Family onion best varieties

Many summer residents avoid the cultivation of family onions, preferring the onion option. But this plant, represented by various varieties, is quite capable of giving a rich harvest. Thanks to the detailed descriptions, you can get acquainted with the different variations of this culture. Photos will make the "acquaintance" more visual. Given the characteristics of a particular variety, you can choose the optimal crop for growing in your region.

The best varieties of family onions for the middle lane

When planting family onions, it is recommended to take into account the suitability of the variety to various climatic conditions. For example, varieties are suitable for the middle lane:

1. "Sprint".
2. "Grasshopper".
3. "Guarantee".
4. "Snowball".
5. "Mashenka".
6. Siberian Yellow.
7. "Golden".

Attention! In this region, the varieties of family onions "Krepysh" and "Bonilla" are also excellent.

Among other varieties for the middle lane, it is worth noting a good version of "Ellan". This onion variety is obtained by breeders from Russia. The variety was bred relatively recently, but it literally immediately became in demand among numerous gardeners. Ellan's appeal lies in its unique resistance to low temperatures. This variety ripens early and allows for a rich harvest. Its taste is pleasant and sweet. Plus, he is not afraid of most common diseases and pests.

Family bow must be selected in accordance with the climatic zone

This type of family onion is early ripening. Harvesting is already possible in June. But he lies badly. The crop is recommended to be planted for pickling and making salads.

Another type of family onion, which is intended for cultivation in central Russia, is the Senshui Yellow. This variety was bred by Japanese breeders several years ago, but quickly found distribution in the Russian Federation and Belarus. This variety is cultivated for feather and turnip production. "Senshuy Yellow" is distinguished by good keeping quality, high yield and excellent taste. This onion lasts up to 6 months without loss of taste and presentation. Harvesting of this variety usually occurs in June and early July.

Senshui Yellow is highly resistant to fungal diseases and low temperatures. Peronosporosis is rarely a threat to this Japanese culture, which forms yellow bulbs. Their scales are quite dense. The shape of the fruit is slightly elongated and rounded. It is similar to a spindle.

Advice. The seeds of these onions should be selected with great care.Since this variety is new, it is often passed off as other, less valuable varieties.

Family bow "Russian purple"

Varieties of family onions for the southern regions

For cultivation in the southern regions, gardeners use special varieties of family onions. An excellent solution is the varieties:

• "Kunak";
• Rostovsky;
• "Kuban yellow";
• Bargalinsky;
• "Russian violet";
• "Kushchevka Kharkivska";
• "Belozerets-94".

Each of the options has its own advantages and features. For example, the variety "Russian Violet" has a high yield and early maturity. This variety is vegetatively propagated. It takes him an average of 95 days to ripen the crop. The name of this bow is determined by its appearance. The dry scales of the bulbs have a purple hue. The shape of the vegetables is round-flat. In each nest of this culture, from 10 to 20 bulbs are formed. The advantage of "Russian Violet" is its excellent keeping quality.

Among other varieties of family onions, which are intended for the southern regions, it is worth noting "Radar". This variety belongs to the results of Dutch selection. The variety is intended for winter sowing. Gardeners appreciate "Radar" for the size of the fruit. On average, the weight of each bulb varies from 150 to 200 g. Some varieties can weigh as much as 0.5 kg. A distinctive feature of this variety is its good pulp. It is semi-sharp, pleasant to the taste, dense, white. The shape of the Radar bulbs resembles a ball with slightly flattened sides. The scales of this variety are golden, strong, dense, which provides the fruit with good keeping quality.

Bow "Sturon"

The variety can withstand frosts without problems. The bulbs spend the whole winter in the ground, under the snow, without losing their important properties. Plus, the harvest of such a family onion can be harvested in the spring. Another advantage of the variety is resistance to most diseases. However, if you believe the reviews of summer residents who have already been cultivating the variety, "Radar" will not be prevented by preventive treatment against stem nematodes and onion flies.

Family bow for the Moscow region: the best varieties

For the Moscow region, it is customary to use certain varieties of family onions. In this region, you can harvest a good harvest of varieties "Sturon", "Shakespeare", "Stuttgarten Riesen", "Kip-Vel" and "Centurion".

The “Shakespeare” variety, bred by Dutch breeders, is in particular demand among gardeners in this region. The attractiveness of the variety lies in the fact that it can be successfully cultivated not only in the Moscow region. The variety is often called ideal for the middle lane.

