Tomatoes are the best varieties of planting

9 March 2017

ditim

Views: 1101

Decide on the choice which variety of tomatoes is better to plant, not so easy. After all, 2414 varieties and hybrids are registered in the State Register alone, and there are more than 4000 of them all over the world. When choosing a variety for cultivation, you need to take into account many factors:

• Ripening period (early, mid-ripening, late-ripening tomatoes),
• Growth type (short, determinate or tall, determinate),
• Size, shape, color of the fruit,
• Variety or hybrid,
• Growing method (greenhouses or open ground),
• Disease resistance,
• Purpose of use (fresh consumption, for conservation, for long-term storage, for making juice).

In the open field

In this section, you can combine three selection criteria at once: ripening period, growing method, type of plant growth.

In the open field, it is recommended to plant early or mid-season undersized (determinant) varieties and hybrids of tomatoes. The explanation is simple. By the type of growth of the bush, tomatoes are divided into two groups:

• Shrub - undersized, determinant.
• Liana - tall, indeterminate.

Bush-type plants, in addition to the main stem, have several lateral shoots. All of them, like the main one, end with an inflorescence. The height of such a bush is from 60 to 180 cm. The growth of the bush ends when several flower brushes are formed on it.

Liana tomatoes have unlimited growth, they can only grow in length, and endlessly. The onset of frost stops their growth, when a cold snap causes the end of the growing season. In determinant plants, stepchildren are formed not from the stem, but from the pahuzi of the leaf closest to the apical brush. A long liana is formed, about 2 meters high. It is worth noting that this type of plant has a slower flowering rate. There are fewer fruits than those of undersized varieties, but they are much better quality, large and tasty.

So, liana tomatoes in conditions Middle belt, Moscow region, North-West, Urals and Siberia will have time to reveal their potential only in greenhouses. In the open field, they simply do not have enough heat and time. By August, they will be able to form a sufficient number of brushes, but late blight will come and, there is a great risk, it will ruin the harvest.

But the determinant low-growing tomatoes, and the EARLY ripening period, are the best suited for open ground. By August, they will have time to reveal their potential and it will be possible to harvest a good, high-quality harvest. therefore in the open field it is best to plant low-growing bush varieties of tomatoes (tomato).

Early ripe:

• Yamal, the Far North.

Standard (do not require pinching and have a compact bush):

• Amur bole and Penguin, Otradny and Moskvich.

Varieties for open ground in Siberia:

• Oak, May early, White filling-241, Apples in the snow, De Barao.

Early ripening varieties for open ground:

• Snow queen, Snowdrop, Spring drops, Bullfinch.

For salting and pickling:

• Rio Grande, Rio Fuega, Maroussia.

In the greenhouse

But in greenhouses for liana-shaped tall varieties of tomatoes - grace.For the most part, these are not varieties, but hybrids, in which the breeders have put the best qualities. But they are also more capricious. therefore indeterminate (tall) varieties are best planted in a greenhouse... And let the low-growing tomatoes grow beautifully on the street, and without them it is cramped in the greenhouse

Greenhouse varieties in Siberia:

• De Barao and Olya F1 (determinant, but good for greenhouses),
• Verlioka F1 (medium-sized and productive),
• Jubilee Tarasenko and Cosmonaut Volkov (mid-season indeterminate salad varieties).

Tall large-fruited tomatoes:

• Giant red, pink, Mikado, Giant Novikov, Semipalatinsky, Bull heart.

Early maturing indeterminate hybrids:

• Nastya is sweet-tooth, Paradise candy, Children's joy, Sweet girl.

 

Variety or hybrid

A huge number of varieties and hybrids of tomatoes have been bred, among those and others there are good and bad ones. The quality of the crop does not depend in any way on whether the variety or hybrid was planted. The fundamental difference between these concepts is that seeds can be harvested from varietal tomatoes, and excellent tomatoes can be grown from them the next year. It is impossible to get seeds from hybrids. No, of course, you can take a good, high-quality tomato, prepare seeds from it, plant it. But ... nothing good will grow. In the second generation, hybrids are destroying traits, dividing them into male and female lines. As a result, you can get a crop of disgusting quality, completely different specimens.

Unusual tomatoes

For those gardeners who are tired of the monotony, want to try something new and surprise guests at the festive table, amazing varieties of tomatoes have been bred. It is possible to grow them in greenhouses in the conditions of the Central belt or Siberia. This is not exotic, as it might seem at first glance. It's just that these varieties have an unusual shape, color or taste.

