Best Red Grape

Among the wide variety of grape varieties, it is sometimes very difficult to choose the most suitable one, which would be perfectly acclimatized in certain latitudes, and also have excellent taste. Let's try to figure out which plant variety is right for you.

Red grape varieties

Red grapes are divided into table and technical. The first type is suitable for raw consumption, while the second option is mainly used for making wines.

Also, plants are divided into early maturing, late maturing and mid-maturing.

Cabernet Sauvignon

This technical variety was developed in the 17th century in France, in the province of Bordeaux. The wines from this grape have delicate properties, the color of the drink is ruby.

Merlot

Has no less popularity than Cabernet Sauvillon. This grape was also bred in France. The main difference between wines is softness without astringency. Unlike the above-described grapes, the drink made from this berry is quick-ripening.

Pinot Noir

This variety is one of the oldest, as it appeared in the 14th century in Italy. It is from this grape that the famous Burgun wines are made, which are distinguished by their strength and acidity. Growing Pinot Noir is very difficult and not possible in all climates.

Sira or Shiraz

First grown in France, this grape is today native to Italy, Austria, South America, Africa and the United States. The wines from Syrah are characterized by a dark shade and increased strength.

Tempranillo or Tonto Fino

World famous Spanish variety. Alcoholic drinks are distinguished by dark colors and velvety taste with chocolate and berry flavor. Such wines have a long shelf life, and their taste manifests itself over time.

Nebbiolo

The variety was developed in the 14th century in Italy. Mainly used to create delicate dessert wines. Grapes are picky about soil, climate and humidity. The wine is characterized by a tart taste, cherry aroma with notes of violets and black liquorice.

Pinotage

Wine from this technical variety is distinguished by astringency, fruity flavor, velvety and depth of taste. It is used for the preparation of dessert, sparkling and spirits, as well as port.

Malbec

First grown in Argentina.The variety itself is not particularly suitable for winemaking, but this grape perfectly complements the taste of wine from other varieties. This is why it is so often mixed with some technical varieties.

It is also worth highlighting such technical grape varieties as Zinfandel and Carmenere.

ZinfandelCarmenere

Table grape varieties

Unlike wine varieties, table plants are not suitable for making wines by their properties.

The early varieties of grapes for consumption are as follows.

Delight red

The berry is large, the bunches grow up to 700 grams. The peel of the plant is thin, the berries are sweet, fleshy. The bushes are of medium height, and the percentage of fruitful shoots is about 60%. On average, 15 bunches ripen on one vine. Plus the variety - it is resistant to disease.

Red kishmish

This variety is a hybrid. The berries are sweet and quite large in size. The weight of one bunch can exceed 600 g. The grapes are characterized by a special nutmeg taste. The variety perfectly withstands frost, so no shelter is needed.

Kokur red

It features tall bushes and a large annual harvest. One bunch reaches 200 g. The berries are not as fleshy as in previous varieties, but rather large. In total, there are about 70% of the fruitful lashes. Grows well in the middle latitudes of Russia and the north of Ukraine.

It is also worth highlighting such early varieties:

• Codryanka;
• Sofia;
• Laura;
• Transformation;
• Arcadia;
• Aleshenkin;
• Anniversary;
• Libya;
• Augustine;
• Victor;
• Timur;
• Veles;
• Victoria;
• Monarch.

There are also super-early varieties, for example, Crystal, which bears fruit already on day 115, Magarach (does not tolerate frost at all), Jupiter and Cardinal. On the 125th day, the Ladysh variety bears fruit.

The best grape varieties for wine

Good wine can be made from many varieties of grapes, but a truly divine drink is obtained only from the berries of the next plant.

Chardonnay variety

Depending on the technology of preparation, the drink can have a different taste, for example, light with a delicate aroma of flowers or sugary with a honey flavor. Experienced winemakers claim that this variety will not make bad wine.

This grape belongs to the early varieties, so you can get the first harvest after 140 days. It is also worth considering the resistance of grapes to external adverse factors.

Bianca grape variety

This white variety originated in Hungary. It is used to prepare wines, ranging from semi-sweet desserts to dry ones. In addition, cognac alcohol and grape vodka are made from such grapes.

Bianca is an early variety, very soft and juicy.

Variety Regent

This grape, originally from Germany, has a deep purple color. Differs in juiciness and productivity.

Saperavi grape variety

This variety is late, the berries are characterized by a dark blue color with a waxy bloom and juiciness. The wine is obtained with some rough taste, there are aromas of dried fruits and raspberries with a long aging (more than five years).

Piano Noir, which is described above, is also perfect for wine.

