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Rowan is a deciduous fruiting tree or shrub. The fruits are red-orange, varieties with white, yellow, red-white berries are obtained.
Crohn's can be different:
- upright;
- crying;
-columnar;
-pyramidal.
You can plant rowan seedlings in the spring-autumn period. For planting, it is advisable to take annual or biennial plants. A hole for planting is dug 60-70 cm, humus is introduced into it, the roots are cut, the root collar does not need to be buried. To obtain a rich harvest, it is advisable to plant at least two or three varieties. It should be borne in mind that trees are growing, and the distance between them should be at least two meters.
Rowan benefits:
- grows on various soils;
-winter resistance;
-decoration;
-almost does not suffer from diseases and pests;
-useful properties of fruits, which are preserved on trees until winter, and after frost they only become tastier.
Today, edible rowan seedlings for the Moscow region are on sale.
Edible rowan varieties for the Moscow region
Rowan "Titan"
The tree grows up to 5 m. The variety is obtained by crossing the mountain ash "Burka" with an apple and a pear. Bordeaux fruit with a bluish bloom, sweet and sour taste, rich in ascorbic acid. They can be used to prepare not only sweet products, but also to season soups and all kinds of sauces with them. The variety is characterized by a rich annual harvest. Up to 120 kg of berries can be harvested from one copy. The hybrid tolerates drought and cold well. Nothing threatens him, even when the air temperature drops to -50 ° C.
Mountain ash"
The height of the tree reaches 6 m. This is a hybrid obtained by I.V. Michurin when crossing the common and black chokeberry. The fruit is similar to black chokeberry, with an astringent sweet taste. They go to the preparation of liqueur-type wine. Jam from them in appearance and taste resembles the jam from cherries of the "Vladimirovskaya" variety.
Rowan "Pomegranate"
The variety was bred by I.V. Michurin is a hybrid of mountain ash and blood red hawthorn. The height of the tree trunk reaches 5 m. The hybrid can tolerate partial shade, however, with a lack of sun, the number of berries becomes less. Rowan "Pomegranate" loves abundant watering, but does not grow with stagnant moisture. The fruits are tart, not bitter, sour-sweet in taste, pomegranate in color. As a rule, they go for processing. Wines and liqueurs are made from them, various preparations are brewed. From one tree, you can get up to 20 kg of berries. Although mountain ash "Pomegranate" and refers to self-fertile varieties, but with cross-pollination, the yield increases. The best neighbors for her will be a mountain ash of the "Vefed" or "Sorbinka" varieties.
Rowan "Vefed"
The tree is no more than 3.5 m high. It is characterized by medium fruiting. Berries begin to appear 3-4 years after planting. They have a sweet taste, do not taste bitter and do not knit, the color of somon.
Rowan "Sorbinka"
A medium-sized tree up to 5 m high, with a high yield. Up to 120 kg of berries can be harvested from one copy. Fruits are reddish with visible yellowness, sweet, not bitter or knit. You can eat them fresh. Also, various blanks are made from them.
Rowan "Nevezhinskaya"
Trees of this variety grow up to 10 m and more. Fruits reach 15 mm, their color is red-orange or carmine, they taste sweet, do not taste bitter and do not knit. Can be eaten both fresh and canned.
Unfortunately, it is incredibly difficult to find a real variety in nurseries, therefore it is better among friends at old dachas to dig in a seedling in the spring and transplant it to yourself in the fall.
Rowan "Moravian"
Ornamental tree with a pyramidal-ovoid crown.The berries are raspberry-colored, elliptical, almost sweet, slightly sour. They can be consumed fresh and without freezing, since they do not have the characteristic mountain ash taste. Also, from this variety, wine is obtained of good quality and an amazing golden hue.
Rowan "Scarlet large"
The tree is medium-sized, the lateral branches of the first order extend from the trunk almost perpendicularly. When breeding this variety, the common mountain ash was first pollinated with the pollen of several varieties of pears. Then the resulting seedling was crossed with the Moravian mountain ash. The variety begins to bear fruit at the age of 3-4 years. An adult specimen produces up to 50 kg or more berries. The fruits are purple, in appearance similar to cherries, their taste is sweetish-sour, slightly astringent.
Rowan "Businka"
Table variety. The tree grows up to 3 m, fruits appear in 4-5 years, is characterized by high productivity. The berries are red and taste like cranberries.
