The best varieties of barley

Barley belongs to the family - Cereals. Can be annual, biennial, or perennial, depending on the variety. Grown for food, technical and feed purposes since ancient times. This culture is one of the oldest, if not the oldest cultivated by man. Barley varieties have different quality characteristics, planting dates, and yield. Below will be a description of the most common varieties and characteristics of the grain.

What are the features of spring and winter varieties?

Barley is spring and winter, in addition to planting dates, each species has its own quality features that you should know about before planting a crop.

Recently, winter barley has been in unprecedented demand, since it yields a little earlier than the spring barley. This allows you to quickly fill the vacated area with another crop and multiply the yield. In addition, he is less likely to suffer from fuses. Among the disadvantages is low frost resistance. Severe frosts can completely destroy the crop, so gardeners come up with various methods to protect crops in the winter.

Scheme of using biological products

Spring barley is an important crop. It is he who is mainly used to obtain barley and barley porridge. It contains a lot of protein and fiber, which is why it is recommended for consumption and cultivation. It belongs to early crops, therefore, it is sown on time, otherwise you can lose a significant part of the crop. Resists pests well.

In addition, barley is multi-row (ordinary), two-row and intermediate. In most regions of the world, it is common and two-row barley that is cultivated. These subspecies are fertile and are of high quality.

What varieties of spring barley are there?

There are over 70 varieties of spring barley grown in different climatic zones.

"Viscount" ripens in 73-127 days, depending on the climate. It has an even and hollow stem, the mass of one grain is 0.042-0.054 g, the amount of protein is 11-13%. It belongs to the fodder subspecies, it is started up for the manufacture of compound feed, mixtures for livestock. However, under favorable conditions, it can produce high-quality grain, suitable, for example, for brewing. Potential yield 70 kg / ha.
"Vakula" resistant to changes in location and climate. Grain weight - 0.046-0.052 g. With frequent rains and watering, it can increase to 0.060 g. There is little protein in the composition, low filminess. Productivity 50-90 kg / ha. It is not recommended to thicken the crops - this will reduce the yield.
Spring barley varieties
"Helios" with abundant and timely watering, it gives a good, high-quality harvest. The growing season is 90-93 days. The mass of the obtained grain is 0.048-0.050 g. Productivity is 89 c / ha.
"Duncan" a variety of barley of Canadian selection. It has a strong, vigorous stem, resistant to bedding and over-growing. Grain weight 0.049g on average. Productivity - 80 kg / ha. Seeding rate is 2-2.2 million seeds per hectare. Thickening is not recommended.
"Priazovsky 9" - one of the best varieties of spring barley. Differs in resistance to drought, powdery mildew, pests, dwarf rust. Ripens in 80-82 days. The stem is dense, even, does not run. The yield is small - 42-63 kg / ha, but it fully pays off with the quality of the product obtained. The mass of each grain is 0.045-0.055 g.

The same category includes: Krasnoufimsky, Donetsk 4, Lofant, Zeus, Margaret, Omsk 89, Povolzhsky 65, Marni, Adapt.

Winter varieties of barley

The optimal time for planting a winter species is September, but depending on the variety of barley and the region, the timing can vary significantly. In terms of soil or sowing site, it is not picky, serious, expensive, high quality mixtures are needed only in the case of cultivating large fields, and not small garden plantations.

"Worthy" has a yield within 60 c / ha, maximum harvests reached 96.3 c / ha. The growing season is 266-273 days. It grows a little less than a meter, about 83-86 cm. The weight of a grain is 0.043 g, it contains up to 61% starch and up to 12.6% protein. Average winter hardiness, there is resistance to drought and shedding.
Winter varieties of barley
Selena Star grows up to 98 cm in height, ripens in 277-284 days. Grain weight - 0.045-0.047 g, protein content 10.9-11.9%. The maximum yield is 77.8 c / ha. This barley variety not afraid of brown rust, resistant to lodging and shedding, average winter hardiness.
Borisfen grows up to a meter in height. The weight of one grain is 0.042-0.043 g with a protein content of 11-12.5%. Ripens in 280-288 days. There is resistance to lodging, drought and shedding. Productivity 60-87 kg / ha.
"Worker" has an average yield of 59-60 c / ha. The weight of one grain is 0.043-0.044 g with 59% starch and 11.8% crude protein. Ripens in 279-288 days, plant height - 91-98 cm, sprouts are almost even.

This list also includes: "Diet", "Fantast", "Aboriginal", "Cinderella", "Kovcheg", "Morozko".

What varieties are used for brewing?

There is a certain category of barley that is used primarily for making beer. It is important to note that for homemade preparations, and not only in large industries, it is recommended to grow barley on your own, and not buy ready-made. This allows you to get a healthy, complete, nutritious cereal, and be sure that the type is exactly what was required.

The varieties of barley for brewing beer are quite varied. Of the most common in the world, it is worth mentioning: Gladis, Avalon, Consita, Philadelphia, Ronnie, Quench, Scarlett, Kangu, Marnie, Corserto, Jay bi Flave "," Sishine ".

What are the features of spring and winter varieties?

Barley is spring and winter, in addition to planting dates, each species has its own quality features that you should know about before planting a crop.

Scheme of using biological products

In addition, barley is multi-row (ordinary), two-row and intermediate. In most regions of the world, it is common and two-row barley that is cultivated.These subspecies are fertile and are of high quality.

What varieties of spring barley are there?

There are over 70 varieties of spring barley grown in different climatic zones.

"Viscount" ripens in 73-127 days, depending on the climate. It has an even and hollow stem, the mass of one grain is 0.042-0.054 g, the amount of protein is 11-13%. It belongs to the fodder subspecies, it is started up for the manufacture of compound feed, mixtures for livestock. However, under favorable conditions, it can produce high-quality grain, suitable, for example, for brewing. Potential yield 70 kg / ha.
"Vakula" resistant to changes in location and climate. Grain weight - 0.046-0.052 g. With frequent rains and watering, it can increase to 0.060 g. There is little protein in the composition, low filminess. Productivity 50-90 kg / ha. It is not recommended to thicken the crops - this will reduce the yield. Spring barley varieties
"Helios" with abundant and timely watering, it gives a good, high-quality harvest. The growing season is 90-93 days. The mass of the obtained grain is 0.048-0.050 g. Productivity is 89 c / ha.
"Duncan" a variety of barley of Canadian selection. It has a strong, vigorous stem, resistant to bedding and over-growing. Grain weight 0.049g on average. Productivity - 80 kg / ha. Seeding rate is 2-2.2 million seeds per hectare. Thickening is not recommended.
"Priazovsky 9" - one of the best varieties of spring barley. Differs in resistance to drought, powdery mildew, pests, dwarf rust. Ripens in 80-82 days. The stem is dense, even, does not run. The yield is small - 42-63 kg / ha, but it fully pays off with the quality of the product obtained. The mass of each grain is 0.045-0.055 g.

