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Since time immemorial, grapes have been read as an exquisite, tasty and healthy fruit. For the first time mankind started to grow it. Now the seedlings of such a plant easily take root in all kinds of territories of the world. Kishmish grapes are not an exception, the variety of which allows the product to be used in many industries (for making wine, jam, fruit drinks, etc.).
Rylines pink seedlings - American variety of raisins
History of origin
The grape is a perennial plant. Until now, no one knows when and where the cultivation of this plant with exquisite fruits began. Scientists claim that the fruit began to grow 60,000 BC, because all kinds of wines were served at the Egyptians' feasts, which means the presence of winemaking at that time.
Over the centuries, grapes have attracted human attention, grown in all kinds of corners of the earth, where there were suitable conditions for this. This is a plant to which poems, legends, songs, proverbs and sayings are dedicated. If you believe one legend, then during the worldwide flood, when humanity perished, and Noah and his family were saved on the ark, he became the ancestor of a new generation and gave people grapes.
According to legend, Noah landed on Mount Ararat and released a goat ashore, which went in search of food. She found a miracle - a climbing bush with juicy leaves. When the goat ate enough leaves, it got drunk, bleated, jumped and butted. Noah became interested in this plant and made a plantation. According to legend, the Transcaucasia and the Mediterranean countries became the birthplace of grapes.
The grapes were created by natural mutation through vegetative propagation. Later, due to selection, many varieties with developed seeds appeared. Every year, such grapes are popular, as they contain many vitamins and minerals.
According to the legend, having descended Mount Ararat, Noy found grapes there.
Variety
The best varieties of berries:
- Moldavian.
- Radiant.
- Hungarian.
- Find.
- Rusball improved.
- Rylines pink seedlings.
- Jupiter.
- Novocherkassky.
Kishmish Moldavian
From the description made by scientists, it is clear that this variety ripens relatively late (150-160 days). It is characterized as vigorous, with ripening shoots with large clusters. The plant begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting. Withstands frosts down to -18. Harvested in September - October. Up to 50 kg of berries are usually removed from one bush. The crop is able to withstand transportability and can be stored for up to 180 days.
Advantages of the variety:
- Refined taste.
- Sugary.
- Lack of seeds.
- High productivity.
- Shelf life.
Flaws:
- non-frost-resistant;
- susceptible to many diseases;
- ripening period.
Moldavian kishmish is notable for its sweetness and good transportability.
Radiant kishmish
It is a high quality fruit variety. The bush is whimsical to care for, because disease resistance is weak. Easily transfers storage and transportation. Bunches of grapes grow very large, up to 1 kg. Ripen within 125-130 days. The plant does not withstand frost, loves space (distance between bushes is 2-2.25 m).
Thanks to the description of scientists, it became clear that this variety sits not only in spring, but also in autumn. Before the onset of cold weather, the bushes are covered with sawdust, peat, and possibly soil. To avoid overloading the bushes, additional supports are required. The plant requires careful and abundant watering, you need 6-9 buckets per 1 piece. Plus, timely feeding with nitrogenous fertilizers is necessary before flowering. To ensure the yield, it is necessary to remove the weak shoots.
The advantages of this variety:
- ripens early;
- high productivity;
- transportability.
Flaws:
- Harvest too large (extra care).
- Does not tolerate frost.
Radiant kishmish is a very productive early variety
Hungarian Kishmish
This variety ripens early (110-115 days), the fruits are famous for their incomparable taste. When ripe, the berry can remain on the bushes for up to 2 months. The plant is unpretentious, does not require special care, specific planting dates (this is confirmed by the description carried out by scientists). The seedlings do not need to be covered and hidden from the cold and low temperatures.
Distinctive features are called:
- resistance to the effects of fungal organisms;
- ability to withstand frosts down to minus 26 ° C;
- the ability to grow in any regions of the vast planet;
- digestibility by children, thanks to the precise structure of the berry;
- transportability.
Flaws:
- It quickly deteriorates when it is on the bushes for a long time.
