The best varieties of black onions

Nigella onions are not a specific type of onion, as the name suggests. So it was customary to call the seeds of the well-known onion, from which onion sets are obtained for further planting. At the same time, you can get any variety - it all depends on the type of bulbs from which the seeds were collected.

Description

The seeds ripen in flowers formed on the arrows of an adult bulb. Usually the flowers are in the form of umbrellas or a ball. The seeds look like small, about 2 millimeters in diameter, black ribbed seeds - it is because of their color that they got this name. Interestingly, the varieties of the Dutch selection do not give arrows. These varieties include Centurion, Bamberger, Sturon, Stardust white onion, etc.

Nigella onion

In the wild, nigella naturally enters the soil and hibernates in it. The next summer, small bulbs grow from the seeds, about 3 centimeters in diameter - they are known to gardeners under the name "sevok".

Having planted the resulting set, already in the next season you can harvest the usual, everyone's favorite onions, as well as green feather onions, which have excellent taste and serve as a decoration for dishes. An ideal candidate for setting is the Turba onion variety, a description of which can be found in this material.

This behavior of the plant is characterized as a perennial onion, the varieties of which can be read in this article.

Beneficial features

The useful (sometimes harmful) qualities of the bulbs are explained by their rich chemical composition - the essential oils of the bulbs contain zinc, silicon, phosphorus and about twenty more chemical elements and amino acids.

Essential oils are excellent at killing disease-causing bacteria and making you feel hungry.

Onions are known for their ubiquitous medicinal uses. It is considered one of the most effective remedies for the prevention and treatment of colds. Onions can be used to treat the following diseases:

1. Runny nose. It is necessary to soak pieces of cotton wool in freshly squeezed onion juice and place them in each nasal passage. Inhaled essential oils will allow you to quickly get rid of nasal congestion, as well as stop the accumulation of pus in the lungs.
2. Angina. In case of severe throat disease, it is necessary to carry out inhalations with the addition of onion gruel.
3. Burns. The bactericidal effect of onion essential oils reduces pain caused by heat damage to the skin, reduces irritation and itching, and prevents the appearance of blisters and watery blisters.
4. Cough. To get rid of dry and wet coughs, it is recommended to mix onion gruel with goose fat in approximately equal proportions. Rub the resulting mixture into the chest and neck area, and then cover the treated area with a warm towel. This mixture can also be taken orally in a tablespoon, preferably in the morning and on an empty stomach. You can also take onions fried in butter for a dry cough expectorant effect.

In addition to these diseases, the use of onion tincture contributes to the overall strengthening of the immune system, counteracts such diseases as hypertension, gastritis and hemorrhoids. Patients with diabetes mellitus, sclerosis and arthritis are advised to start regular onion soup in their diet. Eating onions has been shown to lower cholesterol levels.

The bow perfectly expels worms, and also helps to strengthen sexual performance in men.

Onions are also used for cosmetic purposes. To strengthen and accelerate hair growth, you can rub onion gruel into their roots. After this treatment, the amount of dandruff is significantly reduced and the appearance and shine of the hair is improved.

You can wash your hair with onion infusion, which is very easy to prepare - boil the onion peel in boiling water for 5 minutes, and then let it brew for several hours.

Nigella onions can be obtained in the following way: Choose a few large onions you like. The process of planting the selected bulbs directly on the beds is best done in early spring, as soon as the last snow melts. Alternatively, you can plant them before winter, having well treated the soil to protect it with organic minerals. You can read more about planting onions in open ground before winter here.

It is better to choose a sunny and dry place for planting. The bed must be well dug up, gradually adding humus mixed with wood ash.

Flowering period and ripening of onion seeds

It must be remembered that onions love being close to carrots - this culture scares away onion flies. You can also plant seedlings of dill and calendula seeds on the onion garden - dill also prevents the invasion of insects harmful to onions, and calendula prevents round earthworms from developing.

If very long arrows have grown from the bulbs, they must be tied up in order to prevent them from breaking.

It is recommended to observe a moderate regime of watering the bulbous beds.

In summer, you need to wait for the appearance of onion umbrellas, which, after flowering, accompanied by the opening of the seed pods, scatter the desired seeds near them.