• Moscow delicacy - pepper-shaped tomato,
• Varieties Tigrovy and Tigris - striped,
• Grouse - tomatoes that look like watermelon,
• Emerald Apple, Jade Gem F1, Emerald Gem F1 - Green Tomatoes,
• Black Prince - tomatoes with a black and raspberry color, outwardly similar to olives,

• Peach - Creamy orange tomatoes, reminiscent of a peach.
• Budenovka - large pink heart-shaped tomatoes.
• Yellow ball and F1 Honey candy - yellow tomatoes in ripeness stage,
• Banana orange and Banana red - banana-shaped tomatoes,
• Khokhloma and Chukhloma - elongated red tomatoes,
• Lotus, Snowball, Snow White, Marshmallow and White Sugar - White Fruit Tomatoes,

• Swamp - fruits of brown color with pinkish-yellow-brown blotches, but very tasty,
• F1 chocolate - dark brown tomatoes,
• Pepper striped - the name speaks for itself,
• Louis 17 - pear-shaped fruits,
• Don Quixote F1 - cuboid fruit shape,
• Maroussia is an egg-shaped (plum-shaped) fruit for open ground,
• Grape, Cherry red and Cherry yellow - small-fruited tomatoes,
• Yellow caramel F1 and red caramel F1 - they resemble sweet cherries in shape, and caramel in taste.

The next article will be devoted to varieties resistant to a particular disease. There are many such varieties and hybrids, and they require more detailed consideration.

Good evening, dear summer residents and gardeners!

Let's talk today about the varieties and methods of growing our favorite tomatoes. I confess that I really love this vegetable. It is delicious, sweet and sour, and goes well fresh and at lunchtime. And, calling it a vegetable, I am not mistaken.

Botanically speaking, tomatoes are berries. But, since they are used mainly for lunch, and not for dessert, they are recognized in the world as vegetables. Indeed, few people already remember what it is correct to call delicious fruits berries.

Last time we figured out how to plant sweet bell peppers. Also a delicious vegetable that cannot be ignored. And today we will analyze how to make tomato seedlings correctly, select favorable days and choose the best varieties.

After all, how nice it is to go and pick a delicious, bright red or yellow fruit from a bush in your garden. The fruit of your labors! Ah, such a harvest is the most useful, because it is grown with love!

Content

We plant tomatoes according to the lunar calendar 2018

Before we start planting, let's decide on the best days to spend.

For a long time, ancient gardeners noticed that the harvest depends on the phases of the moon. Our companion affects the ebb and flow, and therefore the water. Well, without it, as you know, you can't grow a single seed.

And let all opponents of the sowing calendar argue with me, but our companion greatly affects the germination of plants. Therefore, it is better to focus on it if you want a rich harvest.

When the moon is rising, plants that bear fruit on the bushes should be planted. And root crops are planted in a waning night star.

Therefore, it is not difficult to calculate when to germinate tomato seeds in 2018. To do this, take a simple lunar calendar and look.

Important! It is forbidden to plant plants neither on the days of the new moon, nor on the days of the full moon!

Tomatoes begin to be planted for seedlings in February-April. In February, the plants are planted by farmers and gardeners in the northern regions of our country.

The most favorable days in this month are:

6, 7, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26

Unfavorable days:

15, 16, 17 are the days of the new moon

In March, vegetables are sown in the middle lane and the best days will be:

5, 6, 7, 15, 20, 21, 24, 25

Forbidden days:

2, 16, 17, 18, 31

In April, tomatoes are planted by gardeners and summer residents of the southern regions of our country. Good planting days are:

20, 21, 27, 28, 29

And unfavorable days:

15, 16, 17, 30

You can focus on the sowing calendar below. Here are indicated favorable days for planting, picking and harvesting plants.

We sorted out the good days, now we will choose good varieties of tomatoes that are best suited for growing in greenhouses and greenhouses. Such species are grown by summer residents of the Moscow region and the middle zone of our homeland.

The best varieties of tomatoes for a polycarbonate greenhouse

The climate of the middle zone and northern regions most often does not allow growing tomatoes in the open field due to unstable weather. Frost and cold are possible, which have a detrimental effect on thermophilic tomatoes. But for the growth of a good harvest, greenhouses and greenhouses are provided. Some of them are heated and you can grow fruits and vegetables at least all year round.