Shakespeare is a semi-sharp and healthy variety. It is often used for winter planting. The variety is not afraid of frost. Its scales are strong and dense, which protects the seed from low temperatures. The same property is also due to the excellent keeping quality of culture. Vegetables can be stored for a long time without fear of losing their attractive taste and appearance.

Onion "Stuttgarten Riesen"

There are many varieties of family onions. Breeders distinguish into special categories varieties that form large bulbs and new varieties. Plus, for each region, special culture groups are recommended that are ideal for certain climatic conditions.

Growing family onions - video

This type of onion is prized by gardeners for its juiciness, aroma and mild taste. At the same time, the bulbs are stored for a long time and do not get sick. We will tell you how to grow family onions on your site.

A family (or just a family) is called a multi-pronged onion. The most popular type of such plant is shallots. It is a type of onion, but with smaller bulbs (4 to 10), growing nests, and delicate leaves. The weight of the nest is 150-300 g.

The small size of the shallots is inconvenient to peel, but they make excellent dishes.Family onions are fried, stewed, pickled and even used to make jam. And when fresh, sweet and delicate shallots are the perfect salad ingredient.

In addition, the heads can be stored well (from 8 to 12 months), even at home. And in March, the bulbs can be planted in a container and placed on the windowsill. Then in the spring you will enjoy fresh herbs without leaving your home.

Planting family onions in the ground

To accurately determine when it is time to plant family onions, you need to observe the weather. The best time to plant is mid-April, but if you do it too early and the weather is cold for a long time in spring, the bow may start shooting. Therefore, the exact time of planting depends on the weather conditions in a particular region. In the south, family onions can also be planted in early April.

The root system of onions develops well at temperatures from 2 to 25 ° С and tolerates frosts down to -6 ° С. Leaves grow actively at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, withstand frosts down to -7 ° C and withstand heat at 35 ° C. Therefore, the family onion feels good in the unstable climate of the middle lane.

Family onions can be planted before winter, but you need to choose the right varieties, otherwise the plant will shoot. For podzimny planting recommended varieties Albik, Garant, Krepysh, Ryzhik, Seryozha, Siberian yellow, SIR-7, Sophokl.

Shallots are an unpretentious plant that develops normally on any soil with neutral acidity, but moist humus-sandy or light humus loams are considered the best soils for it. The best predecessors for this crop are carrots, potatoes and legumes.

The main difference in the technique of planting family onions from ordinary onions is the distance between the bulbs. Shallots should not be planted very densely as each bulb forms a bulky tuft of leaves. If the plants overlap, the leaves lack light and nourishment. As a result, the bulbs grow very small.

It is recommended to grow shallots in rows, the distance between which is 30-40 cm. The distance between the bulbs in a row depends on the size of the planting material. Large family onions are planted at a distance of 20-30 cm, medium - after 15 cm, and small - after 8-10 cm.

Planting depth - 2-3 cm. If the bulbs are placed closer to the surface of the earth, the roots will suffer from a lack of moisture and nutrients.

Before planting, it is recommended to pickle the bulbs in a pink solution of potassium permanganate or in a solution of copper sulfate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) for 20 minutes.

Family onion care

In order for the plant to develop correctly, the air humidity must be in the range of 60-70%, and the soil must be much higher. As a rule, the plants are watered once a week, but the soil should be slightly damp at all times during the onion growth.

To preserve moisture, it is better to mulch the soil with straw or mowed weeds with a layer of 5-10 cm. At the beginning of July, the mulch is removed. If the soil is not mulched, shallots need regular weeding and loosening of the soil.

When growing onions in fertile soil, additional fertilizing can be omitted. If the soil is poor, before planting the bulbs, add rotted compost (3-4 kg per 1 square meter), as well as 1 tsp each. urea and superphosphate and 2 tbsp. ash.

When and how to remove family onions from the garden

If you plant a family onion in the spring or before winter, then in July it can be removed from the garden. This is done when 50-70% of the leaves of the plant are covered. But do not delay harvesting family onions, otherwise the bulbs will be worse stored.