Medium grape varieties

• Kishmish Radiant: has pinkish fruits of normal or large size, the bunch reaches 40 cm, but usually is 20-25 cm long. The weight of one bunch is up to 600 g. The variety is not able to withstand severe winters and is not resistant to diseases.
• Kesha: fruits ripen in 130 days, the bush has a high yield. The grapes are weighty (about 12 grams), and the weight of the bunch can reach 1 kg. The variety is able to withstand cold temperatures up to 23 ° C, as well as to carry some diseases.
• Gift to Zaporizhzhia: also differs in the average period of fruit formation. The weight of the brush reaches 900 g, the berry is sweet, green in color.
• Nadezhda AZOS: ripens at the end of August, does not differ in sweetness, color - indigo. The weight of one bunch is up to 600 g.
• Great: differs in oblongness and decent weight of berries (about 15 g). Color - black and garnet.More than 10 kg can be harvested from a bush. The variety is well resistant to diseases, which cannot be said about frost.
• Lydia: is a technical grade. Does not differ in weighty berries or large clusters. Lydia is pinkish-red in color. 120 kg of berries can be harvested from a hundred square meters of a vineyard.
• Original: one of the most productive varieties. The fruits ripen in 115 days. The bunch is solid - up to 700 g. Color - pink-amber. The berries are sweet and have a decent weight. "Original" is not resistant to diseases.
• Mascot: This grape is able to survive both cold and disease. It takes 137 days to ripen. The variety has problems with self-pollination, so an additional one will not interfere. It does not differ in large bunches, but the weight of an individual berry reaches 16 grams.
• Senator: characterized by a large bunch, which reaches 728 g. Berries are dark red, up to 12 grams, quite fleshy. The variety tolerates winters well, but is not extremely disease resistant.
• Amursky: technical variety with medium dark blue grapes. It tolerates frosts down to -33 ° С, it is not resistant to diseases.
• Rizamat: great for making raisins and eating raw. The bunches are large enough, the size of the grapes can reach 14 grams. The variety does not tolerate frost and diseases.
• Lowland: is a dessert grape. The bunch reaches 720 grams, and one berry - 12 g. It tolerates cold up to -24 ° C, and is also able to fight diseases.
• Chocolate: suitable for raw consumption, matures in 135 days. The weight of the bunch reaches 1.2 kg, which is a pretty decent figure. The variety is resistant to frost and disease.
• Strashensky: a dessert variety that is not able to fight possible diseases. However, it is distinguished by its decent size: the mass of a bunch can be more than one and a half kilograms. Good winter hardiness (tolerates frosts down to -24 ° C).
• Ataman: also differs in the size of the bunch (up to 1200 g), as well as berries (up to 16 g). The variety tolerates frosts well, which cannot be said about diseases.
• Alpha: technical grapes. The weight of the hand is one and a half kilograms. It perfectly tolerates diseases and frosts.
• Citron Magaracha: this variety cannot boast of a large weight (the bunch is no more than 500 grams), but it is resistant to external factors, including diseases.
• Autonius the Great: the weight is quite impressive - up to 1300 grams. The weight of one berry varies up to 12 grams. Little information is available regarding cold tolerance and disease.
• Bogatyanovsky: ripens at the end of August. Brushes reach 1200 g, and grapes - 12 grams. Able to tolerate frosts down to -23 ° C, but still requires shelter. Also, the variety is resistant to decay.
• Levokumsky: a technical grape that ripens for 133 days. The bunch is relatively small - up to 200 grams. Differs in resistance to frost and disease.
• Lancelot: has huge clusters (up to 3 kilograms, but this is rare). The berries are fleshy, with a honey flavor. It tolerates external influences well.

Non-covering grape varieties

Juodupe variety

The variety was bred by Gailunas from Lithuania. It is an early grape - it ripens in 100 days. Differs in small clusters (up to 140 grams), as well as resistance to low temperatures and diseases.

Buffalo

The variety has American roots, derived from the grapes "Herbert" and "Watkins". Medium bunches (about 500 g). This grape gives a relatively large yield, tolerates diseases well.

Early pineapple

It was bred by a Kiev resident Kondratsky by crossing the varieties "Pineapple" and "Pearl Sabo". Weakly susceptible to disease.

Outdoor furniture-390

This variety was also bred by the Ukrainian Kondratsky, crossing "Lydia" and "Pearl of Sabo". The weight of one berry reaches 5 g, the clusters are medium.

Rogachevsky variety

This grape was bred by a breeder from Belarus Rogachev. In another way it is called "Graceful". Ripens in 110 days. The weight of one bunch reaches 300 g.

Outdoor furniture-878

In a different way it is called "Gentle".Grown by Kondratsky from the varieties "Wilder" and "Pearl Sabo". The bunches are medium - up to 400 grams, the berries are quite sweet. The grapes ripen in early August.

Lucille variety

Differs in small clusters (about 200 g), as well as special frost tolerance. These grapes are great for making jam and the like, while the aroma is lost when making wine.

Noah

It has very small berries (up to 2 grams) of green color, but the variety gives a lot of yield. This grape is especially common in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.

Ontario

Bred in New York by crossing "Diamond" and "Winchel". It has an excellent taste, but an average yield. It tolerates frost and disease well.

Non-covering variety Poklinkton

It spread throughout the USSR from Ukraine, where, in turn, O.K. Antonov. The variety is originally from France. The weight of one berry is up to 5 grams. The variety can withstand severe frosts, down to -30 ° C. Also slightly affected by mildew.

Lyubava

This grape has already been bred in Russia from "Delight" and "Delaware pink". The weight of the bunch is decent - over 500 grams. Ripens at the end of August. The variety is able to withstand temperatures as low as -28 ° C. Almost not affected by diseases.