There is a risk that insects such as wasps or onion flies can harm the bulb during flowering. Gardeners shield themselves from this danger by covering the flowers with a gauze cap. This method will prevent the seeds from scattering on the ground and protect the flower from harmful insects.

You can get nigella in a faster way. - just collect the onion umbrellas, put them on newspapers in a dry, warm room and wait for about 2-3 weeks to ripen.

The resulting seeds quickly lose their germination, so it is recommended to use only fresh seeds for planting.

Immediately before planting seeds, it is recommended to check their germination. You can place the seeds in an ash solution prepared at the rate of one tablespoon per liter of water. The seeds are poured into a tissue bag, which is dipped into the solution for about 12 hours.

After soaking, the seeds are germinated on a moistened cloth at an ambient temperature of about 20 ° C.

If the germination percentage is more than 75%, then the seeds are fresh and ready for planting.

The nigella purchased from the hands must be disinfected in a diluted solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour. This is necessary in order not to "bring" many unpleasant diseases to your garden.

Landing

Nigella onions are sown in late winter or early spring. The date in each case is determined based on the weather conditions of the region and the recommendations of the lunar calendar for a certain year. It is better not to hesitate with planting - planting seeds too late can cost you late ripening and a decrease in onion yield. Planting onions in spring with seeds is described here.

Before planting seeds, you need to find the best place for this.As mentioned earlier, it is better to choose the location of the garden in a sunny place. It is also necessary to take into account which crops were previously planted on the selected bed. Optimal precursors for a successful onion harvest are vegetables of the nightshade family, such as potatoes, peas, beans... Usually, these plants are well fertilized with manure, so that repeated fertilization can be avoided.

The soil for onions is prepared in the usual way - all weeds must be removed along with the roots. This is due to the fact that the roots of the weeds during weeding can damage the fragile roots of the bulbs.

You can sow nigella in the following ways:

• wide-row (45 centimeters);
• tape (20 + 50 centimeters);
• broadband (between rows 45-60 centimeters, between stripes - 4-10).

However, it is not necessary to sow onion seeds in rows, you can also randomly - the main thing is to maintain a sufficient distance between crops.

The seeds are placed in moist soil to a depth of 1-2 centimeters. In regions with frequent strong winds and light soil, the pit depth can be increased up to 3 centimeters to prevent the seeds from blowing out.

It is not recommended to water the planted seeds abundantly before sprouting, you just need to keep the soil moist. Watering early will create a crust that makes it difficult for seedlings to emerge. If the soil crust has formed, it must be carefully loosened.

Thinning of the seedlings should be done immediately after the germination of the first shoots, while it should be thick. After this procedure, the onions must be saturated with important vitamins and minerals contained in fertilizers. You can use, for example, manure or mullein solution.

Seedlings need to be watered abundantly, but carefully to prevent liquefaction of the soil around the bulbs. Watering should be stopped a month before the onion ripens. Lodging of feathers and softening of the stem can serve as a sign of imminent ripening.

Onions are usually harvested in September, before freezing.

Planting before winter (roughly at the end of October) does not differ much from spring sowing. The soil is prepared in exactly the same way - it is weeded, cleared of weeds, if necessary, fertilized with compost. Grooves and seedling care are done in the same way.

Before winter, the beds must be insulated with spruce branches, peat or sawdust. Snow also serves as an excellent cover for the bow. In snowless areas, it is recommended to protect crops with plastic wrap. In the spring, when the weather is warm, the film must be removed. A lot of moisture accumulates under it, because of which the crop can simply rot. After removing the film, the soil must be loosened well again and treated with ash.

Mulching onions with small straw

Subsequent care for the sown onions consists in timely watering, the frequency of which depends on climatic conditions, and on the frequency of precipitation, and on the type of soil. It is important not to overdo it with the watering procedure - stagnant water harms the onion. On average, it is recommended to water the onion garden once a week; in hot weather without precipitation, the frequency of watering can be increased up to twice a week. After watering, you can loosen the soil slightly to prevent crusting. How to water onions outdoors in autumn and spring is described here.

The arrows that appear on the bulbs need to be broken out.