In sunny and dry weather in the morning, when the dew dries up, the onions are pulled out and left in the garden until the evening. Then they are cleaned and dried in the attic or under the roof for 10-12 days. When the leaves are dry, they are removed by hand and the bulbs are stored in wooden crates or cardboard boxes. In this case, the nests are not divided into separate bulbs.

• When you need to remove onions from the garden and how to properly store them in winter

  We will tell you what to do so that in winter your soups and fries are not left without a fragrant onion.

Family onion varieties

There are quite a few varieties of shallots. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, they are all resistant to diseases and well stored. Varieties differ mainly in the mass, shape and color of the bulbs.

Albik
	In the nest, up to 8 round-flat bulbs weighing 20-30 g are formed. They have a yellow color and a semi-sharp taste. The variety has a consistently high yield (both for bulbs and feathers) and good keeping quality. Recommended for winter distillation.

Velikoustyugsky
	The bulbs weighing about 80 g are round and red-brown in color. The heads are dense, with a pronounced taste. The variety is popular for its good yield.

Guarantee
	Mid-season variety. The plant grows well leaves. The bulbs are round-flat, weighing up to 60 g, with a spicy taste. The color of the scales is yellow. The variety has a high yield and a long shelf life.

Knyazhich
	In one nest there can be up to 8-10 bulbs weighing 75 g each. The outer scales are light, red-brown, the bulb in the cut is pink. The taste is soft and pleasant.

Off-season
	An early ripe fruitful variety. The leaves are bright green, up to 30 cm long. The bulbs are flat-round, small, weighing up to 20 g. The color of the outer scales is yellow, and the inner ones are white. There are 8-10 bulbs in the nest.

Earring
	In each nest there are 7-8 dense rounded bulbs weighing 25 g. They have yellow scales, the fruit itself is juicy and sharp. Onions can be stored for 8 months.

Siberian yellow
	The bulbs of this early ripening variety are small (weighing about 25 g), with a spicy taste. The outer scales are yellow, and the inner ones are white. The fruits are perfectly stored and do not get sick.

This onion is distinguished by good immunity to diseases, but after 3-4 years it is necessary to update the planting material or propagate the family onion with seeds. Otherwise, the bulbs run the risk of developing gray rot.

• Onions rot during storage - what is the reason?

  How to treat the most common onion diseases so as not to lose the harvested crop?

• 4 dangerous diseases of onions during storage

  Diseases that in a month or two can ruin the entire onion crop you have grown.

The family onion is a favorite plant of domestic gardeners. It is a type of common onion. The main taste difference of family onions is their increased juiciness and aroma. This type is also distinguished by low bitterness, so many appreciate it for its mild taste. The family onion got its name due to its belonging to the multi-primordial species.

Features of the family bow

Family bow has a number of distinctive featuresdistinguishing it from other types:

• The bulbs are oblong. The mass of each onion ranges from 25 to 50 grams, together they form a kind of nest, which can contain up to 30 bulbs.
• The feathers of the family onion are thinner, less sharp and have a waxy surface.
• The bulbs tolerate long-term storage well.
• More delicate taste makes it possible to widely use family onions in cooking.
• Multi-bud onions can significantly increase yields from the same area.

Growing and caring

The process of growing family onions is in many ways similar to the cultivation of common onions. However, there are some small peculiarities.

Soil preparation

Family bow prefers fertile soil, which can be heavier than for a regular onion. The soil must have a good drainage system. The acidity of the soil should be neutral. The best predecessors are potatoes, legumes, carrots.

Since autumn, it is recommended to add humus in the amount of five kilograms, as well as 25 grams of superphosphate and 15 grams of potassium salt per square meter.

Before planting, fertilizing with ammonium nitrate at the rate of 7 grams per square meter will play a positive role.

Landing dates

It is worth noting that the bow is a cold-resistant plant... At a sufficiently low temperature, its root system can develop intensively, but this will not be noticeable by the growth of leaves.

The root system can grow at temperatures from +2 to +25 degrees. At the same time, it will calmly endure frosts down to -6 degrees. The green part of the plant shows the best growth at temperatures from +15 to +25 degrees, which does not prevent it from successfully tolerating frosts down to -7 and heat up to +35 degrees.

These data should be considered carefully when choosing the optimal planting time.

If you miss the time and plant the bulbs with sufficient heating of the soil and air, the active growth of greenery will immediately begin, on which all the forces of the plant will be directed. At the same time, the root system will remain underdeveloped, which will negatively affect the future harvest.