We will consider options for planting seedlings in greenhouses at the end of May. Varieties are divided into determinant and indeterminate types.

It is precisely the first option that is most preferable for greenhouses. These plants are resistant to weather changes.

De Barao (royal, black, red, gold)

• Fruit weight - 60-70 grams
• Maturation - 120-130 days
• Fruit yield - up to 40 kg per 1 m2
• Application - fresh and pickled.

The species, although late-ripening, is very frost-resistant. Another advantage is that he does not get late blight.

Blagovest F1

• Fruit weight - 110-140 grams
• Ripening - 100-108 days
• Fruit yield - up to 17 kg per 1 m2
• Application - fresh and pickled.

Blagovest F1 is an early maturing hybrid variety. And the most beloved among gardeners. It bears excellent fruit and grows well in any soil. The hybrid is bred with resistance to late blight, tobacco mosaic and pests such as the Colorado potato beetle, spider mite, wireworm.

Pink cheeks

• Fruit weight - 200-340 grams
• Ripening - 105-115 days
• Fruit yield - up to 5.5 kg per 1 m2
• Application - fresh and pickled.

The variety was literally recently bred and immediately fell in love with experienced gardeners. Fleshy, large and bright pink fruits, delicate sweet and sour taste - all this distinguishes Rosy Cheeks. Tomatoes are well stored and retain their presentation during transportation.

Russian size

• Fruit weight - 650-2000 grams
• Maturation - 120-128 days
• Fruit yield - up to 4.5 kg per 1 m2 (from 1 bush)
• Application - fresh or for cooking lecho, adjika

Truly giant tomato fruits can be grown using this species.The high-yielding, sweet variety is liked not only by private gardeners and summer residents, but also grown on an industrial scale.

Cherry Red or Cherry

• Fruit weight - 15-30 grams
• Maturation - 85-100 days
• Fruit yield - up to 2 kg from 1 bush
• Application - fresh or for pickling

The variety is characterized by sweet sweet tomatoes. An early maturing species grows well in greenhouses and greenhouses. The plant does not lend itself to root rot, is resistant to late blight, as well as brown spot.

Cherry can be used in salads and pickled. You can cook delicious lecho, adjika or prepare tomato paste for the winter.

The most productive varieties for open ground

There is a fairly huge range of tomatoes for open ground on the market. But not all of them are good. Therefore, we will analyze the most suitable ones. At the same time, we will take into account the different qualities of the varieties.

Mystery

• Fruit weight - up to 150 grams
• Maturation - 85-90 days
• Fruit yield - up to 22 kg per 1 m2
• Application - fresh or for marinades

Delicious early ripe look. Tomatoes are well stored and transported. The only negative is that you will often need to pinch. If this is not done, then the tomatoes will be small.

Golden Stream

• Fruit weight - up to 80 grams
• Ripening - 80-85 days
• Fruit yield - up to 8-9 kg per 1 m2
• Application - fresh or for marinades

An early ripe variety of golden color when fully ripe. Due to their yellow color, vegetables contain a lot of Carotene. And this is a useful vitamin of group B.

The species does not need to be pinned. It is resistant to diseases and the only negative is that it can be eaten by the Colorado potato beetle. Therefore, you need to process the bushes from this pest.

Bull Heart

• Fruit weight - up to 500-1000 grams
• Maturation - 120-130 days
• Fruit yield - up to 3.5 kg from 1 bush
• Application - fresh or for tomato pastes, lecho, adjika

Despite its late ripening, the variety is very famous and extremely loved by summer residents and gardeners for its large fleshy fruits and bright sweet taste with a slight sourness. The species has many sub-varieties F1. They differ only in color: black, pink.

The bovine heart is a very capricious variety and is very afraid of late blight. But with the right care and attention, you will be greatly rewarded with a good harvest.

Marmande

• Fruit weight - up to 160 grams
• Maturation - 85-100 days
• Fruit yield - up to 5 kg from 1 bush
• Application - fresh or for tomato pastes, lecho

An early ripe kind of delicious tomatoes. It is not hybrid and very immune to tomato diseases. Stored for a long time. Tomatoes are used fresh, will be used for juice and heat treatment.

