moisture and soil. Nuts ripen in early August. Harvest 6 kg of nuts per bush. Included in the industrial range of the Caucasus.

Kerasund round (Yagly - hazelnuts) The bush is sprawling, almost spherical, reaching 5 m in height and the same diameter. Leaves are rounded or broadly oval, twice serrate-toothed, 8 - 12 cm long, 7 - 10 cm wide. Fruits are 2 - 4. Envelope densely pubescent, its length is 2 - 2.5 times the nut, whole, tubular with an interception in the middle. widening to the apex, along the edge with small serrated lobes. Nuts are round, pointed, sometimes ribbed, of irregular shape, 17-20x16-18x15-17 mm. The base of the nut is flat or lumpy.The shell is thin, golden brown, pubescent in the upper part. The kernel (53.63%) is oily, sweetish, fat content 71.86%. Nuts ripen in early August, the yield per bush is 8 kg. Gives abundant growth. It is resistant to drought and pests, and is thermophilic. In terms of oil content and kernel yield, the variety ranks first among the industrial varieties of the Caucasus and deserves widespread introduction into the hazelnut orchards being created.

Kirovograd

Kirovograd Seedling from free pollination of the Badem variety. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Winter-hardy, fruitful. Universal purpose. The bush is 5 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. Shoots of medium length, geniculate, olive-yellow, pubescent. Fruits are of medium size, oblong, flattened, slightly ribbed, with a pointed apex. The pluck is twice as long as the nut. The kernel output is 47.8%. Fat content 67.1%, protein 16.8%. A promising variety. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Winter-hardy, fruitful.

Wedge-shaped zoned since 1988 in the Forest-steppe. Medium ripening. The envelope is slightly longer than the nut and is dissected into serrated lobes. Nuts are ellipsoid-wedge-shaped, 2 cm long, with a slightly convex base, brown and light brown, with darker oblong stripes, slightly ribbed, weighing 1.6-2.3 g. Kernel yield 50%.

Kontorta (Common hazel) - it is a shrub up to 5 m tall, with a grayish bark, pubescent young shoots, almost rounded leaves, up to 12 cm long, slightly lobed, dark green, glabrous, dull, light green below, pubescent along the veins. It blooms in early spring, before the leaves open, and is distinguished by the special grace of its numerous dangling earrings. The fruit is a round or oblong nut. The most exotic type of hazel with twisted, strongly twisted shoots and wrinkled leaves. In spring, its bare, twisting branches with dangling earrings look fantastic. The variety grows slowly. Up to 3 meters high. Planting is done for better plant survival in spring or early summer. Openwork construction of curved and twisted branches. This variety is recommended to be pruned, leaving only a few of the most “spectacular” branches. Looks best when singly planted in a conspicuous place.

Crowned

Crowned (Excellent) Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry and M. N. Vysotsky. Zoned since 1991 in Polesie. Middle (first decade of September) ripening period. Universal purpose. The bush is up to 5 m high. Shoots are of medium length, straight, greenish-brown, pubescent. Fruits with an average weight of 1.7 - 2.2 g, rounded, slightly ribbed, the plyusa is almost equal to the length of the nut. The kernel output is 47.2%. The fat content is 66.8%, the protein content is 16.4%. The kernel is sweetish with an oily aftertaste. A promising variety. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Advantages: The kernel is sweetish with an oily aftertaste.

Cosford

Cosford variety of English origin, was first grown in Oxford in 1916. Large, slightly compressed bush, 5 m in height and 6 m in diameter, early fruiting, bears fruit very abundantly. The leaves are dark green, wide, oval or obovate, slightly rough, large (length up to 14 cm, width up to 12 cm), acquire a red tint in autumn. Earrings are numerous, long, flexible, light brown or brown. The flowering time is early to medium - early. The growth of the bush is strong. Nuts are large and medium in size, cylindrical in shape, collected in bunches of 2 - 3 pcs. The shell of the fruit is on a par with the nut. The shell is clear bronze in color with dark stripes, very thin. The kernel of the nut is large, completely fills the shell. Nuts are large, oblong, broadly elliptical, flattened and rounded at the ends, often with ribs.The base is convex, gray with teeth. Nuts ripen in the first half of September. The kernel yield is 49.7 - 54% of the total weight of the nut, oiliness is about 62 - 68.27%. They are used for fresh and dry food, as well as in confectionery production. Demanding to growing conditions, prefers to grow in a place protected from the wind with a warm microclimate, resistant to diseases and pests. Medium resistant to low temperatures. The great advantage of the variety is the ability to self-pollinate. It also perfectly pollinates many varieties: Galle, Chudo iz Bolwiller, Valuable Webb, Nottingham, etc. It is itself well pollinated with varieties: Galle, Lambert red-leaved.

Crimean

Crimean variety with a large rounded kernel and a thin brown shell.

Kuban

Kuban Spontaneous somatic mutant (clone) of the Cherkesskiy 2 variety. Obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Medium ripening. Winter-hardy, high-yielding variety. The average yield is 24 c / ha, the maximum - 27 c / ha. Universal purpose. Shrub 3 m high with a drooping crown of medium density. The leaves are large, slightly elongated, dark green, wrinkled. The fruits are very large, with an average weight of 3.5 g, round, slightly flattened, slightly ribbed. The rind is of medium thickness, dense, smooth, slightly bumpy, shiny with a barely noticeable bloom. Kernel yield 48%, fat content 67%, protein 19%. Tasting score 4.6 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1995. Included in the state register in 1999 for the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Winter-hardy, high-yielding variety.

Originator: FGUP ‘Ivantievskiy forest selection experimental and demonstrative nursery’, obtained from the NPO for walnut growing “Funduk” of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Seedling from free pollination of the Moscow Ruby variety. Medium ripening. Winter hardy. The bush is medium, 3.5 meters high. The crown is of medium density, rounded, branches depart from the trunk at an acute angle. The leaves are large, smooth, shiny, pinkish-red, inversely ovoid. The average yield is 6.4 c / ha, the maximum - 11.6 c / ha. (1.1 kg from 1 sq. M). Universal purpose. Fruit weighing 2 g, slightly elongated, with a pointed tip. The rind is medium, smooth, with faint stripes, yellowish-brown. Kernel yield 51.8%, fat content 68.2%. Tasting score 4.5 points. State test since 1995. Included in the state register in 1996 for the Central, North-Western, Middle Volga regions, recommended for the Central (Bryansk region, Kaluga region, Moscow region, Ryazan region, Tula region, Vladimir region, Smolensk region), Central - black earth (Voronezh region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Tambov region), Northwestern (Leningrad region, Tver region, Pskov region, Novgorod region), Middle Volga (Penza region) regions. Advantages: Winter-hardy, productive, with good fruit quality.

Curl (Tombul, Kerasund small) Received at the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Gardening. The bush of medium growth is spreading - drooping, reaches 3.6 m in height and 5.5 m in diameter. The leaves are broadly oval, tomentose on the underside, with large teeth in the upper part. Petioles and annual shoots are heavily pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Fruits in bunches of 2 - 15 together. The envelope is whole, less often split on one side, tightly enclosing the nut and almost twice its length, with a strong gray tomentose and glandular pubescence at the base, dissected along the edge into shallow toothed lobes. Early ripening. When ripe, the edges of the wrapper curl up, which makes it easier to extract the nut. Nuts 15x14x12 mm; broadly oval, rounded, with a sharp apex, often ribbed and with a tuberous base. The shell is thin, dark brown, shiny at the base.Felt-pubescent on top, with dark longitudinal stripes. The yield of pure nuts (without plyusa) is 52 - 61%. The kernel (52.5%) is solid, tasty, contains 70.23% oil and 15% nitrogenous substances. Nuts ripen in late July - early August. Harvest up to 17 kg from one bush. Curl has valuable qualities: abundant yield, early ripening of nuts, high kernel yield and high oil content. Introduced into the industrial assortment of hazelnuts in the Caucasus. Accepted for state variety testing in 1995. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Pluses: High yield. Good taste. The shell is thin. Disadvantages: Small fruits.

Kunzemüllers Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous. Nuts are large - 2.3 cm high, 1.9 cm wide and 1.7 cm thick, broadly oval, angular, with a large, slightly convex base. Weight of 1000 nuts 3310 g. Kernel 46%, fat content 69.75%. Nuts ripen in September. Harvest 10 kg of nuts per bush.

Resort Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Accepted for state variety testing in 1978. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Kutkashen - Niji - 69 A variety of Azerbaijani origin, is a derivative of the Ata-Baba variety. The bush is vigorous, with a broadly spreading crown, has a high growth-forming ability, shoots take root easily. Differs in stable productivity, high yield of kernels and commercial quality of nuts. The average yield from one bush at the age of 17 is 6 - 7 kg of nuts (20 - 30 kg / ha). Among the disadvantages of the variety, it should be noted the average winter hardiness and insufficiently high resistance to pests and bacteriosis. Blooms in February - March. The variety is self-fertile, but it bears fruit better when grown with pollinator varieties: Ata-Baba, Bolwiller's Miracle or wild forms of common hazel. Begins to bear fruit at the age of 6-7 years. Nuts ripen in late August - early September. Forms 4 - 5 or more fruits in seedlings. Nuts of medium size (2.1 g), with a thin shell (0.7 mm), with a high kernel yield (up to 50.0 - 57.0%) and a fat content (up to 68.9%). Recommended for extensive production testing in all hazelnut growing areas.

Hazel No. 2a Highlighted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. The height of the bush is up to 4m. The nut is almost round, with a diameter of 17 - 18 mm, with a very thin shell. The amount of fat in the core is 65%.

Lozovskoy spherical

Lozovskoy spherical Zoned since 1989 in the Steppe and Forest-steppe. Medium ripening. The wrapper is shorter, equal to or slightly longer than the nut, whole or split from one side to the base, serrated. Nuts are almost spherical, 2 cm long, golden-yellow with dark oblong stripes, weighing 2.1-2.5 g. The kernel yield is 50%.

Lombard White (Ladies Fingers) The bush is highly branched, 3-5 m in height and up to 6 m in diameter. Leaves are broadly oval or round, 6-12 cm long, 6-11 cm wide, with a short and sharp tip, twice serrate. Fruits 2-3, up to 8. Whole, tubular wrapper, 1.5 - 2 times longer than the nut, cracking when ripe. Nuts are pointed, oval-oblong, flattened on wide sides, with a large convex base. Walnut 23x15-13 mm. The shell is thin, fragile, light brown. Kernel 53.4%, excellent taste, fat content 70.6%. The variety is fruitful. The nuts ripen in mid-August. Good pollinator. Resistant to diseases and pests. Under the conditions of Krasnodar, according to N.A.Tkhagushev, it will give low yields due to frost damage to the catkins. Does not give root offspring. Included in the industrial range of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Crimea.

Lombard red An excellent commercial variety, very similar to Lombard White and differs from it in the shell of the kernel, which in this variety has a wine-red color with a purple tint and a pale terracotta stripe. Stamens with red-brown anthers.Small walnut. Kernel 53%, fat content 70.1%. Harvest - 5-8 kg of nuts per bush. The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve (small nuts) is 32.2 - 38.0%. The yield of the core from the residue on the sieve is 35.6%, which corresponds to the specification. The overall kernel yield is 51.6%, the highest yield of all ten samples, due to the very thin shell. The elongated shape of the nut does not correspond to the specification, as it makes it difficult to process it on equipment (the nut splits in half with the kernel). After dehulling, the yield of the kernel from the batch of such a nut will be very low (a lot of scrap), which will not allow the production of roasted hazelnut kernels from the kernels of such a nut. The shape of the kernels of this variety does not contribute to this either. The quality of kernels is average: of the rejection indicators, there are rotten kernels - 0.2%, kernels with surface damage - 0.2% and dried kernels - 1.6%, but their number does not exceed the permissible values ​​according to the specification for kernels. Taken together, these rejection rates will affect the reduction in the yield of the core during processing.

Louise

Louise Western European cultivar. The bush is quite vigorous. Fruits in bunches of 2 - 3, sometimes solitary. The envelope is short, up to or equal to half the length of the nut. Nuts are large, 25x19x23 mm. Weight of 1000 nuts 3.5 kg. There are no small nuts. The shape of the nut allows you to process (crush) it on equipment without significant losses. The core output is 45.31 - 45.6%, which is in line with the specification. Contains 61.63% oil and 8.68% protein. The quality of the kernels is average. Of the rejection indicators, there are dried kernels in the amount of 0.3%, kernels with surface damage - 0.3%, which corresponds to the specification and is subject to acceptance. The best pollinator of Nottinghsmskiy (39.6%), self-pollination - 14% of ovaries. Harvest 7 kg of nuts per bush.