Family bow allowed plant not only in spring, but also before winter... At the same time, an earlier harvest can be expected, and greens are formed 10–12 days earlier.

Landing scheme

The optimal distance is considered to be 20 centimeters between the rows and 10 centimeters between the bulbs. With this scheme, the consumption will be 1–1.5 kg of planting material per square meter of the bed. In this case, it is better to use medium-sized bulbs for planting. Small bulbs will not give a good harvest, so it makes sense to plant them only on greens.

It is impossible to underestimate the distance between the planted bulbs, since the harvest will be small enough.

Preparation of planting material

To get a harvest of large bulbs, the planting material must be properly prepared. Preparation process can be divided into several stages:

1. Cleaning planting bulbs from dry scales.
2. Etching in a solution of copper sulfate. To prepare the solution, use 1 tablespoon of vitriol per 10 liters of water. After the procedure, the onions must be washed with clean water.
3. Soaking in a complex fertilizer solution. This process allows the bulbs to return moisture lost during storage, as well as replenish the supply of nutrients. The soak time is ten hours.
4. Germination. Prepared onions are placed in a container and covered with a lid. The container must be placed in an unheated room until roots are five millimeters long.
5. Cutting the bulbs in half. Some do not use this procedure, but it is very effective for getting larger bulbs in harvest. Fewer buds remain in each half, but as a result, larger bulbs are formed from them, since they will not be constrained by neighboring ones.

Planting family onions

If you plan to plant in the spring, you should wait until the soil warms up to +5 degrees... The entire disembarkation process can be divided into several stages:

• Loosening of the topsoil.
• Formation of furrows for planting.
• Furrow irrigation.
• Fertilization. As a rule, you can limit yourself to the introduction of wood ash.
• Hilling plantings.

Plant care

Until the emergence of shoots ten centimeters long, nothing can be done. Watering and other care are also not needed. With this approach, the roots will begin to strive deep into the ground in search of moisture, which will have a beneficial effect on plant nutrition in the future.

Further it is recommended mulch the soil... It is easiest to use cut weeds as mulch. There is no need to dry them. A layer of about ten centimeters should be maintained. When the mulch is dry, the bed will be covered with a porous, dense layer. This will not only enrich the soil with nutrients, but also protect the garden from weeds. The mulch will retain the moisture needed to feed the onions, and will also provide good air access and prevent the soil from overheating in the sun.

It is recommended to water the onion once a week at the rate of 20 liters per square meter.

As a rule, onions do not require additional feeding during cultivation. But if the leaves become small or begin to turn yellow and wither, you can add a solution of 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 15 grams of potassium salt per 10 liters of water. Potash salt can be replaced with wood ash. As an organic fertilizer, we can recommend manure aged for three years, or bird droppings. Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 10, and bird droppings - 1 to 15. If onions are grown on poor soils, then such feeding can be done twice. The first time fertilization is applied during the period of intensive development of greenery, and the second - at the beginning of the formation of bulbs.

In case of damage to plants by diseases or pests, spraying with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid should be carried out. It is important to remember that in this case, greens should not be eaten. Processing should be stopped ten days before harvest.

Harvest

You can start harvesting when half of the feathers wither. Most often this happens at the end of July. You should not delay harvesting, as the bulbs will absorb excess moisture from the soil, which can activate the growth process, disrupting the dormant period necessary for storage. Shortly before cleaning stop watering.

Ripe onions are dug out entirely after the dew has dried. A sunny day is perfect for harvesting. During the day, the bulbs should lie in the garden in the sun, this will allow them to dry well. In the evening, the onions should be removed to a dark, cool place with low humidity, laid out in one layer. From this moment, the drying process begins, which lasts up to 15 days.

You can determine the readiness of the onion by the neck of the onion, it must be dry enough. When the onions are well dried, you can trim the feathers. Good bulbs should be selected for storage without damage.

You can store family onions in boxes located in moderately warm rooms with low humidity.