Solokha

• Fruit weight - up to 100 grams
• Ripening - 100-110 days
• Fruit yield - up to 6 kg from 1 bush
• Application - fresh or for salting

The fruit is an elongated cream of crimson color. Taste sweet and sour tomatoes. The variety is very unpretentious and with minimal care you can get a good harvest. The elastic skin allows tomatoes to be transported well over long distances.

If you still know delicious varieties, then you can add below in the comments for the benefit of other readers.

How to properly plant tomatoes for seedlings at home

There are 2 ways to plant tomatoes:

• either grow seedlings from seeds themselves;
• or buy ready-made seedlings from a gardener or grandmothers.

The second method is more expensive. The first is more economical in terms of budget, but more time consuming. Well worth it - growing your own tomatoes! And that's just what we'll talk about.

Important! For greenhouses, we grow seedlings 1 month earlier than for planting bushes in open ground.

Tomato seedlings are planted in the ground after 60-65 days. Therefore, we decide on the seeds and varieties of tomatoes. It is important to decide where the tomatoes will grow - in a greenhouse or immediately open ground. Accordingly, we choose the best varieties - for greenhouses and open ground, I gave several examples above.

We also take into account the growing region and the growth of the bushes.Higher varieties are best planted in greenhouses. It is more convenient to tie them up there. But the undersized ones go for planting in the open ground.

We have decided on the seeds, choose the soil. It should be loose, with an acidity of up to 6.0. Loose soil contains a lot of air and promotes good moisture penetration to the roots. If you take humus with black soil, then the proportion should be 2: 1.

You can process the seeds. Here I will note that there is no need to process hybrids (F1) in advance. This has already been done for you, before the seeds arrived on store shelves. But varietal or your own seeds must be processed in order to avoid diseases and pests.

To do this, place the seeds in a hydrogen peroxide solution for 10 minutes. It is very simple to make it. 3 ml of peroxide is poured with 100 ml of clean warm water at about 40 degrees. You can process the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

We plant seeds in peat pots, or you can choose plastic or paper containers. But it is also better to pre-treat such containers with a solution of potassium permanganate.

At the bottom we lay a drainage layer of broken small shells. This will protect against the black leg, which the seedlings can get sick with. Pour the prepared moist soil into containers. We plant the seeds to a depth of 0.5-0.7 cm and sprinkle them with soil on top. Spray a little with water. Cover with foil and remove to a warm place at room temperature of 23 degrees.

The film is allowed to be removed when the first entrances appear. We keep the same temperature and ventilate the room at least 2 times. But here try to avoid drafts. They have a destructive effect on delicate plants.

Water the sprouts, but do not moisturize much. It is better to use rain or melt water here. It is better to stand tap water before watering for about a day.

If you have planted tomatoes in one container, then you need to dive them when the leaves of the sprouts become 5-7 cm. At the same time, the root is reduced by 1/3, which will only strengthen the root system. And they are already seated in separate containers.

How to make a correct dive see in a short video.

If there is a lack of sun, provide plants with additional artificial lighting.

If everything is done correctly, then the seedlings do not need an additional subcortex. Plants will get stronger in 2 months and they can be planted either in open ground or in a greenhouse.

That's all the simple conditions for growing good tomato seedlings. I wish you health and a rich harvest !!

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estimates, average:

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The benefits of tomatoes, variety selection, site preparation, planting and care, harvesting.

A lush tomato plant, covered with dark green foliage and fragrant juicy fruits, is well known to vegetable growers and grows in every home garden. It is indispensable in cooking, healthy vegetable, rich in vitamins and minerals. Let's figure out why a tomato is so good, and how to grow an excellent crop of bulk fruits in the open field.

Tomatoes: benefits and harms

The benefits of the fruit directly depend on its composition, and in the tomato, the elements are collected in a complex that is extremely valuable for the human body. The following components are most important.

Vitamins. The red fleshy fruit is a real storehouse of vitamins. Below are considered those of them that are present in the pulp of ripe tomatoes in significant concentrations (average per 100 g of raw matter).

• C (ascorbic acid) - a participant in the processes of oxidation and reduction, a powerful antioxidant, indispensable in the treatment and prevention of viral infections (45 mg);
• A (carotene) - maintains elasticity, skin health and good vision (1.1 mg);
• B1 (thiamine) - regulates carbohydrate and energy metabolism (0.09 mg);
• B2 (riboflavin) - necessary for the stable functioning of the nervous system and normal digestion (0.038 mg);
• PP (nicotinic acid) - activates the metabolism of phosphorus, carbohydrates and fats, which is important for people trying to lose weight (0.53 mg);
• K (phylloquinone) - indispensable for the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, affects blood clotting.