Seneca

He is of American origin. Derived from the varieties "Ontario" and "Lignan Blanche". After planting, slow growth is observed, but over time it recovers. The weight of the brush reaches 250 grams, and the weight of an individual berry is 5 grams. The variety is slightly affected by mildew, tolerates significant cold snaps well.

Pink grape varieties

• "Angelica": has a pleasant tasting berry with a thick skin. Withstands frosts down to -23 ° С, resistant to gray rot and parasites.
• "Dogwood Taifi": intended more for fresh consumption. Able to tolerate mild frosts, moderately resistant to diseases.
• "Transfiguration": juicy variety, ripens in the first half of August. Poorly tolerates frost and disease.
• "Pink nutmeg": breeding form with the variety Kishmish and Talisman. It perfectly tolerates powdery mildew, mold and cold.
• "Pink raisins": Delicate taste, pitted.
• "Pink peach": the weight of the bunch reaches 1.2 kg, is characterized by a sweet taste and dense skin. Resistant to frost.
• "Original": copes well with diseases (mildew, gray rot) and tolerates frosts down to -23 ° C.
• "Gurzuf pink": bred as a result of crossing Magarach and Muscat. It tolerates light frosts (down to -19 ° C) and some diseases (powdery mildew, rot).
• "Pink Timur": obtained by crossing Red Delight and Timur. It is an early variety, resistant to frost, diseases and parasites.

Black grape varieties

• "Agiorgitiko": This grape is native to Greece. It can be used both for food and for making wines. Not resistant to disease and frost.
• "Aramon": the weight of the bunch reaches a kilogram, the size of one grape is about 2 cm in diameter. Medium resistant to disease and cold.
• Buffalo: perfectly tolerates winters, diameter of berries - up to 1.5 cm, weight - about 50 g. Grows best in southern regions.
• "Alicante Boucher": technical black grape variety. Does not tolerate frost, as well as diseases.
• "Bastardo": also a technical grade, the berries are tasty and large. Grows well in Ukraine and southern Russia.
• "Baga": wine variety of black grapes, medium bunch, sufficiently resistant to fungal diseases and frosts down to -22 ° С.
• "Muscat of Hamburg": suitable for raw consumption and wine making. The bunches are medium (about 250 grams). Grows best in warm latitudes.
• "Bruskam": technical grade with medium-sized clusters. It tolerates frost and disease very well. The berries are small.
• "Festival": an early variety that tolerates frosts down to -26 ° C. The bunches are medium in size, the berries are small.

White grape varieties

Below are the best white grape varieties.

Grape varieties: video

Some gardeners manage to make wine from almost every available grape variety. However, the technology of wine production involves the use of certain varieties of culture, filled with a whole bunch of aromas. The most popular white and blue wine varieties are discussed in this article.

The best wine grape varieties

The grapes from which juices and wine are made are called technical. The characteristic of the bunches looks modest in comparison with the table species:

• medium to small size with densely packed fruits;
• the average weight of the hand is 120-150 grams;
• high content of juice (75-85% by weight of the berry);
• the sugar content index exceeds 18%.

Wine grapes bear fruit well and consistently. This is facilitated by the increased resistance of plants to fungal infections and pest attacks. Next, we will find out which variety is best suited for winemaking.

The best white varieties for winemaking

Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a world-famous technical grade of Western European origin. It is not possible to thoroughly find out the pedigree, but there is an opinion that the variety appeared thanks to the crossing of Pinot noir and Gue blanc.

Berries are processed to produce wines with different flavor notes and fruity aromas. Also, part of the harvest is annually sent for the manufacture of wine materials, which are subsequently used as a champagne flavor enhancer.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• the bush is medium-sized, although strong-growing lashes are also found;
• the growing season lasts 130-140 days;
• flowers are bisexual, which ensures good pollination;
• conical clusters are loose, weight reaches 900-1000 grams;
• white-green berries are set off with a golden tint;
• fruit shape - rounded slightly elongated;
• grape weight - 12-15 gr., each contains 2-3 seeds;
• sugar content - 18% with an acidity of 8-12 g / l;
• yield - 8-12 t / ha;
• the culture is frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures up to minus 20 °.

Chardonnay tolerates drought, with an excess of humid environment, the fruits can rot. Resistance to mildew and powdery mildew is moderate.

Chardonnay variety

Bianca

Wine material from Bianchi has an unrivaled taste with notes of vanilla and almonds. For the production of table, semi-sweet and other wines, blending with other juices with a low sugar content is used. This helps to avoid the sweetness that is characteristic of this grape.

The grape was bred in Hungary, the parents are Villars Blanc and Chasselas Bouvier.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• early ripening, growing season - 110-120 days;
• medium-sized bush;
• cylindrical brushes, weight 90-120 gr .;
• fruits are small and medium, weight 1.5 g .;
• the shape of the berries is round, slightly elongated, the color is greenish-yellow;
• the skin is thin, the taste is harmonious, filled with a bouquet of aromas;
• the crop does not lose its presentation on the vine after the onset of full maturity;
• sugar content - 20-28% with an acidity of 7-9 g / l;
• there is a high resistance to mildew, gray rot, oidium, tolerance to phylloxera;
• frost resistance - up to minus 27 °.