Rowan "Dessert Michurina"
A small tree usually grows up to 1.5 m. Fruits are set already at the age of one. They are dark ruby in color, sweet, slightly bitter and knit, ripen at the end of July. You can eat them fresh, as well as after processing.
Prices for edible rowan seedlings for the Moscow region
Prices for rowan seedlings depend on the age of the plant. In nurseries near Moscow, annual trees can be bought for 600 rubles.
Forest rowan is an extremely useful plant... Both the honey plant and its wood are beautiful, and feeds the birds in winter, and is also good-looking.
One problem: although its fruits are medicinal, they are bitter... Therefore, they are considered of little value. But this is if you take the wild game, the common mountain ash.
Varietal is a completely different matter... About her and speech.
How to understand mountain ash?
Our common, ubiquitous red rowan belongs to the large botanical genus Sorbus... In turn, almost all modern cultivars have their ancestry from this plant.
Rather, from two of its varieties-varieties: Moravian (Central Europe) and Nevezhin (Eastern Europe).
Moravian mountain ash discovered in the Czech Republic in the 19th century and named after the region where it was found - Moravia. Its sweet fruits, 1 cm in diameter, made this variety interesting for breeders.
From it came, for example, the varieties Edulis, Bissneri and Concentra.
Almost all modern cultivated varieties have their ancestry from two varieties-varieties of mountain ash - Moravian and Nevezhinsky.
Nevezhinsky clone was also found by accident - in a forest near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir region. Sweet, completely without bitterness, the fruits conquered the local peasants, who quickly realized to plant this mountain ash and sell seedlings to neighbors.
And this also happened in the 19th century. So almost at the same time, in both ends of Europe, nature gave a person a sweet mountain ash instead of a bitter one.
Sometimes nevezhinskaya mountain ash is called "nezhinskaya"... Everyone was confused by the wine merchant Fyodor Smirnov, who in the old days traded in tincture on its fruits. Not wanting to reveal the secrets of the recipe to competitors, he deliberately threw out one syllable and named his product "Nezhinskaya".
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin was very interested in breeding high-quality mountain ash. Many of the varieties he created today have either been lost, or have become dusty and have lost their original characteristics, or are stored only in scientific collections. But those that have survived often become the basis for modern breeding work.
From a strictly scientific point of view, it is incorrect to call rowan fruits "berries". It is correct to say "apple". Fruits of the same type are formed by quince, apple and pear.
Titanium
This variety is one of the surviving Michurin creations.... It was created by a complex crossing of rowan, pear and red-leaved apple.
Its characteristics:
- Medium-sized tree (up to 5 meters) with a sparse rounded crown. Shoots are straight, the color of the bark is dull brown.
- Leaves are glossy, dark green.
- Inflorescences are scutes of medium diameter, the color of the petals is white.
- Fruits are slightly ribbed, rounded, weighing 1.2 grams.The skin is dark red, waxy. The pulp is yellow, sweet and sour, tart. The use is universal.
The Titan variety is frost- and drought-resistant, not affected by diseases.
The rowan variety Titan was bred by Michurin, frost and drought resistant, is not affected by diseases
| The chemical composition of the fruit | |
| Sugar | 10,2% |
| Organic acids | 1,4% |
| Vitamin C | 33 mg / 100 g |
| Dry matter | 20% |
Bead
Variety created Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Tatiana Kirillovna Poplavskaya... Fanatically devoted to science, in the 70s of the XX century she was actively engaged in the search and restoration of the lost Michurin rowan varieties.
The bead is one of the first varieties that do not have a tinge of astringency. It is a product of free pollination of Nevezhinskaya mountain ash.
Characteristics and description of the variety:
- A plant of moderate growth, 3 meters high. Shoots are gray-brown, straight. Begins to bear fruit, according to various sources, at 3 or 5 years of age.
- Leaves are light green, serrated.
- The inflorescences are large, with white flowers.
- Fruits are regular, rounded, with a red skin, weighing 1.2-1.9 grams. The pulp is creamy, with a hint of cranberry flavor, but no strong acid. The appointment is universal. Ripen early, by the end of August.
Particularly valuable qualities of the variety - high resistance to extreme frosts, drought, diseases. The yield is high.
The rowan variety Businka has no astringency, is highly resistant to extreme frosts, drought, diseases
| The chemical composition of the fruit | |
| Sugar | 10% |
| Organic acids | 2,2% |
| Vitamin C | 67 mg / 100 g |
| Carotene | 9 mg / 100 g |
| Dry matter | 25% |
Likernaya Michurina
One of the Michurin varieties, lost and restored. It has a lot in common with one of its "parents" - chokeberry.