The same category includes: Krasnoufimsky, Donetsk 4, Lofant, Zeus, Margaret, Omsk 89, Povolzhsky 65, Marni, Adapt.

Winter varieties of barley

"Worthy" has a yield within 60 c / ha, maximum harvests reached 96.3 c / ha. The growing season is 266-273 days. It grows a little less than a meter, about 83-86 cm. The weight of a grain is 0.043 g, it contains up to 61% starch and up to 12.6% protein. Average winter hardiness, there is resistance to drought and shedding. Winter varieties of barley
Selena Star grows up to 98 cm in height, ripens in 277-284 days. Grain weight - 0.045-0.047 g, protein content 10.9-11.9%. The maximum yield is 77.8 c / ha. This barley variety not afraid of brown rust, resistant to lodging and shedding, average winter hardiness.
Borisfen grows up to a meter in height. The weight of one grain is 0.042-0.043 g with a protein content of 11-12.5%. Ripens in 280-288 days. There is resistance to lodging, drought and shedding. Productivity 60-87 kg / ha.
"Worker" has an average yield of 59-60 c / ha. The weight of one grain is 0.043-0.044 g with 59% starch and 11.8% crude protein. Ripens in 279-288 days, plant height - 91-98 cm, sprouts are almost even.

This list also includes: "Diet", "Fantast", "Aboriginal", "Cinderella", "Kovcheg", "Morozko".

What varieties are used for brewing?

The barley kernel contains protein, fiber, starch, amino acids, a vitamin and mineral complex, and enzymes. The rich nutritional composition makes this culture indispensable in nutrition, brewing, and fattening of livestock. Barley is used to make cereals - barley and barley, as well as flour and malt.

Two types of barley are cultivated: winter and spring. Winter barley is sown in winter, in autumn. Such varieties are more productive, but they account for no more than 10% of the total volume of annually grown grain. The growing season lasts longer, about 300 days, while spring barley ripens in 60-100 days. The sowing period for winter varieties is the first half of September, for spring varieties - early spring.

General characteristics of barley as a crop:

high productivity;
drought tolerance;
early maturity;
undemanding to the composition of the soil;
good tolerance to both hot sunny and cool cloudy weather.

In addition, spring varieties are cold-resistant. While the plant is gaining growth, it is not demanding on temperature conditions. After throwing a panicle, the culture needs warmth. The advantageous difference of all barley varieties from wheat is the ability to withstand drought and heat up to 40 ° C, without losing the speed of filling the seed part.

About 200 varieties of barley are grown on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is in second place in terms of prevalence after wheat.

Among winter frost-resistant varieties, Prikumsky, Dobrynya, Larets are popular among plant breeders. The best spring varieties are Gin, Bios, Gonar.

Prikumsky: medium-sized grain, heavy rectangular spike up to 7 cm long, 1,000 pcs. weighs 40 g. This is an early maturing fodder variety that is not afraid of frost, drought, root rot.
Dobrynya: long-grain, heavy, in 6 rows, ear, weight of 1 thousand grains - 30-40 g. Mid-season fodder variety.
Casket: grains of medium size, the ear is also medium, up to 6 cm, poured, cylindrical in shape. Weight of 1 thousand grains - 39-41g. A mid-season frost-resistant variety that gives equally high yields when sowing areas in autumn and spring.
Gin: large long grains, two-row spike 6-9 cm, weight of 1 thousand grains up to 50 g. Mid-season variety used for brewing and processing into cereals.
Bios: a coarse-grain variety with a dense, medium-length spike. Weight of 1 thousand grains 45-55 g. Brewing variety that can be processed into cereals for food needs.
Gonar: round, oval-shaped grains are collected in a dense, medium-sized ear. Weight 1 thousand pcs. 40-55 g. Food grade high-yielding.

Other popular varieties include Dina, Veresk, Sonnet. Growers in each climatic zone give preference to certain barley crops.

Barley is a valuable nutritious product used in the food and livestock industries. It is on the 2nd place in terms of cultivation after wheat.

Barley (Latin Hórdeum) is an annual, biennial or perennial plant of the Cereal family, which has long been cultivated by humans for food, feed and technical purposes. This is the oldest cultivated plant that was grown and continues to be grown in many regions of the planet. Most often, humans cultivate common barley (Hordeum vulgare), other types of barley are less popular, or not grown at all by humans.

general information

Barley is a valuable nutritious grain containing proteins, starch, fiber, micro- and macroelements, amino acids, enzymes and vitamins. These substances make barley an indispensable food product for humans and a valuable animal feed.

Barley.

Barley grains are raw materials for the production of pearl barley and barley grits, barley flour, which is mixed with wheat, when baking some types of bread. Barley is in particular demand among brewers who make malt from it for beer production. But, perhaps more than other industries, livestock and poultry farmers use barley to feed animals and poultry.

In addition, barley also has medicinal properties, it is used to treat diseases of the endocrine system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system.

Description of barley: the height of the stem in wild barley species is 30-60 cm, in cultivated barley - up to 90 cm.The stems are straight, the leaves are smooth, in the form of long, narrow strips up to 30 cm long and up to 3 cm wide.To the axis of the stem fastened by means of "ears" located at the base of the sheet.

Barley blooms in the first half of summer, the fruit ripens in August. Spikelets are located on the common axis of the stem, they are four- or hexagonal, assembled in three pieces. Barley is a grain covered with chaff, which is separated during processing of the grain.

Variety of varieties and types

Modern plant growing is engaged in the cultivation of winter and spring varieties of barley. Moreover, the share of spring varieties occupies 90% of the crops, and the cultivation of winter species rarely exceeds 10-12%, although winter varieties are distinguished by higher yields.

In total, almost 200 types of barley are grown in Russia; in terms of production, it ranks second after wheat. They grow cereal for brewing, food industry and agriculture.

Winter barley varieties are most often sown in autumn, when sowing these varieties in spring, the yield is significantly reduced. Depending on the climatic zone, winter barley is sown from 10 to 20 September, with later sowing, the yield of winter barley becomes lower.

The most popular in Russia are the following varieties of winter barley - Dobrynya 3, Silhouette, Rostovsky 55, Larets, Secret, Rossava, Prikumsky, Kozyr. Let's consider them in more detail.

Dobrynya 3 - has a six-row, dense ear, elongated grain, medium size. The weight of 1000 grains is 35-42 grams. The height of the stem is up to 95 cm. This is a mid-season, grain-fodder winter barley variety, containing more than 11% protein in the grain. The yield of the variety reaches 102.4 centners per hectare.