Bianca on the vine does not lose its appearance even after full maturation

Muscat

Medium-early ripening muscat with a growing season of 130-140 days. Muscat is one of the oldest varieties originating from Syria, Arabia and Egypt. The peculiarity of the culture is the ability to accumulate a high level of sugar (up to 25% with an acidity of 6.5-7 g / l).

A brief description of:

• medium-sized bush;
• the weight of a conical bunch is 100-450 grams;
• berries sit tightly on the brush, the weight of one is on average 4 grams;
• the taste is saturated with nutmeg;
• yield - 66-109 c / ha;
• disease resistance is low.

Excellent marketability and taste outweighs poor survival in adverse climatic conditions.Grapes immediately react to a lack of moisture and its excess, is not resistant to low temperatures, and requires potassium dressing.

Muscat close up

Sauvignon Blanc

The variety was obtained by crossing Chenin Blanc and Taminer. Thanks to its excellent taste, balance of sugar and acidity, grapes are recognized all over the world. The peculiarity of the culture is the timely harvest. When overripe, the berry loses its properties and taste, becomes unsuitable for winemaking.

A brief description of:

• growing season 130-135 days;
• bushes are medium-sized, but powerful enough with a developed root system;
• clusters of small size, weight is 75-120 grams;
• the berry is small, the color is greenish-white with a waxy coating (each contains 2-3 seeds);
• low yield;
• sugar content - 18-23% with an acidity of 6.7-11 g / l.

The culture shows weak resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold, tolerance to mildew. In growing conditions with high humidity, shedding of flowers is noted. Soils are preferable with the content of clayey interlayers, as well as gravel and sandy inclusions.

Sauvignon Blanc - the main thing is not to wait for the berries to ripen so as not to spoil the wine

Riesling

The variety, donated by nature itself, is considered the king in winemaking. High-quality wines are made from berries with excellent taste, which are filled with different notes and shades.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• dense clusters, weight 80-100 gr.;
• berries are yellow-green with a bluish tinge, weight 1.3-1.5 g., rounded shape;
• the skin is dense, but thin;
• frost resistance up to minus 20 °;
• full ripening of fruits occurs in October-November;
• sugar content 18% with acidity 9-11 g / l;
• disease resistance is low.

Fruiting grapes on different soils, but land with lime content is more acceptable.

Riesling has low disease resistance

Pinot Blanc

The representative of the Pinot family is characterized by multifaceted taste, it is used to make still, sparkling and dessert wines. Burgundy is the birthplace of the plant, but today almost all European countries and other regions can boast of high yields.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• clusters of medium density weighing 85-150 grams;
• berries of a round shape, yellow-green color, weight 1.4-1.7 g;
• the average sugar content reaches 20%.

The peculiarity of the variety lies in the low content of acid and aromatic substances, as a result of which Pinot Blanc is recommended for making wine, which should be consumed by young people.

Ripening period Pinot Blanc - 150 days

What are the best varieties for red wine

Pinot noir

Black fruitful grapes ripen in 141-151 days. There is no reliable information about the origin, but Traminer and Pinot Meunier are considered the likely parents. The bush is medium-sized with an unusual color of the lower leaves (green with a red tint). The flowers are bisexual, there are no problems with pollination. A bunch of small sizes, weighing 66-120 grams, the shape is often cylindrical. The berry has a pleasant taste, colorless juice, balanced sugar content. Its shape is round, the color is dark blue.

The yield of Pinot Noir is 50-60 c / ha. The plant is vulnerable to phylloxera, tolerance to gray rot, powdery mildew is manifested.

Grapes develop poorly on flat and low relief.

Pinot noir is vulnerable to phylloxera and gray rot

Saperavi

A very old Georgian grape variety with dark blue berries. Saperavi vegetation period is 150-160 days, harvesting begins in late September - early October. The bush is beautifully hung with wide-conical bunches with small grapes, the weight of one is 90-100 gr. The berry is very juicy with a harmonious taste, its weight barely exceeds 1 g. Each contains 2-3 seeds.

The plant has a weak resistance to mildew, oidium, at high humidity it is affected by gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it is less likely to be damaged by a leafworm.

The yield of Saperavi is 90-110 kg / ha. The culture is frost-resistant, survives the winter without shelter at a temperature not exceeding -20 °.

Saperavi is a frost-resistant variety

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon berries are very juicy with a balanced taste, shaded by a hint of currant. The variety was bred in France, but is now cultivated in many countries of the world. Technical ripeness occurs in 143-165 days. The bunch has the shape of a cylinder, the weight is 70-80 grams. Each berry contains 1-3 seeds. The skin is dark blue in color of medium density, which ensures good preservation and transportability of the fruit.

Productivity - 55-60 c / ha. There is an increased resistance of the culture to mildew and gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it resists phylloxera, leafworm attacks better.

Cabernet Sauvignon is ideal for winemaking

Cabernet Franc

Technical ripeness occurs in 145-160 days. The unusual taste of berries is filled with different notes, in which you can feel raspberries and blackberries. Cylindrical bunches have a dark blue color, the weight does not exceed 70-90 grams. The yield is low (35-40 c / ha), but this is compensated by the good resistance of the plant to mildew, phylloxera.