Important! The content of vitamins in tomatoes grown outdoors is significantly higher than that of greenhouse tomatoes.

Minerals. Tomatoes are literally saturated with minerals, and most of all they contain such elements (per 100 g of raw matter):

• Sodium (40 mg) and potassium (270 mg) - play a leading role in maintaining water-salt balance, support the proper functioning of the kidneys and muscles.
• Phosphorus (33 mg) and calcium (10 mg) are components of bone, muscle tissue and blood, stabilizers of the nervous system.
• Iron (1.4 mg) - is a part of hemoglobin, provides oxygen access to cells. Magnesium (15 mg) - soothes naughty nerves, helps to cope with stress, promotes digestion and the formation of bone tissue.

In addition, tomatoes contain sugars, organic acids, pectins, biologically active substances.

Energy value of 100 g tomatoes 79 kJ.

Exceptionally healthy, aromatic, tasty fruits, with harmoniously balanced sourness and sweetness, are eaten raw and added to salads. Craftswomen prepare exquisite sauces and seasonings, prepare for the winter, stuff and stew. It's easy to make deliciously healthy drinks like tomato juice or non-alcoholic cocktails.

The tomato has earned its immense popularity and has long become a traditional vegetable in every home. To get a great harvest, you should first think about choosing the right variety.

Choosing a variety for growing tomatoes in the open field

There is an extensive and detailed classification of tomatoes, and the vegetable grower needs to navigate the main differences of certain types. Let's take a quick look at the most important points.

There are four types of tomato bush:

• Non-standard - there are many branches on the plant, the stem is recumbent or semi-recumbent. Needs a garter.
• Determinant (undersized) - early maturing, rapid development, growth is completed after tying 3-4 hands.
• Indeterminate - tall, in a favorable environment forms an infinite number of brushes (up to 50) and can develop in this way for several years. In the middle lane, they are mainly grown indoors. Tying such bushes is required.
• Standard - a variety of the previous one, but suitable for open ground. The bush has a strong stem that does not linger.

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According to the ripening period, six main groups are distinguished (the period in days from the emergence of seedlings to the receipt of ripe fruits is indicated in brackets):

• super early (up to 100);
• early maturing (100-105);
• medium early (106-110);
• mid-season (111-115);
• medium late (116-120);
• late ripening (from 120).

The shape of tomatoes is very different - from the traditional round to flat, flat-round, elongated, finger-shaped, in the form of a drop, pear or plum.

The surface of the fruit can be smooth or ribbed to varying degrees. Some fruits have very strong ribbing and appear to be composed of separate lobes. Typical varieties - Tomato chrysanthemum, American ribbed.

Video the most unusual varieties of tomatoes for open ground

The weight of this amazing garden berry varies - from very small cherry tomatoes, which really resemble large cherries, to giants of the tomato world weighing 1 kg (Grandma's Secret, Bear's Paw).

The color depends on the color of the skin and the pulp that appears through it.Breeders have done their best and bred varieties with such a variety of shades that bushes sprinkled with ripe tomatoes can compete with many ornamental plants.

Unripe tomatoes are dark green, light green, whitish and brown. Ripe ones are colored much brighter.

Here are the most typical tomato colors:

• red (Sugar bison, Sanka, Agata, Torch);
• pink (King Pink, Newbie Pink, Oxheart);
• crimson (Crimson ball, Crimson miracle);
• orange and yellow (Honey Drop, Golden Nut, Persimmon, Wonder of the World);
• striped (Zebra white, Tiger);
• dark purple, almost black (Truffle, Mikado, Black Prince).

In addition, liana-shaped tomatoes are increasingly grown on the plots - here you can find both domestic over-yielding hybrids of Tarasenko, and foreign varieties - the Brazilian De Barao and the Indian Crown Prince. However, for the successful cultivation of these plants, a high level of care, nutritious soils, tying and watering are needed.

The best varieties of tomatoes

Consider today's best tomato varieties of different types and groups that are great for outdoor cultivation.

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1. Sanka

A very early determinant tomato variety, ripens 90-95 days after germination. The bush is low, compact, up to 40 cm tall, covered with small (up to 100 g) bright red fruits. A very generous variety, forms the harvest in one wave. The early sweet tomato is usually eaten raw, but it is also suitable for harvesting for the winter.