The variety is resistant to weather and climatic conditions, frost-hardy, grows well on soils of any type, however, on acidic soil, the yield decreases by 3-4 centners per hectare, the best option for it is soils with a neutral reaction.

This variety of barley is resistant to dwarf rust and helminthosporium spots, but is easily affected by powdery mildew.

The Dobrynya 3 variety has been zoned for cultivation in the warm regions of Russia - Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, in the Rostov Region and the North Caucasian republics. The variety has a short stage of vernalization - 25-30 days, so in these regions it is sown during the February thaws.

Dobrynya 3

Variety Casket - is distinguished by a six-row, dense spike of a cylindrical shape, 5-6 cm long, with medium-sized grains. The weight of 1000 grains is 38-41 grams. The casket is a mid-season variety, the growing season lasts about 276 days.

The variety is resistant to low temperatures, drought, biological factors and lodging. A full harvest can be harvested in both spring and autumn sowing.

The casket is a winter variety, zoned for cultivation in the Rostov region, Stavropol and Krasnodar regions.

Variety Rostovsky 55 - has a six-row, dense, cylindrical ear, within 5 cm in length. The weight of 1000 grains is 36-38 grams. Stem height 85-95 cm.

Winter variety, resistant to lodging, low temperatures, droughts, powdery mildew, dwarf rust. It has excellent feeding qualities. Suitable for growing in the North Caucasus region.

Prikumsky 50 - is distinguished by a rectangular, dense spike of medium length, medium-sized grains. The length of the ear is within 5-7 cm, the weight of 1000 grains is about 40 grams.

Winter variety, early ripening, frost-resistant, resistant to lodging and drought during grain filling. Medium resistant to root rot and helminthosporiosis. Mainly grown for forage.

Spring barley is sown in early spring, when the snow melts and the soil dries out enough to be mechanized. Early sowing of spring barley makes it possible to use the moisture accumulated in the winter in the soil, and inhibits the development of weeds, thereby significantly increasing productivity. With late sowing, the root system develops worse in the cereal, and the timing of the formation of ears coincides with unfavorable weather conditions. In such cases, barley is more susceptible to diseases and pests. Even with a ten-day sowing delay, the yield will decrease by 7-8 centners per hectare, and in dry years - by 12 centners.

More than a hundred varieties of spring barley have been bred in Russia. The most popular varieties are Abava, Bios 1, Belgorodets, Dina, Jin, Donetskiy 8, Zaozerskiy 85, Erofey, Gonar, Vizit, Veresk, Zernogradskiy, Kumir, Moskovskiy, Mikhailovskiy, Novosibirskiy, Nutans, Omskiy, Risk, Suzdalets, Sonnet and others ... Let's describe in more detail some varieties of barley.

Gin variety - has a two-row spike, from 5.5 to 8.5 cm long. The grains are large, elongated, the weight of 1000 grains is 45-49 grams. The stem is strong, high, up to 85 cm. Gin is a mid-season variety of spring barley, ripens 3-4 days earlier than the standard, the growing season lasts 70-85 days. protein content - 11.7%.

This variety of spring barley is grown for brewing, since it fully meets the requirements of existing standards, and high-quality malt is prepared from it. In addition, Gin has excellent performance in cereals - it boils well, has the necessary consistency and taste.

The variety is high-yielding - up to 9 centners per hectare. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant, suitable for cultivation in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of Russia.

Sowing the spring variety Gin should be carried out as early as possible; if the sowing is late, the yield decreases by 12.6-18 centners per hectare.

Variety Bios 1 - has an ear of medium density and length. The height of the stem is up to 80 cm. The grains are large, the weight of 1000 grains is from 45 to 54 grams. High percentage of protein content - up to 15%.

This is a brewing variety of spring barley, in addition, the groats are suitable for food purposes. The variety has medium drought resistance, good lodging resistance and high bushiness. The variety is resistant to head smut, root rot, helminthosporium and stone smut.

The variety of spring barley is suitable for cultivation in the Perm Territory and the republics of the Volga region, with a yield of 29 to 47 centners per hectare.

Variety Gonar - stem height 75-90 cm, spike of medium density and length, large, oval grains. The weight of 1000 grains is 41-55 grams. Protein content - 14%

This is a high-yielding variety of spring barley bred by Belarusian breeders. Up to 53 centners of grain are harvested from one hectare. Gonar is resistant to lodging, drought and low temperatures. It acclimatizes well in new climatic conditions, therefore it is grown in almost all regions of Russia and Belarus.

The variety is susceptible to head smut, powdery mildew, brown rust, and is resistant to helminthosporiosis and hard smut.

The variety is mainly grown for food and animal feed.

The Dina variety is a bushy, productive and tall variety, with a stem up to 75 cm in height. The ear is short, dense, the grains are large. The weight of 1000 grains is 42-51 grams. The protein content is high - up to 19%.

This variety of spring barley is grown for forage production. The yield of the variety is from 28 to 48 centners per hectare. The variety is drought-resistant, quickly adapts to different soils and in different climatic conditions.

Highly resistant to stem rust and head smut, moderately resistant to root rot.

Variety Veresk - bush height up to 85 cm, strong bush with good lodging resistance. This variety of spring barley has a long spike of medium density, the grains are large, elongated, even. The weight of 1000 grains is 40-46 grams, the protein content is 12-14%.

The variety is mid-season, grains for fodder purposes.The yield is 33.4-48 centners per hectare. Heather has a high drought tolerance, low resistance to stem rust and head smut, resistant to Swedish fly, moderately resistant to helminthosporiosis, septoria blight, powdery mildew. The variety is suitable for growing in the Volga region, the Urals and central Russia.

The Sonnet variety is distinguished by an average height of about 80 cm, with a straight, cylindrical spike. The grains are large, semicircular, the weight of 1000 grains is 50-58 grams, the protein content is up to 16%. It is demanding on the soil, fertilizers are needed for its cultivation, on poor soil the yield decreases.

On fertile soils, the yield can reach from 43 to 83 centners per hectare.

The drought resistance of this spring barley variety is below average, but the resistance to lodging and head smut is high. The variety is zoned for Central Russia, the Volga region and the Urals.

New drought-resistant varieties of spring barley

The main sowing areas of spring barley in the Russian Federation are located in zones of insufficient and unstable moisture, the yield of which under these conditions varies from year to year by 5-6 times. Therefore, increasing the drought resistance of grain crops is of great importance for the agricultural regions of our country. An important role in increasing yields and improving the quality of grain crops, including barley, belongs to selection for drought resistance.

Deficiency of moisture on the Don during the growing season of grain crops is a frequent phenomenon. Of all types of droughts, the greatest damage to the crop is caused by the so-called persistent drought, the manifestation of which is observed throughout the growing season. It is the lack of drought resistance that can explain the fact that the best intensive varieties of foreign breeding in dry years here completely die already during the tillering period, without even reaching the heading phase.