With fertilizers, the principle is the same - it's good when in moderation. 2 weeks after sowing, you need to stimulate the rapid growth of onions by nitrogen fertilizing. This is done by adding urea, compost or ammonium nitrate to the water. The procedure can be repeated after a couple of weeks. It is not forbidden to feed the onion with mullein infusion. It is allowed to use special fertilizers specifically for this crop, purchased in the store.

Insect control should also be included in the complex of procedures for caring for future crops.The main pest is the onion fly, which will help to get rid of regularly scattering ash over the bed with the addition of tobacco ash.

To prevent such a disease of onions as powdery mildew, when the leaves become covered with a gray fluff and begin to die off, and the bulbs rot, you can treat the soil before seedlings with Bordeaux liquid. If the sprouts have already sprouted, you can use the drug Ridomil Gold.

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conclusions

After reading all of the above, you may get the impression that planting nigella is difficult. However, it is not. From nigella, you can get both a set, which then, when planted, yields regular onions, or immediately a crop of regular-sized onions. Everything will depend on the date of sowing and harvesting, care of seedlings, the amount of watering and many other factors.

Nigella is also convenient because it can be planted both in the spring and before winter. In both cases, the harvest is rich with proper care.

Another plus of growing onions from nigella is an easy way of storing seeds, which does not take up much space, unlike the same seeding... It is enough to find a jar, a dry warm room - and nothing can damage your seeds.

When buying seeds on the market, you can expect that you will come across nigella of rather rare varieties of onions, the seed of which is sometimes impossible to purchase, or it is too expensive.

Thus, growing onions from nigella seeds is very profitable - they are inexpensive, they do not require special storage space, and the harvest from them can be obtained in just one year. Also, nigella is an ideal planting material if you plan to grow onions on a feather in a greenhouse.

Onions are widely used in different cuisines of the world: as a flavoring seasoning for dishes, a component for salads, they are used to prepare first courses, side dishes and even desserts. The nutrients in its composition are very beneficial for human health. Onions are also used in folk medicine for making various rinses, rubbing, and tinctures.

Vegetable culture has many varieties, differing from each other in color, appearance, taste, pungency. Chernushka onion is not a popular name for some special type of onion, but for the seeds of an ordinary onion, from which a full-fledged onion can be grown in a year or two (depending on the cultivation method and variety).

Features of black onion

The crop obtained from black onions has a high vitality. The natural growing process allows plants to adapt to the environment as much as possible.

Onions grown in this way receive high immunity from many diseases and pests and give a richer and better harvest. Using black onions for planting, you can not store the sets and free up space in the pantry or cellar. If you plant black onions before winter, you can do other vegetables in the hot spring season.

Variety selection

The method of planting onions from seeds makes it possible to obtain high-quality planting material adapted to the conditions of the region. All onion varieties offered in Russia can be conditionally divided by origin into southern and northern.

Northern onion varieties are long-day plants that require at least 16 hours of daylight to form a crop.

For middle and northern regions, varieties Myachkovsky, Siberian annual, Belovezhsky, Spassky, Yantarny, Bessonovsky, Boterus, Strigunovsky, Timiryazevsky, Zolotnichok are suitable. Southern varieties (Karatalsky, Chalcedony, Kopra F1) require about 13 hours of daylight hours to form a crop.

Among the imported varieties, Robusta (Holland), Stuttgarten (Germany), Wolska (Poland) have proven themselves well. For long-term storage, it is best to choose the varieties Bessonovsky, Myachkovsky, Odinovets, Kasatik.

Germinating seeds

When growing onions, it should be borne in mind that the germination of its seeds is quickly lost.Grains not planted in the next season, after a year, reduce germination by almost half, and in subsequent years it completely disappears. Therefore, you only need to sow fresh seeds and in any case check them for productivity.

To do this, a month before sowing, you need to take a certain amount of seeds and wrap them in a damp cloth. The next 14-18 days, the matter in which the fruitful grains are located is periodically moistened. After the expiration of this time, an inspection of the germination of seeds is carried out. 75% of them should give young shoots. If the number of sprouts is much smaller, the grains are unsuitable for planting.

Chernushka onion seeds are recommended to germinate before planting. For this, cheesecloth is folded in several layers and seeds are placed in it. Add a few drops of Epin to a half-liter jar of warm water.