- The presence of seeds, rudiments.
Hungarian kishmish must be removed from the bush immediately after ripening
Kishmish Nakhodka
The find belongs to the category of very early table varieties. Brings a large harvest, the weight of one bunch reaches 1.5 kg. Plants can withstand frosts down to minus 23 °. Grapes prefer to grow in fertile soils. You need to plant so that there is one and a half to two meters between the plants.
Advantages of the variety:
- withstands frost;
- unpretentious;
- brings a large harvest.
Although the description is for informational purposes, it is worth pointing out the disadvantages:
- Does not tolerate excess feed.
- You need to grow in a sunny area.
Rusball improved
Description of the variety: a large bush with large clusters up to 1.5 kg. The plant is high-yielding. Ripens very early (105-115 days).
This grape variety does not require careful maintenance, does not have a specific planting time, and with careful care and the use of fertilizers, the bunches can ripen huge (more than 1.5 kg).
Distinctive characteristics of this type are:
- frost resistance (up to minus 25 ° С);
- the possibility of growing in all kinds of regions, pickiness;
- yield;
- the fruits are tolerated.
Superior Rusball gives very large clusters
Rylines pink seedlings
The description of this variety is as follows: the States serve as the homeland of such a creation. The bushes look vigorous with small berries. Bushes are high-yielding, ripen early, in 105-115 days. You need to plant seedlings in a lighted place, because they grow on any soil, except for a very moist one.
This variety of grapes perfectly tolerates frosts (up to minus 27 ° C), is resistant to diseases and many pests (mildew). An important characteristic is that the berries, after ripening, can be on the bushes for a long time. The grapes have a pleasant taste. It is important to note that with excessive moisture, the berries can crack.
Kishmish Jupiter
Jupiter is the result of the work of American breeders who not only created an excellent variety, but also made a description of it. The plant has medium-sized bushes with large fruits. Fruiting in the second or third year after planting. Not very resistant to fungal pests. Ripens early (105-120 days). The common planting time is spring. It does not require special care.
Fruits have a pleasant nutmeg taste, strong skin. The plant is famous for not attracting the attention of some insects and wasps.
The undoubted advantage is its high frost resistance.The disadvantage is the size of the bunches (relatively small).
Kishmish Jupiter produces large berries, but small clusters
Kishmish Novocherkassky
The advantages of this variety, which need to be highlighted by examining its description:
- tolerates frost;
- stable harvest;
- high resistance to fungal diseases;
- not afraid of diseases.
Considering them, it must be said that the plant requires certain care: a garter of the vine, timely planting, shelter for the winter, in order to preserve the bushes, because the plant bears fruit only in the second or third year after planting. Berries ripen for 140-150 days.
This type of grape on the shelves has a significant advantage over other types, since it does not have seeds or there are few of them. What is important in cooking, in the manufacture of desserts, dishes.
Kishmish Novocherkassky - frost-resistant variety
Useful properties of grapes
The vitamins that make up the fruit act on the nervous system and help relieve stress, it acts as a mild sedative. It also contains ascorbic acid, which strengthens the immune system and protects the body. Potassium, which is part of the composition, helps to prevent the development of heart disease, therefore, people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia and hypertension, arrhythmia need to use this grape variety.
Grapes also contain boron, which reduces the possibility of developing osteoporosis. For teeth, grapes (certain parts of the plant) are useful, thanks to the oleanic acid contained in the composition, it reduces the occurrence of caries and gum disease.
Contraindications are also present:
- It is not recommended to use in case of diabetes mellitus.
- For stomach ulcers, it is strongly discouraged.
- Grapes destroy tooth enamel, so after eating you need to rinse your mouth.
To avoid an excess of vitamins, you have to monitor the amount of food eaten.
Kishmish Nakhodka, like other grape varieties, is contraindicated for diabetics.
