The best varieties of fruit

In this article I will give a description and a photo8 best fruit trees for your garden... And so in order:

Cherry plum

cherry plum

Number 1 among the best fruit trees for the garden is cherry plum... The advantages of this fruit crop include:

high yield
unpretentiousness to soil composition
rapid maturation
drought tolerance

Trees grow from 3 to 11 meters in height with a fairly developed root system and a pyramidal crown shape. They are single or multi-barreled. Cherry plum wood is red-brown in color, quite hard and durable.

On average, cherry plum lives for about 35-50 years and is characterized by excellent yield (20-40 kilograms of fruits after 3 years after planting).

The leaves are oval and wide. Cherry plum flowers are pink or white, single, with an approximate size of 20-30 millimeters. Blossom earlier or at the same time as the leaves.

Fruits weighing from 7 to 60 grams, depending on whether this tree is wild or cultivated (fruit). Depending on the variety of cherry plum, the color of the fruit can be from purple to bright orange. Strongly sweet to sour taste.

Cherry plum grows rapidly up to 10 years, and then slows down. Tops and other overgrown twigs quickly form on the tree. Due to the shallow bedding of the roots, the tree may well coexist with the shallow bedding of groundwater (up to 1.6 meters).

Cherry plum is a light-loving fruit tree and does not like shaded areas. Recently, many frost-resistant fruit varieties have appeared that can easily tolerate frosts down to -35 degrees.

Cherry plum is widely used in ornamental gardening due to flowering (early odorous and abundant).

Cherry plum is not picky about the choice of soil and can bear fruit where other stone fruit crops refuse to do this. Cherry plum also lends itself little to pests and diseases, which cannot but rejoice.

The best varieties of cherry plum:

Huck (mid-late ripening)
Granite (medium late maturation)
Gold of the Scythians (very early ripening)
Columnar (large fruits, universal)
Cleopatra (medium ripening, high winter hardiness)
Kuban comet (medium early variety, large fruits up to 30 grams)
Avalanche (mid-late ripening, fruits up to 30 grams, the stone is easily separated)
Found (medium ripening, high regular yield)
Traveler (early, medium to large fruits, yellow flesh with banana flavor)
Ruby (with high winter hardiness)
Sigma (also winter-hardy variety)

Cherry

On the 2nd place among the best fruit trees for the garden is Cherry... Cherries are prized for:

high yield
good taste
rapid maturation
relatively good winter hardiness

The tree begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. If cherries are treated against diseases and pests in a timely manner, then by the 6th year it already brings good harvests. I propagate cherries from ancient times not only by grafting, but also by root shoots.

There are a huge number of varieties of cherries and they all differ in the quality of the fruit. Cherry varieties are distinguished by their ripening times.

To the most early varietiesrelate:

Gutievka (pictured)
Vianok
Orlovskaya early
Amorel
Unsettling

TO average ripening period include:

Brunette
Bystrinka
Bulatnikovskaya
Vladimarskaya
Volochaevka
Lighthouse

TO late ripening period includes such varieties as:

Apukhtinskaya
Zhuravka
Menzelinskaya
Turgenevka

Cherries are among the best fruit trees for the garden for their exceptional usefulness. It contains vitamin C in effective doses, riboflavin, folic acid. Cherries contain more iron than apples. And the content of vitamin B2 and B9 prevents the development of such a disease as anemia.

Cherries are consumed both fresh and frozen. They can be used to make great juices, amazing compotes, preserves, jams, wines, ciders, pastries and dried fruits.

Pear

pear

The 3rd place among the best trees for a garden is pear... The crown of a pear has a round or pyramidal shape, prone to overgrowth and thickening. Therefore, you need to approach with particular care when cutting wood. The height of the fruit tree varies, depending on the variety, from 5 to 20 meters. The trunk diameter can be up to 5 meters wide.

The flowering period of the pear begins at the end of April-May. The flowers are white, 2.5-3 centimeters in size. The fruit of a pear is oblong in shape, narrows towards the beginning of the ovary, but there are varieties of a round shape.

Pear begins to bear fruit 6-7 years after planting. And it bears fruit for 70-100 years. The roots of the pear are low-branched, they go deeper into the soil by 40-80 centimeters. The pear reproduces, as a rule, by grafting (read about popular methods of grafting fruit trees in this article). Compared to the apple tree, the pear is a less winter-hardy culture, but there are varieties that can withstand up to -35 frost.

Pear varieties are divided into:

summer
autumn
winter

To the bestsummer include pear varieties such as:

Summer Duchess (pictured)
Space
Lada
Moscow
Severyanka
Elegant Efimova

To the bestautumn varieties include:

Central Russian
Bessemyanka
Botanical
Dessert rossoshanskaya
Marble
Chizhovskaya

To the best winter varieties of pears include:

Alyonushka
Belarusian late
Winter decanter
Lyre
January

Plum

plum

Number 4 among the best fruit trees for the garden is plum... Refers to the genus of stone fruit plants. About 30 types of plums are widespread, but 3-5 types are popular in Russia. The most common plum is homemade.

Home plum usually grows in height up to 6-12 meters. Depending on the variety, the life span of a fruit tree can be 20-30 years. Plum begins to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting. Read about planting fruit trees here.

The root system is superficial and does not lie deep (30-40 centimeters). Plum buds produce 2-3 flowers. Empty (dormant) buds are practically not formed at the plum.