Gauze with seeds is dipped into the solution and kept in it for a day. Then the bag of seeds is taken out, the excess water is slightly squeezed out and, for the prevention of fungal diseases, it is placed for 15 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. After that, the bag is squeezed out again, placed in a plastic bag inflated with air and tied.

Place the seed bag in a warm, lighted place. The seeds will hatch well after 4-5 days, and some will even have time to sprout thin stems.

It is necessary to plant the nigella on time: the stems that have become too long during planting may break off and the seed will no longer be able to grow. Before planting, the seeds of nigella are dried and powdered slightly with chalk powder so that they become free-flowing and clearly visible on the ground.

Sowing time in open ground

The time for sowing nigella in open ground comes in the spring, when the earth warms up to a temperature of + 3- + 4 ° С. For winter, seed onions are planted in late autumn.

Soil and climatic features in different regions affect the timing of sowing chernushka onions. In the south of Russia, it is sown in March with the onset of warm days, and in the middle of summer, seedlings are harvested. In the Urals and Siberia, weather conditions make it possible to sow nigella in open ground only in April. For planting seedlings in a garden bed, the best period comes from May 1 to 10.

It is important not to be mistaken with the timing of the winter sowing of black onions. A significant difference in weather conditions in different regions leads to a significant difference in the timing of sowing. In the northern regions, chernushka is sown at the end of October, and in more southern regions, this can be done in November and even at the beginning of December.

Site selection and soil preparation

To grow onions on the site, it is necessary to choose a place well-lit by the sun, but a slightly shaded one is also allowed. The plant does not tolerate lowlands with stagnant cold air and moisture vapor. The site should be as open as possible and with a flat surface.

The optimum soil acidity for onions should not exceed 6.4-7.9 NS. To neutralize acidic soil, 500 grams of lime must be added to 1 square meter of the site.

Onions grow well on fertile, moderately loose soils. It will give a rich harvest in the area where potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers or beans were grown. If manure was applied for these crops, then fertilizers with a high nitrogen content do not need to be added.

You can use ready-made feeding kits specially designed for onions. The proximity to carrots, which does not allow the appearance of onion flies, has a beneficial effect on the yield of onions.

Fertile soil is one of the prerequisites for growing nigella. The onion bed must be prepared in advance. In the fall, when digging, half a bucket of humus, 15 grams of potassium sulfate and 25 grams of superphosphate are introduced per 1 square meter of the area of ​​the site. It is impossible to use manure instead of humus: at the initial stage of decomposition, it releases into the environment many gases harmful to plants.

A chemical burn received at best will have a very bad effect on their development and productivity.In the worst case, this can even lead to the death of seedlings. Humus, which is completely rotted manure, has a homogeneous crumbly structure and a dark brown color. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the finished humus are in a form available to plants.

Sowing technology

There are several ways to sow nigella onions.

Spring sowing

Chernushka onion seeds are sown in shallow furrows, the distance between which should be at least 25 centimeters. Too narrow aisles should not be done, since it will be inconvenient to loosen the ground and remove weeds.

Seeds, especially germinated ones, are undesirable to plant in dry soil: their delicate stems can dry out and disappear. If there is insufficient rainfall, the furrow for the nigella must be well watered before sowing.

Onions are attacked by a pest such as an onion fly. The insect is very sensitive to table salt, so the groove is "salted" before sowing. It's okay if you forgot to salt when planting: later the beds can be watered with saline solution (300 grams of salt per 10 liters of water).

Nigella does not like a rare planting, so the seeds are sown quite thickly. Sprinkle them with humus or compost on top and compact the soil. Planting depth should not exceed 2 centimeters, seeds sown too deep may not sprout.

Winter sowing

Before winter, it is better to sow early ripe varieties of Strigunovsky and Bessonovsky onions.

In late autumn, before sowing seed onions for the winter, it is necessary to loosen and fertilize the garden in advance. Soil for nigella requires very careful preparation. Weeds must be removed from the soil so that the weed roots remaining in it do not damage the first tender shoots when they sprout.

Having formed furrows with rather wide aisles on the bed, they are left in this state until the very cold. After the first frost, the black onion is sown in the prepared grooves.