2. Gina

Early tomato (100 days), determinant, medium height (up to 60 cm). Fruits are large - up to 250 g, orange-red, juicy, with oily pulp and harmonious taste. An excellent property of the Gina variety is resistance to verticillary wilting and fungal infections.

3. Russian hero

A mid-ripening variety of tomatoes, the harvest period begins after 110-120 days of growing season. The bush is vigorous, growing up to one and a half meters. Slightly flattened tomatoes are large, with expressive ribs, pink-red, weighing up to 400 g. The taste is harmonious, the fruits are suitable for processing and storage.

4. Black Prince

An original mid-season tomato variety (115 days) with maroon, almost chocolate fleshy fruits weighing up to 300 g. Indeterminate bush, up to 1.5 m high, resistant to late blight. You can get a decent harvest of the Black Prince outdoors by planting seedlings at least 50 days old.

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Learn more

5. Zebra white

A new, very unusual tomato variety that will amaze both the grower himself and his neighbors. The bush is fruitful, high - up to 1.5 m, completely covered with spectacular striped white-yellow sweet fruits up to 150 g in weight. The tomato is resistant to disease and unpretentious.

6. De Barao

One of the most reliable, time-tested indeterminate outdoor varieties. Ripening period - from 120 days. There are many variations of De Barao - with fruits of pink, red, yellow, black, striped and other colors.This amazing plant is resistant to drought, cold weather, late blight, and also develops well in partial shade. The fruits can be consumed fresh, canned, stored in a cool room, and ripened. De Barao is grown only through seedlings.

It is advisable to purchase the desired assortment in the fall, since at this time there is a higher probability of buying fresh seeds, the choice itself is greater, in addition, there is an opportunity to navigate the size of the desired area and start cultivating the soil.

Selection and preparation of a site for growing tomatoes

It is necessary to prepare the ground for planting any vegetables, especially tomatoes, ahead of time. In order not to get a series of bitter disappointments instead of an excellent harvest, important features should be taken into account.

• The site should be flat, well-lit, located on the southern side of structures or plantings near the irrigation source.
• It is advisable to plant tomatoes after any legumes - peas, beans, beans, vetch and others.

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Advice. Plant green manure plants that enrich the soil with nitrogen and other valuable substances, as well as inhibit pests and improve the structure of the soil. In the prime of the growing season, the green mass of green manure is mowed several times per season, plowing into the ground in the fall. This fertilizer is environmentally friendly and very effective. The best siderates are mustard, lupine, vetch, peas and clover.

It is permissible to grow tomatoes after pumpkin and bast crops, onions, garlic, cabbage.

Important! It is categorically impossible to plant tomatoes after nightshades - potatoes or eggplant. They are placed in the same place no earlier than 5 years later.

• The best yields will be obtained on structured porous soils - black earth, light loam or sandy loam. Plants develop unimportantly on dense loams and very badly - on alkaline soils with close water occurrence.
• Poor soils are improved by the introduction of loose humus (7-8 kg per 1 sq.m.), sand and compost are added to too dense soils. In areas with surface water, drainage is arranged by digging a ditch.

Important! When fresh manure is applied, the green mass will grow in the tomato, to the detriment of the crop. In addition, they will become strongly affected by fungal diseases.

• In general, tomatoes are a picky crop in relation to soil fertility. Many gardeners openly feed their favorite plants, receiving fewer fruits and at the same time desperately fighting infections. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are essential for this vegetable. As their source, it is better to use wood ash, bringing in the agent at the rate of 1-1.5 kg per 10 sq. M.
• After applying all the fertilizers, using green manure, the soil is dug up in autumn to the depth of a shovel bayonet and left to rest until spring.

How to grow tomatoes from seeds

After the purchase, the seeds are examined, damaged or uncharacteristically colored, dark seeds are removed. Such grains can become a source of contamination of all material.

There are two main ways of growing tomatoes in the open field - seedling and non-seedling. Let's consider them in order.

Growing tomatoes through seedlings

It is often difficult for a gardener to choose the right time for sowing. In this case, you can successfully use such a scheme.

• We count the time from the moment of sowing to the emergence of seedlings. The term varies depending on soil temperature and seed quality. On average, it is 5-7 days, sometimes sprouts may appear earlier.
• We add the desired planting age of seedlings - for late varieties at least 50 days, for medium ones up to 40, 30 days will be enough to get early tomatoes.
• We add a week for addictive seedlings and all sorts of unforeseen circumstances.