Family onion varieties

Let's note the most popular among domestic gardeners family onion varieties:

• Old Believer. Bred in the Vologda region. The bulbs of this variety have a coppery pink tint. It has a lot of useful elements. The variety got its name due to the use of Old Believers for medical purposes. It is characterized by a relatively spicy taste.
• Velikoustyugsky. The variety is distinguished by rather large rounded bulbs. It has medium pungency.
• Knyazhich. This variety is characterized by elongated bulbs with pink flesh. Suitable for long-term storage.
• Prometheus. A large variety with a very mild flavor. Differs in increased productivity.
• Earring. Differs in yellow bulbs. It has a dense structure and a pungent taste.
• Albic. The bulbs are slightly flat. They have a weak pungency. The variety has a high yield of greens.
• Grant. The bulbs of this variety are bright yellow in color and have medium pungency.

Shallots and family onions

The question often arises whether there is a difference between the family onion and the onion called shallots. Those who put an equal sign between the two are wrong.

Shallot is a special perennial onion, which is characterized by its agricultural technology. In the first year, the formation of bulbs from seeds occurs. A shallot bulb resembles a head of garlic in structure, consists of individual cloves. After drying the shallots, the cloves disintegrate, in the second year they are planted. Already from these small shallots grow larger nests with more bulbs. Further reproduction occurs vegetatively for several years. Such features are peculiar only to shallots.

Family onions, unlike shallots, are more similar to common onions... It forms arrows, gives seeds, with which it multiplies.

Therefore, these completely different species should not be confused. The refined taste, which was appreciated by gourmets all over the world, is what gives the dishes exactly shallots.

By correctly following all the tips for growing family onions, you can get not only a good harvest of bulbs for winter storage, but also greens rich in vitamins. A detailed description of agricultural techniques will help to achieve the best results, and a photo of the harvest of the most successful gardeners will give an incentive to plant a family onion instead of the traditional onion.

Family onion varieties

Onions are one of the most common garden crops. When grown, many gardeners avoid planting family onions, claiming that they cannot produce a good harvest. However, this species has many advantages that can be decisive when choosing a variety of onions for planting. Let's get acquainted with the peculiarities of the culture, its varieties, the rules of cultivation, reproduction and storage.

Distinctive features of the family bow

Shallots are popular in many countries. His homeland is Asia Minor, from where he came to the Mediterranean. Now shallots are successfully cultivated in Western Europe, Ukraine and Moldova, in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

In different countries and regions, shallots are called differently: nesting onions, family onions, kuschevka, shrike. All names apply.

Shallot belongs to the onion species, but differs from it both in taste and in the shape of the bulb. A feature of the family onion is its multi-priming, that is, from 3 to 20 heads are formed in one nest, as well as feathers that are thinner than that of onions, and have a weak waxy coating. Among the main advantages of the shallot are the following:

• the ability to form several commercial bulbs in one nest;
• significant resistance to putrefactive and fungal diseases;
• short growing season;
• good drought resistance;
• high taste indicators of greens and heads;
• excellent transportability and shelf life.

In the nest of shallots, from 3 to 20 heads are formed

The best varieties of family onions

More than 50 varieties of shallots are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in the Russian Federation. They differ in terms of ripening, taste, size and shape of the bulbs, and other parameters.

Table: description and characteristics of the most popular shallots

Photo gallery: shallot varieties

Growing features

Family onions are not a demanding culture, but without a certain amount of attention and adherence to some rules, a good harvest cannot be obtained.

Soil preparation

Shallots are preferably planted in fertile, neutral acidic land. Compliance with crop rotation is a prerequisite for a good harvest and prevention of onion diseases. The best crop precursors are legumes, carrots, beets, cabbage, and potatoes. During the autumn digging, humus (half a bucket per m2), superphosphate (1 tablespoon per m2) and potassium salt (0.5 tablespoons per m2) must be added to the areas intended for planting onions. Onions will respond well to the pre-planting application of ammonium nitrate (1 tbsp. L. Per m2).

Landing dates

Shallots are a cold-tolerant plant. He is not afraid of recurrent spring frosts down to -6 ° C. The root system of family onions begins to develop intensively at temperatures from +2 ° C. For active feather growth, temperatures of +15 ° C are preferred.

When choosing the time of planting a plant, you need to take into account the data of a favorable temperature regime. It is best to plant shallots in April along with carrots. If you miss the deadline and carry out planting with excessively heated soil, then the active growth of the green part of the plant will immediately begin with insufficient development of the root system. And this will negatively affect the future harvest.

Experts do not recommend planting family bows in the fall, as most often this leads to their shooting.