The use of grapes in medicine
In the old days, there were references to medicinal qualities. Healers used parts of the plant to heal wounds with pus in warriors. Many skin problems can be cured by grapes. For example, grape leaves can be used for purulent wounds, nosebleeds, but before that, they have to be washed, dried and crushed.
For acne (acne) grape juice will help. Within 20 days, drink a couple of tablespoons of the product in the morning.
For skin problems - use an infusion of grape leaf platinum: grind them in a weight of 50 g and brew 750 g of hot water, simmer in a steam bath for about 15 minutes, cool and start applying as compresses.
A mixture of 20 g of berries and 20 g of aloe will save you from ringworm. Chop the berries and pour over the juice, and process the damaged areas with the resulting mixture.
Grape leaves, a small amount of wine (pure grape) and lye will save you from eczema. first rub the areas with alkali, and then apply a compress with soaked leaves in a wine liquid.
Dishes from grape leaves will help to defeat skin diseases
Classification of raisins plant varieties
All varieties are divided into seedless classes:
1st grade: Seeds are absent or small, and are not felt when eaten.
Grade 4: Has large seeds, which baffles people who do not know such a feature of this species.
Despite the fact that 3-4 varieties are in low demand, breeders create new types of these plants, based on the fact that there is an opportunity to bring out the best qualities and properties in one plant.
Grape seed oil
Since in some types of grapes there are large seeds - seeds, a useful composition is easily squeezed out of them. The seeds contain no less nutrients than the berries themselves. This oil has a positive effect on the treatment of certain diseases.But, there are some subtleties, as biological substances retain their properties during cold pressing.
Grape oil is considered the best natural antioxidant for improving the elasticity of blood vessels. Also, the composition lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood, and is used in the initial stages of hypertension. Applying a spoonful of oil every day will decrease the likelihood of arthritis, heart and blood vessel diseases, increase immunity, and increase protection against infections. Healing oil prevents heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis. And if you combine oil with therapy, then a quick recovery will come. This remedy also has a regenerating effect, improves skin elasticity, helps with the healing of wounds, abrasions, and cuts.
Indications for the use of grape seed oil are problems with the digestive system, hepatitis, biliary tract.
This oil is easy to make at home and is based on the principle of oil diffusion or displacement. The recipe is simple:
Rinse and dry the bones. Dry in the oven at 40-45 ° С. Then grind in a coffee grinder or with a blender. Fill a jar with a volume of half a liter, seal and fill with refined sunflower oil. As the seeds are absorbed, the oil should be added. Close the dishes tightly and put in the refrigerator for a week, stir occasionally. After the expiration date, squeeze the bones through two layers of gauze and put back in the refrigerator. Do not shake the greenish oil collected from above, pour into a bottle.
Grape seed oil can be made at home
Wine from the grape variety
An extensive use of grapes is the manufacture of alcoholic beverages. The wines produced with its addition have exquisite taste characteristics and are quickly disassembled on supermarket shelves. Wine production technologies have their own characteristics, thanks to which products are born that are distinguished by smell, captivating aroma and sour taste.
The raisin grape variety is popular and is used in the following spheres of life: in cooking, winemaking, treatment, thanks to beneficial substances. Grapes are filled with vitamins that help muscles work, normalize the functioning of the digestive system, relieve fatigue and tension. Grapes are used in the creation of medicines, winemaking and cooking. Some unpretentious varieties are allowed to grow in their country house, the main thing is to provide proper care and fertilization with nutrients.
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Kishmish grapes are a whole series of seedless hybrids. They make raisins, excellent juices, and amazing wine. In books about tasty and healthy food, you will find many recipes for dishes where raisins are, if not the main, then an additional ingredient. It is even used in cosmetology!
History of appearance
Scientists cannot name the exact date of the appearance of this grape. It is believed that the plant came about as a result of natural mutation. And already thanks to the painstaking work of breeders, varieties without seeds appeared, including green, pink and white raisins.
The best varieties
Moldavian
This variety ripens for quite a long time - 150–160 days. Fruits appear 3 years after planting. September-October is the time when you can enjoy Moldavian raisins. The fruits are sweet, seedless, and have an exquisite taste.