The plum begins to bloom in mid-May and blooms for 1-2 weeks, which is often combined with a spring cold snap. The flowers are white, with an approximate diameter of 2 centimeters. Plum is a rather capricious tree for a number of reasons:

Insufficient winter hardiness (suffers greatly in regions with a sharp temperature drop)
Many varieties are cross-pollinated. For a good harvest in the garden, certain varieties of pollinators are needed.
Poor drought tolerance
Susceptible to the attacks of pests and diseases (read how to deal with them here)

But with all this, the plum is the most valuable berry, and if it receives proper care and attention from you, then in return you would receive:

Exceptional usefulness of the culture (vitamin A, C, P)
Plum is an excellent honey plant (40 kg of honey from 1 hectare of plum garden)
Serves as an excellent rootstock for almonds, peaches and apricots

The best varieties plums:

Hungarian Moscow
Volga beauty
Memory of Timiryazev
Record
Smolinka
Early
Tula black
Egg blue (pictured)

Apple tree

Number 5 among the best fruit trees for the garden is Apple tree... There are 36 species in the genus. In Russia, the most popular is the domestic or cultivated apple tree. Depending on the variety, the home apple tree is divided:

undersized (up to 3 meters)
medium height (up to 6 meters)
vigorous (up to 14 meters)

For vigorous fruit trees, the annual growth is up to 40 centimeters, and for small ones up to 20 centimeters. The shapes of the crowns of apple trees are very diverse: from wide-pyramidal to weeping.

The fruits of the apple tree are also varied: from spherical to cylindrical in shape. It begins to bloom in late April and early May. When a strong flowering begins, then only 10-15% of the flowers of the apple tree are tied, the rest disappear. After flowering, the apple tree is treated for diseases and pests (read how to do it right here)

The apple tree is propagated by grafting. The tree begins to bear fruit 2-7 years after planting. And bears fruit for 20-30 years. The apple tree has a high yield percentage of all fruit trees.

For a person, an apple is a valuable product. It contains 11-13% sugars (fructose, sucrose and glucose), as well as malic and citric acid. A certain amount contains vitamins B, P, C and other biologically active substances.

The best varieties of apple trees:

Summer varieties (Brusnichnoe, Grushovka Moscow, Summer striped, Mantet, Medunitsa, Melba, Dream, Red earlier, Narodnoe, Papirovka)
Autumn varieties (Zhigulevskoe, Cinnamon new, Cinnamon striped, Orlovskoe striped, Autumn striped)
Winter varieties (Anise striped, Antonovka ordinary, Veteran, Zvezdochka, Krasivoe, Lobo, Lighthouse, Orlik, Pepin saffron, Spartan, Welsey)

Cherries

cherries

Number 6 among the best fruit trees for the garden is cherries... The tree grows up to 10 meters high. In very rare cases, up to 20 meters. Cherry looks very decorative and gorgeous thanks to a different palette of leaf shades and a powerful crown.

The undoubted advantages of cherries include its non-propensity to disease. And unlike cherries, it does not attract pests. The exception is dry years. And of course, cherries are much tastier and healthier than cherries.

Fruits are sweet spherical up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Cherry begins to bloom in early April and bears fruit from the end of May.

When planting a fruit tree, the place must be chosen so as to maximally protect it from the north from the north winds, even if you have a winter-hardy variety. Do not plant cherries in shady places - she loves light very much.

As for the soil, peaty, clayey and sandy soils are not suitable. Optimally medium loamy or sandy loam with a high content of fertile substances. Sweet cherry does not tolerate stagnant water, therefore, it is undesirable to plant in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater.

The best varieties of cherries:

Golden loshitskaya
Zhurba
Zaslonovskaya
Muscat
Beauty (pictured)
North
Victory
Festivalnaya
People's

Apricot

apricot

Number 7 among the best fruit trees for the garden is apricot... The tree reaches a height of 3 to 15 meters with a trunk diameter of 25-40 centimeters. The shape of the crown of the apricot is back pyramidal. The apricot begins to bloom at the end of April, before the leaves open. Flowers with white or pinkish petals are about 3 centimeters in diameter.

Apricot fruits ripen in August. Fleshy juicy, round or egg-shaped fruits with a diameter of about 5 centimeters with a velvety skin.

The apricot grows most intensively in the first 5 years of life. And the growth is 70 centimeters per year. The tree begins fruiting at the age of 4-7 years and lasts up to 35-40 years.

Despite the fact that apricot prefers to grow in southern countries, our breeders have bred many large-fruited and frost-resistant varieties.

Here the best varieties of apricotsintended for the central region of the Russian Federation:

early ripening (end of July: Iceberg, Alyosha, Lel, Tsarsky)
medium ripening (first half of August: Aquarius and Countess)
late ripening (second half of August: Monastyrsky, Favorite)

Quince

quince

Number 8 among the best fruit trees for the garden is quince... Quince is an ancient fruit crop. A small tree similar to a shrub, about 2.5-3 meters high. The diameter of the trunk is 50 cm. The leaves are large, oval, dark green.

Quince flowers are also large, white or pink. Flowering begins at the end of May. Begins to bear fruit at 3-4 years of age. Pear-shaped, dark yellow fruits have a pleasant aroma. Ripen at the end of September.