Each climatic zone has its own characteristics: the distribution of precipitation over periods, a certain length of the day, various combinations of the named signs with the temperature regime, etc. Under the influence of each of the above factors, the development and influence on the yield of certain morphological characteristics of plants, which can be unequally combined with the duration of the growing season, resistance to drought, lodging, etc., change significantly. All these indicators vary within certain limits, i.e. have a zonal character, therefore, when creating a variety, it is necessary to strive to ensure that it provides high plasticity and productivity under changing weather conditions.

New varieties should have a set of useful qualities inherent in these zones and for a certain level of agricultural technology. At the same time, it is very important to represent and take into account the factors of the zone in breeding work that affect the yield level of various existing varieties of crops and their frequency (atmospheric or soil drought, individual diseases, lodging, etc.), as well as to have a source material that is resistant to these unfavorable factors.

This poses the task of breeders to create varieties of grain crops, including spring barley, drought-resistant throughout the growing season.

In the context of an increase in the manifestation of droughts of various types on the Don over the past 10 years, we have managed to create new varieties of barley Schedry (entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2011) and Leon (since 2012) that are tolerant to their manifestation throughout the growing season.

Generous. Originating institution - State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after V.I. I.G. Kalinenko.

The purpose of the variety is for grain fodder and food purposes.

Spring barley variety Schedry (Zernogradskiy 1285) was created by the method of intraspecific hybridization of varieties Zernogradskiy 819 (VNIIZK, Zernograd, Russia) and Stepnoy Dar (Ukraine) with subsequent double individual selection. The year of crossing is 1994, the year of the selection of an elite plant is 1998, the years of small station testing are 2002–2005, the years of competitive testing are 2006–2008.

It differs from the maternal form (Zernogradskiy 819) by a later earing and maturation (by 2-3 days), by a lower plant height (by 5-8 cm); higher grain size of an ear, grain size, resistance to lodging, diseases, productivity.

It differs from the paternal form (Steppe gift - var. Glabridificiens) in variety (var. Nutans), earlier earing and ripening (for 2 - 3 days); higher productive bushiness, drought resistance, lodging resistance, diseases, productivity.

The variety is nutans. The ear is two-row, semi-erect, cylindrical, straw-yellow in color, of medium length (8-10 cm) and density (12-13 members per 4 cm of the spikelet). Lateral sterile spikelets are deflected, the tip is rounded. Spikelet scales are narrow, equal to the caryopsis. Awns are long, parallel to the spike, with coarsely serrated edges, the transition of floral scales to awn is gradual.

Semi-circular (elliptical) grain, yellow color, large (1000 grains weight 44 - 50 g). The seta is hairy at the base of the grain, the type of pubescence is long. Nervation of flowering scales is present. The serration of the inner lateral nerves of the outer floral scales is weak.

Solomina is of medium height (73 - 88 cm), strong, resistant to lodging.

The Schedry variety forms, in comparison with the Priazovsky 9 standard, an increased: the number of productive stems (by 12 - 36 pcs.), The weight of 1000 grains (by 2 - 3 g), the number of grains in an ear (by 2-3 pcs.), Nature grains (by 20-30 g / l).

The variety is mid-season - from germination to economic ripeness - 82 - 84 days. The heading and ripening phases begin 1 - 2 days later than the Priazovsky 9 standard. Drought resistance and heat resistance are high. It tolerates drought well during the entire growing season, especially during the grain filling phase.

The new variety has an increased content of protein and lysine, which, with a high yield, allows obtaining a higher yield of protein and lysine in protein per hectare. On average, for the 2006 - 2008 study years, these indicators for the Schedry variety (in terms of absolutely dry matter) were, respectively, 26.6 and 41.3% higher than for the Priazovsky 9 standard,

Possesses high plasticity and productivity. Over the years of study in the competitive test of VNIIZK (2006-2008, including the very dry 2007), against a relatively poor background, it formed a yield of 3.29-4.27 t / ha, higher than the standard by 0.54-0.76 t / ha and the best variety Ratnik by 0.38 - 0.56 t / ha.

In the environmental test (2008 - 2011) in the Eastern laboratory of VNIIZK (Orlovsky settlement, Rostov region), its yield averaged 4.7 t / ha, higher than the standard by 0.9 t / ha. In a production test on the VNIIZK field (Zernogradsky district of the Rostov region), the Schedry variety produced a yield of 3.56 t / ha, higher than Priazovsky 9 by 0.42 t / ha.

The variety forms a high yield due to increased indicators of drought resistance, productive bushiness, grain size of the ear, grain size, resistance to lodging and major diseases.

The Schedry variety was bred under the breeding program for increased adaptability for the North Caucasus, Central Chernozem, Nizhnevolzhsky and other regions with similar soil and climatic conditions. The use of the new variety in production will play a certain role in increasing the yield of barley grain, crop stability and more complete provision of valuable grain forage.

Included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2011.

Leon. Originating institution - State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after V.I. I.G. Kalinenko.

The purpose of the variety is for grain fodder and food purposes.

Spring barley variety Leon (Zernogradskiy 1265) was created by intraspecific hybridization with subsequent individual selection from a hybrid combination of varieties Adapt (Ukraine) and Zadonskiy 8 (VNIIZK, Russia).

The year of crossing is 1996, the year of the selection of an elite plant is 2000, the years of the small station test are 2003–2006, the years of competitive testing are 2007–2009.

It differs from the maternal form (Adapt - var. Medicum) in a later earing (by 3 - 5 days), a longer period of filling (by 2-3 days), a lower plant height (by 5-10 cm); a higher number of productive stems (by 40 - 70), the number of grains per ear (by 3-5 pcs.), drought resistance, productivity.

From the paternal form (Zadonsky 8 - var.medicum) is distinguished by earlier earing and maturation (by 2-3 days); increased grain size of an ear (by 2 - 3 grains), a weight of 1000 grains (by 4 - 6 g), drought resistance, heat resistance, lodging resistance, yield.

The variety is medicum. The ear is two-row, semi-erect, cylindrical, straw-yellow in color, of medium length (8-11 cm) and density (11-13 members per 4 cm of the spikelet). Lateral sterile spikelets are deflected, with a pointed tip. Spikelet scales are narrow, longer than the caryopsis. The awns are smooth, longer than the spike, parallel; in the heading phase, they have anthocyanin coloration of the tips. The transition of floral scales to awn is gradual.

Semi-circular (elliptical) grain, from medium to large (1000 grains weight - 43-50 g). The seta is hairy at the base of the grain, the type of pubescence is long. There is no nervation of the flower scales. The jaggedness of the inner lateral nerves of the outer floral scales is absent.

The straw is of medium height (75 - 92 cm), strong, resistant to lodging.