Cabernet Franc variety

Merlot

The Merlot variety was bred in France, the intended parents are Cabernet Franc, crossed with Magdalene and Noir de Charente. Bunches of medium size and density, have a dark blue color with a characteristic waxy bloom, weighing 110-150 grams. The taste is balanced with a touch of nightshade.

The grapes ripen in 152-164 days. The plant shows average resistance to powdery mildew, phylloxera, mildew. Frost resistance - up to minus 15-17 °.

Merlot has medium frost resistance and can withstand temperatures down to -15

Sangiovese

Italian thermophilic technical grape with a vegetation period of 145-160 days... The bushes are medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual, the clusters are cylindrical of medium density, weighing up to 100 grams. There are many clones that have slightly different parameters of the berries (0.7 - 1.3 grams). The flavor of the fruit, saturated with different notes, adds sophistication to any drink.

Heat-loving Sangiovese variety

Syrah

The variety is resistant to cold and high temperatures, but does not tolerate strong winds and drought. Taste qualities meet the requirements for technical varieties of grapes, however, it cannot boast of a high yield (30 c / ha). The juice of the fruits of mature plants is saturated with a beautiful dark purple hue and density. Fruit ripening period is 145-158 days. The weight of the shirokokonicheskaya bunch is within 80-120 gr.

Syrah is very capricious to weather conditions and requires a lot of light and heat.

late-ripening Syrah grapes

Carmenere

The grape belongs to the old French varieties with a growing season of 152-165 days. Currently, it is widely cultivated mainly in Chile, it is considered the pride of the country. The bushes of the plant are vigorous, the bunch can be in the form of a cylinder, wide-conical and shapeless, the weight is 75-100 grams.

A medium-sized berry barely weighs 1 g, but the pulp is very tasty, sweet, but without sugary. The beautiful dark purple color makes it possible to produce wines from pink to dark in color.

Carmenere is very sensitive to weather conditions, cold, shows low resistance to diseases. However, the grapes survived the phylloxer.

French Carmenere

Mourvedre

A late-ripening plant native to Spain. The bushes are well developed, have a strong vine and root system. Leaves are medium in size with a characteristic three-lobed shape. Dark blue berries are often rounded, but can take on a slightly oval shape, the parameters are average.Productivity with low irrigation is up to 60 kg / ha, but with regular irrigation it can increase significantly. The bunches are formed in the form of a cone or cylinder, the berries are tightly pressed against each other.

The culture has a weak resistance to fungal infections, but it tolerates prolonged drought rather tolerably, and high requirements are not imposed on the type of soil when planting.

Dense Mourvèdre berry

Grenache

A versatile variety, but most often the fruit is used to make grapes and juice. The variety is one of the most abundant on the planet due to the versatility of the vine. The grapes are very thermophilic, easily tolerate drought and heat. There are also no high requirements for the soil when planting seedlings. Productivity in dry conditions is high - up to 20 kg / ha. Features of berries: low acidity, juiciness, ruby ​​color, rich aroma.

Drought-resistant Grenache variety

Each variety has unique qualities that give the wine a unique shade and aroma. Before choosing a variety, it is necessary to clarify the compatibility of the wine material with juices of other varieties, then at home you can create an exquisite drink, and most importantly - an exclusive one, the taste of which will remain in your memory for a long time.

The real flourishing of winemaking began in ancient times, and now there is not a single country in which this craft is not engaged. For the production of wine, special varieties are used, called technical ones. When growing them, more attention is paid not to the appearance of the bunches, but to the chemical composition of the berries, which should contain a sufficient amount of sugars.

The best wine grape varieties

Each nation has its own preferences in the choice of wines, and in their production, varieties are used, especially typical for cultivation in a particular region. Red wines are considered more valuable in terms of useful properties, but they are grown exclusively in the southern regions and the middle lane. The colder the climate, the less common vineyards of red varieties, but white ones are more resistant to such growing conditions.

In technical varieties, berries can have different colors - white, pink, red and even black. It is she who gives the future wine an original color, and the smell of grapes brings a specific, easily recognizable aroma to the drink.

All wine varieties have small or medium-sized berries, with a thick skin and a high content of juice, which is fermented into a hoppy drink. The percentage of sugars accumulated in fruits is important, which are converted into ethyl alcohol in the process. The best varieties for making wine are those containing 20 percent or more of sugar.

The quality of wine depends on the growing conditions and the area in which the vineyards grow. These factors affect the juiciness of the berries.

For a good drink, it is important that the weight of the fruit in relation to the comb is low, and the juice content in the grapes reaches 85% of their weight.

The slightest deviations in these parameters and agricultural techniques will affect the quality of the juices. Therefore, from the same grape variety grown under different cultivation conditions, drinks are obtained with different tastes, which makes it possible to produce varieties of wines.

The most common wine varieties are Western European ones, some of which have taken root quite well in Russia. Often the so-called "international" varieties are preferred by domestic winegrowers in comparison with local ones, as drinks from them have gained worldwide popularity.

For red wine

Red wines are very popular because of their taste, amazing aroma and ability to invigorate. Of the grapes used in Russia, the following grape varieties are quite popular:

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon variety

Cabernet Sauvignon is a source of various types of red wines with intense colors and an interesting blend of aromas.The French variety is late-ripening, and has loose small clusters with round bluish-black berries. Sufficiently resistant to frost, phylloxera, rot and mildew.