Quince is a thermophilic and light-loving fruit tree, therefore it is not very suitable for central Russia. It takes root mainly in the southern regions with frosts down to -15. But some varieties of quince are able to withstand up to -35. It requires good watering (read how to water the trees in this article), then it bears fruit well and the fruits do not shrink. The disadvantages also include low resistance to diseases and pests. Read how to deal with them here.

Quinces are propagated by cuttings, shoots, layering and by grafting. The best varieties of quince are:

Collective
Krasnoslobodskaya
Teplovskaya
Anzherskaya

What are the best fruit trees to plant in the garden? The selection criteria vary, but the most common is the garden's ability to bear fruit throughout the summer-fall season, from early cherries to late apple varieties.

Let's try to figure out what and when to plant so that natural vitamins are always on your table. About this in the article.

Cherries

The tree belongs to early flowering stone fruit plants, the sweet fruits of which help to cope with spring vitamin deficiency. Cherries contains ascorbic and malic acids, carotene, pectins, flavonoids, coumarin, vitamins and other useful substances that have a beneficial effect on capillary walls, blood clotting and the general condition of the body.

If the size of the garden allows you to plant 3 or 4 trees cherries, then you should choose varieties that allow you to get a harvest from the first decade of June to the end of July. In the middle lane, the most suitable for cultivation are the following varieties: early - Priusadebnaya, Chermashnaya; mid-early - Fatezh, Ovstuzhenka; mid-late - Tyutchevka; late - Bryansk pink.

Cherry

This unpretentious and hardy tree blooms and bears fruit after the sweet cherry, and the latest varieties give their owners a harvest until mid-August. Contained in fruits cherries vitamins, pectins, antioxidants, organic acids, micro- and macroelements help to strengthen the protective functions of the body, prevent premature aging, improve the activity of the brain and the process of hematopoiesis.

In folk medicine, not only fruits are used, but also the stalks, leaves, twigs and bark of the tree. Cherry has an incomparable gastronomic value.

To the most famous cherry varieties include: early - Bulatnikovskaya, Volochaevka, Zagoreyevskaya; mid-early - Assol, Griot Moskovsky; mid-late - Antricite, Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka, Kharitonovskaya; late - Apukhtinskaya, Bolotovskaya.

Pear

The tree blooms at the end of April and, depending on the variety, can delight with its flowering all May. With a low calorie content, the fruits pears have significant nutritional value, and the presence of fiber has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. therefore pear often included in the diet for weight loss. Pear sweeter than apple, but contains much less sugar, which allows it to be used in the diet of people with diabetes.

Pear fruits contain vitamins C, A, PP, K, tannins, essential oils, micro- and macroelements, which have a positive effect on all vital human organs.

The most common varieties recommended for growing in the middle lane are: summer - Dukhmyanaya, Duchess summer; autumn - Zabava, Dessertnaya Rossoshanskaya; winter - Belarusian late, Alyonushka.

Plum

The fruits of the early varieties ripen in early July, and the late ones - in late September - early October. Plum is considered an extremely useful crop due to the presence of vitamins C, A, B1, B2, P, potassium, phosphorus, organic acids and other valuable substances. Plum has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility, and compotes and decoctions prepared from it are used as an auxiliary therapy in the treatment of kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, gout and rheumatism.

The most famous varieties of plums grown in the middle lane include: early - Opal, Morning, Volzhskaya krasavitsa, Skorospelka red; medium - Blue gift, Renklod Tambov, Egg blue, Kantemirovka; late - Memory of Timiryazev, Hungarian Moscow, Tula black, Alexy.

Apple tree

The tree is a real decoration of the garden at the time of flowering, and the fruits are valued due to the presence of malic and citric acid, vitamins C, B1, B2, P, E, carotene, calcium, potassium, iron, manganese, pectins and sugar in them. Apples They help to reduce blood cholesterol and excrete oxalic acid from the body, have a general strengthening effect, reduce the negative effects of radiation and take part in the normalization of metabolic processes.

Also, the value of apples lies in the fact that their winter varieties can be stored for future use, especially Pepin saffron, which has a shelf life of up to 6 months.

The best varieties of apple trees include: summer - White filling, Moscow pear, Golden Chinese; autumn - Borovinka, Volga beauty, Anise scarlet; winter - Antonovka ordinary, Anise new, Bashkir handsome.

Having planted a garden with only five species of the above trees, you can meet the body's need for vitamins, macro- and microelements throughout almost the whole year.

If you want to dilute the usual row of apples, pears, gooseberries and raspberries on your site, take note of our selection of not the most common fruit trees and berry bushes. All of them can be planted in the fall!

September-October for a summer resident is still a "hot" planting season. If by next year you want to diversify the standard fruit and berry "assortment" of the summer resident with not the most popular plants, our article will help you make the right choice. We show rare shrubs and tell you how to grow them in the middle lane.

Apricot

Perhaps the apricot is the most trivial plant on our list. Yes, this is a southern tree. Yes, it often freezes out in the cold winters of the middle zone. But, nevertheless, many gardeners manage to get an excellent harvest every year with frost-resistant apricots: Iceberg, Alyosha, Aquarius, Countess, Lel, Northern Triumph, etc.

The main secret of growing this crop in conditions far from the hot south is the right choice. seats for landing... Be sure to choose a site that is well protected from the winds on the south or southwest side of the garden. Drafts, cold and waterlogging are the main enemies of apricot.