Lviv A seedling from free pollination of a local Azerbaijani variety. Received from the Lviv Agricultural Institute. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Bush 4.5 m high with a slightly spreading crown of medium density. The fruits are large, ovoid. The kernel output is 47.8%. Fat content 65.9%, protein 15.4%. A promising variety. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Masha (hazelnut variety) A spontaneous hybrid obtained by R.F. Kudasheva from free pollination of hazel of the Tambovsky Ranniy variety with red-leaved hybrid hazelnuts in the Ivanteevsky nursery of VNIILM. Red-leaved variety Masha has elongated nuts, medium size, very thin shell, excellent taste. The variety is hardy and fruitful.

Almond-shaped Nuts are of medium size, weighing about 1.6 g. The shell is thin, light brown, shiny. The kernel is medium in size, tightly attached to the shell. The kernel yield is 45% of the total weight of the nut, oiliness is about 63%. The taste is very good, reminiscent of almonds. The nuts ripen in mid-August. They are used for fresh and dry consumption, as well as in confectionery production. Bushes of moderate vigor with regular and abundant yields.

Moscow early

Moscow early (form I-4) Originator: "FGUP Ivanteevsky Forest Selekion Experimental and Demonstration Nursery". Selected form of common hazel. Received from the NPO for walnut growing "Funduk" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Early ripening. Highly winter-resistant. The average yield is up to 6 c / ha., 0.6 kg from the 1st quarter. m. from a bush up to 3 kg. Universal purpose. A bush of medium vigor (up to 3.0 m) with a compact, slightly rounded crown. Leaves are red. Fruits of medium size (1.8 - 1.9 g) with a shell of medium thickness, round-oblong, medium one-dimensionality, good taste. Kernel yield 50%, fat content 64%. Tasting score 4.5 points. Green-leaved forms are used as pollinators (Tambov early, Tambov late, Pervenets). State test since 1994.Included in the state register in 1995 for the Central, Central - Chernozem, North - Western, Middle Volga regions. Recommended for testing in Central (Bryansk region, Kaluga region, Moscow region, Ryazan region, Tula region, Vladimir region, Smolensk region), Central - Chernozem (Voronezh region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Oryol region, Tambov region), North - western (Leningrad region, Tver region, Pskov region, Novgorod region), Middle Volga (Penza region) regions. Pluses: Highly winter-resistant.

Moscow ruby

Moscow Ruby (VLM - 2) Obtained by crossing the Nottingheim variety and a mixture of pollen varieties. Received from the NPO for walnut growing "Funduk" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Medium ripening. Winter hardiness is high. It is the main pollinator for hazelnut varieties, pollen fertility is 92%. Vigorous shrub up to 4.5 m high. Fruits are very large (3.5 g), wide-elongated, with a blunt top. Kernel yield 48%, fat content 63%. The kernel is delicate, with a dessert taste. Tasting score 4.3 points. State test since 1982. Included in the state register in 1994 for the Central, Central - Black Earth, North - West and North - Caucasian regions. Pluses: High winter hardiness. It is the main pollinator for hazelnut varieties.

Moscow ruby

Moscow Rubin Originator: R.F. Kudashev FSUE ‘Ivanteevsky forest selection experimental and demonstrative nursery’, obtained in 1957 (at the Zakatala nut farm in Azerbaijan) from pollination of female flowers of the large-fruited Azerbaijani variety Nottingheim with a mixture of pollen of four different red-leaved hazelnuts bred by A.S. Yablokova (Nottingheim x mixture of pollen of hybrid hazelnuts No. 154,155,162,167), selected from hybrid seedlings obtained by intraspecific hybridization. Already at the beginning of summer, the color of its leaves, plush, and the nut itself is bright crimson, and by the end of summer they become dark crimson. The bush is vigorous, up to 4.5 m high, winter-hardy, fruitful, in seedlings 7-8, and sometimes up to 15 large nuts, widely elongated, with a blunt top. Plusus equal to or slightly longer than nut, bivalve. In terms of average fruit length (28 mm), width, thickness, weight (3.5 - 3.8 g), it surpasses the variety Akademik Yablokov. The nuts are very large - 28 mm long, the shell is thin, smooth. The harvest is plentiful and annual. Nuts with dimensions of 28x18x16 mm (8x24x21 mm), the volume reaches 5 mm 3 with a thin and smooth shell. The kernel is in a smooth silky light shell, excellent taste. The shell of the nut is thin, the bottom is smooth, smooth and convex. The top of the nut is blunt, the top of the nut is slightly wider than at the base. Kernel yield 48-52%, fat content 63-64%. The kernel is delicate, with a dessert taste. Tasting score 4.3 points. The bush forms a lot of earrings - they are very dusty. Fruiting is annual, abundant. Fruits are wide - elongated with a blunt tip, large - up to 3.5 g. Vigorous bush, up to 4.5 m high. It is the main pollinator for hazelnut varieties, pollen fertility is 92%. The yield of the bush is 3 kg. Winter hardiness is high. In the Moscow region, the harvest ripens in early October. In the south, it is characterized by a later ripening period. A good pollinator for him is Tambovskiy early, Pervenets, Tambovskiy late. Recommended for Central, Central - chernozem, Northwestern and North Caucasian.

Find Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. The bush is 2.5 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. The fruits are large (2.6 g), cylindrical or ovoid, without ribs. The kernel output is 50.5%. The fat content is 64.2%, the protein content is 14.9%. Tasting score 4.7 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1983.Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Nemsa Local Georgian variety, distributed mainly in Guria (in Ozurgeti), in Samegrelo and in Lagodekhi (Georgia). The average yield is 18.2 c / ha. Recommended as a pollinator for varieties Khachapura and Cherkesskiy 2. A tall shrub with a spreading pyramidal crown. Ripens in mid-August. Fruits are medium (2.2 g), elongated, with a pointed tip, wide, yellowish base. The husk of the nut is whole, well removed when ripe. Shells are of medium thickness, 0.6-0.8 mm. The kernel yield is 50-52%, the fat content is 66-68-70%, and the protein content is 16.7%. The core of good taste. Accepted for state variety testing in 1954. Included in the state register in 1983 for the North Caucasus region (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea).

Nottingham Western European cultivar. The bush is very vigorous. Fruits 2-9 together. Envelopes are fleshy at the base, glandular-pubescent, 1.5-2 times longer than nuts. Nuts are large, 24x16x12 mm, oval-oblong, flattened and slightly tapering towards the base. Weight 1000 nuts 1940 The shell is thin. Kernel 52%, tasty, fat content 72.33%, protein 10.17%. It begins to bear fruit in the 2nd or 3rd year after planting. The best pollinators: Eugenia 35% ,. Cosford 30%, free cross-pollination 32% of the ovary. With self-pollination, only 0.3% of the ovary is formed.

Olympic Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi population. Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Shrub 3.6 m high with a crown of medium density. The fruits are large (2.5 g), cylindrical, without ribs. The kernel output is 47.2%. The fat content is 68.5%, the protein content is 20.3%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1983. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. Pluses: Large fruits.

Palace Sprawling bush. The leaves are large, almost round or oblong, with a heart-shaped base and a large pointed tip. Along the edge in the upper part there are large lobe-like teeth. The underside is tomentose. Fruits of 2 - 4. Whole, tubular wrapper, about 2 times the length of the nut. The nut is spherical, slightly flattened from above, 1.5 - 1.7 cm long, 1.7 - 2.0 cm wide and 1.5 - 1.7 cm thick. The base is even or slightly lumpy. The shell is very thin, light brown, pubescent in the upper part. The kernel completely fills the shell, has a pleasant taste and contains 68.69% oil. The variety deserves a production test in the cultivars of the Crimea and the Caucasus.

Yablokov's memory (hybrid 328) (hazelnut variety) - hazelnuts, isolated in 1961 by RF Kudasheva from the hybrid fund of A.S. Yablokov, vigorous, large-leaved, frost-resistant, fruitful. The mother plant was a small-fruited, red-leaved hybrid hazelnut No. 86 (red-leaved hazel x Barcelona hazelnut). The father plant was the world's largest Turkish hazelnut variety - Trebizond (20x26x24). At a young age, this hybrid almost does not form male earrings, although nuts are tied early and abundantly on it. More mature bushes develop catkins, but they almost always freeze slightly, especially in winters with erratic temperatures. The number of germinating pollen grains reaches 92%. Female inflorescences have dark-burgundy, almost black stigmas, therefore, during spring flowering, it always seems that they are frozen, but by mid-June this impression is dispelled by the appearance of an abundant number of tied nuts. Compound fruits are densely crimson in color, with 7 - 12 nuts of the same color or even brighter than the plush. The nut wrapper is heavily pubescent with glandular hairs of a dark crimson color, monocotyledonous, with a slit towards the inner side, about 1.5 times longer than the nut, very fleshy. Nuts are large (26x16x14 mm), elongated in the form of an acorn. They are very different from the parent plant nuts.The nut shell is very thin - 0.8 mm, brown with darker longitudinal stripes ("zebra"), shiny, fragile, light, smooth inside. The apex is evenly narrowed, slightly pubescent. The bottom is convex, smooth, even, large. The kernel of excellent taste in a light, thin, silky film makes up 56% of the nut weight and contains more than 65% fat. In the conditions of the Moscow region, nuts ripen late (late September - early October). Excessively thin shells contribute to severe weevil damage to the nuts.

Panachesky Seedling from free pollination of the local form. Received from the Kuban State Agrarian University.

Firstborn (hybrid No. 1241) (hazelnut variety) Originator: received in 1957 by R.F. Kudasheva in F GUP ‘Ivantievsky forest selection experimental demonstration nursery’. An interspecific hybrid: a diverse-leaved Far Eastern hazel (C. heterophylla) and a large-fruited hazelnut mistakenly named Nottingheim (from the Zagatala nut farm of Azerbaijan), although its nuts in shape and size are closer to those of Sinclair and Gustav hazelnuts. Received at the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Medium ripening. The yield is 8 - 10 kg / ha. (4 - 5 kg per bush). Earrings are reddish, like those of the mother plant, but they are much larger and abundantly dusty, collected in several pieces in the form of a brush. It is a good pollinator for red-leaved forms of hazelnuts, since it has a high viability (70 - 80%) of pollen and has an extended flowering period. The bark of the stems is gray. A bush of medium growth (up to 3.5 m) with a spreading crown. Gives a lot of growth at the very base of the stem. Leaves are red. The bunch consists of 2-5 large nuts, 27 mm long. The wrapper is carved, curly, the edges are bent outward, like a variegated hazelnut. It is 1.5 times longer than the nut, dicotyledonous, light green in color. The fruits are large, 27x21x18 mm (2.5 g), the volume of the nut reaches 4.5 cm 3, (in the hazelnut - 0.9 cm 3, in the father's nut - 3.5 cm 3). The shape of the nut is rounded - conical, elongated, similar to the shape of the father's nut, but larger. The shell is thin, even thinner than that of the southern hazelnuts. The surface of the shell is smooth, evenly colored in golden yellow color. The bottom is convex. The core is in a light, thin, silky film. Kernel yield 50%, fat content 65%. The flowering time of male and female inflorescences is the same. Female flowers have stigmas of bright crimson color. Male earrings are abundantly dusty, and the dusting period is longer than that of other hybrids. This is because they ripen at different times. Female flowers bloom at different times. This is very important to preserve them from short-term spring frosts, which, obviously, is the reason for the annual abundant harvest of nuts. The variety is recommended for breeding throughout the hazel range. It can be a good pollinator for many hazelnut varieties. Universal purpose. Tasting score 4.5 points. State test since 1975. Included in the state register in 1995 for the Central, North-West and North-Caucasian regions. Pluses: Highly winter-resistant. It is a good pollinator for red-leaved hazelnuts. The buds are not damaged at all by the hazel bud mite.

Restructuring Obtained by crossing the varieties Kudryavchik and Trebizond. Received at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Early maturing, green-leaved. Universal purpose. Sprawling - drooping bush 2.5 m high with a rounded crown of medium density. The fruits are large (2.2 - 2.5 g), round, slightly ribbed, yield 4 kg per 1 sq. m. The output of the core is 50%. Fat content 73%. Tasting score 5 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1989. Included in the state register in 1999 for the North Caucasus region. Pluses: The highest tasting mark. Large fruits. Disadvantage: average frost resistance.