Preparing onions for planting

Planting is done with medium-sized bulbs. To get a harvest of large family onions, you should seriously approach the preparation of planting material. It includes the following steps:

1. The planting bulbs are cleaned of the upper scales, since various pathogens can be hidden under them.
2. Etched for 20 minutes in a solution of copper sulfate (1 tablespoon per bucket of water) or in a pink solution of potassium permanganate. After that, the onions are rinsed with clean water.

   Processing onions in a solution of potassium permanganate before planting in the spring helps to protect the plant from diseases and pests

3. Soak for 10 hours in a solution of complex fertilizer. This will allow the onion to return partially lost moisture during storage and replenish nutrient stores. Before soaking, it is recommended to trim the dry neck and bottom of the onion to clean white scales.

   

   The bottom and dry neck of the bulb are cut to clean white scales

4. Cut the planting onions in half. There will be fewer buds in each half, but as a result, the bulbs in the nest will grow larger.

   The incision is made in the center of the bulb so that there are fewer primordia in the planting material.

5. Prepared bulbs are germinated. They are placed in containers, covered with a lid or plastic wrap and taken out into a cool room until roots are 3-5 mm long.

Video: cutting the bottom and cutting the planting onions

Landing scheme

The planting material is planted in furrows about 5 cm deep. The distance between them is 20 cm. The furrows are sprinkled with humus, powdered with ash, spilled with water and the bulbs are planted in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 15-30 cm from each other. The choice of distance between the bulbs depends on the variety. Large-fruited varieties (Debut, Yashma, Berezovsky aristocrat) require a maximum distance, when planting a medium-fruited family onion, it can be reduced.

An underestimated distance between the bulbs will result in a smaller crop.

The bulb is carefully, trying not to damage the sprouted roots, buried in the ground so that its upper edge is about 2 cm sprinkled with earth. Crops of onions are mulched with cut grass, leaves, sawdust. Mulch prevents the growth of weeds and helps to retain moisture.

Video: effective planting of family onions

Family onion care

A good harvest of shallots can be obtained by timely watering, loosening the soil, properly feeding and forming a nest.

Watering and loosening

If the planting is carried out at the optimal time, then the onions are not watered until the feather reaches 10 centimeters. In such conditions, the root system of the plant develops well. Then the soil is moistened once a week (15 liters of water per m2). Watering is stopped in July about a month before harvesting, since excess moisture provokes the growth of new leaves instead of drying them out and forming dry scales on the bulbs.

Loosening of the soil under onion plantings is carried out after each soil moistening.

Top dressing

If, during the autumn digging, the beds for onions were high-quality filled with humus and mineral fertilizers, then summer dressing can be omitted. In this case, experts recommend adding ammonia (30 g per bucket of water) to the water for irrigation (once every two weeks). Its smell repels onion flies and other pests, serves as additional food for the plant. Planting on depleted soils requires the following fertilizing:

1. Urea or urea (30 g per 10 l of water) + potash fertilizers (15 g per 10 l of water). This dressing is carried out at the 3-leaf stage.
2. Potassium monophosphate (15 g per 10 L of water). Top dressing is carried out after 5 leaves appear on the plant.

Supporters of organic fertilizing are recommended to use slurry (1 glass per bucket of water), herbal infusion (1 liter of infusion per bucket of water), wood ash, which can be used to pollinate plantings.

All top dressing must be carried out in cloudy weather, watering the plantings at the root, being careful not to get solutions on the leaves. The next day after feeding, the plants are watered with clean water.

Nest formation

By mid-June, the number of bulbs forming in the nest can be clearly seen. This is the optimal time to influence the head size. The largest turnip is obtained from a nest of 3-5 bulbs, so it is recommended to carefully remove excess bulbs. They do this with caution: they hold the nest with one hand, and with the other they separate and remove the middle rudiments from the ground. They can be eaten, used for canning, frozen.

The largest shallots are obtained from a nest of 3-5 onions

Video: agrotechnology of shallots from planting to storage

Protection from pests and diseases

A distinctive feature of the family onion is its resistance to putrefactive and fungal diseases. A much greater danger for him is represented by such garden pests as onion fly, onion hoverfly, onion moth and bear.