The resulting number, for example, for late tomatoes - 64 days, we subtract from the date of planting seedlings in this region. Let's say it's May 10th. In this case, the seeds are sown on March 7th.

Advice. The use of temporary shelters - film or non-woven - will significantly accelerate the harvest. In this case, sowing should be done in February, and the seedlings should be placed under cover in April.

In the future, they are guided by such main points.

• For growing seedlings, they take a standard soil mixture, which is easy to purchase in stores, in addition, a nutrient mixture from humus and sod land is successfully used.

Advice. To make a nutritious soil mixture, stir the turf soil (or a well-rested garden) and humus in equal proportions. You can add a third of the peat of neutral acidity, as well as a half-liter can of ash to the bucket of the mixture.

• Convenient pills, cups or seedling cassettes have proven their worth. They save space and time, while the plants grow well and are not injured when planting.
• Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and then in a growth stimulator (Epin, Gumat, Emistim). This will make the seedlings more aligned, strong, which is especially important if there are few seeds.
• The seeds are pressed into the prepared mixture to a depth of 0.5 cm, watered, covered with glass or film and placed in a warm place.
• After the sprouts appear, the containers are transferred to a well-lit windowsill, and the temperature is lowered to 17-19 ° C so that the seedlings do not hurt and do not stretch out.

Important! Tomato seedlings should be watered sparingly - this culture does not like excess moisture.

• A good effect is provided by an additional introduction into the holes prepared for planting seedlings, a nutritious soil mixture prepared according to the recipe proposed above. This is especially important for late-ripening fruitful varieties.
• Vigorous varieties are planted according to the scheme 60x60 cm, and very large bushes - 70x70 cm. To facilitate care, low-growing plants are distributed in beds - between rows of 50 cm, and between bushes - 30 cm.
• After planting, the tomatoes are watered, the soil is mulched (with peat, humus, compost), and the bushes are also temporarily covered with film caps to preserve the density of the leaves.

Growing tomatoes in a seedless way

This is an excellent method of getting a harmonious tomato harvest without much hassle, but only suitable for southern regions. They choose early or very early varieties. With the onset of stable warm weather, the seeds are embedded shallowly into the prepared damp heated soil, placing them on ridges with row spacing of 50 cm.

After sowing, it is advisable to cover the rows with a mulching black film, this will significantly accelerate the emergence of seedlings.

Important! Do not miss the moment the sprouts appear and immediately remove the film, otherwise the plants will die.

As soon as two true leaves appear, the seedlings break through, leaving the bushes at a distance of 30-35 cm. Such tomatoes have a more branched root system, they are much stronger and more resistant than those grown through seedlings. And if you choose reliable varieties, you can provide yourself with ripe fruits in sufficient quantities and even prepare for the winter.

Caring for tomato beds

Further care, both in the seedling and seedling method, consists in weeding, watering, fertilizing and pinching. If there are no difficulties with weeding, and its main purpose is to remove weeds and loosen the soil, then you need to pay attention to the important points of the rest of the work.

Watering tomatoes

Tomato plants are drought-resistant and dry, porous soil is better for them than dense, excessively moist soil.However, regular watering is imperative to get a good harvest.

• In dry weather, watering is carried out at least once a week, and in too hot - at least 2 times.
• After watering, the soil must be mulched with improvised means, otherwise it will turn into stone, covered with cracks and such care will do more harm than good.
• The use of black film is very effective on tomatoes - this mulch will not only retain valuable moisture, but also prevent the development of weeds.
• Drip irrigation remains the best irrigation method - economical, high-tech, optimal for plant development.

Fertilizing tomato beds

When growing early varieties and applying a sufficient amount of fertilizer for planting, this can be completely limited and no further feeding is carried out.

Plants with a long growing season, late-ripening tomatoes, should be supported several times during the season with fertilization.

• Mineral or organic fertilizers are used three times:
  10 days after planting the seedlings, to build up the green mass, top dressing is carried out with a solution of bird droppings or complex fertilizer with a predominance of nitrogen;
  the second top dressing during flowering and the third when setting the fruits is carried out with complex fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium.

Important! Before applying any fertilizers, and also immediately after that, the soil is well watered.