The Leon variety forms, in comparison with the Priazovskiy 9 standard, an increased number of productive stems (by 16 - 86 pcs.), The number of grains in an ear (by 2 - 3 pcs.), The nature of the grain (by 30 - 40 g / l).

The variety is mid-season - from germination to economic ripeness - 80 - 83 days. The heading and ripening phases begin 2 - 3 days earlier than the Priazovsky 9 standard. Drought resistance and heat resistance are high. It tolerates drought well during the entire growing season, especially during the grain filling phase.

The new variety has an increased content of protein and lysine, which, with a high yield, allows obtaining a higher yield of protein and lysine in protein per hectare. On average, for the 2007-2009 study years, these indicators for the Leon variety (in terms of absolutely dry matter) were 39.8 and 50.8% higher than for the Priazovsky 9 standard, respectively.

The variety forms a high yield due to increased indicators of drought resistance, productive bushiness, grain size of an ear, resistance to lodging and major diseases. Possesses high plasticity and productivity. Over the years of study in the competitive test of VNIIZK (2007 - 2009), it formed a yield of 3.21 - 4.45 t / ha, higher than the standard by 0.45 - 1.18 t / ha and the best variety Ratnik by 0.29 - 1.02 t / ha.

Under the conditions of a model drought of the vegetation experiment ("drought"), the grain yield of the Leon variety (125.1 g / m2) was higher than the standard Priazovsky 9 (90.0 g / m2) by 28% and the Ratnik variety (74.0 g / m2) - by 41%.

In the environmental test (2008-2010) in the Eastern laboratory of VNIIZK (Orlovsky settlement, Rostov region), its yield was 5.0 t / ha, higher than Priazovsky 9 by 1.2 t / ha. In the production test of VNIIZK, the Leon variety formed a yield of 4.12 t / ha, higher than the standard by 0.52 t / ha. It is characterized by high adaptability to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid regions of Russia.

The variety has been included in the State Register of Protected Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2012 and is recommended for sowing in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation.

The introduction of new drought-tolerant varieties of spring barley Schedry and Leon will increase and stabilize yields and increase the production of feed grain in the Southern Federal District.

Among farmers, winter barley is gaining more and more popularity every year, pushing aside such garden plants as spring barley. The main advantage of winter varieties is that it is harvested earlier than other crops, which makes it possible to use this area for planting something else. Also, winter crops have a high yield, but one of the disadvantages is considered to be a rather weak resistance to frost. If your garden is not protected, then the first dry frosts can significantly reduce the yield of winter barley. But he suffers from fuses much less often than other cultures.

Planting and leaving winter barley

There are no official norms, as well as the established dates for sowing this type of barley.When planting, you should focus primarily on the climatic and other features of the region. The main criterion for selection will always be the frost resistance of the plant. The growing season for barley lasts about 55 days, which should also be taken into account when choosing a variety. In autumn, the growth of barley proceeds more rapidly, since the vernalization phase is shorter in it than in spring barley.

For winter varieties, September is considered the optimal sowing period, since it is during this period that the highest level of similarity in seeds is noted. The closer the planting date is to the first frost, the greater the chance that the plant will not be able to overwinter, and the yield will sharply decrease. It is climatic conditions that will affect the degree of its survival.

Winter barley varieties:

• The ark.
• Borisfen.
• Diet.
• Worker.
• Cinderella.
• Morozko.
• Decent.
• Selena Star.
• Fantastic.
• Aboriginal.

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Not particularly demanding compared to other cultures. For winter barley, an area where legumes and grasses previously grew is perfect. It is recommended to plant in the same place in the garden where corn was previously harvested, the harvest of which also takes place very early. Provided that all requirements regarding soil cultivation are met, barley can be planted in a place where winter wheat previously grew.

After sowing, the surface of the soil is rolled or compacted, but in winter it is time for a fierce struggle with various rodents. Fertilizers based on nitrogen, feed barley with the onset of spring. At the same time, an event related to the removal of all weeds is being held.

Planting and care of spring barley

Belongs to the category of very important food and forage crops. It is grown in huge fields in all regions of the country. It is often used for the manufacture of barley and pearl barley. Spring barley is extremely healthy as it is rich in fiber and protein.

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For maximum yield, it is recommended to adhere to the basic technology, taking into account the characteristics of a particular region. At the moment, there are over 70 zoned varieties that allow you to achieve the desired yield in any region of the country. It is recommended to plant two-row spring barley varieties that are best suited for mechanical harvesting.

The best varieties of spring barley:

• Sort Krasnoufimsky.
• Variety Margaret - PC2.
• Variety Zeus - ES.
• Variety Moskovsky 121.
• Vakula variety - PC1.
• Variety Helios UA - RS2.
• Grade Donetskiy 4.
• Grade Marni - PC1.

It belongs to the category of early crops, so the slightest deviation from the sowing schedule can lead to a significant decrease in yield. If sowed early, large, high quality grains can be obtained. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that such seedlings are better than others able to resist pests. It is recommended to plant spring barley in mid-May and the farther south the region is, the earlier it is worth sowing. Processed seeds are better adapted, more resistant to pests, diseases and smut.

The necessary conditions:

1. The used seeding rate is selected specifically for each region. For example, in Siberia, the rate of 2 centners per hectare of field is considered the norm. It is also worth considering the type of soil and climatic features of the area.
2. Almost any type of soil is suitable for barley. On clay soils, seeds are planted at a depth of 3.5 cm, but on lighter soils (sandy loam), seeds are planted at a depth of 5.5 cm. For germination, the seeds will need moisture, so the sown area is kept moist.

If there is heavy soil on the site, it is necessary to harrow along the shoots.This procedure will provide young shoots with the necessary oxygen, loosen the soil for normal root growth and remove all weeds. With the help of the harrow, the earth crust is destroyed, which forms immediately after the rain. Ripening of barley takes place almost simultaneously. Harvesting can begin after the spikelets are so heavy that they begin to break their own stems. By using the correct harvesting technique, crop losses can be kept to a minimum.

Malting barley varieties:

• Grade Gladis.
• Variety Avalon.
• Scarlett variety.
• Variety Quench.
• Variety Canggu.
• Ronnie's variety.
• Marnie's grade.
• Variety Philadelphia.
• JB Flave grade.
• Variety of Consita.
• Variety Sunshine.
• Variety Conserto.

The ideal sowing time for all winter varieties of barley is considered to be a period with average daily temperatures in the range of 11-15 degrees Celsius. According to experienced farmers, the described plants react painfully to sudden temperature fluctuations in spring and winter. It has been noticed that the seeds of winter barley can germinate at temperatures from 1 to 3 degrees.