The harvest of apricots can please even in the middle lane

Blooming apricot will decorate any garden

Apricot is considered one of the most common in the middle lane of southern trees.

Soil fertility is not the most important factor when planting an apricot, but for a thermophilic "guest" it is advisable to prepare soil mixture from peat, clay and sand, taken in equal parts. Rotted compost and dolomite flour can also be added here.

They choose a place for planting an apricot and begin to prepare it in the fall in order to plant a seedling at the end of April.

The size of the planting pit should be at least 70 × 70 cm. The apricot is planted so that the root collar of the seedling is a few centimeters below the soil level.

If the groundwater in your area is too close to the soil surface, the usual planting method for apricots will not work. Some experts recommend plant apricot seedlings in earthen mounds with a diameter of 2-3 m and a height of about 1 m. Plus, such a "flower bed" will help protect the tree from waterlogging during snow melting.

Despite the fact that the apricot tolerates dry air quite well, regular watering is still important for it. It is imperative to water the tree during planting and transplanting, 2-3 weeks after flowering and about a week before the fruit ripens. Naturally, in abnormal heat, the apricot is watered more often. The watering rate for an adult tree is 40-50 liters of water, in a drought - 70-75 liters.

From the end of July, watering begins to gradually stop, so that the shoots have time to ripen by winter.

Gumi (multiflorous goose)

Gumi (aka many-flowered sucker) is an unusual berry shrub with beautiful silvery leaves and bright red fruits. It is covered with fragrant white flowers in spring, and yields in the first half of August, 4-5 years after planting. The taste of the berries is pleasant, with a slight sourness.

Gumi flowers are bisexual, so ovaries will appear even on a single bush, although it is still preferable to plant at least 2-3 plants nearby.

Planted multiflorous oak tree at the end of April. The place is selected in the same way as for an apricot - warm, not blown by winds, without stagnant water.

When planting, the seedling is buried so that the root collar is 5-8 cm covered with earth.

Another name for gumi is multiflorous goose

Blooming oak multiflorous

Gumi fruit

Considering that this shrub bears fruit on old shoots, it is recommended for the winter. harbor... To do this, the shoots are bent to the ground, fixed with metal brackets and covered with brushwood, burlap, spruce branches or non-woven material.

When covered with a film, gumi can vanish.

Loch multiflorous responds well to mulching with rotted compost.

You can learn more about mulching in our detailed resource All you need to know about mulch.

In constant pruning gumi does not need. It is enough to regularly remove damaged and frozen shoots. Rejuvenating pruning will have to be done only in the 13-15th year of life. For this, every third perennial shoot is cut into a ring.

Loch multiflorous is valuable because it attracts a large number of bees, as well as contributes to the enrichment of the soil with nitrogen... Its root system is superficial, and nitrogen-fixing nodules are located on the roots. A very compelling reason to plant this shrub in your garden!

Dereza Chinese

You, of course, more than once came across information about the almost miraculous properties of the berries of this shrub - goji... Whether they really contribute to weight loss is a controversial issue, but their benefits for the body have been proven by doctors.

Dereza Chinese, or ordinary, is guaranteed to tolerate frosts down to –15 ° C, and according to some reports, even up to –25 ° C. If the climate in your area is not sustainable, try grow this shrub in containers, and for the winter to bring to the basement or cellar.

In warm regions, Dereza can be planted in the fall, until early October. In the middle lane, this is only appropriate when growing in containers. If you are going to plant the tree in open ground, it is advisable to wait until the end of April.

Goji is nothing more than an ordinary Dereza

Chinese Dereza blooms almost all season

Dereza fruits are known for their medicinal properties

For landing choose a drained area on the south or southwest side.The type and composition of the soil is not critical.

The size of the planting pit is 50 × 40 cm.A distance of 1.5-2 m should be maintained between the seedlings.Fertilizers are applied for planting: 8 kg of rotted compost (humus and peat), 200 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium sulfate and wood ash from calculation for each landing pit.

The seedlings are buried by 5-7 cm. After planting, 30-40 liters of water are poured under each bush, after which the trunks are mulched with peat or humus.

Dereza, which is grown in containers, needs more frequent feeding and watering.

For the formation of ovaries, this shrub does not need pollinating plants, but, as in the case of gumi, when several bushes are planted nearby, the yield of dereza increases.

Dereza is very beautiful - it blooms all season, from late May to October. At the same time, lilac flowers are gradually replaced by oblong red fruits. During the summer, the harvest of berries can be harvested more than 10 times! The most valuable of them are considered to be collected at the end of summer, in August.

Perhaps the only significant drawback of this shrub is thorny shoots.

Duke

The fruit tree with the mysterious name Duke is in fact nothing more than a hybrid obtained by crossing cherry and sweet cherry. Unlike cherry, duke boasts resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis. It is distinguished from cherries by fruits with a slight sourness.

Duke is a hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry

The first domestic duke hybrid was bred in 1888 by Michurin

Duke's winter hardiness is average. For the middle lane, varieties are best suited Ivanovna, Beauty of the North, Nochka-1, Nochka-2, Beautiful Venyaminova, Spartanka, Miracle cherry.

Nearby will certainly be planted cherry pollinator one of the following varieties: Iput, Red dense, Tyutchevka.