• Microfertilizers. It is advisable to purchase micronutrient fertilizer for tomatoes, which must contain boron, manganese, copper and sulfur. Such feeding will increase the quality of fruits, their sugar content, shorten the ripening period and increase resistance to diseases.

Video How to pinch tomatoes. Formation of tomatoes in the open field.

Solutions of trace elements are applied both under the root and sprayed onto the plants. In this case, it will be rational to add a growth stimulator, fungicide or other necessary drugs to the solution.

Pickling and pinching tomatoes

To get a good harvest of tomatoes, it is imperative to carry out green operations on the bushes - pinching and pinching. If the stepchildren are not removed in time and the main stem is not shortened, all efforts to grow the crop may be in vain. This is especially true for the regions of the north and middle zone.

What is a stepson? This is a new shoot growing from the leaf axils. Some varieties are more prone to the formation of stepchildren, others less. But sooner or later, all the bushes become overgrown with unnecessary shoots that begin to bloom, bear fruit and weaken the plant. As a result, the fruits on the main stem will not have time to ripen, they become smaller and the gardener will not receive a significant part of the harvest.

Remove stepchildren as early as possible (up to 5 cm in length), breaking them out in dry weather. In vigorous varieties, it is permissible to grow a bush in two stems, for which one lower stepson is left.

To get large tomatoes and accelerate ripening, pinching is carried out - the main stem is shortened over 3-4 flower brushes, and the stepson - over 2-3 brushes.

Harvesting tomatoes

If we take into account all the main features of growing plants and perform the necessary agrotechnical techniques, such a grateful vegetable crop as a tomato will surely repay with an excellent harvest of delicious fruits.

For harvesting, dry weather is chosen; it is also not advisable to eat fruits in the morning, after dew. These precautions are due to the fact that spores of fungi, especially phytophthora, can penetrate through the stalk, injured leaves and stems.

Tomatoes are harvested when they reach the color characteristic of the variety. For late tomatoes, harvested before the onset of frost, it is possible to pick up brown fruits with subsequent ripening in cool rooms. At the same time, several ripe fruits are added to the shelf with such tomatoes - this will accelerate the ripening of the rest.

It is not difficult even for a novice vegetable grower to get an excellent harvest of tomatoes in the open field.To do this, you need to choose the right variety, prepare the soil and follow the basic rules of care. It is worth spending a little time and effort to pick tight fruits filled with juicy vitamin pulp right from the bush.

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With the approach of spring, the summer cottage season opens. And here begins the well-known chase for seeds, because everyone wants to have time to buy the best tomato seeds. But it is at this stage that we have difficulties, because there are a lot of varieties of tomatoes on the market and it is not so easy to make a choice. Breeders have bred many different species, they differ in shape, size, color, and, of course, taste data.

Almost every summer resident who has been working in vegetable gardens for more than a year has his favorite varieties, he, as a rule, plants them every year. But you always want to try something new. And suddenly it will be much tastier. The best varieties of tomatoes for planting in the country are earlier, which are not afraid of frost, since you cannot constantly be in the country and monitor the weather.

"Miracle of the Earth" - This is an early variety of tall tomatoes, bushes, which grow up to almost two meters. Such tomatoes are best planted in a greenhouse, but they can also be planted outdoors, then it must be tied up so that it does not break. This variety has a high yield, 4 kg of tomatoes can be harvested from one bush. In addition, the fruit is beautiful, heart-shaped, slightly elongated, while very large and sweet. Tomatoes do not have green spots near the footboard, they are quite firm, so they are easy to transport, they do not crack. Another advantage of planting this kind of tomato in the country or in small farms is its resistance to weather changes in temperature, it is highly drought-resistant.

"Sanka" Is a very early tomato variety that is suitable for outdoor planting. It has a high yield percentage; with proper care, the bushes reach almost a meter. The fruits of this variety are fleshy, medium-sized, and have a beautiful bright red color. This variety is one of the best in taste. The main advantage of this tomato variety is that at the end of summer the bush grows like stepsons and gives a second harvest.

"Wild Rose" - this is an early-ripening variety of tomatoes with a high yield, up to 6 kg of tomatoes can be harvested from one bush. The fruits are deep pink in color, large, flatly rounded. The fruits are very tasty, especially in salads, because they have a juicy pulp on the breaks, the fruit is sugary. The advantage of this variety is its unpretentiousness to weather conditions, it is heat-resistant, and also resistant to all harmful microbes.