"Pinot noir"

Pinot noir variety

A sweeter variety, originally from Burgundy, is Pinot Noir. The vine is very capricious to the growing conditions, but if you make an effort, you will end up with an amazing noble drink.

"Merlot"

Merlot variety

The "Merlot" variety is quite yielding, its large berries with thin skin give light wines of quick ripening. The low content of acids and tannin makes the drink slightly sweet, which makes it a "female" wines.

"Barbera"

Barbera variety

In the southern regions, the Italian grape variety "Barbera" is grown, whose dark berries have a pleasant sourness. They make strong, rich in taste and rich in aroma.

"Isabel"

Isabella variety

In many garden plots of domestic summer residents, you can see the Isabella variety, which belongs to the non-sheltering one, as it perfectly tolerates winter frosts. The vine is resistant to many diseases and unpretentious to growing conditions. In industry, this variety is used to enrich the taste of other types of rosé and red wines.

"Lydia"

Variety Lydia

Traditional in the domestic winemaking is the variety "Lydia", which has round-oval large berries of a pinkish-purple hue. Slightly slimy juicy pulp has a specific flavor. The variety is considered universal, as it is used not only for the production of wines, but also for food.

"Bastardo Magarachsky"

Variety Bastardo Magarachsky

"Bastardo Magarachsky" has conical-cylindrical clusters on which dark blue berries with a high sugar content develop. The variety belongs to medium late and gives large yields.

"Muscat"

Variety Muscat Hamburg

Among the "Muscats" one can distinguish red varieties - "Hamburg" and "Tairovsky", which have a high tasting rating. The juicy pulp of dark berries gives off a nutmeg aroma (hence the name of the species), which makes the drinks obtained from grapes pleasant enough to taste.

"Saperavi"

Saperavi variety

The beetroot-burgundy color is characteristic of the Saperavi grape juice, from which, along with the wine of the same name, Kindzmarauli is also made, which was once popular in the Soviet Union.

Dobrynya

Dobrynya variety

In the Moscow region, the red variety "Dobrynya" is actively cultivated, which differs from other technical varieties in large heavy berries.

"August"

August variety

This rich red wine is obtained from the Augusta variety, grown especially for the central regions of the country. The sugar content of berry juice reaches 23%.

"Odessa Black"

Variety Odessa black

The variety "Odessa Black" has small berries with a well-defined bluish bloom. From them, a fairly saturated juice is obtained, from which an intensely colored wine is made, which has an original thorny flavor. Although the frost resistance of the variety is relative, the yield is always stable and high.

"Rondo"

Rondo variety

The "Rondo" variety can be called a hybrid - it is a derivative of the crossing of the "Amurets" and "Pinot Sepage" varieties. Matte black berries with a thin skin have a pleasant rich taste, bringing a cherry tint to the future drink. Low acidity (9 g / l) and 22% sugar content make it possible to produce wines with a pronounced merlot character. The variety is quite fruitful, resistant to mildew and perfectly tolerates frosts down to -42 ° C (in shelter), which makes it possible to grow this grape in the northern regions of the country.

To get a red wine saturated with taste and aroma, you should pay attention to the intensity of the color of the berries. Lighter shades of red produce lighter drinks. The dark-gray fruits impart the astringency characteristic of the "male" types of wines.

White varieties

Despite the fact that white technical grape varieties are inferior in composition to red ones, their percentage of cultivation is higher, since they are more adapted to the harsh growing conditions. If in the southern regions any varieties take root well, then for the northern ones white grapes are a more acceptable option.

Among the popular varieties grown in Russia are the following.

"Chardonnay"

Chardonnay variety

Chardonnay is a fairly common variety in all regions, which is considered universal - many varieties of wines are made from it. The berries are quite saturated with sugars - up to 22 g per liter of juice, which is contained in grapes up to 74%. Therefore, winemakers use this variety not only to prepare dry wines, but also to improve the quality of Champagne. The taste properties of future drinks directly depend on the growing conditions of this grape variety. The characteristics of the soil and climate give the wine different aromas - peach, lemon, apple and even oak. The disadvantages of the variety include their poor resistance to fungal diseases and "dislike" for rain.

"White Muscat"

White Muscat variety

Especially appreciated among domestic winemakers "White Muscat", from which exquisite wines are obtained. Round, yellowish (almost waxy) berries of medium size are collected in dense clusters. This variety is quite thermophilic and has an average yield.

"Shasla"

Chassela variety

"Chassela", although it belongs to the table varieties, is quite popular in winemaking. The yellow-green, round berries with a waxy bloom have a golden hue, thin skin and flesh that melts in your mouth. The wines produced from this variety have received a high tasting rating due to the harmonious taste of the drink.

"Aligote"

Aligote variety

Among the early high-yielding varieties, one can distinguish the golden-white berries of the Aligote variety, which add a pleasant sourness to the future wine.

"Riesling"

Riesling variety

A little later, "Riesling" ripens with small greenish rounded berries. For him, the nature of the high yield, but not sufficient frost resistance for the northern regions.

"Rkatsiteli"

Rkatsiteli variety

Greenish-golden, as if "tanned" berries of medium-sized grapes "Rkatsiteli", although they ripen later, but give a good harvest with proper agricultural technology. The variety is relatively frost-resistant and able to resist rot.