High-yielding variety. Up to 50 kg of fruit can be removed from one bush. Moldavian perfectly tolerates transportation and can be stored for up to six months. However, the variety has disadvantages: in addition to long ripening, it is highly susceptible to diseases and does not tolerate frost well.
Radiant
It is a high yielding variety with large to medium sized berries.It was called radiant because when the grapes are ripe, its fruits let in rays of sunlight, creating the effect of "radiance". The cone-shaped clusters can be up to 40 cm long and weigh almost 1 kg. Fragrant berries of bright pink color with dense pulp have a slight nutmeg flavor. This variety not only has a high yield, but also tolerates transportation well and is well stored. "Radiant" requires careful care, as it is unstable to some diseases.
This grape needs abundant watering. Sometimes you need to pour up to 9 buckets of water under one bush. One of the advantages of the variety is its early ripening (125–130 days). The disadvantages include low frost resistance. The bushes are planted in spring or autumn at a distance of 2.5 m from each other, as the grapes love space. To protect from cold weather, the bushes are covered with sawdust, sometimes peat.
Hungarian
The Hungarian variety is especially popular with us. There is no person who would not like to feast on these juicy and fleshy fruits. This green grape is considered early and has a delicate nutmeg flavor. Hungarian boasts a high yield. If you overexpose it on the bushes, the clusters will be medium-sized, and seeds may appear in the berries.
Find
This variety is frost-resistant. It can withstand temperatures as low as -23 ° C. The find was obtained by crossing the grapes Talisman and Radiant. In mid-August and early September, you can collect massive bunches with dense, sweet pink pulp with a nutmeg aroma. The variety ripens within 116-125 days (average), has a high yield and is resistant to many diseases, including fungal ones.
Rusball improved
This form was developed in Russia. The improved Rusbol's bush is large, the clusters are large (over 1.5 kg). Berries weighing 2–2.5 g contain 20–22% sugar. The first fruits are harvested in the second year after planting. The variety is resistant to mildew, is not afraid of severe frosts, and perfectly withstands transportation.
Rylines pink seedlings
This grape came to us from the USA. The bush is tall, the bunches have a weight of 100 to 300 g. Pink berries are pleasant to the taste and exude a labrus aroma. The sugar content reaches 24%. The grapes are unpretentious, frost-resistant, but high humidity is detrimental to the harvest.
Jupiter
And again we have an American guest. On a medium-sized bush, half-kilogram clusters grow. Large oval berries have a deep pink color, and when fully ripe, they can reach dark blue. The fruit has a light nutmeg flavor. The first fruits usually appear 1–2 years after planting. This variety has an average resistance to fungal diseases, so the gardener will have to take care of protecting the grapes from infections.
Novocherkassk
The variety brings stable yields, it is not afraid of severe frosts, and high resistance to fungal diseases is also observed. But for all its merits, the plant requires some care: a garter, shelter for the winter. The bush begins to bear fruit in the second or third year after planting.
Growing features
Growing this wonderful variety in their vineyards is the dream of most gardeners, because there are no seeds in all varieties. Kishmish requires the same care as other grape varieties, namely pruning, watering, fertilizing and pest control. In winter, the raisins must be insulated, and in the spring the bushes must be treated with chemicals.
Bushes are located at a distance of 2 m from each other. Prune the vine during the first year after planting, removing all weak shoots. To avoid potassium starvation, you need to make sure that the bush is not too overwhelmed. During the summer, the bushes need to be watered intensively. A couple of weeks before picking berries, watering is halved.
Advantages and disadvantages
Kishmishnye grape varieties have many useful properties, but they also have a number of disadvantages. The advantages include:
- quickly saturate;
- help to strengthen the immune system;
- remove toxins;
- prevent the development of thrombophlebitis;
- give a noticeable rejuvenating effect;
- increase the level of hemoglobin;
- reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
And this is not a complete list of useful properties of the raisins grape variety. But some contraindications should also be noted. This product should not be consumed by those who suffer from:
- pancreatitis;
- stomach ulcers;
- gallbladder disease.