Dukeare planted to the sunniest, warmest place in the garden, with a fairly low level of groundwater. These plants do not do well on acidified soil. Planting is no different from planting cherries and cherries. You can follow the advice of our article Planting a cherry seedling: detailed instructions for a beginner.

If the winter is very cold, the duke may not give a harvest at all, because it blooms and bears fruit on last year's shoots.

Cornel ordinary

Cornel is a spectacular bush-shaped fruit tree. It is interesting for its ultra-early flowering: this tree is covered with a scattering of bright yellow flowers even before the leaves hatch on it. Bloom lasts up to 3 weeks!

The color of dogwood fruits is most often scarlet, but they can be golden, pink and even black.

Unlike the plants listed above, this crop can tolerate slight shading... Shelter for the winter is required only at a young age.

Dogwood is one of the first to bloom in early spring

Dogwood fruits are tasty and healthy

100 g of dogwood fruit contains the average daily intake of vitamin C

Planted dogwood in April, before bud break, or in September - early October, no later than 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost. The size of the planting pit is 80 × 80 cm. After planting, it is necessary to cut out every third shoot on a ring, water the seedlings at the rate of 30-40 liters for each bush and mulch the trunks.

Dogwood grows slowly, but really durable and not capricious. It remains only to puzzle over - why does he remain such a rare guest in our gardens?

Raspberry strawberry

This shrub is also called seductive raspberry. Its fruits really look like strawberries.

Strawberry raspberries can be grown as a hedge

The fruits of this raspberry really look like strawberries.

The seductive raspberry has beautiful jagged leaves

The bushes of this raspberry are short and very thorny.

The height of this shrub usually does not exceed half a meter.It grows quickly and forms curtains, so immediately upon planting it is desirable to limit the rhizome... For example, dig in slate around the perimeter of the landing pit. Otherwise, after a few years, your garden runs the risk of turning into a wild raspberry tree.

Strawberry raspberries bloom from June to September, with fruit ripening from July. Unfortunately, there are a lot of thorns on the shoots of this species, and harvesting is not an easy task. For this reason, the shrub is best grown as a hedge. Beautiful foliage and long flowering make it an excellent ornamental plant.

Medlar

This tree loves mild winters and warm summers, so in the middle lane it are planted in the warmest corner of the garden, and for the winter, young plants are covered.

The medlar blooms in June with snow-white flowers. Fruits are small - about 3 cm in diameter, colored light brown. They taste sour, frankly, for an amateur. But they contain a large amount of nutrients and improve the condition of blood vessels.

The German medlar can be grown in the middle lane, in contrast to the Japanese medlar

Flowering medlar german

The fruits of this type of medlar should not be eaten immediately after harvest.

By the way, you can't just eat the berries straight from the tree. Medlar fruits can be eaten only after 2-3 weeks of "aging"... To speed up the process, they can be frozen.

Under landing for seedlings of medlar, a hole is dug, a third larger in size than a clod of earth on the rhizome. Fill it with the following soil mixture: leafy earth, humus, turf and sand in equal parts.

Golden currant

Red currants, black currants, white currants - all these shrubs are well known to us. What about golden currants? The irony is that the color of the fruit on the bushes of this species is also quite varied: golden currants can be yellow, black, and red! It all depends on the variety.

This unusual shrub, unlike other currant bushes, can grow up to 2 m in height. The crown has a neat rounded shape. The leaves are like gooseberry leaves. In summer, the foliage is yellowish-green, and in autumn it changes color to burgundy-orange. Golden currant blooms with lemon-yellow flowers in late spring - early summer. In this case, flowering lasts up to 3 weeks.

Golden currants are in many ways more like gooseberries than currants.

Berries of golden currant could be mistaken for a gooseberry, if not for the characteristic elongated shape and a "tail" of a dried pistil on one side. They are not sour to taste, unlike other types of currants, they are perfectly stored and transported thanks to their thick skin. From one bush, you can collect about 6 kg of the crop, and golden currant bears fruit for 20 years!

This plant is completely unpretentious: it tolerates return frosts, severe winters, drought, all kinds of "sores", is not afraid of partial shading. The main condition is not to plant a bush on waterlogged clay soils.

For landing dig a hole 50 × 50 cm in size, where 8 kg of rotted manure or compost, 200-300 g of superphosphate and 1.5 cups of ash are introduced. The root collar of the seedling should be buried 5-7 cm below ground level. After planting, the shoots are cut to 5-7 cm above the soil level.

In general, trimming the golden currant is optional, although it treats trimming well. But it can, for example, be formed in the form of a hedge or a low tree.

These facts have not convinced you to plant a few currant bushes on your site? Then here's another one for you: you don't need to cover the bush for the winter! In a word, he will not give you any trouble.

White mulberry

Mulberry is an oriental beauty that requires a place in the sun to maintain good "well-being". But, fortunately, the breeders managed to bring out several varieties that are quite adapted to the climate of the middle zone: White large, Smuglyanka, Black Baroness.

For fruiting, you need plant male and female plants nearby... Also note that the ovaries are formed on the shoots of the last year, therefore pruning worth carrying out without unnecessary fanaticism. It will be enough to remove damaged shoots and shorten healthy ones to give them the desired shape. The procedure is carried out in the spring before bud break, but the air must warm up to at least 10 ° C.

By the way, you can't do without pruning: if you don't "tame" the mulberry, then this "obstinate" can grow up to 12 m in height! Of course, given the slow growth rates, this will not happen in one season. For example, this crop brings its first harvest only in the 8-9th year after planting.