"Friendship"

Druzhba variety

Among the superearly varieties, Druzhba, created by domestic breeders, stands out. In terms of quality and taste, it is somewhat reminiscent of the "Chassela" variety, and in terms of aroma it is closer to "Muscat". By the end of ripening, up to 21% of sugars accumulate in the berries, which makes it possible to make high-quality drinks from grapes. The variety is quite resistant to fungi and is able to withstand frosts down to -23 ° C, but so that the vine does not lose its properties, it is better to cover it for the winter.

The best grape varieties for the Moscow region

"Crystal"

Crystal variety

The white wine variety "Kristall", grown in Hungary, has taken root well in the south of Russia. The variety is quite problem-free - it is almost not susceptible to diseases, tolerates frost well and is unpretentious to the soil. But it needs an abundance of sun, so the bush requires frequent thinning. Berries accumulate up to 18% of sugars, and the minimum amount of pulp makes the fruits quite juicy. From "Kristall" aromatic light sherry is obtained.

Albiglio

Albiglio variety

In Crimea, Albillo variety is grown (along with others), which is used both as an independent raw material for making wine, and as an additional component that improves the taste of port wines.

"Citron Magaracha"

Citron variety Magaracha

Wine "Muscatel White" is obtained from the "Citronny Magaracha" variety, in which the sugar content in berries reaches 27%.

"Platovsky"

Variety Platovsky

Delicate table and dessert wines with the aroma of Muscat are obtained from the Platovsky variety.Despite their small size, the whitish-golden berries are quite juicy and saturated with sugars. This variety is characterized by high yields, frost resistance (withstands up to -29 ° C) and relative disease resistance.

"Odessa Muscat"

Muscat variety Odessa

Small amber-golden berries have a thin but firm skin. The variety "Muscat Odessa", despite the name, is grown not only in the southern regions, as it tolerates severe frosts well. Fruit juiciness and light Muscat aroma are ideal for the production of table and dessert white wines.

"Verdello"

Verdello variety

The "Verdello" grape variety came to the southern regions of the country from Portugal, from the island of Madeira. Golden berries are grown not only for the production of Madeira wines - the juice of this variety is included in the blend in the manufacture of fortified drinks and sherry.

Grape varieties for Central Russia

"Goruli Mtsvane"

Goruli Mtsvane variety

"Goruli Mtsvane" is an indigenous variety of Georgia - in Kakheti, the famous wine "Tsinandali" is made from it. But this variety is also used for the preparation of other table, dessert and sparkling wines, as well as cognac drinks.

The main grape varieties for wine production: video

When growing grapes of technical varieties, one should take into account that the correct fastening of the vines on vertical trellises will allow the berries to be saturated with the sun, from which the future wine will turn out to be truly exquisite.

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A bunch of ripe grapes, playing with poured berries, is easily compared to a work of art. It is difficult to find a person who would not like grapes in one form or another: raisins or fresh, in the form of wine or in a still life in a painting. All varieties of this wonderful berry are divided into technical (for making wines), table (for eating) and raisins (seedless or flat-seeded, also used for drying raisins). It is difficult to cover all varieties of grapes in one article, therefore today we will focus exclusively on red grapes. About what kinds of culture exist, where they are used and what is their peculiarity in the world of winemaking and cooking.

Ripe red grapes

General information about red grapes

Initially, red grapes are divided into two types relative to varieties:

• dining room;
• technical.

In turn, the varieties are also divided into subspecies:

• early maturing;
• late ripening;
• mid-season.

Technical

Saturated the ruby ​​color of the wine is obtained only from red grapes... This drink is called more complex and stronger than white or rosé wine. Although, of course, it all depends on the type of red grapes chosen. The characteristic aroma, color and astringency appears as a result of fermentation in grape juice of seeds and berry skins. The composition of the seeds of grape berries contains tannins, which give a tart aftertaste to red wine.

It is difficult to list all the varieties of red grapes that are used in winemaking, therefore we will remember only the best ones.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Delicious red wines are made from these grapes. The grapes originated in the seventeenth century in the French province of Bordeaux. Now Cabernet Sauvignon is grown in all wine-growing regions of the planet. In Europe, wines are thin and soft, while New World winemakers rely on rigor. The wines have a dense ruby ​​color, rich bouquet of aromas, medium acidity and tannins. This red grape is great for long aging wines.

Technical grape variety - Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

Another name, as popular among connoisseurs of a noble drink as Cabernet Sauvignon. Bred in France, but now grown in many countries. The taste of the drink is softer than that of wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, without a tart note. A drink made from Merlot grapes is classified as quickly ripening, but there are brands that are stored for a long time.The chemical composition of Merlot wine contains less tannin, more natural sugar and alcohol, and this is the best indicator.

Pinot Noir

Perhaps the oldest variety. Brought in the fourteenth century by the ancient Romans. The red Pinot Noir grape produces the finest Burgundy wines. In cultivation, capricious and delicate grapes. The ideal crop can only be harvested in Burgundy, in a hilly area called the Côte d'Or. I use Pinot Noir to create red wine, but its color is less intense than that of other types of culture. The composition of the drinks is characterized by a high alcohol content, acidity and a low amount of tannins.