The yield of the crop in question may decrease with early sowing, when unfavorable weather conditions impede the development of the plant. This can be attributed to the fact that barley has a slightly shorter vernalization time (30-45 days) than wheat or rye planted for the winter (50-65 days). With the arrival of spring, winter barley varieties begin to develop intensively and form a harvest a week earlier than wheat, and also two weeks faster than spring barley. In this regard, the crop manages to form grain of good weight and quality before the onset of stable hot weather. The total growing season depends on the variety and region of cultivation of the described plants, it ranges from 230 to 290 days. Now let's describe the most popular varieties of winter barley.

Fantast

A variety of domestic selection, it was bred at the Krasnodar Research Institute. The culture was entered in the state register in 2007. The plant is medium in height, with a weakly formed straw and a straight pyramidal spikelet. The considered variety has good winter hardiness, lodging resistance. Fantast perfectly resists disease, withstands prolonged drought. The crop yield in the variety testing area (steppe zone) was 5.9 tons per hectare.

Chord

Quite an old variety of Ukrainian selection of barley. Zoned for cultivation in the south of Ukraine, specifically in the Nikolaev region. An early ripening culture with a growing season within 260 days. The variety has good winter hardiness, resistance to lodging and major diseases. The plant is quite tall, up to one meter. The yield is relatively small, 2-4.5 tons per hectare, the weight of 1000 seeds is within 40 grams.

Diet

The variety was bred by scientists from the Institute of Agrarian Sciences, which is located in Ukraine. After a short variety trials, the culture was entered into the state register. This happened in 2008. The plant is short, semi-erect, leaves are anthocyanin color, the straw is weak. The Seim barley yield in the steppe zone of Ukraine amounted to 5.7 tons per hectare, on the territory of Polesie - 5 tons per hectare. The variety is characterized by high resistance to drought and major diseases such as powdery mildew and brown rust. Resistance to lodging and shedding are high.

Worthy

In the register of grain crops of Ukraine since 2006. The plant adapts well to various climatic conditions. Decent is characterized by high yields. If the technology of growing the crop is observed, about 10 tons of grain can be obtained from each hectare of crops. The spikelet of the culture is six-row, up to 8 centimeters long, elastic awns, yellow in color. The bush itself is semi-spreading. Leaves are green, without edge, with a thin layer of waxy coating. The grain is slightly elongated, leveled shape, the average weight of 1000 seeds is 40 grams.

winter barley photo

Winter barley

Barley variety Borisfen

Applicant: Myronivsky Institute of Wheat named after V.I. M. Crafts of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2006.

Derived by individual selection. A variety of Pallidum. The type of development is winter.

Plants with a semi-erect habit, of medium height, very few or not plants with an inclined disc leaf. Aphrodisiac leaf with moderate anthocyanin coloration of the ears and moderate waxy coating on the vagina. Early ear formation. Solomina is weak. The awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips, they are longer relative to the spike. An ear with a missing or very weak wax coating, with a horizontal position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical in shape, medium density and length. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a moderate bend. The caryopsis has a film, long hairs of the main setae, there is no or very weak anthocyanin coloration of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, including the location of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the weevil is weakly colored, the shape is elongated elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer floral scales are absent. The ears have a pointed tip and overlap the reach of the straw. The tongue is short.

Plant height - 94-100 cm. Weight of 1000 grains - 42.9-43.2 g. The growing season ranges from 280-288 days. Winter hardiness of the variety in freezing conditions is above average. The variety is resistant to lodging, shedding and drought. Diseases are affected below standards. During the years of testing, the yield at the variety testing stations was 60.0-61.1 c / ha. The maximum yield was 87.2 c / ha in Vinnitsa DCESR in 2004. The protein content is 11.4-12.6%.

Recommended for zones: Forest-steppe and Polesie.

Barley variety Worthy

Applicant: Institute of Breeding and Genetics - National Center for Seed Production and Variety Research of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2006.

Direction of the feed type, to the grain. A variety of Pallidum. Development type - two-handed (alternative).

Plants with a semi-erect habit, with an old disc leaf are absent or very few, of medium height. Aphrodisiac leaf: there is no anthocyanin coloration of the ears, the waxy coating on the vagina is moderate; the onset of earing is early. Solomina is weak. The awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. An ear with a missing or very weak wax coating, with a horizontal position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical in shape, medium density and length. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a moderate bend. The caryopsis has a film, short hairs of the main bristle, there is no or very weak anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, and the frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the weevil has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer flower scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the apex and overlapping the reach of the straw. The tongue is medium. Over the years of testing, the yield was 59-63 c / ha. The maximum yield - 96.3 c / ha was obtained at the Starobelskaya DSDS. The growing season is 266-273 days. Plant height - 88-89 cm. Weight of 1000 grains -43.0 g. Resistance to lodging, shedding and drought is high. Average winter hardiness. The incidence of diseases is below average. Grain evenness is 86%. Starch content - 61.0%, crude protein - 9.8-12.6%. Recommended for zones: Steppe and Polesie.

Barley variety Selena is old

Applicant ZAO Selena.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2006.

Bred by crossing. A variety of Pallidum. The type of development is winter.

Plants with a semi-erect habit, many with an oblique disc leaf, of medium height. Aphidian leaf: there is no anthocyanin coloration of the ears, the waxy coating on the vagina is moderate. Heading begins very early; Solomina is poorly matched. Awns have a strong anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. An ear with an absent or very weak waxy bloom, with a semi-straight position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical in shape, of average density and length. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a moderate bend. The caryopsis has a film, short hairs of the main bristle, there is no or very weak anthocyanin coloration of the veins of the outer floral scales; there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, including the location of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the caryopsis has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer flower scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the top and overlapping the reach of the straw. Tongue is medium.

Plant height 90-98 cm. Weight of 1000 grains 45.5-47.6 g. Winter hardiness of the variety under freezing conditions is average. The growing season is 277-284 days. The variety is resistant to lodging, shedding and damage by leaf rust and flying smut. The average yield obtained at the variety testing stations was 54.0-55.0 c / ha. The maximum yield - 77.8 c / ha was obtained in the Rivne DCESR. Grain contains 10.9-11.9% protein.

Barley variety Hard worker

Applicant: Institute of Breeding and Genetics - National Center for Seed Production and Variety Research of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2006.

Direction of the feed type, to the grain. A variety of Pallidum. The type of development is winter.

Plants with a semi-erect habit, with an old disc leaf are many, of medium height. Aphoria leaf: there is an anthocyanin coloration of the ears, a waxy coating on the vagina is moderate. The beginning of earing is very early. Solomina is weak. The awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. An ear with a very weak waxy bloom missing, with a semi-straight position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical in shape, medium density and length. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a slight bend. The caryopsis has a film, short hairs of the main bristle, there is no or very weak anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, and the frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the weevil has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer flower scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the apex and overlapping the reach of the straw. The tongue is medium.