Kishmish is rich in sugars, so it is better to refrain from using it for patients with diabetes mellitus.
This grape also negatively affects the tooth enamel, so after it you need to rinse your mouth with clean water.
Video "Kishmish grapes"
From this video you will learn how to properly grow raisins grapes.
The Kishmish grape is a whole series of a special (hybrid) seedless grape variety. Kishmish grapes are bred mainly in the Middle East and Asia. Kishmish grapes have their progenitors, it is also a special variety of boneless grapes - Black Manucca and Thompson, which appeared in the world as a result of mutation in their natural form.
The grapes are mainly grown as a simple table variety or for making raisins, however, Kishmish grapes are also used for juice and delicious wine.
There are a huge number of recipes in the world using this grape variety, for example, dried raisins, desserts, red wine, white wine, salads, jam and so on.
Properties of the variety and its characteristics
The Kishmish grape is considered a seedless variety, and also has its own characteristics. All grapes are very sweet because the berries are about twenty percent sugar alone.
You can make raisins, wine, juice, and other dishes from berries, you can also just eat it, which is why Kishmish grapes are considered a universal variety.
The tastiest and sweetest grapes usually grow only in those regions where there is a hot climate, but they have the opportunity to take root in a temperate one.
The vine is frost-resistant, capable of withstanding a temperature threshold of minus twenty-five degrees, and at the same time it grows quite quickly. In winter, in particularly cold areas, grapes require shelter.
Kishmish grapes are considered a fruitful variety, with medium and early ripening. Just one branch can form from two to three and more bunches.
The weight of such bunches can reach as much as a thousand grams, starting from five hundred grams. The berries are of different sizes, this directly depends mainly on the hybrid itself.
The color of the berries can be pink, black, red, white. Small berries are covered with bloom. Kishmish grapes have an interesting calorie content, sixty-nine kilocalories per hundred grams.
Why is this variety useful?
The benefits of such grapes are incredibly large, they are even advised as a dietary food. The special chemical composition has a truly positive effect on the human nervous system, heart and gastrointestinal tract.
Basically, this grape variety is recommended for people with subsequent diseases:
- Persistent or seasonal decrease in immunity;
- Bronchial asthma;
- Caries;
- Periodontal disease;
- Gingivitis;
- Pathology of the gallbladder;
- Stomach pathology;
- Osteoporosis;
- Bowel disease;
- Diseases of the stomach that are accompanied by nausea and heartburn;
- Bladder pathology;
- Kidney pathology;
- Heart disease - hypertension, vascular dystonia, arrhythmia;
- Depression;
- Neuroses.
Kishmish grapes have a special calming feature, this is due to the very high content of trace elements and vitamins in grapes, and if there is a lack of these elements, irritability and fatigue can be observed.
Due to the simply huge amount of potassium in grapes, this variety is able to regulate the work of the heart, while vitamin C is very well able to increase immunity and strengthen blood vessels.
Also in grapes there are folic acid, iron and vitamin B12, which can serve you as prevention and treatment of anemia.
If you have inflammatory diseases associated with the oral cavity, inflammation of the intestines, infections, gastritis in remission, then grapes have oleanolic acid, which has antiseptic properties.
Also, grapes with this acid are very useful for pathologies with the urinary system, for example, cystitis or pyelonephritis. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and boron can strengthen bones and also counteract the development of osteoporosis. Grapes are able to satisfy hunger, as they have an increased calorie content.
Who is this grape variety forbidden to?
Unfortunately, Kishmish grapes are not good for everyone. Grapes contain a large amount of glucose, so people with diabetes are prohibited from eating this variety.
It is also not advised to give grapes to children under one year old, because it is very sweet. It is also forbidden to give to people with a clear share of obesity, because of the calories.