Pioneer 66 Ukrainian varieties of F.A. Pavlenko. Vigorous, spreading, densely leafy bush. At the age of 15, it reaches a height of 3.7 m and a diameter of 4.4 m. The buds are large, spaced, green. Leaves are dark green, often wrinkled, large, rounded or oblong, with a heart-shaped base, serrated along the edge, 7-12x5-10mm. Stipules are oblong - ovate. Petioles 1.5 - 2 cm long, glandular - pubescent. Fruits of 2 - 6. Envelope whole, less often dissected on one or two sides, almost one and a half times longer than the nut, open or slightly tapering above the nut, divided into shallow serrated lobes along the edge, glandular - pubescent. Nuts are round, slightly tapering towards the base, with well-defined longitudinal grooves. The base is large, convex, round or slightly quadrangular. The shell is light brown, shiny, soft pubescent at the top, medium thickness, loose. The nut is 2 cm long, 1.9 cm wide and 1.5 cm thick. The kernel is 50.8%, hard, covered with a light brown shell, sweetish in taste, fat content 62.83%. The variety reproduces well vegetatively. Nuts ripen at the end of August. Harvest 4.5 kg of nuts per bush.

Pie

Pie Variety of selection of the UkrNII of forestry and agroforestry them. G.M. Vysotsky. The author is F.A.Pavlenko. Seedling from free pollination of the form of the Sochi hazelnut population. Medium ripening (in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine, nuts ripen in the 2nd decade of August). Advantages of the variety: winter hardiness, high taste and technological qualities of nuts, unpretentiousness to soil and cultivation techniques. A vigorous, spreading shrub up to 4 m high with a rounded, sparse crown. Growth capacity is average. Suitable for standard culture. The yield in the 10th year after planting reaches 25 kg / ha. In fruit stems - from 3 to 5 nuts. The wrapper is short, almost does not protrude beyond the walnut, fits it loosely. Nuts are round, rather large, weighing 2.6 g, flattened from the sides. The shell is shiny, medium pubescent, bright brown with lighter stripes. Shell thickness is average (2.5 mm). Kernel content - 47% by weight of the nut. The kernel is round, slightly flattened, covered with a delicate skin, creamy, of excellent taste. The content of oil in the core is 66%, proteins - 15%. Universal purpose. Easily propagated by root shoots, vertical cuttings and green cuttings. Recommended pollinators: forest hazel, varieties Masterpiece, Stepnoy, Rocket. The variety has been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine since 1996. Accepted for state variety testing in 1981 (Russia). Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region. It is promising for industrial and amateur cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine.

Ukrainian varieties of selection F. A. Pavlenko. The bush is slightly compressed, at the age of 14 it has a height of 3.6 m and a diameter of 4.5 m. The buds are ovoid, green, ciliated, sometimes with a narrow brown rim on the scales. The leaves are wrinkled, inversely ovoid, oblong, with a cordate base and an elongated cusp, up to 2 cm in length. The edges of the leaf blade are double-serrate-toothed. Leaf petioles 1 - 1.5 cm long, heavily pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Fruits 2 - 8. Envelope 1.5 times longer than fruit, whole, rarely dissected on one or two sides, tightly covering the fruit, almost covering it from above. The pubescence of the envelope is strong, simple and glandular. The nuts are 1.7 cm long, 1.4 cm wide and 1.2 cm thick. They are oblong with an almost flat or slightly tuberous base and rather dense soft pubescence. The shell is fragile, of medium thickness, brown in color. The kernel fills the shell well, contains 62.1% oil. Nuts ripen in early September. Harvest 10 kg per bush. The variety is drought-resistant and frost-resistant. Recommended for industrial crops in the zone of ordinary chernozems of Ukraine.

Variety of selection of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Agromelioration named after V.I. G. Vysotsky.The bush is of medium vigor, 3.3 m high, 4.3 m in diameter. It blooms in February - early April. The first to bloom are female flowers. The fruits ripen in mid-August. Fruits are collected in infructescences of 2 - 5 pcs., There are also single ones. Large, 2.4 g, elongated - conical, slightly compressed on both sides. The shell is light brown, shiny. Kernel yield - 43.7%, fat content - 75%. Average yield - 13.9 c / ha, maximum - 23.1 c / ha.

Ukrainian varieties of selection F. A. Pavlenko. The bush is spreading, at the age of 14 it reaches 3.2 m in height and 4 m in diameter. Annual shoots are densely covered with simple and glandular hairs. Buds are ovoid, 0.3 - 0.5 cm in length, green, ciliated, slightly pubescent; the lateral buds are spaced apart. The leaves are round, oval or obovate, with a heart-shaped base and a pointed apex, 8-10x5-7 mm. Leaf petioles 1 - 1.5 cm long, pubescent with simple glandular hairs. Fruits 2 - 4, less often - one at a time. The envelope is divided on two sides, 2 - 2.5 times the size of the nut, along the edge it is divided into rather large non-toothed lobes with strong simple pubescence and sparse glandular hairs. Nuts are small, 1.5 cm long, 1.6 cm wide and 1.4 cm thick, round, with an even or slightly tuberous base and teeth. The shell is 1 mm thick, fragile, light brown, half pubescent. Kernel 53.3%, very tasty, fat content 66.25%. Nuts ripen in the second half of August and peel off easily. The variety is a good pollinator, resistant in the steppe part of Ukraine. Recommended in the industrial assortment of hazelnuts for Ukraine.

Originator: Botanical Garden - institute of the Ufa Scientific Center, universal, medium-early ripening period. The bush is weak, 2.5 m high. The crown is of medium density, oval. Shoots are medium, straight, pubescent. The leaves are large, rounded, slightly wrinkled. The color is red, later green. Fruits are medium, weighing 1.5 - 1.6 g, slightly ribbed. The kernel output is 52%. Tasting score 4.8 points. The shell is medium, dense. The surface is smooth. Average yield per tree is 3.5 kg. The method of propagation is vegetative (layering, green cuttings). The best pollinators: Tambov early, Pervenets. Features of the variety: good taste, original shape and color of fruits, with mild periodic fruiting, moderately resistant to nut weevil and earring gall midge. Winter hardiness is high. Included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for all zones of cultivation.

Variety of selection of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Agromelioration named after V.I. G. Vysotsky. The height of the bush is 4 m, the diameter is 4.3 m. It blooms in February - early April. The first to bloom are female flowers. Nuts ripen at the end of August. Fruits are collected in seedlings of 2 - 6 pcs., Small, oblong. The base is gray, convex, uneven. The shell is light brown. Average fruit weight - 1.5 g. Kernel content - 44.7%, fat - 66%, average yield is 22.1 c / ha, maximum - 33.2 c / ha. Frost resistance - 37 ° С.

(form 344)

Originator: F State Unitary Enterprise "IVANTEEVSKY FOREST SELECTION EXPERIMENTAL - INDICATIVE KENNEL". Obtained by crossing the variety F-86 (purple-leaved hazel and Barcelona) and Trebizond. Received from the NPO for walnut growing "Funduk" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Early and medium ripening. Highly winter-resistant and highly drought-resistant. Average yield is 6 c / ha, maximum - 9 c / ha. (up to 3 kg per bush). It is a good pollinator for green-leaved forms. Universal purpose. A bush of medium growth (up to 3.5 m with a spreading, very decorative crown, branches depart from the trunk at an acute angle. The leaves are large, obovate with a dark purple color. Fruits are small (1.3 - 1.5 g), oblong, obovate Shells of medium thickness, smooth, shiny, with thin stripes Kernel yield 45%, fat content 62% Tasting score 4.6 points State test since 1995.Included in the state register in 1997 for the Central, North - Western and Middle Volga regions.

Pushkin Red

Pushkin Red (Hazel variety) From a hybrid stock of red-leaved hazelnuts. Good for cultivation in personal plots and such a variety as isolated from Yablokov's hybrid fund. Its nuts are even larger. They are collected in the stem of 10 pieces. The variety is very hardy, high-yielding and very decorative. Ivanteevsky red and Pushkin red are similar to each other, like siblings. Both have burgundy foliage, but Pushkinsky has a little darker. And nuts in both varieties grow equally large: 27x23x17 mm. For private households, these hazelnuts are especially good, because they are very winter-hardy.

Missile

Differs in the compactness of the crown (bush height - 3 m, diameter - 3.5), winter hardiness of wood and generative formations, attractive fruits of excellent taste. The variety is of medium ripening (removable ripeness of nuts occurs in the third decade of August). Growth capacity is average, suitable for standard culture. Average yield - 5 kg of dry nuts from a 10-year-old plant. Nuts are collected in bunches of 3 - 7 pcs. The wrapper is twice as long as the nut, with a scalloped edge, tightly wrapped around the fruit. Nuts are cylindrical, acorn-shaped with a convex base and a pointed apex, of medium size (average weight - 2.2 g). The shell is shiny, slightly pubescent, of a beautiful light brown color, thin (0.8 mm). The kernel is elongated, easily cleaned from the film when ignited, creamy, excellent taste. The kernel output is 49 - 50%. The content of oil in the core is 64%, proteins - 16%. Propagated by root shoots, vertical and horizontal layers. Recommended pollinators are forest hazel, Masterpiece, Borovskoy, Dolinsky. The variety has been included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine since 1990, and is promising for household and farm walnut growing in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine.

Early Trebizond Nuts are large, oval in shape, with a pointed nose. The shell is thin. The seed is medium in size, tightly attached to the shell, with an easily peeled skin. Kernel yield is 54% of the nut weight, oiliness is about 64%. Nuts ripen in the second half of July. They are used for fresh and dry consumption and are also processed. Bushes of medium vigor, early fruiting and are distinguished by regular and abundant productivity. The flowering period is early. The variety is self-fertile.

Roman

The nuts are large, weighing about 2.7 g. The shell is thin, light chestnut, with several grooves. The kernel is large and fits snugly against the shell. Kernel yield is about 46% of the total weight of the nut, oiliness is about 67%. The nuts peel off easily from the wrapper. Ripen in the second half of August. They are used for fresh and dry consumption, as well as in the confectionery industry. The bushes are vigorous, come into early fruiting, bear fruit regularly. An early flowering variety, self-fertile. Relatively resistant to disease. Obtained in Italy. Medium ripening. Resistant to pests and diseases. Weakly affected by powdery mildew. Average frost resistance. Average yield 30 - 35 kg / ha. Universal purpose. The shell thickness is 0.9 - 1.0 mm, the fat content is 68%, the protein content is 14.6%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1968. Included in the state register in 1973 for the North Caucasus region. Recommended for the North Caucasian region (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea). Pluses: Resistant to pests and diseases. Weakly affected by powdery mildew. The fruits are large, with a beautiful appearance. Disadvantages: Average frost resistance.

Rode Zellernut (Common hazel) - This is an unusual modification of hazel. The main feature of this plant is the red color of the foliage. The leaves are rounded, ornamental inflorescences (catkins) appear before the leaves open. The fruits are red, oblong, ripen in September - October.Plant height 6 m, crown diameter 4 m. Medium-sized, erect shrub. Grows moderately fast. Abundant fruiting.

Piano Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous. Nuts in bunches of 2 - 4 together. The envelope is fleshy, whole, tubular, tightly covering the nut to the top. Nuts are of medium size (2.1 cm high, 1.4 cm wide and 1.2 cm thick), obovate, flattened. Weight 1000 nuts 1600 g. Kernel 54.8%, clean, well fills the shell, fat content 69.75%. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year after planting. Nuts ripen in early September. Harvest 10 kg per bush. The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve is 66.0 - 70.0%. In this regard, the yield of the core from the rest on the sieve is very small - 19.2%, although the overall yield of the core is 50%. The shape of the nut is elongated, which will make it difficult to process it on equipment (the nut will split in half in the place with the kernel). After the shelling, the yield of the kernel from the batch of such a nut will be very low (a lot of scrap), which will not allow the most valuable type of finished product to be produced from the kernels of such a nut - roasted hazelnut kernels. The shape of the kernels of this variety does not contribute to this either. At the same time, the quality of kernels is good, the number of rejection indicators does not exceed the permissible values ​​according to the specification for kernels. In contrast to the previous sample, the sample of this variety contains dried kernels and kernels with surface damage, which, during processing, will affect some reduction in the yield of kernels. Damage to the surface of nut kernels affects the appearance of the finished product and may require additional costs for their bulkhead after roasting on a conveyor from this type of rejection.