From above, the sown seeds are sprinkled with a thin layer of humus earth 3-4 centimeters thick. During severe winter frosts, it is necessary to ensure that the beds are covered with snow. If it is not there, dust, dry leaves or other warming material is poured on top with a layer of at least 20 centimeters.

From above, the garden bed is covered with twigs so that they keep the snow all winter. In the spring, after the snow melts, the bed is again sprinkled with peat or humus.

Growing seedlings

In order to grow a full-fledged bulb from nigella in one season, already in February or early March, onion seeds are sown for seedlings.

It is better to grow seedlings of annual varieties: Stuttgarter rizen, Exibishen, Strigunovsky, Danilovsky 301, Odintsovets, One-year-old Siberian.

To do this, take containers with a height of at least 10 centimeters and fill them with a substrate prepared from 2 parts of forest land, 1 part of river sand and 1 part of humus. Before sowing, the box with prepared soil must be frozen.

Sprouted or dry seeds are embedded in moistened soil to a depth of no more than 1.5 cm. The surface of the substrate is compacted, sprayed with water and covered with foil. The containers are placed in a warm, lighted place with an air temperature of about + 5 ° C.

After the emergence of shoots, the film must be removed, and the temperature must be reduced for 5 days to + 12 ° C. Then it is increased to + 15- + 20 ° С during the day and + 12 ° С at night. So that the seedlings do not stretch out and do not get sick with fungal diseases, it is recommended to air it twice a day. With the help of a watering can with a diffuser, the seedlings are regularly watered.

Seedlings are ready for transplanting in open ground in a month on average. By this time, the plant should form 3-4 true leaves, have a thickness of at least 3 millimeters at the base. Seedlings are placed at a distance of 8-10 centimeters from each other. The surface of the bed must be compacted and watered. In the first week after planting, daily watering will be required, then the rate is reduced.

Onion care

Planting and caring for black onions is not particularly troublesome.Providing timely loosening and watering, feeding and control over pests and diseases, in the fall, you can get a rich harvest of a useful and unpretentious vegetable.

Nigella grows slowly, therefore, so that the seedlings are not "lost", weeds must be removed in a timely manner in the onion garden.

Until mid-July, the plants are watered, the soil is loosened after precipitation or watering to prevent drying out and crust formation. In dry soil, the onion goes into a dormant state and practically stops developing. The result is a weak and small onion set that is poorly stored.

Too thickened planting of nigella onions requires thinning, which is carried out after the first pair of stems appears in the plant. A distance of 2 centimeters is left between the seedlings. The onion sets will be the larger the more distance you leave, but there is no need for large onions in this case.

Onions are fed twice during cultivation. Immediately after thinning, the first feeding is carried out. Plants are fertilized with mullein infusion diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. You can feed nigella and mineral fertilizers (1 tablespoon of urea or ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water).

10-15 days after the first, the second top dressing is carried out, in which 20 grams of superphosphate and potassium salt are added to the soil.

Nigella onions can be attacked by an onion fly, a root onion mite, an onion lurker, and an onion hoverfly.

A set of preventive measures will help prevent the appearance of pests:

• plant calendula, dill or carrots in the beds next to the onions;
• observe crop rotation;
• plant seeds as early as possible;
• carry out periodic deep loosening of the soil, including in the fall, when preparing the beds for autumn sowing.

Periodically sprinkle onions with wood ash or tobacco dust to repel pests. Ash will additionally serve as a mineral fertilizer.

Rotting and powdery mildew are most dangerous for young plants. Onion rotting is provoked by an excess of nitrogen in the soil, damage by downy mildew, damage by an onion fly.

Downy mildew is formed on the bulbs if onions are planted in the same place for more than 3 years, fresh manure is placed under planting, the vegetable is not treated with special prophylactic agents.

Harvesting and storage

Correctly grown senets will be better stored in winter, and an excellent harvest will grow from them next year. In order for the onion sets to ripen and to be well stored in winter, watering is stopped in mid-July.

Harvesting of black onions begins in mid or late August. The sevok is dug when the neck of the plant dries up, the onion tops lie down and turn yellow.