Sira or Shiraz

Noble, widely used to make red wine. Homeland - the south of France, but cultivated in Italy, Australia, South America and Africa, in the USA. Syrah produces full, strong wines with a bouquet of subtle aromas of pepper, chocolate, currant, smoke and leather. Syrah wines are characterized by dark purple, almost black color. The chemical composition includes an increased amount of tannin, high acidity, alcohol strength.

Tempranillo or Tinto Fino

The famous red technical grade of Spain. Tempranillo wines have a dark color, velvety taste with hints of berries and chocolate. They are well stored and open over time. Tempranillo makes a strong wine in comparison with other Spanish ones.

The famous red technical grade of Spain - Tinto Fino

Nebbiolo

The grapes are native to Italy. Bred in the fourteenth century. Used to create fine dessert wines. He is capricious to soil, climate, humidity. Wines from Nebbiolo can differ from each other only because the vineyards are planted in different areas of the same country. The drink from this grape variety has a dark rich color, tart taste, cherry aroma with an admixture of violets and black liquorice. The alcohol and acid content of the wine is high. Young wine is tannin. However, it belongs to those wines that only get better over time.

Pinotage

The variety is native to South Africa. Wine made from Pinotage grapes is prized for its rich tart taste with a fruity note, velvety and depth. The color is deep dark red. Pinotage is used to make light dessert, deep and strong, sparkling wines, port.

Malbec

Grapes from Argentina. Added to main wine varieties to increase tannin and obtain a dark color. Differs in high acidity. This variety is not as common as the ones listed above, but the demand only grows every year.

The famous varieties of red grapes include the American Zinfandel, French Carmenere, and others. The quality of wine depends not only on the experience of the winemaker, but also on the region where the grapes grow, the ripening period of the vine (early, mid-late or late), the amount of tannin and fructose.

Grapes from Argentina - Malbec

Table varieties

Table grape varieties differ from technical ones in that they are consumed exclusively in their natural form. Table grapes contain antioxidants, acids, vitamins, trace elements and enzymes that contribute to the healing and rejuvenation of the human body. Varieties are distinguished by color (red, white, yellow, pink, blue), as well as by the ripening period:

• super early;
• very early;
• early;
• early medium;
• average;
• medium late;
• very late.

The quality of the grapes is determined by the level of sugar and acid, the size of the brush and berries (small, medium or large), the thickness of the skin, and the quality of the pulp. These parameters depend not only on the variety of a particular grape, but also on the cultivation technique. Below are the popular and delicious home garden varieties.

Early grade Delight red

Red grapes with large loose clusters up to 700 g. The berry is pink and red, large or very large, oval or ovoid. The rind is thin. The sugar content of these grapes is up to 23%, the acidity is not higher than 8 g / l.The fruits are fleshy, juicy, with a pleasant taste. Bushes of medium height, fruiting shoots about 60% of the total. Up to 15 bunches of grapes fully ripen on the vine. Resistant to diseases of gray mold, mildew, powdery mildew.

Red grapes - Delight red

Red kishmish

Hybrid early variety. Brushes of a pronounced cylindro-conical shape, not loose, large, each weighing up to 600 g. Berries grow large, after ripening they become juicy and dense. The taste is pleasant, with a nutmeg note. Medium density skin. High-yielding grapes. The variety withstands winter frosts well, no need to cover. Not susceptible to mildew diseases.

Kokur red

An early variety that gives a high yield every year. Bushes develop tall. The bunch of grapes is medium in size, not loose, but not dense either. The weight of the brush reaches 200 g. The variety is not small, the berries are oval, the color is dark red, closer to purple. Sugar level 20%, acidity not more than 6 g / l. 60-70% of the lashes are fruitful, but the number of brushes on the shoot is not large. It grows well in the middle latitudes of Russia and in the north of Ukraine.

Mid-season grade Ichkimar

Uzbek variety, regarded as early or mid-season. The bushes are very vigorous. Grape clusters are large, long, with medium density, conical in shape, weighing up to half a kilogram. The color of the berry is deep red. Large - up to 30 mm in length, oblong. The pulp is firm. Sweet. Ingredients: 20% sugar, 4 g / l acids. Loves moisture.

Frankenthal

The variety is more greenhouse or for cultivation in the south of Crimea. The brushes are large and dense, conical in shape. The berries are more than average, the color is red, almost black. The rind is firm. The bush does not grow very tall. When grown in a greenhouse, it lends itself to mildew.

Frankenthal table grapes

Late varieties Jubilee of Moldova

Resistant to pests and common diseases. The bush is weak. The cluster is medium in size, has a cylindrical shape, the brush is often loose. The berries are poured round, large, bright red. With a thin skin. The pulp is juicy, sweet, with a musky aroma. The variety does not belong to winter hardy, but the fruits are keeping quality. Anniversary of Moldova is prone to spider mite disease.

It is customary to divide table varieties according to the method of consumption: local, export, for storage. The grapes are evaluated on a 10-point scale by the tasting method and by their external characteristics.

There are not as many red table grapes as there are white, yellow or blue ones. But their taste value does not decrease from that. It is safe to say that these are the best grape varieties in terms of technical application and table.

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