Ruslanchik The nut is medium - small. The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve (small nuts) is 28.0 - 30.0%. The yield of the core from the rest on the sieve is 35.3%, which corresponds to the specification. The total kernel yield is 39.0%. The elongated shape of the walnut does not correspond to the specification, since it makes it difficult to process it on the equipment of the enterprise (the walnut, together with the kernel, is split in half). After dehulling, the yield of the kernel from a batch of such nuts will be very low (a lot of scrap). At the same time, the quality of kernels is good, from the rejection indicators there are only kernels with surface damage, but their number (0.2%) does not exceed the permissible values ​​according to the specification for kernels (3.0%).

Red Majestic (Common hazel) - medium-sized, wide shrub, shoots and branches twisted in a corkscrew, with age, the crown is broadly spreading. 2 to 2.5 meters high and the same width. The leaves are wide-rounded, twisted, purple-red when blooming, later take on a green color. The men's earrings are also purple-red. Blooms until leaves appear. The fruits are reddish brown, not very numerous and smaller in size than those of common hazel.

Sugary

Sugary From the hybrid fund of red-leaved hazelnuts, a hybrid red-leaved hazelnut with the varietal name Sugaristy has been allocated to the elite class for its high yield, winter hardiness and excellent quality of round, medium-sized, thin-shelled nuts. In terms of kernel yield, it is only slightly inferior to the Akademik Yablokov variety, but in terms of oil (71%) and sugar (16.9%) content it surpasses it. This hazelnut has a very intense dark cherry color and leaves, and bush, and nuts (before removal from the bush). The harvest ripens in mid-September. Productivity and frost resistance are high. Obtained by crossing varieties F-86 (purple-leaved hazel and Barcelona) and Trebizond at the NPO for walnut growing "Hazelnut" At the Serossiysk Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. Medium ripening. Ripens in late August - early September. Winter hardiness is high. The average yield is 6 c / ha. (2 - 3 kg per bush). Universal purpose. A bush of medium vigor (3 - 3.5 - 4 m) with a spreading, dense crown. Fruits are medium (1.6 - 1.8 g), medium one-dimensional, round.The main paint is golden brown, with slightly pronounced stripes, the kernel yield is 48%. Green-leaved forms are used as pollinators. Tasting score 4.5 points. Pluses: High winter hardiness.

Svitoch A seedling from free pollination of a local Azerbaijani variety. Received from the Lviv Agricultural Institute. Medium ripening. Universal purpose. Bush 4.5 m high with a spreading crown of medium density. Fruits are medium (1.9 g), round, without ribs. The kernel output is 52.6%. The fat content is 65.6%, the protein content is 16.5%. The tasting assessment of the taste of the kernel is 4 points. A promising variety. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Severny 14 (Hazel variety) - hazelnuts of A.S. Yablokova (Ivanteevsky nursery), a hybrid from the same family. The bush is vigorous. The nuts are large - 22x22x18 mm, the plusa is equal to the nut, heavily carved. Shells are of medium thickness. The kernel yield is about 50%, the fat content is 65 - 66%. Collect 3-4 kg of pure nuts from the bush. Dessert variety. It can grow in Central Russia and in the south.

Severny 31 (Hazel variety) - hybrid hazelnut selection by A.S. Yablokova. Obtained in 1935 from a distant crossing - Barcelona hazelnut and Moscow hazelnut. This variety has smaller, rounded nuts. Walnut shells are of medium thickness, light brown in color, shiny. The kernel is in a thin film, its yield is more than 45%, the fat content in it is 70.5%. The variety is drought-resistant, vigorous shrub, reaches 5 m in height, the diameter of the main stem is 6 cm. The leaves are dark green, large. Earrings sometimes freeze under the conditions of the Moscow region, so a pollinator is required for this variety. The stigmas are colored bright crimson. The pollen has a viability of 95%. In the process of variety testing in the conditions of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus at the age of 8 years, a crop of 3-4 kg of dry walnut from a bush was obtained. This variety can be bred in the Moscow region and in more southern areas.

North 40

Severny 40 (Hazel variety) - hazelnuts of A.S. Yablokova (Ivanteevsky nursery). The bush is vigorous, winter-hardy. Fruiting annually, yield 3-4 kg per bush. The plus is equal to the nut, carved. Medium sized nuts - 18x18x16 mm, round. Shell 1 mm thick. Kernel yield 45 - 48%, fat content 65 - 67%. The variety can be cultivated in the middle lane.

Severny 42 (Hazel variety) - hazelnuts bred by Academician A.S. Yablokov. Obtained from crossing a juvenile variety (Barcelona hazelnuts) with hazelnut near Moscow, produced in 1935 in Sochi. Hybrid offspring were grown near Moscow. A winter-hardy plant, withstands the harsh winters of Central Russia and has nuts such as southern hazelnuts. In appearance, the nuts of this variety do not resemble those of the parent plant. They are large, but have an oblong shape, their size is 22x16x14 mm. Hazelnut North 42 inherited the paternal winter hardiness and good quality of the cultivated hazelnuts of the Barcelona parent hazelnuts. Nuts of this variety are dark brown, large, slightly flat. Their bottom is rounded, convex, smooth, even. The top of the nut is pointed. The weight of one nut reaches 2.5 g in the Moscow region and 3.8 g in the Caucasus. Kernel yield 47%, fat content 69%. Walnut shells are of medium thickness. The bush is vigorous, reaches a height of 4 - 5 m, the diameter of the main stem is up to 7 cm. The variety is a good pollinator. The ability to fertilize its pollen by the number of germinated pollen grains reaches 95%. The size of the pollen grains is 30 µm, the length of the pollen tubes when germinated in a 20% sucrose solution is 130 µm. The flowering time of male earrings and female inflorescences does not coincide. In the conditions of the Moscow region, male catkins sometimes freeze slightly; in industrial plantings, this variety needs pollinators. Female flowers - stigmas are painted in a dense - crimson color. The nut wrapper is single - and dicotyledonous, deeply cut, slightly exceeding the size of the nut. The variety can be bred in Central Russia.

North 9

Severny 9 (Hazel variety) - hazelnuts of A.S. Yablokova (Ivanteevsky nursery), obtained from the same parents as Severny 31 and at the same time. The bushes of this variety are vigorous, bear fruit every year. Under the conditions of the Moscow region, up to 3-4 kg of clean, dry nuts per bush are produced. Plusus is equal to or slightly longer than the nut. Nuts are large, oblong, slightly flattened. Shells of medium thickness - 1.5 mm. Kernel yield 48%, fat content 65 - 67%. The variety is winter-hardy. It can grow throughout the hazel range.

Silver Zoned since 1991 in the Steppe and Forest-steppe. Medium ripening. The wrapper is whole, twice as long as the nut, densely glandular - pubescent, sticky. Nuts are oblong - conical, with a large, slightly convex base, slightly ribbed, 2 cm long, weighing 2.5 g. The kernel yield is 47%.

Sickler Western European cultivar. The bush is vigorous. Nuts are large, ovoid, with a pointed top and a flat or slightly convex base. Weight of 1000 nuts 3.06 kg. Kernel 46.5%, fat content 64.88%.

Smolin (Hazel variety) The variety was obtained by R.F.Kudasheva from crossing a green-leaved hazelnut with a red-leaved hazelnut of Yablokov's selection (Ivanteevsky nursery). From the parent plant, he inherited the red color of leaves and nuts. The bush is quite vigorous, winter-hardy, fruitful, almost 5 meters tall. Nuts are medium in size, oblong in shape, very thin shell, delicate in taste. Collected in infructescences of 10 - 12 pieces.

Soviet 86 sprawling bush, multi-stemmed, densely leafy, almost spherical, reaches 2.2 m in height and 3.8 m in diameter at the age of 14. The bark on old stems is dark gray, on younger branches it is yellowish gray and on annual shoots it is greenish yellow. Buds ovoid, green, spaced, apical more obtuse, lateral - pointed. The leaves are dark green, oval or obovate, wrinkled, sometimes with sparse glandular hairs on top, 8-10 cm long and 6-8 cm wide, heart-shaped base, often funnel-shaped. The leaf blade is double-toothed, with a wide cusp. Petioles are short, 1 - 1.5 cm long, medium pubescent with simple and glandular hairs. Fruits are 2 - 4, rarely solitary. The envelope is dissected on two, less often on one side, slightly longer than the nut, at the base it is thick, wrinkled, open or slightly tapering above the nut, along the edge it is divided into wide serrated lobes with simple and glandular hairs. Nuts are oblong, slightly flattened on wide sides, with dense pubescence in the upper part, their length is 2.1 cm, width is 1.7 cm and thickness is 1.4 cm. The shell is light brown, shiny. The base of the nut is light gray, round-quadrangular, slightly convex or tuberous. The kernel is full, strong, with a light brown shell, pleasant taste and contains 60.29% oil. Recommended for industrial breeding in the southern regions of Ukraine.

Sochi 1 Spontaneous somatic mutant (clone) of the Cherkesskiy 2 variety. Obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Late ripening. High-yielding. The average yield is 24 c / ha, the maximum - 27 c / ha. The variety is characterized by easy separability of the cupula from the pericarp, which makes it possible to mechanize the collection and processing of fruits. Universal purpose. Shrub up to 4 m high with a drooping crown of medium density. The leaves are large, elongated, dark green, slightly shiny, wrinkled, slightly pubescent. The fruits are large (2.8 g), round, slightly ribbed. The rind is of medium thickness, firm, smooth. Kernel yield 49%, fat content 68%, protein 19%, unsaturated fatty acids 89%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1995. Included in the state register in 1999 for the North Caucasus region. Advantages: High-yielding. Allows you to mechanize the collection and processing of fruits.

Sochi 2 Spontaneous somatic mutant (clone) of the Cherkesskiy 2 variety. Obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops.Medium ripening. High-yielding. The average yield is 24 c / ha, the maximum - 27 c / ha. The variety is characterized by resistance to pests and diseases. Universal purpose. Shrub up to 4 m high with a spreading crown of medium density. The leaves are large, elongated, green, wrinkled, slightly pubescent. Fruits are large (2.5 g), slightly elongated, slightly ribbed. The rind is of medium thickness, dense, smooth, slightly bumpy, shiny. Kernel yield 49%, fat content 68%, protein 20%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1995. Included in the state register in 1999 for the North Caucasus region. Advantages: High-yielding. The fruits are large.

Stepnoy 83

Stepnoy 83 rather sprawling bush, reaches 3.5 m in height and 4.3 m in diameter at the age of 14. Leaves broadly oval or obovate, dark green, slightly drooping, with curled edges, 8-10 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, with a sharp tip 1.5 cm long. Leaves on young shoots are often funnel-shaped at the base. Stipules are elongated, with a wide base and a pointed apex. Petioles densely pubescent with glandular and simple hairs. The buds are ovoid, pointed. Fruits are 2 - 5, sometimes solitary. The envelope is fleshy at the base, glandular - pubescent, is equal in length to the nut or exceeds it by 1.5 times, whole or dissected on one side, along the edge it is divided into serrated lobes, slightly bell-shaped, due to which the nut is always open from above. Nuts are oblong, slightly tapering towards the base, shiny, with gray pubescence at the top and a large, almost round base. The shell is brown, with clearly visible darker longitudinal stripes, of medium thickness. The walnut is 2 cm long, 1.3 cm wide and 1.2 cm thick, weighing 1.7 g. The kernel yield is 47%. The kernel has a high taste and contains 62.1% oil. Late ripening. Nuts ripen in early September. Harvest 8 kg of pure nuts per bush. The variety is recommended for the creation of industrial hazelnut orchards. Zoned since 1985 in the Steppe zone.

Tambov late (hazelnut No. 575) (Hazelnut variety) - Selected (RF Kudasheva) in 1956 in square 13 of the "Round" dacha of the Steppe forestry enterprise in the Tambov region. The height of the bush is 3.5 m, the diameter of the main stem is 3 cm, the number of stems is more than 200 in one bush. The stem bark is gray. The shape of the bush is spreading, the leaves are dark green, large. Nuts in fruit stems from 3 to 32 pieces. The plush is very small in the form of a cup, from the raw weight of the nuts it is only about 18%. Nuts of medium size 22x17x16 mm, slightly elongated, pointed towards the top. The bottom of the nut is wide, convex, smooth. The shell is thin, shiny, golden in color with dark longitudinal stripes. The nut is slightly pubescent towards the top. The kernel has a dark cherry smooth shell, sweetish, of excellent taste. The kernel yield in full biological ripeness is about 50%, the fat content is about 65%, protein 15.4, sugars - 12.5%. The variety is late, high-yielding. The variety is more productive than the early Tambov. The yield is about 20 kg / ha. This variety is an excellent pollinator. The stigma is pale pink in color. In 1969 this variety was accepted for state variety testing. In industrial plantings, it can be used as the main one throughout the hazel range and beyond, and as a pollinator. Very frost-resistant, withstands frosts up to 42 ° C.