Characteristics of the rowan garden variety:
- Medium-sized plant, about 5 meters, with a sparse oval crown. Sometimes found in shrub form. Gives strong annual growth (up to 30 cm).
- Leaves are dark green, alternate, pinnate.
- Beautiful dense inflorescences with a shield diameter of 10 cm. The color of the petals is white-pink.
- Fruits are dark purple, almost black, weighing 1 g, ripen in September, stored for a month. The taste is reminiscent of black chokeberry - sweet, slightly astringent. Purpose - for making liqueur-type wines, jams.
Advantages of the variety: high winter hardiness and moderate drought resistance. Flaw: Fruit may rot.
Rowan variety Likernaya bred by Michurin, excellent for making liqueur-type wines, jams
| The chemical composition of the fruit | |
| Sugar | 10,8% |
| Organic acids | 1,3% |
| Vitamin C | 15 mg / 100 g |
| Carotene | 2 mg / 100 g |
| Cellulose | 2.7 g / 100 g |
Ruby
The Michurin variety was also lost, but found, multiplied and transferred for variety testing to T.K. Poplavskaya. Like all old Michurin forms, this type of mountain ash has a slight astringency in taste.
Its characteristics:
- A low tree, 3 meters high, with a drooping crown. Skeletal branches are located almost at right angles, shoots are straight, with light brown integuments.
- The leaves are light green, with a finely serrated edge and a pubescent petiole.
- Scutellum not wide, flowers small, pinkish-white.
- Fruits are rounded-flattened, weighing 1.3 g. The skin is ruby-colored, the flesh is yellow. The taste is sweet and sour, slightly tart. The purpose of the fruit is for processing into juices, jellies, wines, liqueurs, jelly. Suitable for drying.
The plant is resistant to low temperatures.
Rowan variety Rubinovaya is good for processing into juices, jellies, wines, liqueurs, jelly
| The chemical composition of the fruit | |
| Sugar | 12,4% |
| Organic acids | 1,3% |
| Vitamin C | 21 mg / 100 g |
| Anthocyanins | 948 mg / 100 g |
Rubinovaya rowan fruits can replace raisins after drying. To do this, you need to place them in a gauze bag and hang them for a while by the battery.
Scarlet large
Variety bred by the Central Genetic Laboratory. Michurin (today the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants). An interesting, very effective plant, with really large fruits for a red-fruited mountain ash.
Variety characteristics:
- The height of the tree is 5 meters.Crohn of medium density, wide pyramidal shape. Poorly pubescent straight shoots with gray-brown bark and many large lentils.
- Leaves are dark green, with broad lanceolate plates, shiny.
- Wide scutes with a large number of flowers.
- Fruits from 1.7 to 2.5 grams, slightly ribbed, juicy. Scarlet skin, spicy taste, somewhat sour than other varieties, without bitterness. The appointment is dining and technical.
The variety is able to withstand extreme frosts down to -50⁰С. Resistant to diseases and pests.
Large mountain ash variety Alai is capable of withstanding extreme frosts down to -50⁰С
| The chemical composition of the fruit | |
| Sugar | 8,4% |
| Organic acids | 1,9% |
| Vitamin C | 21 mg / 100 g |
| Anthocyanins | 625 mg / 100 g |
White, yellow and orange decorative varieties
In addition to the usual red and black-fruited mountain ash, the efforts of breeders varieties with yellow, orange and even white fruits were bredthat can decorate any garden.
For example, grade Yellow with slender, flexible branches that bend to the ground with a bountiful harvest. From its fruits, rowan kvass, original fillings for pies and jams are obtained.
Rowan variety Yellow is good for making kvass, jam, as a filling for pies
Of orange-fruited, it is very decorative grade Ogonyok - one of the most heat-resistant and drought-resistant. As it ripens, it changes the color of apples from yellow to fiery orange.
Rowan Daughter Kubova - a new variety, bred by spontaneous hybridization of Nevezhinskaya Kubova. The fruits of this tree also have a bright orange color in the ripeness phase, and their taste is juicy, bright, sour-sweet, without a hint of bitterness or astringency.
Kubovaya itself also has orange fruits, but the yield is not so high. Cubic is a derived form from the nevezhin mountain ash, created through folk selection. Its apples are slightly elongated, pentahedral, with a very pleasant taste.