Luckily mulberry can also be grown as an ornamental plant... Therefore, a slow entry into fruiting should not be a problem at all - the tree will "work out" its place in the garden with a spectacular appearance.

White mulberry can reach truly gigantic sizes

White mulberry

Mulberries are small, 2-3 cm long, fleshy, outwardly they resemble raspberries and blackberries. Depending on the variety, mulberries can be white, pink, red or dark-inked.

The skin of the berries is very delicate, so they quickly deteriorate and are stored for no more than 3 days, and even then in the refrigerator. It is advisable to eat them or put them for processing immediately after collection.

Plant mulberry seedlings in September - early October, no later than 2 weeks before the first frost, or in the second half of April. For planting, choose a warm, draft-free, sunny spot in your garden. The depth of the planting pit is at least 70 cm (the roots of the seedling should be freely placed in it, and the root collar should be deepened by about 5 cm).

200 g of superphosphate and 8-10 kg of rotted manure or compost are introduced into each planting pit. After planting, the seedling is watered with several buckets of water and, if necessary, mulched.

Mulberries can be successfully grown from seeds. For this, the seeds are left in the refrigerator for the winter, and in April they are sown in a greenhouse. By autumn, the height of the seedlings will reach 40 cm. Young plants are left for growing in a school until 1-2 years of age.

By the way, another advantage of mulberry is high drought tolerance.

Which of these trees or shrubs grow in your garden? Be sure to tell us in the comments!

The vagaries of the weather are discouraging inexperienced gardeners. Apple trees die in your favorite garden, you can't get a cherry harvest for several years, a healthy plum is an unrealizable dream. How to grow a garden that would not be afraid of winter and provide the owners with fresh fruit in any weather changes?

Orchard

Of course, a lot depends on the type of plant planted in your garden. The work of breeders, in the direction of adapting plants to the climatic conditions of specific regions, made it possible to expand the list of varieties that are resistant to weather disasters, and at the same time to promote southern crops to the middle and northern regions of Russia and the CIS countries. The gardens of the colder regions were replenished with new varieties of apple, pear, and plum. Apricots and peaches have been moved beyond the warm south. An increasing number of different berry fields are offered to northerners by breeders.

It is quite understandable that the gardeners of the northern regions want to plant the largest possible list of frost-resistant crops in a limited area, the characteristics of which indicate that they tolerate frosts of -35 ..- 45 ° С. However, in home plantings, such frost-resistant crops do not always meet the expectations of the owners and freeze out with relatively (for them) low frosts at -25 ..- 30 ° C. Why is this happening?

Frost resistance and winter hardiness what is the difference?

Frost resistance is determined by the ability of the variety and species of plants to withstand extreme negative temperatures during the winter period without damage.

Winter hardiness horticultural crops are determined by the plant's resistance to prolonged low temperatures during the rest period ("deep sleep"), including:

to extreme cold snaps in the middle and end of winter (return) frosts,
to sudden drops in temperature in the autumn,
to sharp returns of frost after the spring thaw.

Truly winter-hardy are only those varieties that are resistant to all temperature cataclysms in the autumn-winter-spring periods in a particular region, while the trees continue to function normally, and with minor frostbite they quickly recover.

For example, varieties of fruit crops that calmly endure frosts at -35 ..- 45 ° C in cold regions, in the south and in the middle lane, with temporary thaws uncharacteristic for Siberia, can be severely frostbite.

Improper agricultural technology is one of the reasons for the freezing of fruit crops

It should be noted that one of the reasons for the freezing of frost-resistant crops is the violation of the requirements for agrotechnical methods of growing crops. It is not enough to purchase frost-resistant varieties. They must be correctly placed in the garden, taking into account all territorial and biological requirements.

Give each tree sufficient row and row spacing. Do not thicken the planting, especially crops that require full sunlight.
Do not plant nearby crops, the proximity of which will oppress each other's root systems.
Cultures must be provided with a moisture reserve in the second half of the summer period. After harvesting, in the absence of rain, irrigate garden crops before winter.
When fertilizing in autumn, exclude or significantly limit nitrogen fertilizers.

Let's take a closer look at the best hardy varieties of popular fruit crops for different regions.

Of course, this list of varieties includes the most familiar, with established qualities. But every gardener can choose from catalogs for his garden varieties of crops that he personally liked. The only condition is that the crop variety must be selected according to the sum of indicators of resistance to weather disasters.

For a list of hardy varieties of popular fruit crops for cold regions, see the next page.

Apricot

The harvest of apricots can please even in the middle lane

Blooming apricot will decorate any garden

Apricot is considered one of the most common in the middle lane of southern trees.

They choose a place for planting an apricot and begin to prepare it in the fall in order to plant a seedling at the end of April.

The size of the planting pit should be at least 70 × 70 cm. The apricot is planted so that the root collar of the seedling is a few centimeters below the soil level.

From the end of July, watering begins to gradually stop, so that the shoots have time to ripen by winter.

Gumi (multiflorous goose)

Gumi flowers are bisexual, so ovaries will appear even on a single bush, although it is still preferable to plant at least 2-3 plants nearby.

Planted multiflorous oak tree at the end of April. The place is selected in the same way as for an apricot - warm, not blown by winds, without stagnant water.