They choose a clear sunny day for this so that the small onions can be dried well in the sun. If the crop can get wet, it is harvested and laid out in one layer in a well-ventilated dry room. The fallen husks and leaves of each onion are removed as they dry.

Thorough drying guarantees the safety of the onions until spring. Experienced gardeners dry onions in 3 stages:

• kept for the first week in a room at a temperature of about + 20 ° C;
• the second week - + 30 ° С;
• in the third week, the temperature is raised to + 35 ° C.

This temperature regime is maintained with the help of household heating appliances.

Storage onions are sorted by size and placed in boxes or bags for storage. Store it in a cool, dark place with a temperature not exceeding + 18 ° C. Onions are periodically sorted out, removing rotten, dried or spoiled vegetables.

It is common for gardeners to grow onions from sets, and someone also uses samples to plant them. But recently, many have begun to switch to another method, sowing onion seeds and getting full-fledged bulbs in the first year. Cultivation and care are not so difficult, but it makes it possible to save money on the purchase of a ready-made set or sample.And the variety of varieties on sale of seeds is much greater than that of the same seed.

Growing onions from nigella seeds

First you need to clarify what nigella is. This is an unusual name for onion seeds because of their black color. The traditional method of growing onions in two seasons implies that in the first year after sowing the seeds are sowed, and in the second year, large bulbs are obtained from it. At the same time, the sowing itself can be done in different ways:

• in early spring on ridges in open ground;
• in the spring through seedlings;
• autumn before winter.

If you want to grow a turnip already in the first summer, you must use the seedling method, as well as purchase the appropriate varieties. They must be early or early maturing and form small-buds.

Regardless of the method, the obligatory step is to prepare the nigella for sowing, which will allow you to get good and strong seedlings.

How to prepare seeds

Onions, even in one basket, can have seeds of different sizes, while larger specimens germinate better. Therefore, either purchased or harvested seeds on your site must first be calibrated.

You can use a sieve for this, you can put the nigella in a jar of water, selecting for sowing only the material that settles to the bottom. Small seeds and debris are removed. After such a "bathing", the nigella is dried.

Also, seeds are checked for germination. About three weeks before the expected sowing date (on ridges or seedlings), about 30 pieces of nigella are placed for germination in a wet tissue. It should be placed in a warm place, and the emergence of sprouts should be controlled. If germination is good, then most of the seeds will germinate in 8-10 days. With a small number of sprouts, there is a reason to think about replacing the seed with a better one.

Immediately before planting, nigella is subjected to other "tests", namely:

• prepare a pink solution of potassium permanganate and dip the nigella into it for disinfection (30 minutes will be enough);
• soak the seeds in any growth stimulant (act strictly according to the instructions).

Further, the nigella can be put on a wet tissue for germination, or it can be slightly dried and sown immediately after the growth stimulator.

Preparation of beds for growing in the open field

Onion beds should be prepared in the fall, choosing sunny places with light and fertile soil.

Important!

On acidic soils, dolomite flour or lime is required.

The beds are carefully dug up, all weeds are removed, and fertilizers are applied. You can use humus or compost, and complex fertilizers (for example, nitroammofoska) are perfect to provide nutrition for future bulbs.

It is better to place an onion bed next to carrot crops, this will avoid damage to vegetables by pests.

The best previous crops are legumes, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, but if bulbs grew on the ridge last season, then it is better to choose another place for sowing.

Sowing with seeds on the ridges

For spring sowing on ridges, the timing is chosen depending on the climatic conditions of the region. Has the earth thawed out? So, you need to prepare the seeds and start planting. To do this, rows are made on the ridge, trying to maintain a distance between them up to 20 cm.The depth is up to two centimeters, more is not needed for the chernushka.

In order to sow conveniently, you can mix nigella with chalk, so the black onion seeds will be noticeable.

It is not necessary to sow thickly, but if there are such places, then you will have to thin out the seedlings. After the nigella is sown, you need to lightly sprinkle it with soil, humus or peat. You can slightly sprinkle the soil with a spray gun, preventing the formation of a crust on the surface.

Sowing seedlings: planting and care

Experienced gardeners also practice this method, but for this there must be time, as well as a place in the apartment (if the seedlings are grown at home).When to plant? In terms of time, March is considered the best time, more precise dates are set based on the favorable days of the current year and the climatic conditions of the region.