Onion fly

The onion fly poses the greatest threat to culture. The departure of the pest begins in the second half of May. The fly lays eggs between onion leaves or in cracks in the soil next to plants. The larvae appear about a week after laying the eggs. They enter the bulb through the leaves or bottom and gnaw through large cavities inside. The heads rot, onion feathers turn yellow and wither. If such an onion is taken out of the ground, it will smell unpleasant and white larvae will be found inside it.

Preventive measures to combat the pest are observance of crop rotation, planting shallots next to carrots, which release phytoncides that repel onion flies. Resistance to this pest is achieved by early planting: by the beginning of the insect's departure, the onion will get strong enough, coarse and due to this it will be less susceptible to damage.

It is recommended to mulch the onion beds with peat, tobacco dust or ash. This procedure must be carried out at the beginning of the fly's flight and repeated after 7–8 days. After harvesting, the remains of the tops, damaged bulbs must be destroyed.

The same measures are used to control pests such as onion hoverfly and onion moth.

Medvedka

A bear can cause great harm to crops. By laying tunnels close to the soil surface, this insect damages the roots of the plant. It multiplies quickly, and if measures are not taken in time, it can spread throughout the entire site.

They fight her with traps. These can be heaps of manure spread on boards or pieces of plywood. Medvedka climbs into them, lays eggs. Periodically (once every 2 weeks) the baits are burned, replacing them with new ones. Medvotox is also effective. The granules are laid out in shallow grooves around the beds. They are covered with earth and watered abundantly. The smell of the drug attracts insects, which die a few hours after eating the pellet.

Photo gallery: onion pests

Harvesting

Harvesting family onions can be started after about half of the feathers have faded. This happens by the end of July. If you skip the harvest time, then the already ripe bulbs will begin to absorb excess moisture from the soil, their growth process will be activated, and the rest period will accordingly be disrupted. And this will have a bad effect on the storage of the crop.

Shallot harvesting is best done on a sunny day. The dug up bulbs are left in the sun to dry well. In the evening, they are removed to a cool, dry, darkened room and left to dry for 2 weeks. During this time, the neck of the bulbs should become dry. To keep the onion well, it is better not to cut off the feather and roots, but give them time to dry naturally.

Store shallots in a cool, moderately humid environment. As containers for storage, boxes, wicker baskets, fabric bags, nets for vegetables, nylon stockings are used. It is convenient to store onions in bundles or onion braids. This method is effective as it provides air access to each bulb. They are ventilated and practically do not touch each other, which significantly reduces the risk of decay. Onion plaits take up little space, it is easy to inspect them and remove the onion that has begun to deteriorate in time. Beautifully woven bundles can also be used as room decor.

Video: how to knit a bow correctly

Reproduction of family onions

Family onions are most often propagated vegetatively - by bulbs. But long-term use of this method leads to the degeneration of the variety. Therefore, periodically, once every five to six years, it is necessary to update the planting material by growing onions from seeds.

For high-quality seed formation in the peduncle, it takes 40 to 60 days

It is quite difficult to get high-quality onion seeds at home, so it is better to purchase them in specialized stores. Getting planting bulbs from seeds consists of the following steps:

1. Germination of seeds. To do this, they are placed in a tissue bag and immersed in a container with water at room temperature. They are kept in water for about 2 days, periodically (3-4 times a day) taking out and rinsing with running water.
2. Dry the seeds before planting.
3. Sowing of seeds is carried out in late April - early May in shallow (up to 3 cm) grooves. Sprinkle the seeds with peat or compost on top. Seed beds require careful and constant watering.
4. In August, a medium-sized onion will ripen, which, when dried, will disintegrate into several small ones.
5. The next year, small onions are planted for vegetative propagation.

Features of growing family onions in different regions

Unlike onions, all shallots included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements do not have a region of admission. Therefore, the planting dates should be attributed to the peculiarities of growing family onions in different regions. If for central Russia, spring planting is recommended in late April - early May, then for the West Siberian, East Siberian and Far Eastern regions, these dates can be shifted to the second half of May, and for the southern regions, planting in March - early April will be optimal.

In addition, when choosing a variety, it is important to take into account the ripening time. For example, late and mid-late family onions may not have time to mature in high quality in the northern regions.

Advice and feedback from gardeners

Following the advice on agrotechnics for growing family onions will help you get rich vitamin greens and an excellent turnip crop for winter storage.

My name is Ludmila. Higher education, graduated from the Minsk Institute of Culture. I live in Belarus.