Over the years of testing, the yield was 59.0-60.0 c / ha. The growing season is 279-288 days. Plant height 91-98 cm. Weight of 1000 grains 43.4-44.0 g. Resistance to lodging, shedding and drought is high. Winter hardiness is above average. The disease incidence is average. Grain evenness 85%. Starch content 59.0%, crude protein 10.1-11.8%. Recommended for zones: Steppe, Forest-steppe, Polesie.

Barley variety Aboriginal

Applicant: Institute of Breeding and Genetics - National Center for Seed Production and Variety Research of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2007.

A variety of Pallidum. The type of development is winter. Plants with a semi-erect habit, with an old disc leaf are absent, or very little, of medium height. Aphoria leaf - there is an anthocyanin coloration of the ears, a waxy coating on the vagina is moderate. Heading begins early. Solomina is weak. The awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike.An ear with an absent or very weak waxy bloom, straight, has more than two rows, is cylindrical, of medium length and loose. The spike shaft has an average length of the first segment and a weak bend. The caryopsis has no film, has long hairs of the main setae, there is no or very weak anthocyanin coloration of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, and the frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the caryopsis has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer flower scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the apex and overlapping the reach of the straw. The tongue is medium.

The average yield over the years of testing in the Steppe zone was 59.8 c / ha. The guaranteed addition is 9.0 c / ha. Winter hardiness 8.6 points Protein content 13%. The variety is resistant to lodging, shedding, drought, and insignificant disease damage.

Barley variety The ark

Applicant: Myronivsky Institute of Wheat named after V.I. V.M. Crafts of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2007.

A variety of Pallidum. The type of development is winter. The bush is semi-erect. Plants of medium height, with an old disc leaf, medium quantity. Aphrodisiac leaf - anthocyanin coloration of the ears is absent, waxy coating on the vagina is moderate. Heading begins early. Solomina is weakly bred. Awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. An ear with an absent or very weak waxy coating, horizontal, has more than two rows, cylindrical, short and of medium density. The stem of the ear has an average length of the first segment and a slight bend. The caryopsis with the existing film, has long hairs of the main bristle, weak anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, the frontal arrangement of the lodicles. The aleurone layer of the caryopsis has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is thin wrinkled, the edges of the outer floral scales are absent. The ears have a pointed tip and overlap the reach of the straw. The tongue is medium.

The average yield over the years of testing was 63.5 c / ha in the Steppe zone. The guaranteed addition is 12.7 c / ha. Winter hardiness at the level of 8.6 points. Protein content 13.3%. The variety is relatively resistant to lodging, shedding, drought, and insignificant disease damage.

Barley variety Morozko

Applicant: Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after V.I. P.P. Lukyanenko.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2007.

A variety of Pallidum. Development type - semi-upright winter Kushch. Plants of medium height, with an old disc leaf are absent or very few. Aphrodisiac leaf - there is no anthocyanin coloration of the ears, the waxy coating on the vagina is strong. Heading beginning - middle Solomina - is poorly filled. Awns have very weak or no anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. A spike with a weak waxy bloom, semi-straight, has more than two rows, cylindrical, short and loose The head of the spike has an average length of the first segment and there is no or very weak bend The caryopsis of the existing film, has short hairs of the main bristle, weak or no anthocyanin coloration of the outer veins floral scales lack pubescence of the ventral groove, frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the weevil has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer flower scales are absent. Ears should be subulate at the top and overlapping the reach of the straw. Tongue - long

The average yield over the years of testing in the Steppe zone was 57.2 c / ha. Guaranteed addition of 6.4 c / ha. Winter hardiness at the level of 9.0 points. Protein content 12.9 c / ha.The variety is resistant to lodging, shedding, drought; disease damage is insignificant.

Barley variety Fantast

Applicant: Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after V.I. P.P. Lukyanenko.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2007.

A variation of the Parallelum. The type of development is winter. Semi-spreading bush. Plants of medium height, with an old disc leaf, medium quantity. Aphrodisiac leaf - anthocyanin coloration of ears is present, waxy coating on the vagina is weak. The beginning of earing is medium. Solomina is weak. Awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. A hair with a slight waxy coating, straight, has more than two rows, pyramidal in shape, short and dense. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and there is no or very slight bend. The caryopsis with the existing film, has short hairs of the main bristle, weak or no anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, no pubescence of the ventral groove, the frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the weevil has a whitish color, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is thin wrinkled, the edges of the outer floral scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the apex and overlapping the reach of the straw. The tongue is medium.

The average yield over the years of testing in the Steppe zone was 58.9 c / ha. The guaranteed addition is 8.6 c / ha. Winter hardiness at 8.0 points. Protein content 12.7%. The variety is resistant to lodging, shedding, drought; disease damage is insignificant.

Barley variety Diet

Applicant. Myronivsky Institute of Wheat. V.M. Crafts of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2008.

The type of development is winter. Plants with a semi-erect habit, low, porcelain leaf with a weak anthocyanin coloration of the ears and a strong waxy coating on the vagina. Heading begins early. Solomina is weak. The awns have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike. An ear with a missing or very weak wax coating, with a horizontal position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical, dense, of medium length. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a moderate bend. The caryopsis has a film, long hairs of the main bristle, weak anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is no pubescence of the ventral groove, and the frontal arrangement of the lodicules. The aleurone layer of the caryopsis is whitish, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer floral scales are absent. The ears should have an awl-shaped apex and a perkyvayuyu coverage of the straw. The tongue is medium.

The average yield of the variety in the Steppe zone over the years of testing is 57.3 c / ha., Guaranteed increase of 3.0 c / ha. The growing season is 260 days. The variety is resistant to diseases of powdery mildew, leaf rust, and helminthosporiosis. Resistant to shedding, lodging and drought. Protein content 13.0%. In the Polesie zone, the average yield of the variety is 50.3 c / ha. Guaranteed yield increase of 0.5 c / ha. The growing season is 275 days. The variety is resistant to diseases, powdery mildew, leaf rust. Resistant to shedding and drought. Protein content 13.6%. The variety belongs to the middle-low and middle group of winter hardiness. Good results are obtained with the introduction of complete mineral nutrition. Agricultural technology is common for growing zones.

Barley variety Cinderella

Applicant: Deutsche Zaatferedelung Lippstadt-Bremen GmbH.

Year of entry into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine: 2008.