If a person has gastritis or a stomach ulcer in an aggravated state, then it is forbidden to give grapes, because the acid in it can infect the mucous membrane. Grapes also have very beneficial properties, however, during the recovery period.
Planting grapes
The basic rules for planting different types of grapes are very similar. It is very important to choose the species that best suits your area and your climate.
Seedlings are usually planted in autumn or spring. In the southern regions, they are mainly planted in the autumn, but if you take into account the conditions of the central zone of the Russian Federation and the Moscow region, we advise you to plant grapes in the spring.
If you still plant your variety in the fall, we recommend that you cover the seedling very carefully with earth, because there is a risk of freezing of the vine.
We recommend that you choose the most optimal place for planting a seedling, for example, it should be a lighted place without any drafts.
The hills or the side of the wall are best suited, mainly in the southwest or just south direction.
This variety loves space, which is why we advise you to plant a seedling a hundred centimeters from any support, for example, from a fence or a wall.
The distance between the seedlings should be about two hundred and sixty to two hundred and eighty centimeters. If you have a large number of seedlings, then we advise you to plant them from two hundred and eighty to three hundred centimeters.
The most acceptable moment would be to plant this grape variety from the end of April to the end of May, at times when there is simply no threat of frost.
In such cases, the grapes simply won't need shelter. In the fall, you should start planting in the middle of the fall in early October, before the real frost.
For the winter period, the seedlings should be covered, for example, you can use a plastic bottle or plastic wrap, then fill up all the soil and insulate with leaves, or straw, you also have the opportunity to use other materials.
A hole for planting a seedling must be dug about seventy centimeters deep and eighty centimeters in diameter.
At the very bottom, you should put a good layer of drainage, pebbles or small graphy. Then you can add fertilizer.
Further, on top you need to fill in a special mixture of sand, turf and humus, and also dig a support into the hole.
The grapes will need to be planted in a very narrow hole, which can be done with a shovel handle or a crowbar. The root system of the seedling must be sprinkled with soil as carefully as possible.
The twig is sprinkled with earth until two free buds remain on the surface. Water the bush very abundantly, about two buckets per bush. When the earth has already drawn in water, the soil is shallowed around the seedling. After ninety days, you need to pinch the tops of the young shoots.
Kishmish grapes reproduce well by cuttings. You have the opportunity to prepare cuttings in the autumn and store them at home.
And in the spring, all the cuttings are rooted, and then transferred to the vineyard, in this way you can increase the number of bushes. With the help of cuttings, it is very easy to renew the vine, as well as to get new varieties of grapes. Cuttings are obtained only by pruning this grape variety in the autumn.
Caring for raisins grapes
Basically, there are no difficulties in caring for Kishmish grapes, it is simple and includes:
- Watering;
- The battle with pests and various kinds of diseases;
- Fertilizers;
- Pruning.
Watering in the summer must be very abundant. The amount of water mainly depends on the soil itself. For example, black soil requires thirty percent less water than a simple sandy soil.
According to average statistics, about fifteen liters of water are used for one single bush of grapes, watering must be repeated every three or four days. Fourteen days before picking berries from the bush, you need to cut watering in half. Or simply replace drip irrigation.
In order for your bushes not to infect various fungal diseases, you need to treat the grapes with Bordeaux liquid. In order to get rid of wasps, you need to process the Kishmish grapes with vinegars, or simply fumigate with smoke.
We recommend using insecticides against various pests, for example, from spider mites, beetle larvae and leafworms.
Fertilizers should be applied in moderation. In the spring, top dressing is applied, which contains nitrogen, so that the bush and its deciduous mass significantly increase the rate of development.
Before the very beginning of flowering, you need to add Plantofol. Throughout the season, you should feed the vine with special magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and monophosphate.
Vine pruning is carried out in the first year, for this you need to prune all weak shoots. A very long pruning of branches for eight to twelve eyes is also practiced.
The load on a young bush must be twelve vines per six square meters, and on a mature bush twenty-five vines per six square meters.