Tambov early

Early Tambov (hazelnut No. 700) (Hazelnut variety) - accepted for state variety testing. Seedling from free pollination of the local form of common hazel, collected in natural thickets of hazel in the forests of the Tambov region at the dacha "Kruglaya" of the Steppe forestry enterprise in 1956 (RF K udasheva). Received from the NGO "Hazelnut" of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization. The height of the bush is 4 m with a narrow pyramidal crown, the diameter of the main stem is 3.5 cm. The leaves are large, light green, the shape of the bush is rather wide.A characteristic feature is too large a plus, which is not characteristic of common hazel, of two slices, almost 2 times longer than the nut and makes up 40% of the raw weight of the nuts. Nuts are oblong, golden yellow, average size 21 × 12 × 11 mm. Dessert destination. The shell is thin - 0.8 mm thick.

Trebizond

Trebizond meets modern international standards. This is how LP Simirenko described it: “… The walnut is very beautiful, very large, round, often tied alone, but more often in bundles of 3 - 5 pieces together. The drag is short. The kernel has a pleasant taste. The bush is very strong and fruitful. In Crimea, there are old bushes, the crown diameter of which is at least 5 - 6.5 m. Trebizond's frost resistance is 32C. Draw a conclusion from the following quote: "And today this variety is the main garden culture on personal plots in the villages of Sokolinoye, Aromatnoye, Orlinoye and others, which are located at an altitude of 500 - 700 m above sea level (northern slope of Ai - Petri), which is translated horizontal zoning (100 m vertically equal to 111 km horizontally) corresponds to the latitude of Lugansk, Kharkov, Vinnitsa. Thus, this variety is suitable for cultivation in the central regions of the country in the flesh up to Kiev, as can be seen on experimental plantings ”.

Ukraine 50 Ukrainian variety of selection F.A.Pavlenko. A vigorous, spreading bush, reaching at the age of 15 years a height of 3.7 m and a diameter of 5.2 m. The bark is dark gray, with a large number of lentils. The buds are oval or ovoid, obtuse, green, sometimes with a brown rim, ciliated. The dense dark green foliage gives this variety a high decorative effect. The leaves are large - 10 - 12 cm long, 8 - 10 cm wide, oval or broadly - obovate - ovoid with a point 1 cm long. The edges of the leaf blade are twofold - wide - toothed. Petioles and annual shoots have a rather strong glandular pubescence. On the wrapper and leaves, glandular pubescence is rare. The characteristic feature of this variety is the funnel-shaped base of the plate. Such fusion of the leaf blade is also observed on highly developed shoots of the varieties Furfulak, Sovetsky 86 and Stepnoy 83. Fruits are 2-4. nut, at the end it is bell-shaped - expanding. Along the edge it is divided into shallow, wide, almost triangular toothed lobes. The walnut is beautiful, round, rather large - 19 x 19 x 16 mm with whitish pubescence at the top and a large vaulted, gray, quadrangular base without teeth. At the top, there is almost always a speck with the remnants of an ovary. The shell is light brown, shiny, with visible darker stripes of medium thickness and quite easily cracking. The kernel is 47.4%, dense, excellent taste, fat content 62.9%. The variety is winter-hardy and drought-resistant, slightly damaged by pests and diseases. Nuts ripen in early September. Harvest 8.0 kg of nuts per bush. Recommended for creating industrial hazelnut gardens.

Harvest 80 a bush with a compressed crown, at the age of 14, the height is 3.8 m and the diameter is 4.2 m. Annual shoots have a strong simple and glandular pubescence. The buds are ovoid, 0.5 - 0.6 cm long, spaced, ciliate, slightly pointed. Leaves 6-8 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, oblong, obovate, with a shallow heart-shaped base and a sharp point 1 cm long. The edges of the leaf blade are serrate toothed. Petioles 1 - 1.5 cm long with abundant pubescence. Fruits of 3 - 8, sometimes up to 22. Envelope whole or dissected on one side, with an interception at the top, 2 - 2.5 times longer than the nut, tubular, tapering from above, with dense pubescence, along the edge is divided into shallow base, wide, in turn, sparsely toothed lobes. Nuts are small, 16x13x11 mm, oval, pointed, with a small convex or lumpy light gray base.The shell is thin, brown or light brown, softly pubescent in the upper part and with darker longitudinal grooves. The kernel is full, pleasant taste, contains 64.89% oil. Nuts ripen in the second half of August. Harvest 5 - 8 kg per bush. Recommended for industrial culture in Ukraine. On one bush there are 4-6 thousand catkins. If we take into account that one earring forms about 4 million dust grains, then the exceptional value of this variety as a pollinator becomes obvious.

Hazelnut 42

Hazelnut 42 Ukrainian varieties of selection F.A.Pavlenko. A medium-sized, spreading, multi-stemmed bush, at the age of 15 it reaches a height of 3.5 m and a diameter of 3.8 m. The buds are large, green, ciliate. Stipules are ovoid, pointed. Leaves are oblong, sometimes asymmetrical at the base, with a large, 2 cm, pointed, serrate-toothed along the edge, often with glandular hairs on top, 7-12 cm long and 4-7 cm wide. Fruits 2 - 4. The envelope is dissected on one or two sides, 1.5 times the length of the nut, with sparse glandular hairs, fleshy at the base, open, along the edge is divided into shallow sharp-toothed lobes. Nuts are spherical, slightly flattened at the top from wide sides, with a large, slightly convex, almost round base. The shell is light - yellow - brown, shiny, soft pubescent at the top. Kernel 49.5%, completely fills the shell, hard, tasty, fat content 63.6%. Nuts ripen at the end of August. The variety is drought-resistant and frost-resistant. Recommended for industrial culture in Ukraine.

Furfulak (Trapezupd, Major) The bush is vigorous, spreading. The leaves are dark green, large - 8-14 cm long, 7-12 cm wide. On the edge twice - toothed, from below tomentose - pubescent. Fruits 2 - 5 each. The envelope is almost 2 times longer than the nut, whole, with an interception, fleshy at the base, pubescent with simple hairs and ends in large teeth - lobes. color base. Weight of 1000 nuts - 2.8 - 3.0 kg. Shell 1 - 1.25 mm, brownish, pubescent in the upper part. Kernel 44%, dry, solid, good taste, fat content 60.4%, 17% nitrogenous substances. Nuts ripen in early September. This variety has significant disadvantages: low kernel yield, large shrinkage during storage, susceptibility to nut weevil. Nuts of this variety are best sold semi-ripe, in a green wrapper. Considering all this, furfulak is not recommended to be introduced into new industrial plantations, but where there is a demand for green walnuts, small plantings of it can be profitable.

Futkurami Local Georgian variety. The originator is not registered. Early ripening. Highly drought resistant, not damaged by pests and diseases. The average yield is 17.6 c / ha. Self-fertile, the best pollinator is the Nemsa variety. Universal purpose. Sprawling, medium-sized bush that forms abundant root growth. Fruits are large (2.8 g), well-executed, round. The kernel yield is 50%, the fat content is 65 - 68%. Tasting score 4.5 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1954. Advantages: Highly drought-resistant, not damaged by pests and diseases. Disadvantages: Self-fertile, forms abundant root growth.

Halle The bush has great vigor. Nuts are very beautiful, cone-shaped, almost the same size, collected in brushes of 2 - 3 pcs. The shell is slightly longer than the nut itself, hiding it well. The shell is bronze, shiny with dark stripes, of medium thickness. The nut tastes good, almost completely fills the shell. The variety has an average yield, high after a year. Blooms in medium terms. Nuts ripen at the end of September and fall out of the shell themselves.

Kharkiv -3 Received at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry named after V.I. G.N. Vysotsky. Medium-sized walnut.The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve (small nuts) is 6.5 - 11.2%. The yield of the core from the rest on the sieve is 48.0%, which corresponds to the specification. The slightly elongated shape of the nut is out of specification (the nut will split in half with the kernel). After the shelling, the yield of the kernel from the batch of such a nut will be very low (a lot of scrap), which will not allow the most valuable type of finished product to be produced from the kernels of such a nut - roasted hazelnut kernels. The shape of the kernels of this variety does not contribute to this either. At the same time, the quality of the kernels is very good: all rejection indicators are absent, the mass fraction of moisture in the kernels is optimal - 3.98%. Accepted for state variety testing in 1977. Recommended for testing in the North Caucasus region.

Local Georgian variety, widespread in the regions of Guria, Adjara, Samegrelo and Lagodekhi, which was obtained by folk selection. The originator is not registered. The average yield is 30.2 c / ha. Universal purpose. A medium-sized bush with a dense spreading crown. Ripens in mid-July. Fruits are large (2.2 - 2.5 g), one-dimensional, broadly oval. It has a beautiful, flat shape and attractive color, wide base, thin and dark brown shell. The cover is a shell of medium thickness, reddish-brown, intact, 2 times the size of the fruit in a mature state, it is easily separated from the fruit (nut). The kernel output is 46.9 - 48%. The kernel is whitish, good taste, fat content 65 - 68%. Under high conditions, one bush yields 5.0 - 5.5 kg. Tasting score 4.2 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1954. Advantages: High-yielding, large fruits.

A variety of Georgian origin. The bush is medium-sized, with a broadly spreading crown, the height reaches 4 m, the diameter is 5 m. It forms a lot of growth, but its rooting rate is not high enough. The variety is distinguished by regular fruiting, resistance to many pests and diseases, and high tasting qualities of the fruit. The disadvantages of the variety are noticeable shrinking of the kernel during storage, insufficient winter hardiness. The average yield at the age of 16 is 17 - 20 kg / ha. Blooms in February - March. The flowering type is homogamous. The variety is self-fertile, at the same time it is itself a good pollinator. Begins to bear fruit at 6-7 years of age. Nuts ripen in August. Fruits are collected 2 - 4 per fruit. Nuts are large (2.7 g), with a thin shell (0.9 m), with a good kernel yield (up to 49.3 - 51.0%). The kernels have an almond flavor and contain up to 69.6% fat. Recommended for extensive production testing in various conditions of the southern hazelnut cultivation area.

A variety of Georgian origin. The bush is medium-sized, with a wide-spreading crown. Possesses high growth ability. Differs in average resistance to pests and diseases, relatively low yield and winter hardiness, cracking of the shell before ripening. Harvest at the age of 17 is 17 - 18 kg / ha. Blooms in February. Flowering type - Protandric. Fruits 6-7 years after planting. Nuts ripen early - in early - mid-August. Fruits are collected 2 - 4 per fruit. Nuts are large (2.9 g), with a thin shell (0.9 mm). The kernel yield is 49.6%, the fat content in the kernel is 68.8%. Recommended for extensive production testing in various conditions of the southern hazelnut cultivation area.

Tskhenis dzu-dzu this variety is widespread throughout Samegrelo, as well as in the Ozurgeti, Chokhataur, Lanchkhut regions of Western Georgia. This variety is favorably influenced by the humid subtropical climate. As for the eastern part of Georgia, this variety is common in Gori, Mtskheta and Lagodekhi. In Western Georgia, this variety ripens in mid-July, and in the eastern part in mid-August. The husk is the same size as the fruit itself, or slightly smaller. Reaching ripeness, the husk easily comes off the nut. The shape of the fruit is long, slightly wide at the base, characterized by a reddish-brownish tint.The fruit has a size of 24x16x10 mm. Weight ranges from 2.2 - 2.5 grams. The core is yellow, it fills the shell, the thickness of which reaches 0.9 mm. Kernel yield 54 - 56%, fat content 63 - 65%.