The soil mixture, as well as the containers for sowing nigella, are prepared in advance. The soil should be light, fertile. You can first sow nigella in boxes or containers, and then unpack the seedlings into separate pots. You can immediately sow in boxes, where the seedlings will be located before planting on the ridges.

On a note!

For growing nigella seedlings, containers, seedling cassettes, boxes are suitable.

Small grooves are made in the soil (up to 1.5 cm deep), watered, then the nigella is carefully laid out. They try to maintain the distance between the seeds, about 2-2.5 cm will be enough. Next, sprinkle the nigella with earth, cover the container with film or glass and remove it to a dark and warm place. Optimum temperature is around 25ºC before sprouting.

A remedy from which plants grow by leaps and bounds! Just water your plants with it ...

As soon as the nigella sprouts, the shelter is removed and the container is rearranged to the light. It is imperative to lower the temperature - to 14-18 ºC, provide the onion seedlings with good illumination.

Care is usual, as well as for seedlings of other vegetable crops: watering as the soil dries up, loosening. The seedlings should be strong, green, and have 4 leaves by the time of planting. Growing seedlings should be about 12 cm tall.

As soon as the weather permits (in terms of the end of April, the beginning and the middle of May), the seedlings are determined on the ridges prepared in the fall. It is advisable to harden the seedlings approximately 7-10 days before its "move" to a permanent place. To do this, boxes or containers are taken out to balconies, loggias, verandas, so that the plants get used to the fresh air, temperature, and adaptation on the ridges in the open field is faster.

Sowing before winter

If you want to grow a full-fledged turnip in 1 season, the best way would be to sow nigella in the fall. Why is this option convenient?

• Nigella will germinate earlier in the spring, therefore, the ripening period will increase, which means that it is more likely to get an excellent full-fledged turnip by autumn.
• Onions grown during winter sowing are better stored.
• The seedlings of such onions are stronger, healthier, hardened, therefore, and they will give high-quality onions.
• Significant time savings in spring, because in addition to chernushka, gardeners need to deal with other crops.

The timing of the winter sowing of nigella is determined based on the characteristics of a particular area. Residents of the northern regions will have to engage in the sowing campaign in mid or late October, but for the southern regions, the dates will be shifted until November.

On a note!

Usually they are guided by the timing of the onset of frost, sowing about 15-16 days before the cold weather.

Rows are made on prepared ridges, seeds are mixed with chalk and sown. Then, again, sprinkle with earth and mulch.

For mulch, you can use spruce branches, peat, dry sawdust. Do not neglect mulching, as this will save moisture in the soil and protect the nigella from the cold.

Later, when snow already falls on the garden, they control so that the ridges with the planted seeds are not exposed. You can additionally sprinkle them with snow.

In early spring, when the snow melts, they remove the mulch from the beds and then carry out all the necessary work to care for the seedlings.

Agrotechnics

All the techniques for growing nigella are quite common, there are no special procedures here.

Watering

How to water onions properly? There is no single point of view on this issue. The main thing is not to allow the onion bed to dry out, and also to exclude an excess of moisture. Watering will be needed in dry weather, especially during the first growing season. The regularity depends on the weather, since if there is enough rainfall, then it is quite possible that you will not have to water the onion planting yourself.

Weeding

An obligatory agrotechnical method, especially at the initial stage, when the seedlings of the nigella are still weak. Weeds can drown out all plantings, in addition, in such areas, the yield of onions sharply decreases, and the bulbs themselves grow of poor quality.

Loosening

Gently loosen the aisles, carry out the procedure all season. This improves the condition of the soil, prevents the formation of a crust on its surface. It is advisable to carry out loosening after watering or rains.

Top dressing

Do I need to feed the onion? If the ridges have been well fertilized since autumn, then you can do without fertilizing. If he thinks that the onion needs additional nutrition, use phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or infusions of mullein with ash.

Thinning

Reception is needed if nigella is grown to obtain full-fledged bulbs or on a feather. Usually two times are enough:

• the first thinning is done when the seedlings have two or three true leaves (leave a distance of up to 2 cm);
• then they look at the situation, and if the black onion grows thickly, then thin it out additionally, the distance in this case will already be up to 5-6 cm.