The type of development is winter. Plants with a semi-erect habit, very short. Porcelain leaf with a strong anthocyanin coloration of the ears and a strong waxy coating on the vagina. Heading begins early. Solomina - weakly pooled Osti have a weak anthocyanin coloration at the tips and are long relative to the spike.An ear with a moderate waxy bloom, with a horizontal position in space, has more than two rows, cylindrical in shape, of medium length and density. The head shaft has an average length of the first segment and a slight bend. The caryopsis has a film, long hairs of the main bristle, weak anthocyanin coloring of the veins of the outer floral scales, there is an edge of the ventral groove, and the location of the lodicules is heat-resistant. The aleurone layer of the weevil is whitish, the shape is elongated-elliptical, the surface is finely wrinkled, the edges of the outer floral scales are absent. The ears should be subulate at the apex and overlapping the reach of the straw. The tongue is short. The average yield of the variety over the years of testing in the Steppe zone is 55.4 c / ha, a guaranteed increase of 1.1 c / ha. The growing season is 258 days. The variety in this zone is resistant to leaf rust diseases. Resistant to shedding, lodging. Protein content 12.0%. The average yield of the variety over the years of testing in the forest-steppe zone is 56.2 c / ha., Guaranteed increase of 1.4 c / ha. The growing season is 269 days. The variety in this zone is resistant to diseases of powdery mildew, leaf rust, helminthosporiosis. Resistant to shedding, lodging, drought. Protein content 12.1%. The average yield of the variety over the years of testing in the Polesie zone is 51.7 c / ha. Guaranteed yield increase of 1.9 c / ha. The growing season is 268 days. The variety is resistant to diseases of powdery mildew, leaf rust, shedding, drought and lodging. Protein content 12.5%. The variety belongs to the below average winter hardiness group. Good results are obtained with the introduction of complete mineral nutrition. Agrotechnics are common for growing areas.

general information

Barley.

Barley grains are raw materials for the production of pearl barley and barley grits, barley flour, which is mixed with wheat, when baking some types of bread. Barley is in particular demand among brewers, who make malt from it for beer production. But, perhaps more than other industries, livestock and poultry farmers use barley to feed animals and poultry.

In addition, barley also has medicinal properties, it is used to treat diseases of the endocrine system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system.

Description of barley: the height of the stem in wild barley species is 30-60 cm, in cultivated barley - up to 90 cm. Stems are straight, leaves are smooth, in the form of long, narrow strips up to 30 cm long and up to 3 cm wide. To the axis of the stem fastened by means of "ears" located at the base of the sheet.

Variety of varieties and types

In total, almost 200 types of barley are grown in Russia; in terms of production, it ranks second after wheat. Grain is grown for brewing, food industry and agriculture.

Winter barley varieties are most often sown in autumn, when sowing these varieties in spring, the yield is significantly reduced. Depending on the climatic zone, winter barley is sown from September 10 to 20, with later sowing, the yield of winter barley becomes lower.

The most popular in Russia are the following varieties of winter barley - Dobrynya 3, Silhouette, Rostovsky 55, Larets, Secret, Rossava, Prikumsky, Kozyr. Let's consider them in more detail.

This variety of barley is resistant to dwarf rust and helminthosporium spots, but is easily affected by powdery mildew.

Dobrynya 3

Variety Casket - is distinguished by a six-row, dense spike of a cylindrical shape, 5-6 cm long, medium-sized grains. The weight of 1000 grains is 38-41 grams. The casket is a mid-season variety, the growing season lasts about 276 days.

The variety is resistant to low temperatures, drought, biological factors and lodging. A full harvest can be harvested in both spring and autumn sowing.

The casket is a winter variety, zoned for cultivation in the Rostov region, Stavropol and Krasnodar regions.

Variety Rostovsky 55 - has a six-row, dense, cylindrical ear, within 5 cm in length. The weight of 1000 grains is 36-38 grams. Stem height 85-95 cm.

Winter variety, resistant to lodging, low temperatures, droughts, powdery mildew, dwarf rust. It has excellent feeding qualities. Suitable for growing in the North Caucasus region.

Prikumsky 50 - is distinguished by a rectangular, dense spike of medium length, medium-sized grains. The length of the ear is within 5-7 cm, the weight of 1000 grains is about 40 grams.

Winter variety, early ripening, frost-resistant, resistant to lodging and drought during grain filling. Medium resistant to root rot and helminthosporiosis. Mainly grown for forage.

This variety of spring barley is grown for brewing, since it fully meets the requirements of existing standards, high-quality malt is prepared from it. In addition, Gin has excellent performance in cereals - it boils well, has the necessary consistency and taste.

The variety is high-yielding - up to 9 centners per hectare. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant, suitable for cultivation in the Central and Volga-Vyatka regions of Russia.

Sowing the spring variety Gin should be carried out as early as possible; if the sowing is late, the yield decreases by 12.6-18 centners per hectare.

The variety of spring barley is suitable for cultivation in the Perm Territory and the republics of the Volga region, with a yield of 29 to 47 centners per hectare.

Variety Gonar - stem height 75-90 cm, spike of medium density and length, large, oval grains. The weight of 1000 grains is 41-55 grams. Protein content - 14%

The variety is susceptible to head smut, powdery mildew, brown rust, and is resistant to helminthosporiosis and hard smut.

The variety is mainly grown for food and animal feed.

Highly resistant to stem rust and head smut, moderately resistant to root rot.

The variety is mid-season, grains for fodder purposes. The yield is 33.4-48 centners per hectare. Heather has a high drought tolerance, low resistance to stem rust and head smut, resistant to Swedish fly, moderately resistant to helminthosporiosis, septoria blight, powdery mildew. The variety is suitable for growing in the Volga region, the Urals and central Russia.

The Sonnet variety is distinguished by an average height of about 80 cm, with a straight, cylindrical spike. The grains are large, semi-round, the weight of 1000 grains is 50-58 grams, the protein content is up to 16%. It is demanding on the soil, for its cultivation, fertilizers are needed, on poor soil, the yield decreases.

On fertile soils, the yield can reach from 43 to 83 centners per hectare.

The drought resistance of this spring barley variety is below average, but its resistance to lodging and head smut is high. The variety is zoned for Central Russia, the Volga region and the Urals.

Among farmers, winter barley is gaining more and more popularity every year, pushing aside such garden plants as spring barley. The main advantage of winter varieties is that it is harvested earlier than other crops, which makes it possible to use this area for planting something else. Also in winter crops there is a high yield, but one of the disadvantages is considered to be a rather weak resistance to frost.If your garden is not protected, then the first dry frosts can significantly reduce the yield of winter barley. But he suffers from fuses much less often than other cultures.

Planting and leaving winter barley

There are no official norms, as well as the established dates for sowing this type of barley. When planting, you should focus primarily on the climatic and other features of the region. The main selection criterion will always be the frost resistance of the plant. The growing season for barley lasts about 55 days, which should also be taken into account when choosing a variety. In autumn, the growth of barley proceeds more rapidly, since the vernalization phase is shorter in it than in spring barley.