When planting, the seedling is buried so that the root collar is 5-8 cm covered with earth.

Another name for gumi is multiflorous goose

Blooming oak multiflorous

Gumi fruit

When covered with a film, gumi can vanish.

Loch multiflorous responds well to mulching with rotted compost.

You can learn more about mulching in our detailed resource All you need to know about mulch.

Dereza Chinese

Chinese Dereza, or ordinary, is guaranteed to tolerate frosts down to –15 ° C, and according to some reports even up to –25 ° C. If the climate in your area is not sustainable, try grow this shrub in containers, and for the winter to bring to the basement or cellar.

In warm regions, Dereza can be planted in the fall, until early October. In the middle lane, this is only appropriate when growing in containers. If you are going to plant the wolfberry in open ground, it is advisable to wait until the end of April.

Goji is nothing more than an ordinary Dereza

Chinese Dereza blooms almost all season

Dereza fruits are known for their medicinal properties

For landing choose a drained area on the south or southwest side. The type and composition of the soil is not critical.

The size of the planting pit is 50 × 40 cm. A distance of 1.5-2 m should be maintained between the seedlings. Fertilizers are applied for planting: 8 kg of rotted compost (humus and peat), 200 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium sulfate and wood ash from calculation for each landing pit.

The seedlings are buried by 5-7 cm. After planting, 30-40 liters of water are poured under each bush, after which the trunks are mulched with peat or humus.

Dereza, which is grown in containers, needs more frequent feeding and watering.

For the formation of ovaries, this shrub does not need pollinating plants, but, as in the case of gumi, when several bushes are planted nearby, the yield of dereza increases.

Perhaps the only significant drawback of this shrub is thorny shoots.

Duke

The fruit tree with the mysterious name duke is in fact nothing more than a hybrid obtained by crossing cherry and sweet cherry. Unlike cherry, duke boasts resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis. It is distinguished from cherries by fruits with a slight sourness.

Duke is a hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry

The first domestic duke hybrid was bred in 1888 by Michurin

Duke's winter hardiness is average. For the middle lane, varieties are best suited Ivanovna, Beauty of the North, Nochka-1, Nochka-2, Beautiful Venyaminova, Spartanka, Miracle cherry.

Nearby will certainly be planted cherry pollinator one of the following varieties: Iput, Red dense, Tyutchevka.

Dukeare planted to the sunniest, warmest place in the garden, with a fairly low level of groundwater. These plants do not thrive on acidified soil. Planting is no different from planting cherries and cherries. You can follow the advice of our article Planting a cherry seedling: detailed instructions for a beginner.

If the winter is very cold, the duke may not give a harvest at all, because it blooms and bears fruit on last year's shoots.

Cornel ordinary

The color of dogwood fruits is most often scarlet, but they can be golden, pink and even black.

Unlike the plants listed above, this crop can tolerate slight shading... Shelter for the winter is required only at a young age.

Dogwood is one of the first to bloom in early spring

Dogwood fruits are tasty and healthy

100 g of dogwood fruit contains the average daily intake of vitamin C

Planted dogwood in April, before bud break, or in September - early October, no later than 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost.The size of the planting pit is 80 × 80 cm. After planting, it is necessary to cut out every third shoot on a ring, water the seedlings at the rate of 30-40 liters for each bush and mulch the trunks.

Dogwood grows slowly, but really durable and not capricious. It remains only to puzzle over - why does he remain such a rare guest in our gardens?

Raspberry strawberry

This shrub is also called seductive raspberry. Its fruits really look like strawberries.

Strawberry raspberries can be grown as a hedge

The fruits of this raspberry really look like strawberries.

The seductive raspberry has beautiful jagged leaves

The bushes of this raspberry are short and very prickly.

The height of this shrub usually does not exceed half a meter. It grows quickly and forms curtains, so immediately upon planting it is desirable to limit the rhizome... For example, dig in slate around the perimeter of the landing pit. Otherwise, after a few years, your garden runs the risk of turning into a wild raspberry tree.

Strawberry raspberries bloom from June to September, with fruit ripening from July. Unfortunately, there are a lot of thorns on the shoots of this species, and harvesting is not an easy task. For this reason, the shrub is best grown as a hedge. Its beautiful foliage and long flowering make it an excellent ornamental plant.

Medlar

This tree loves mild winters and warm summers, so in the middle lane it are planted in the warmest corner of the garden, and for the winter, young plants are covered.

The German medlar can be grown in the middle lane, in contrast to the Japanese medlar

Flowering medlar german

The fruits of this type of medlar should not be eaten immediately after harvest.

By the way, you can't just eat the berries straight from the tree. Medlar fruits can be eaten only after 2-3 weeks of "aging"... To speed up the process, they can be frozen.

Golden currant

This unusual shrub, unlike other currant bushes, can grow up to 2 m in height. The crown has a neat rounded shape. The leaves are similar to gooseberry leaves. In summer, the foliage is yellowish-green, and in autumn it changes color to burgundy-orange. Golden currant blooms with lemon-yellow flowers in late spring - early summer. In this case, flowering lasts up to 3 weeks.

Golden currants are in many ways more like gooseberries than currants.

In general, it is not necessary to trim the golden currants, although it treats scraps well. But it can, for example, be formed in the form of a hedge or a low tree.