Circassian 2 Other names are Circassian round, Shapsugsky, Kerasundsky round, Kichmaysky, Adyghe. Local Adyghe grade. The originator is not registered. Early ripening. Average yield is 22.3 c / ha. It is characterized by relative resistance to pests and diseases. Relatively winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Universal purpose. A vigorous shrub with a spreading crown. Large enough. The passage through a 13.2 mm sieve is 1.2 - 2.0%. Fruits weighing 1.6 g, broadly oval, slightly flattened, pointed. The wrapper is whole, longer than the nut, divided into uneven toothed lobes. The shell is thin, brown, with slightly pronounced longitudinal stripes. The kernel yield is 50%, which corresponds to the specification, the fat content is about 70%. The shape of the nut allows you to process (crush) it on equipment without significant losses. The quality of the nut kernel is high: the moisture is optimal for roasting (4.45%), all types of rejects (rot, dried kernels, kernels with surface damage, live pests) are absent, which determines the high yield of the kernel. In terms of their shape and quality, walnut kernels correspond to the specifications for the production of such products as roasted hazelnut kernels. After roasting, the kernels of such nuts will have a uniform color and require less processing costs (bulkhead on the conveyor after roasting from the rejection indicators for the finished product). Tasting score 4.5 points. Accepted for state variety testing in 1950. Included in the state register in 1959 for the North Caucasus region. Recommended for the North - Caucasian region (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, Kabardino - Balkar Republic). Pluses: Relative resistance to pests and diseases.

Circassian round

Circassian round (Circassian 2, Shapsugsky, Kerasundsky round Kichmaysky, Adyghe) A vigorous bush with a spreading crown, reaching 6 m in height and 7 m in diameter. Leaves are obovate with a heart-shaped base and a sharp tip, 6-12 cm long and 5-10 cm wide. Fruits are 2-5, sometimes up to 12. Whole wrapper, 1.5 times or slightly longer than the nut, pubescent, unevenly divided - serrated lobes. Nuts are round, broadly oval, slightly flattened and pointed, with a large vaulted light gray base, 18 -20 x16 - 18x12 - 16mm. The shell is smooth, thin, light brown in color, with inconspicuous dark longitudinal stripes, shiny at the base and densely tomentose pubescent at the top. Kernel 48 - 52% oily, strong, sweetish, fat content 69.7% - Relatively winter-hardy and drought-resistant variety. Nuts ripen in the first half of August. Yield 10 - 12 kg of nuts from a bush, and in especially favorable conditions - up to 18 - 20 kg. This variety is included in the group of industrial varieties for the regions of the Caucasus and Krasnodar Territory.

Bolwiller's miracle Western European cultivar. The shrub is of strong growth and has a high winter hardiness among the Zell hazelnut group. Leaves are oval, 10 - 12 cm long and 7 - 8 cm wide. Fruits one at a time, rarely 2-4. Envelope equal to or slightly longer than nut, divided from two sides to the base, dissected along the edge into serrated lobes by medium glandular hairs. The nut is beautiful, pointed - conical, pubescent at the apex, with a large, almost rectangular flat or slightly convex base, 20-25 x 20-23 x 20-22 mm. The weight of one nut is 3.5 g. The shell is light brown with darker longitudinal stripes, strong and rather thick. Kernel 43%, very tasty, fat content 61.7%. Ripening of nuts at the end of September, in October. The bushes of this variety are available at the Sochi, Sukhum and Maikop experimental stations, in many places in Latvia and Lithuania, as well as in Western Ukraine.

Shveliscura

Shveliscura mainly distributed in Guria, in the regions of Ozurgeti, Lanchkhuti, but in the Chokhataur region, it occupies a dominant role. In Megrelia, it ranks second and is widespread in the Zugdit region, where it is called "Square". The fruit bears fruit three years after planting. Harvest in western Georgia ripens in mid-July, and in Kartli (Eastern Georgia) 15 to 20 days later. The variety of this nut is characterized by a rich harvest, the average yield per bush is 5-10 kg. The husk is longer than the nut and wrinkled, it is easily removed from the fruit, the fruit is round and slightly longish, the base is flat, brown in color, from the base to the top is marked with a 1.0 mm thick strip. The fruit always fills the shell. The average weight of the fruit is 1.5 g. Kernel yield 49 -52%, fat content more than 63%.

Masterpiece

Masterpiece One of the most valuable varieties of Ukrainian selection. Differs in high productivity, excellent taste and technological qualities of nuts. Winter hardiness of female and male fruit buds is above average. A variety of early middle ripening period - removable and consumer ripeness of nuts in the north of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (Kiev) usually occurs at the end of the second - beginning of the third decade of August. The bush is vigorous (up to 4 m), not prone to thickening. Low growth capacity allows the formation of trees in the form of a trunk. Fast-growing variety. The first harvest is formed in the 3rd year after planting in the garden. It quickly increases productivity: at the age of 7 it can yield up to 5 kg, and at the age of 10 - 8-9 kg of dry nuts from 1 tree. Nuts are collected in bunches of 2 - 8 pieces. The wrapper is twice as long as the nut, pubescent, the bunch looks very decorative. Nuts are large (average weight 2.5 - 3 g), 2 cm long, round with a pointed top. The shell is beautiful, dark brown in color, medium pubescent, of medium thickness. The kernel yield is 46 - 48%. The kernel is round, easy to clean from the film when ignited, good taste. The content of oil in the core is 65%, proteins - 17%. Propagated by root shoots, horizontal layering, green cuttings. Recommended pollinators: forest hazel, Cherkesskiy-2, Dolinskiy, Raketny, Borovskiy. The variety has been included in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine since 1985, and is promising for industrial and amateur cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine.

Chocolate

Chocolate variety of selection of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Agromelioration named after G. Vysotsky. The bush is vigorous, slightly spreading, height - 4.5 m, diameter - 4.8 m. It blooms in February - April. The first to bloom are female flowers. Medium ripening. Fruits are collected in multiples of 2 - 4 pcs. The wrapper is slightly longer than the nut, strongly wrinkled, with strongly split ends. Nuts are oblong, short - cylindrical, dark brown, with darker longitudinal narrow stripes, 1.9 cm long, weighing 1.8 - 2.2 g. The kernel yield is 50%. The shell is dark brown with longitudinal stripes. The average yield is 16.2 c / ha, the maximum - 24.9 c / ha. Frost resistance - 37C.? Zoned since 1985 in the forest-steppe.

Jagles - hazelnuts (B3 / 7 - 3 / c). Bushes up to 12 m in height. Nuts are round, strongly pubescent in the upper part, 21x19 mm. The wrapper is 1.5 - 2 times its length. Nut weight 3g. The shell is thin. Kernel 48%, fat content 73%. The nuts ripen in early September. Diseases and pests are almost not damaged. This variety is distinguished by the Zakatala stronghold and is local, has nothing to do with the Turkish variety Kerasund round (or Yagly - hazelnuts), which is cultivated in Adjara, Abkhazia and the Sochi region of the Krasnodar Territory.

Hazelnuts are cultivated varieties of wild hazel or common hazel. It is a large shrub with a powerful branched root system. It grows as a multi-stemmed bush, forming many coppice shoots, which it reproduces. Hazelnut is a wind-pollinated monoecious plant.It blooms very early, sometimes at the end of January, and mass flowering begins in February-early March - before the buds open. The hazelnut fruit is a nut covered with a plyus. It is useful because of the high content of vitamins, fats, proteins, carbohydrates. Not only nuts are useful, but bark, leaves, plus.

↑ to content ↑ The benefits of hazelnuts

Hazelnuts are tasty, healthy, nutritious. They contain 65-73% fats (oils), 18-22% proteins, 2-5% carbohydrates (starch and sugars). There are vitamins A, B, C, D, E, mineral salts. This determines its high calorie content as a food product. In terms of calorie content, hazelnut kernels surpass pork by 1.5 times, soybeans - 1.8 times, wheat bread - 3.5 times, beef - 3.8 times, chicken eggs - 4.5 times, potatoes - 8.5 times, apples - 15 times. For reference: 350-400 g of nuts satisfy the daily nutritional requirement of an adult.

The hazelnut kernel contains all twenty amino acids, from which complete proteins are formed. It retains its taste during storage even under normal room conditions. Nuts are easily absorbed by our body, no matter how they are cooked. This is an unsurpassed high quality product.

Hazelnuts have a lot of vitamin C in the roots and plyus of hazelnuts. Leaves and roots contain tannins.

In folk medicine, hazelnuts (hazelnuts) are used for urolithiasis, a decoction of dried plyusa - for diarrhea, bark - against fever, leaves - as an antiseptic.

Walnut, pounded with water, is used for coughing up blood, flatulence, bronchitis, and fever.

Chopped walnut mixed with honey is recommended for anemia, rheumatism.

A decoction of hazelnut bark, collected in spring, is used for malaria.

Walnut oil is an antihelminthic agent (for ascaris).

The crushed fruit mixed with egg white was used for burns.

Not only hazelnuts are useful. The bark has astringent, anti-dysentery, antipyretic properties. Bark infusions are used for varicose veins, varicose ulcers, and tumors.

Hazelnut leaves (hazel) are used to treat intestinal diseases, anemia, vitamin deficiency, rickets. Broth - with prostate hypertrophy. Ointment for cancer. Powder from dried plyusky or decoction of shells and plyusky - for colitis.

In early spring, beekeepers often harvest hazelnut or hazel pollen to feed young bees. This pollen is very useful for people: these herbal male genital products contain a lot of zinc, which is part of many enzymes that help solve the problem of infertility, making sperm motile.

↑ to content ↑ Healing properties of hazelnuts

And here are some popular recipes.

↑ back to contents ↑ Jaundice

Dry fresh leaves of hazelnuts or hazel. Pour one teaspoon of leaves crushed to a powdery state with a glass of white wine, leave overnight. Divided into three portions, taken daily before meals in three divided doses. After two weeks, the jaundice disappears.

↑ back to contents ↑ Varicose veins

• Collect hazelnut leaves in May. Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over two tablespoons of leaves, leave for 2 hours. Drink half a glass 4 times a day before meals.
• Pour 0.5 liters of boiling water over one tablespoon of chopped hazelnut bark, cook for 10 minutes, drain. Drink half a glass 4 times a day before meals.

↑ back to contents ↑ Adenoma

Dry the hazelnut leaves collected in June in the shade. Pour one tablespoon of chopped leaves with a glass of boiling water. Heat in a water bath for 15 minutes. Drink 1/3 cup a day.

↑ back to content ↑ Biological features

Hazelnut in February It is a relatively winter-hardy plant. We, in the Krasnodar Territory, did not notice freezing of hazelnut wood, although in the lowland areas there was frost damage to male inflorescences. When propagated by seeds, the plant does not retain the properties of the mother plant, and fruiting with this method of propagation occurs late.

Hazelnuts bear fruit well on sufficiently fertile soils provided with moisture. These can be flat areas or slopes. The southern slopes are not very suitable for growing it, since the buds here wake up too early - they can be damaged by recurrent frosts. Waterlogged, swampy areas are unfavorable for him. Hazelnuts grow well on light soils.

The fruit of the hazelnut is a nut covered with a wrapper - a plyuska. Mass harvest takes place at the end of August and beginning of September. An indicator of the physiological maturity of the fruit is the browning (yellowing) of the wrapper - plushi and the loss of individual nuts.

The need for hazelnut fruits is very high. The yield of nuts from one bush with a high agricultural background is 5-12 kg, in rainfed (arid) conditions on arable land - 3-5 kg, on unproductive - 2-3 kg.

In my country house, I collected a bucket of nuts from one bush in a good year.

Hazelnuts begin to bear fruit from 3-5 years with vegetative propagation, from 6-10 years - with seed. The greatest yields are obtained when it reaches the age of 12-35 years.

A hazelnut bush annually forms a large number (up to 100-150) of zero basal shoots. To obtain a high yield, the number of basal branches (trunks) must be maintained at the level of 8-10, but no more than 12 pieces per bush.

The longevity of the bush due to the intensive formation of rhizome growth is practically unlimited. In general, hazelnuts are immortal. Almost the life span of the bush is 150-180 years, without rejuvenation of the trunks - 60-80 years.

Thus, hazelnut bushes can live in one place for a very long time. But the soil is gradually depleted and compacted: diseases and pests accumulate; the regenerative ability of plants decreases (the ability to form new zero shoots). A decrease in yield, drying of skeletal branches begins at the age of 20-25 years, and with irrigation, 5-10 years later. In the first case, the rejuvenation of the bush begins at 20, and in the second - at 30 years old. During rejuvenation, the root branches (trunks) are replaced alternately, as they dry out, growing from the shoots instead.

Scientists have experimented a lot to increase the yield of hazelnuts. The decision did not come immediately. They began to plant seedlings every 1-2 m in a row. Then only those plants were left in which branches were naturally inclined downward. The rest of the plants were cut out. The lateral branches of the left seedlings were not removed, so their crown began at a height of 50 cm from the ground. The yield increased sharply to 40 kg / ha.