Basically, the bush is formed from a special calculation of ten and twelve branches per one meter of the height of the grapes itself. However, in this case, absolutely on each shoot, one or two large berry bunches of this variety will ripen.
If the bush is overloaded, then it is threatened by the so-called high-calorie starvation, all the berries will be just small and not sweet, the ripening process will be even slower, and it is possible that the grape bush will crack.
Kishmish grape varieties
There are just a lot of Kishmish grape varieties. They were bred in the past decades in a large number of different countries, and are still being bred. They differ among themselves, the shape of the berries, the size of the bunches, color and size.
In one form, the grapes will be boneless, in the other there will be so-called rudimentary rudiments - you can grow such hybrids from seeds. Also, in grape varieties, the composition of nutrients, as well as the amount of sugar, may differ.
The most basic characteristic of grapes is frost resistance. All grapes are different among themselves, some can live in temperate climates and the middle lane, while others in hot areas.
When choosing a variety, you should first find out the properties of this variety. Also, different types of grapes can differ in their purpose, that is, some can be for the manufacture of raisins, others are universal for everything, or simply exclusively for dining.
Only you can choose which one is the best for you. Here is a list of the most famous raisins of raisins:
Radiant; Niagara; Aksaysky; Asya; Veles; Kishmish 342 or as it is called Hungarian in another way; Aphrodite; Katia; Ainset; Neptune; Paradise; Arsenyevsky; Volodar; Red flame; New; Superior; Jupiter; Amber; Sidlis; Novocherkassky; Kesha; Spartan; Gin; Emerald; Find; Premier; Potapenko; Dream; Royal; Venus; Long-awaited; Attica; Gold Kishmish; Lucia; Moldavian.
In fact, showing photographs of all varieties and giving them a description is very long and, most importantly, difficult. We will give you only a list of the most famous varieties, as well as their characteristics.
The most important attention will deserve only the Far Eastern Kishmish grapes. In some cases, this species is confused with another plant, actinidia, but it is not clear how, because it has nothing to do with grapes at all.
However, in fact, an incredible variety was bred in the Primorsky Territory, whose name is Novinka or Taezhny, its feature is its high frost resistance.
Southern varieties of raisins
In the south, the Kishmish grape is very sweet, early ripening, with incredibly large and strong bunches of berries. Such varieties are not so frost-resistant, so they are of little use for breeding in the middle lane.
Radiant raisins
This species is native to Moldova. It is considered middle class in ripening, generally one hundred twenty to one hundred thirty five days.
One bunch of such grapes weighs from four hundred and fifty to six hundred and fifty grams, slightly loose, made in the shape of a cone with a small extension at the tips.
The berries are pink in color, they are all from four to five grams, an amazing rich taste of nutmeg, there is also a hint of light acid. The pulp of the grapes is quite fleshy and juicy.
This type of grape grows very quickly, but requires timely pruning. Frost resistance is very low, from fifteen to eighteen degrees. In this case, the bush itself must be very tightly covered in the winter.
Red flame
Very early ripening grape, ninety-five to one hundred and ten days old. The bushes are fast growing and have very strong vines. The berries are red and weigh between four and five grams.
The skin of the berry is thin, the flesh is juicy. The bunches are very massive from seven hundred to nine hundred grams, made in the shape of a cylinder, have a rich and very sweet taste.
The grape is versatile. However, there are also disadvantages. This variety is very sensitive to fungal diseases, and also freezes at a temperature threshold below twenty degrees.
Moldavian kishmish
This grape variety belongs to the table varieties. It is considered somewhat late in the sense of ripening from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty days.
The berries are very large, weighing as much as six grams, and the bunches reach up to one thousand two hundred grams starting from eight hundred grams.
The color of the berries is lilac, with a somewhat oval shape. Fleshy pulp with a thin skin, practically no bones.
The taste is incredibly sweet in this grape, the bushes are vigorous and can withstand frosts at minus eighteen degrees, but they require a very dense shelter in winter. The cultivar is very unstable to phyloxera and mildew.