White mulberry

White mulberry can reach truly gigantic sizes

White mulberry

Mulberries are small, 2-3 cm long, fleshy, outwardly they resemble raspberries and blackberries. Depending on the variety, mulberries can be white, pink, red or dark-inked.

By the way, another advantage of mulberry is high drought tolerance.

Which of these trees or shrubs grow in your garden? Be sure to tell us in the comments!

How to choose the best varieties of fruit trees? Fruit trees, especially in spring and summer, are a decoration of the garden. You plant them in a group and due to their flowering, and then fruiting, the appearance of the fruit garden always attracts attention with its beauty. You always face the decision which trees are the best, which to plant, so that they bring practical benefits, be fertile and unpretentious in maintenance. Resistance to various diseases, resistance to adverse weather conditions, which sometimes occur during flowering, are also important.There are many varieties of different fruit trees, and we will try to determine which are the best, learn more about their growing season and find out how they are resistant to environmental influences.

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Popular types of fruit trees

What varieties of apple trees to choose? Apple trees are a decoration of any garden. They delight the eye with flowering in spring and spectacular fruits in autumn. If you want to have apples from mid-summer to late autumn and in winter, then you need to plant summer, autumn and winter varieties. It is enough to plant one tree at a time and you will be provided with apples almost all year round. Among many varieties of apple trees, there is a frequency of fruiting. That is, they give a good harvest in a year.

For summer in central Russia, varieties of apple fruit trees Avgustovskoe, Papirovka, Grushevka Moskovskaya, Kitayka gold are good. Varieties for autumn Bellefleur Kitayka, Scarlet Anise, Scarlet Sails. For a winter harvest, it is good to plant such varieties of Anise striped, Renet Simirenko, Cinnamon striped. In the south of Russia and in Ukraine, summer varieties Saffron, Melba, Ukrainskoe, Kalvil Fraasa bear fruit well, however, some apple varieties can be affected by scab. For growing autumn varieties of apples, it is good to have such common varieties as Macintosh in the garden,

Welsey, less common Pepin golden, Pepin saffron

Winter varieties of apple trees: Recently bred Ukrainian very productive variety of red apples Violet. Bunches of apples cover the entire tree so densely that the tree looks bright red. Who does not know the taste of Calvil snowy? An excellent variety of golden apples, famous for their taste and juiciness. Good varieties Jonathan, Golden Delicious, which last for a long time and have a beautiful appearance. We have listed only the most common varieties. But there are many more attractive varieties that you may like with the taste of apples, the appearance of the tree, and the convenience of keeping.
The best varieties of cherries. Cherry trees do not have a long life (about 20 years), but they are beautiful during flowering. Cherries are also early, medium ripening and late. Shpankarannyaya, English early. Cherry Podbelskiy griot dark-maroon color, large sour sweet, cherry variety Griot Ukrainian - this is already an average ripening period. There are also late varieties of self-pollinated cherries North Star.

Peach varieties. If your garden is located in the southern regions closer to the Black Sea, then the peach is a wonderful tree with its red twigs, beautiful pink flowers and delicious juicy fruits. Of course, the peach requires special attention. But it pays off with the wonderful taste of its fruits. Plant an early ripe and frost-hardy peach Alexander or Amsden, from peaches of medium ripening it tastes good Ideal, Mignon early, slightly sour fruits of the Big Mignon. In October, you can harvest late varieties of peaches. Geokchay late - large, high-quality fruits, quite winter-hardy.

Plum If you are going to plant plums in your garden, then choose a place for it protected from cold winds, since the plum is sensitive to spring frosts.

The excellent Stanley variety will provide you with prunes, Renclaude Altana, Green Renclaude with large red and yellow berries, which are suitable for desserts and compotes.

Best growing season for fruit trees

Planting trees is not a difficult process. Planting a fruit tree at the right time has a big impact on the tree's ability to create a strong root system in time and prepare for a bountiful harvest during the growing season. In warmer climates, you need to plant the tree in spring or autumn at moderate temperatures. But if your garden is in the north In an area where it is cold in autumn, the tree will not have time to take root before the frost, so it is better to plant in the spring. Spring planting should be carried out before the onset of high temperatures. Therefore, trees are planted and cared for based on specific conditions, depending on the climatic zone where your garden is located.

You should choose tree varieties that are appropriate for your area. Local trees take root better, grow and bear fruit better.

When planting, you need to follow the rules for pruning fruit trees and cut off the ends of the roots. A small tree will take root and grow faster. When the time for harvest comes, then it also needs to be saved. After all, when fruits ripen, fruit lovers like birds, wasps, flies appear. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures in order to keep the harvest from uninvited guests.

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Date of publication:The best varieties

Cherry plum

Cherry

Pear

Plum

Apple tree

Cherries

Apricot

Quince

Cherries

Cherry

Pear

Plum

Apple tree

Apricot

Gumi (multiflorous goose)

Dereza Chinese

Duke

Cornel ordinary

Raspberry strawberry

Medlar

Golden currant

White mulberry

Frost resistance and winter hardiness what is the difference?

Improper agricultural technology is one of the reasons for the freezing of fruit crops

Let's take a closer look at the best hardy varieties of popular fruit crops for different regions.

Apricot

Gumi (multiflorous goose)

Dereza Chinese

Duke

Cornel ordinary

Raspberry strawberry

Medlar

Golden currant

White mulberry

Popular types of fruit trees

Best growing season for fruit trees

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