Probably, many experienced gardeners who have been involved in gardening for a long time know: if a branch going up is tilted to the ground with a rope or a brick is hung on its end, the yield will increase dramatically.

↑ to content ↑ Hazelnut varieties

It is known that it is the variety that determines the level of plant productivity, the quality of the products obtained. It must be well adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. The following are considered the best varieties of hazelnuts in the south of Russia.

↑ back to content ↑ Variety "Adygeyskiy-1"

Fruits - average weight - 2.1 g, wide, round, collected in 3-4, less often in 5-8 pieces. Recommended for growing on farm, personal plots. The variety is winter-hardy, drought-resistant, fruitful. Hazelnuts of high taste. Medium resistant to pests, insufficiently resistant to bacteriosis. On the Black Sea coast, it produces from 5 to 10 kg of nuts per bush. Begins to bear fruit in the 6-7th year after planting. The fruits ripen in late August - early September.

↑ back to content ↑ Variety "Ata-Baba"

The variety is medium-hardy. The crop gives annually. It bears fruit well. Nuts have an excellent presentation. Begins to bear fruit for 4 years. Average yield 9.5 c / ha. Universal purpose. A vigorous hazelnut bush with a spherical, slightly flattened crown. Fruits weighing 2.5-3.0 g, round, slightly elongated. The shell is of medium thickness, light brown with dark stripes.The wrapper is much longer than the nut. Resistant to major pests and diseases (except bacteriosis). The bush is very vigorous, with a rounded, slightly spreading crown.

↑ back to content ↑ Kavkaz variety

A selection variety of the All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops. Fruits are large, weighing 2.5 g. Feature: good separation of the nut from the cupula. It is a good pollinator. Deserves to be tested in all hazelnut growing areas. The shelf life of fruits under normal room conditions is up to two years.

↑ back to content ↑ Kuban variety

The variety is winter-hardy, with a high yield. Fruits are round, slightly flattened, slightly ribbed. The shell is medium, dense, smooth, slightly bumpy, shiny, with a barely noticeable bloom. Hazelnut fruits are very large, average weight - 3.5 g. Promising for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory. Productivity - 8-9 kg from one bush (Black Sea coast). Suitable for mechanized harvesting.

↑ back to content ↑ Variety "Louise"

Promising for growing in the Kuban. Differs in increased resistance to low temperatures, regularly, bears fruit well (7-10 kg per bush). Gives nuts of high marketable, taste qualities.

↑ back to content ↑ Panaheskiy variety

Medium ripening. Fruits are large or medium-sized (2.2 g), rounded-oblong in shape. The wrapper is longer than the nut, whole, sometimes split on one side. Highly frost-resistant hazelnuts, relatively resistant to pests and diseases. The variety is recommended for cultivation in personal or farm plots.

↑ back to content ↑ Sort "President"

Distinctive features: large-fruited, simultaneous ripening of fruits, the plyus is easily separated from the pericarp, which allows mechanizing the process of collecting nuts. Grows best on the Black Sea coast.

↑ back to content ↑ Roman variety

Fruits are large, weighing 3.2-3.5 g, one-dimensional, flat-round, with a beautiful appearance. It has a high potential for annual, abundant fruiting, is slightly affected by powdery mildew, kidney mites, and is moderately resistant to bacteriosis. The disadvantages of the variety include weak winter hardiness, low resistance to fruit rot. He was twice awarded gold medals at international exhibitions.

↑ back to content ↑ Cherkesskiy variety

It is characterized by relative resistance to pests and diseases. Relatively winter-hardy, drought-resistant. Universal purpose. Hazelnuts weighing 1.6 g, broadly oval, slightly flattened, pointed. The shell is thin, brown, with slightly pronounced longitudinal stripes. The main industrial grade on the Black Sea coast. It has proven itself well among amateur gardeners.

↑ to content ↑ Hazelnut processing

The nuts are harvested when they begin to crumble. They clean them of plush, store them in tight bags

The plyuska is also dried. You can cook jam from a green young plyuska, it has a pleasant sourness, syrups that help in the treatment of scurvy, loosening of the gums, impaired blood circulation, with increased pressure.

Hazelnuts are eaten raw, dried or roasted. From them you can make nut milk... To do this, fresh kernels are cleaned, crushed, soaked overnight in water, ground in a mortar. The resulting mass is diluted with a nine-fold amount of water, insisted for 4 hours, stirring from time to time. Then they boil, filter or drain the liquid part, adding salt and sugar to taste. By the way, nut milk turns sour and gives a delicious yogurt.

To receive nut butter crushed hazelnut kernels, slightly diluted with water, heated. The heated mass is wrapped in a piece of clean cloth, placed under a screw press, under which a vessel is placed to collect oil. It is not inferior in quality to almond, it is used in perfumery, confectionery, in the manufacture of high-quality artistic paints.Walnut oil has a light yellow color, a pleasant smell, and is well absorbed by the human body. The dough with the addition of nut butter rises well, and the finished products do not stale for a long time.

Hazelnut kernels are often used to obtain vegetable cream, milk, and other products. To prepare nut cream, the kernels are peeled from shells, peels, crushed, ground, gradually adding water in small portions. The dough-like mass is diluted with warm water, whipped until a homogeneous mass is formed, reminiscent of cream in taste. Store hazelnut cream in the refrigerator. Hazelnut cream is used in its natural form, a delicious, nutritious cream for pastries, muffins, cakes is prepared from them.

Young leaves of hazelnuts are used as food for making stuffed cabbage rolls, soups and as a surrogate for tea.

The calorie content of a nut is much higher than that of beans, soybeans, raisins, figs, milk, and potatoes. Hazelnuts are widely used in the confectionery industry. Fillings for sweets and other confectionery products are made from nut flour and kernels. The cake remaining after the separation of the oil is processed for halva, chocolate, waffles.

↑ back to contents ↑ Recipes

Finally, a few recipes.

↑ to contents ↑ Nut cream for cake

Beat eggs and sugar until thick in a saucepan placed in a water bath, then cool, add pieces of butter, nut cream, grind thoroughly

Ingredients:

• eggs - 3 pcs.,
• butter - 150 g;
• sugar - 150 g;
• nut cream - 100 g.

↑ back to content ↑ Nut drink

Pour the soaked, chopped nuts with water or milk for 4 hours, then strain. Bring the infusion to a boil, add salt and sugar to taste.

Ingredients:

• hazelnuts - 200 g;
• milk or water - 1 liter;
• sugar, salt - to taste.

↑ back to content ↑ Nut coffee

Fry hazelnuts, grind with a coffee grinder or mortar, add ground black coffee. Brew one teaspoon of the mixture with 200 ml of boiling water, bring to a boil, let stand and infuse. Add sugar to taste.

↑ to contents ↑ Nut tea

Boil one teaspoon of dried hazelnut or hazelnut leaves with 200 ml of boiling water. Insist 15-20 minutes Sugar - to taste.

Hazelnut Trebizond, Pupurea, Adygeisky -1, Ekaterina, Caucasus - these are the main varieties of plants, the fruits of which are considered a rare delicacy. In the wild, it reproduces irregularly and grows in few places. Thanks to the hard work of breeders and the emergence of new cultivated varieties, it has become real to grow a wonderful nut in ordinary garden plots. The shrub is unpretentious in terms of conditions and care, grows well in gullies, ravines, on river coasts and in the mountains. A bright lush bush will decorate any garden, and in the fall it will give a healthy and tasty nut harvest.

Description

Hazelnuts or hazelnuts are domesticated hazelnuts of the Walnut family. The plant is a perennial bush, seven meters high. It has flexible long branches with dense foliage, round or oval, depending on the variety. The tips of the leaves are pointed, and they themselves are serrated along the edges. The spreading dark green crown by autumn becomes indescribably beautiful with red and burgundy leaves. Hazelnuts are often used to decorate landscapes.

Hazelnut blooms not like ordinary plants, but in winter - from December to March. Flowers for him are both male and female. Catkins and buds with reddish stigmas. They withstand frost well and remain viable. In warm weather, the kidneys open, and in cool weather, they close tightly. They can be used to predict the weather. It is a cross-pollinated plant and reproduces without the help of bees and other insects. For good yields, it is recommended to plant different varieties of nuts in the same garden, so self-pollination will be more efficient.

Hazelnuts are not as small as those of wild hazel, they are much larger and have a thin shell. Each nut is surrounded by a napkin.The seed consists of oily cotyledons, which remain in the ground during germination. The harvest ripens by the end of summer, although there are varieties that ripen even earlier.

The Turkish word “hazelnuts” is translated “from the Black Sea”, as its homeland is the coast and the eastern part of the Black Sea. It is widespread in the steppe and forest zones of Eurasia, lives up to 80 years without rejuvenation, rapidly growing from a small seedling into a powerful bush. Fruiting for 3-10 years, depending on the method of planting. A plant that has reached 12-35 years old begins to bear fruit best. Wild hazel gives about 3 kg. Nuts, and varietal up to 10 kg.

The plant, although unpretentious, loves light and slightly shaded places. It develops poorly in dense shade. It takes root well in moist fertilized soils, and on sandy arid areas, the yield decreases.

Varieties

In industrial production, numerous varieties are divided into 3 categories:

• round;

• conical;

• oval.

In round varieties, the fruits are almost the same height and width. They have a flattened shape and are considered the tastiest, most nutritious and of the highest quality. The nuclei of this category contain a lot of proteins and fats; during a split, the percentage of nucleolus breakdown is extremely low. Cone-shaped fruits with a thin shell, but when cracked, the kernels beat much harder than round ones. Therefore, they are sold mostly unpeeled.

Oval ones are divided into two subgroups: with flattened fruits and oval ones. These nuts are almost impossible to sizing and splitting, so they are not popular in the industry. But some varieties have high taste and dessert qualities. They are sold unrefined.

The highest grades include the largest nuts, with a diameter of 15 mm and more. The lowest quality nuts are from 9 to 11 mm. The larger the hazelnuts, the more expensive and better they are.

Variety Trebizond

On the Crimean territory grows the most unique and high-yielding of all varieties of hazelnuts - Hazelnut Trebizond. Suitable for growing in the middle lane. They say that its name comes from the name of the city of Trebizond, whose natives brought this variety to the Crimea. Its uniqueness lies in its size - it is the largest of all the world's varieties. It has a high fat content (72%), a significant percentage of kernel yield and frost resistance -32 C.

The bush is powerful, tall, reaching 5 m. The crown is moderately spreading.

For planting, the standard method and good fertile soil are recommended. Several plants are planted in a circle, adhering to a 6x6 scheme. When the root growth is removed, the plants form into a single stem. The method of obtaining a seedling is of great importance in the reproduction of Trebizond. If it is received incorrectly, fruiting is delayed and occurs only for 5 years, and the nuts grow small and crooked.

The fruits are round in shape and have a dark brown shell with a slight gloss. Weight is about 3 g. In seed fruit they are up to 6 pieces. The yield of Trebizond hazelnuts when properly grown is 30 centners per hectare. Trebizond hazelnuts bloom in late March - early April, and yields in August.

Variety Caucasus

Hazelnut Kavkaz is recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasian regions. It is a versatile, early, green-leaved variety. Reaches 3 m and has a narrow-pyramidal crown of medium thickening. Its trunks are straight, angled. The foliage is dark green, matte, wrinkled, slightly pubescent. Nuts are quite large, 2.5 g, slightly ribbed, flattened. The kernel yield is about 47%, the oil content is 68%, the protein content is 20%.

Has a slightly bumpy, dense shell. Average yield per hectare is 22 centners. The plant is considered an excellent pollinator variety, as its pollen is extremely viable. The hazelnut Caucasus is frost-resistant, its fruits are well separated from the plyus and lend themselves to mechanized harvesting. Planting and caring for Caucasus hazelnuts is possible in all areas of shrub growth.

Variety Masterpiece

Hazelnut Masterpiece is an early middle variety grown from seeds of North Caucasian origin. Fast-growing, high-yielding, winter-hardy. Differs in a significant taste quality of the fruit. Easily propagated by shoots, cuttings, layering. The bush itself is not prone to overgrowing, tall, productive. There are 6-8 nuts each. in seedlings. The fruits are wrapped in wrappers, twice as long as the nut itself. They have a rounded shape and a slightly pointed apex. Weight 3 g.

The shell of the fruit is dark brown, firm. Medium thickness. Stripes are observed at its base. The kernel is well cleaned of the cupula and contains 65% fat. The nuts are ready at the end of August and are edible if stored properly for one year. Recommended for growing in the Ukrainian steppes and forest-steppes.