Frost-resistant species
It is very important to note that the types of frost-resistant grapes Kishmish endure rather severe frosts from twenty-three minutes to twenty-seven degrees.
They are in great need of shelter in areas where the temperature threshold in winter can drop much lower, but they bear fruit best in simple temperate climates than southern varieties.
New
This variety is considered frost-resistant, was obtained in the Saratov region. Even at a particularly low temperature of minus thirty degrees, the bush does not freeze out, it is excellent for breeding in temperate climates. Ripening takes place around mid-August.
Made in an oval shape, with a blue tint, the weight of the berries is from four to five grams. The bunches are average from five hundred to seven hundred grams. The grapes are very tasty and sweet, the sugar content exceeds twenty percent, namely twenty three, the flesh is very crispy.
This variety has its own drawback, it is highly unstable to various kinds of fungi, which is two points.
Aksaysky
This variety of Aksay kishmish belongs to this type as early maturing. Ripening occurs already on the one hundred fifth - one hundred and tenth day. If the summer period is warm enough, then its first berries will be at the end of July or the beginning of August.
The weight of one berry is from four to five grams, the color is bright pink, made in the shape of an oval. The bunches are medium in size and loose in density, are made in the shape of a cone and weigh from six hundred to seven hundred grams.
The taste of this variety is very rich and sweet; it is customary to eat such grapes extremely fresh. The yield of this species is very high, the growing process itself does not present any problems.
The bush is able to withstand temperatures from minus twenty-five to minus twenty-six degrees, and is also quite resistant to all sorts of fungal diseases.
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This variety was produced by crossing two varieties, Radiant and Talisman, this variety is able to withstand a temperature threshold of twenty-three degrees.
The average ripening time is from one hundred and sixteen to one hundred and twenty-five days, the fruits can already be harvested at the end of the summer period, from about mid-August to early September.
The size of all berries is almost identical to the average, weighing from four to six grams, has a pink color, the flesh is juicy.
The bunches are quite thick from five hundred to seven hundred grams of standard density. The taste is excellent, there is also a hint of nutmeg. The yield of this variety is high, and the bush is also able to withstand a large number of different fungal diseases.
American varieties
American varieties are very famous throughout the world, and they are also varied. They are used for different characteristics, and they are also used as universal and dining rooms. All have different frost resistance.
Neptune
We can say a new variety, it has been popular since 1998. It belongs to the early ones in ripening, you can eat and collect it already from the beginning of August.
The berries can be of different colors, from white and yellow to green, made in an oval shape, the weight of one berry is from four to five grams, the skin is dense.
The bunches weigh from three hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty grams, medium density, cylindrical in the shape of a cone.
The taste is somewhat fruity, one might say apple. The amount of harvest is moderate, in proportion to the growth rate of the bushes. The variety is very rarely affected by all sorts of pests and fungi, the berries do not crack.
Autumn Royal
This variety is one of the largest seedless varieties. The weight of one berry can reach as much as ten grams, starting from eight. Berries are black, oval in shape.
The bunches are quite massive, from five hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty grams.
The yields are good enough, the growth of the bushes themselves is accelerated. Saplings and cuttings take root quite well. It is very easy to grow this kind.
The Autumn Royal species has increased resistance to fungal diseases, as well as good frost resistance up to minus twenty-five degrees.
Jupiter
This variety is considered a frost-resistant variety, capable of withstanding severe frosts ranging from minus twenty-five to twenty-seven degrees.
Moderately resists fungal diseases. Homeland is the state of Arkansas. The berries weigh from four to five grams, are made in an oval shape, and also have a slightly blue-red color with a shade of bright red.
The skin is thin, but strong, while the flesh is crispy. The grapes are incredibly tasty, the sugar content is twenty one percent.
Seeds are not observed, and rudimentary bones are very rare. The bunches are small from two hundred to two hundred and fifty grams.
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- - "Garden and Vegetable Garden" - Gardens of Russia is an online store of seeds and seedlings.
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