But white-fruited mountain ash, unfortunately, is not suitable for food. For example, the varieties Kene or White Swan have very bitter fruits... However, their compactness and high decorativeness makes it possible to create an interesting play of colors among other rowan trees.
Ornamental white-fruited mountain ash varieties Kene or White Swan (White Swan) are not suitable for food
By combining in plantings, for example, high Scarlet, large, delicate Yellow and miniature White Swan, you can get a combination of benefits and beauty.
All varietal rowan berries are self-sterile. To get a high-quality harvest from them, you need to plant several different varieties next to each other or plant them in the crown of one tree.
Probably, there is not a single village or suburban area, wherever rowan grows. However, gardeners plant it more often for the sake of decorating the site. Meanwhile, there are varieties whose berries are not only attractive, but also very tasty! There is no bitterness in them at all.
Scarlet is large. A hybrid of a rowan with a pear. Its fruits are scarlet-red, juicy, with a slight astringency, but without bitterness. Tasters rate their taste at 4.3 points (out of 5). They are also very large, the size of a cherry (up to 4 g!). The first crop appears in the 3rd - 4th year. Up to 150 kg can be harvested from one adult plant.
The trees of this variety are quite tall - 5 - 6 m. Winter hardiness is simply amazing: the tree can easily withstand frosts down to -50 ° C. It is almost not affected by pests or diseases.
Bead. This variety has standard fruits in size (about 1 g) and color, but their taste is atypical, reminiscent of cranberries, only sweeter (taste rating 4.3 points). Bears fruit in the 4th - 5th year. Productivity up to 70 kg.
The trees are not tall (2.5 - 3 m), winter-hardy, disease-resistant.
Vefed. The fruits are very elegant - orange-pink, shiny, weighing up to 1.3 g. Taste rating 4.6 points - this is the sweetest of all existing mountain ash! Begins to bear fruit in the 4th - 5th year. Productivity up to 80 kg per plant.
The trees are not tall, 3 - 3.5 m. Frosts, even the most fierce ones, are not afraid of them. Resistance to pests and diseases is high.
Pomegranate. A hybrid of mountain ash with large-fruited hawthorn. Her fruits are of an unusual burgundy color.The taste is sweet and sour, with a slight astringency (4.3 points). Quite large (up to 2 g). The first crop gives in the 3rd year. One plant can collect 20 - 25 kg of berries.
The height of the trees is 3 - 4 m. Winter hardiness is high.
Kubova's daughter (Solar). The fruits of this variety are large (1.8 g), bright orange, with an original reddish blush. The pulp is very juicy, tender, without astringency and bitterness. Taste score 4.5 points. Begins to bear fruit in the 5th year. Productivity up to 90 kg. Trees 3 - 4 m high.
Michurinskaya dessert.A hybrid of mountain ash with medlar. Its fruits weigh up to 1.5 g, dark ruby color. According to the taste, as the author of this variety, Ivan Michurin, wrote, "sweet taste, with very weak bitterness, which gives the fruit a peculiar delicate piquant taste." Begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Productivity up to 70 kg.
Ideal for small areas as the trees are only 1.5 - 2 m tall.
Ruby. Fruits are medium in size (1.3 g), dark ruby color. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour taste, with a weak aroma (4 points). The first berries appear in the 3rd - 4th year. The yield of the variety is very high - up to 120 kg.
The trees are not high, about 2 m. It tolerates frost perfectly.
Sorbinka. The fruits are very large, with an average weight of 2.7 g, red with a slight yellowish tinge. Delicate, juicy, pleasant refreshing sweet and sour taste without astringency and bitterness (4.4 points). Fruiting in the 5th - 6th year. Productivity up to 120 kg.
Sorbinka grows up to 3 m. It is resistant to frost, pests and diseases.
Titanium. Hybrid of mountain ash with pear and red-leaved apple tree. Fruits are dark red with a bluish bloom, weighing up to 2 g. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour taste, with a slight astringency (score 3.7 points). The first harvest gives in the 3rd - 4th year. Up to 70 kg can be harvested from one plant.
Trees 3 - 3.5 m high. The variety is very resistant to various extreme conditions (frost, drought, disease).
And also Titan berries have an amazing property: they are stored for up to 8 - 9 months! In other varieties, fruits do not last more than 30 days.
Alexey VOLODIKHIN,