Moscow ruby

Hazelnut Moscow Ruby, the description of which deserves special attention, was obtained by crossing the varieties Gustav and Akademik Yablokov. Its leaves are dark crimson, like the plush. This is a late but high-yielding variety that bears fruit for 5 years. The mass of fruits with a thin smooth shell is 3.5 g.

It takes root well on fertilized soils and provides high productivity. Loves sandy loam soils, loams, slightly acidic and slightly alkaline chernozems. Does not tolerate drafts and hills, as well as heavy loams and swampy soils. Hazelnut Moscow Ruby is pollinated by wild hazel, variety, Pervenets. Tambov late.

Other varieties:

• Adygeiskiy -1 is a frost-resistant drought-tolerant variety. Its fruits weigh about 2 g. At the end of August, 10 kg are harvested from one bush. fruits. Ripening ends in early autumn. Bears fruit for 6 years. This is the best hazelnut variety for the Krasnodar Territory, as it is adapted to the local climate and soils. Medium resistant to pests, not resistant to bacteriosis.
• Ekaterina is a mixture of common hazel and red-leaved hazelnuts. Differs in bright leaves and nuts in a raspberry frame. Nuts 3 cm long. Among the red-leaved varieties of hazelnuts, Catherine's seeds are the largest.
• Purpurea is an ornamental 6 meter multi-stemmed plant, slow-growing, upright. Has an umbrella-shaped crown with red heart-shaped foliage.

Growing

Every year the plant forms many (100-150) basal shoots. In order to get a good harvest, the trunks in the bush are maintained in an amount of 12 pieces.

A powerful root system allows hazelnuts to grow in one place for a long time without transplanting.

Rejuvenation is carried out when the skeletal branches dry out at the age of 20-25. In this case, the basal trunks are replaced one by one, as the old branches dry out and the new growth develops.

Important! When growing hazelnuts, a branch growing up is tilted to the ground and tied. So the productivity of the bush rises sharply.

Landing

It is carried out by seeds and vegetatively. The best and easiest way to sow nuts. But with this method, the likelihood of inheriting maternal qualities is much reduced.

Seeds

Sowing is carried out in the fall after harvest. Planting is also possible in spring, but this will require nut stratification. They are placed in peat or in well-moistened sand, kept at a temperature of +6 C.

The seeds are regularly mixed to get oxygen. When planting, they are deepened in the fall by 8 cm, in the spring by 5 cm. The site is loosened and cleaned of weeds. Water abundantly during the hot months. As soon as the seedlings reach 2 years old, they are allowed to be replanted.

Vegetative way

It is carried out using layering or dividing the rhizome.

Reproduction by layering. In spring, the strongest cut is tilted to the ground and buried in a 15 cm hole. Fertile soil is poured on top. The top is left above the ground and tied up. The buried shoot is regularly watered, since young roots die from drying out. In the second year, the bush can be separated. Division of the root. It is carried out when transplanting a young bush.It is carefully dug up and divided into parts so that at least 3 shoots remain on each. After they are seated in the dug holes.
Hazelnuts are planted in spring or mature autumn. The soil from the pit is mixed with humus and potassium-containing fertilizers. A mound is made from the mixture in half of the pit. The seedling is dipped in a clay solution and the bush is placed in the recesses, spreading the rhizome on the sides. Then the hole is thrown so that the root neck can be seen by 2-3 cm.
At least 2 m is left between the bushes after trampling, the soil is watered and mulched with sawdust or dry grass. In order for the yield to be high, different varieties of hazelnuts are planted in the same area.

Care

Water the plant as needed, but during the hot period it is advisable to water it as often as possible. Top dressing is carried out with mineral fertilizers every year. Organic matter is applied every 3 seasons, which increases fruiting. Nitrogen fertilizers make the bush more beautiful, but if hazelnuts are not grown for decorative purposes, it is better not to use them.

Walnut bushes are resistant to diseases and pests, but for preventive purposes, it is advisable to treat the branches with iron sulfate. When powdery mildew appears, they are treated with a solution of colloidal sulfur. It is not necessary to insulate an adult plant for the winter, since many varieties are frost-resistant. The root circles of young shoots are sprinkled with sawdust or dry leaves.

Pruning is done in the fall. The bush is formed from 2 years of age. Choose 5-8 strong branches located at a distance from each other. They will make up the skeleton of the crown. Unnecessary branches are cut off. As the shrub grows, it is thinned out and excess shoots are removed.

Stamp cultivation

Stamp cultivation is practiced in America and Europe. It consists in growing hazelnuts not in the form of a bush, but a tree. This way more harvests are obtained, the mechanization of harvesting is facilitated, and the plants are better illuminated. Fruiting with such planting is significantly influenced by the formation of the crown.

Advantages:

• more trees can be planted per unit area;
• increase the nutritional value of fruits;
• increase the mass and yield of the nucleus;
• accelerate fruiting;
• the possibility of assembly mechanization;
• ripening of nuts occurs a week earlier than that of bush hazelnuts.

Hazelnuts Trebizond, Wedge-shaped, Rocket, Chocolate and many others are grown in this way.

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Hazelnut is a cultivated plant that can be easily grown in your own garden. The shrub is prized for its decorative appearance and the delicious, healthy nuts that it brings regularly.

Hazelnut is a cultivated plant that can be easily grown in your own garden

Over the years, breeders have bred hazelnut varieties, among which there are winter and disease resistant, high and low, with large and small fruits. In Northwest Russia, varieties that can withstand low temperatures and sudden frosts are especially popular.

Moscow Rubin

Moscow Rubin is a red-leaved hazelnut from the selection of R.F. Kudasheva.

It appeared in 1957. The mother tree is the Nottingham hazelnut, known for its large fruits under a fragile shell. The shrub was pollinated with a mixture of pollen from various hybrid varieties bred by A.S. Yablokova. Description of the variety:

1. Nuts are larger than those of the parent variety, weight 3–3.5 g. 7–15 fruits are formed in the seed. Yields 3-4 kg of nuts per bush annually.
2. Leaves and fruits are red in color, which becomes richer and brighter towards the end of summer.
3. The harvest ripens in early October.
4. Vigorous shrub, average height 4–5 m.
5. The high winter hardiness of the tree allows it to be grown in the northwestern and other cold regions of Russia.
6. Hazelnut Moscow Ruby is one of the best pollinators among red-leaved shrubs.

Academician Yablokov

Red-leaved hazelnuts, bred in 1961. It is included in the list of varieties recommended for cultivation in the north-western direction of Russia, as well as in other northern regions. Mother variety: hybrid 86 with small fruits.Paternal variety: Trebizond, a unique fruitful variety. Characteristics of Academician Yablokov's hazelnuts:

1. Reaches an average height of 3.6 m.
2. Average winter hardiness and low immunity to weevils.
3. In young shrubs, male flowers are almost not formed, but nuts are tied regularly and early. In adult bushes, catkins appear, but freeze slightly due to spring frosts, there are many female flowers, they can withstand temperatures down to -6 ° C.
4. Nuts are large and elongated, thin shell.
5. The crop is harvested in early October. The best harvest for the variety of Academician Yablokov is obtained when pollination with Tambov late.

Hazelnut of Academician Yablokov has excellent characteristics

Masterpiece

Hazelnut Masterpiece - one of the best varieties of hazel from Ukrainian selection. It appeared in 1985. Its main advantages are high yield and unusually delicate dessert taste of nuts.

1. The harvest ripens in August.
2. The average growth of the bush is 4 m, the growth is slow and poor, so the bush can be formed like a trunk.
3. The first nuts are harvested when the tree is 3 years old. The nut reaches its peak yield by the 10th year of life.
4. From 2 to 8 nuts grow in bunches. The fruits are large, up to 3 g in weight and up to 2 cm long. The shell is dark, pubescent.

Firstborn

Hazelnut Pervenets is a variety that is suitable for growing even in the extreme northern regions of Russia. Variety characteristics:

1. Frost resistance down to –40 ° C.
2. High resistance to pests, especially hazel mites.
3. Sprawling shrub with powerful root shoots. The height of the tree is 3.5 m. The earrings are red in color, the bark is grayish.
4. Nuts weighing 2.5 g, elongated and similar to the fruits of the Sickler variety. The shell is golden, smooth and thin. In fruit stems from 2 to 5 nuts.
5. Bears fruit annually, yielding a crop of 6 kg per bush. The walnuts are harvested in September.
6. One of the best pollinators for red-leaved hazelnut varieties.

The firstborn is recommended for cultivation throughout Russia, especially in the northwest direction.

Hazelnut Pervenets is recommended for cultivation throughout Russia

Variety selection

Hazelnut varieties are varied but not versatile. One shrub may be ideal for planting in northern areas, while another does not tolerate frost and dies quickly because of it.

In Russia, many varieties can bear fruit, most of them are winter-hardy. With hazel, accustomed to a warm cloudless climate, it is more difficult: only in some regions of the country can it be grown. When choosing a variety, first of all, pay attention to the level of its winter hardiness and the climate in your area.

There are both male and female flowers on the hazelnut. The wind carries pollen from male earrings to female ones, which look like kidneys. Among the varieties, there are few self-pollinating ones, so it is recommended to plant several trees, but not all pollen will work.

When choosing seedlings of different varieties, first make sure that they are compatible with each other. It is advisable to select varieties that are similar to each other in the type of fruit, in the period of flowering and ripening of nuts.

Reproduction of hazelnuts

The nut is propagated in several ways. Seed propagation is one of the most difficult. A shrub grown from seed does not inherit most of the positive qualities of its variety, therefore, only breeders propagate hazelnuts in this way.

With the help of seed propagation, agronomists get new, interesting, improved varieties:

1. Pick selected nuts, process them to protect them from rodents.
2. Seeds are prepared for planting in 3-4 months. They are soaked in water for 5 days, dried and placed in warm sand, stirring once every 2 weeks. After this time, the nuts are briefly immersed in the snow.

When purchasing a seedling of the desired variety on the market, buy only those that have been obtained vegetatively, and not grown from seeds. Reproduction by dividing the bush and layering is the most common.

1. Division of the bush: the hazelnuts are dug up and divided so that each part has shoots, and there is a lump of earth on the roots.
2. Propagation by horizontal layers: select several shoots with buds and lay them in the dug grooves, then attach them there. 40 days after the appearance of the first leaves, cover the furrows with earth. Water and add layers in summer. After a year, they can be dug up, cut off from the bush and divided.

Landing

The seedling is planted on moist, fertile soil, it should not be acidic, for this it is pre-treated with lime. You can choose an uneven place for landing. In countries where hazelnuts are grown, they are planted on the hillsides. Choose the eastern, western, northern slopes, but not the southern ones.

Sun and heat can lead to early bud opening, vulnerable to sudden spring frosts. Plant your seedlings away from tall trees. Different varieties of hazelnuts are planted in the same way, but some are more capricious than others.

Hazelnuts are usually planted in early October, but it is possible in early spring.

The soil is prepared for planting six months before work: loosen, add the necessary fertilizers, flare up. The introduction of manure and compost improves the yield of hazelnuts.

Saplings are planted at a distance of 6 × 6 m. You can cut it, but the more space the tree has, the better it will grow, develop and bear fruit. A few weeks before planting, holes are dug and filled with soil, humus, superphosphate, potassium salt.

A peg is driven in, to which a seedling is later tied. Before planting, the roots are straightened, dipped in a chatterbox and lowered into the hole to the root collar. Buried, watered abundantly and mulch the ground with sawdust or other material.

Hazelnut pests

Most varieties perfectly resist diseases and pests, but with timely prevention, this threat completely disappears:

1. May beetle is the main pest of hazel. Before planting a seedling, the population of the May beetle must be ruthlessly exterminated.
2. Hazelnut beetle looks like a black beetle with a long mustache. Active from May to June. It lays eggs in the bark, which is gnawed by the hatched larvae. Because of this, the branches dry out, and the leaves turn yellow and wrinkle. The larvae move to other branches and slowly devour the entire bush. To protect against the barbel, in the spring, all dried and damaged parts of the tree are cut down and burned. Beetles are poisoned with insecticides.
3. The nut weevil lives wherever the nut grows. They are black beetles with gray hairs and a very long proboscis. They hibernate in the soil, emerge when the temperature is warm, and begin to feed on leaves. The females lay their eggs in the nuts and return to the ground. Larvae are born in mid-June. All walnut varieties are susceptible to attack by this pest, but loosening, destruction of prematurely fallen fruits and insecticides help to cope with this danger.

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