Important!

When growing nigella to obtain full-fledged bulbs, the feather is not cut from the plants.

If nigella is planted on sevok, thinning can be omitted. Onion itself will "figure out" how much space it needs, "moving away" from the neighbors and taking up free space.

Cleaning

When to remove black onions? Harvesting is carried out as it ripens, and the signal for this will be the yellowed and lodged tops of the plants. It is better to dig with a pitchfork, carefully prying the bulbs in the ground. Harvesting onions should take place on a dry day, so that the dug onions (turnip or sets) can be dried directly on the ridges, and then removed under a canopy.

Important!

Dig the onions in time, don the lingering rains and cold nights.

The total drying time is up to two weeks.

The sevok is then sorted, selecting large and medium, which is stored at a temperature not lower than +18 ºC, so that the next year the plants do not go into the arrow. A shallow set will be suitable for planting on a green feather.

The turnip collected from the garden and dried is used for food, observing the rules and temperature conditions during storage.

How to grow black onion seeds

There is no shortage of onion varieties today, and you can always purchase the desired variety. But it would be better to grow the seed material of the variety you like on your own. A high-quality nigella, the cultivation of which does not require serious trouble, will make it possible to grow exactly the variety that you like. The "plus" of this method of obtaining seeds is the fact that the onion has already grown on the site under certain conditions and has fully adapted to them.

Important!

To get good quality black onion seeds, you need full-fledged uterine bulbs.

So, when harvesting the turnip, inspect the bulbs, select several even specimens. The diameter of the turnip should not be more than 10 cm and less than 5 cm, it is these bulbs that are carriers of varietal parameters and are best suited as uterine ones.

They are laid for storage, while at first they are kept warm in order to obtain more covering scales. Then the queen cells are put into bags or boxes and the harvested onions are stored at a temperature of +2 ºC to +8 ºC.

Important!

Storage at lower rates is not allowed, otherwise the mother plants will not have peduncles.

The mother bulbs are planted on the ridges in the spring, usually in the middle or last days of April. But about 30 days before planting, the seed must be sorted out again, and then kept at a temperature of about 15-16 ºC, so that the bulbs receive a kind of impetus to growth.

Immediately before planting, the mother liquors can be soaked for a couple of hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, and the bulbs can be trimmed from above. This technique contributes to a more amicable appearance of sprouts.

Planting is carried out on prepared ridges, in grooves, observing the distance between the bulbs up to 15-20 cm. In the northern regions, it is advisable to cover the plantings with non-woven material or film.

Further care is usual: watering, weeding, and also necessarily feeding the plants. In addition, in order to avoid lodging of the peduncles, it is recommended to install pegs with twine stretched on them in the onion plantings.

Important!

Bulbs of different varieties should not be planted side by side, as over-pollination is possible, and the plants will lose their unique varietal qualities.

How to collect onion seeds? Nigella ripens in flower stalks, and the process is very uneven. Therefore, many gardeners, to make it easier to collect seeds, tie special gauze bags to the baskets. It is believed that the highest quality nigella is those seeds that spilled out of the peduncles themselves.

The collection of onion seeds begins when the umbrella opens the first capsules. Peduncles are carefully cut, tied in bunches, then suspended under a canopy or in the attic to fully ripen the seeds. It is better to leave the bags on the peduncles, and if they were not made, then cloth or paper for nigella is spread under the bundles. The collection is best done on a dry day.

As soon as the nigella spills out of the baskets, it is sorted (flooded with water, all light specimens and debris are removed), then the resulting seeds are dried and stored.

On a note!

Canvas pouches or cardboard boxes are best for storing nigella.

Each bag must be labeled so that you know where each type of onion is stored.

Onion varieties suitable for sowing

Studying information about how to grow onions from seeds in one season, one should not forget about the characteristics of the varieties. A competent choice of onion varieties will allow you to get an excellent harvest when sowing nigella, a juicy and tasty feather, as well as high-quality sets.

Important!

To obtain onions from seeds in one season, early ripening varieties from the group of small-sized bulbs are best suited.

Nigella poorly retains germination, so old seeds stored for more than two years are not suitable for planting.

Which variety or hybrid to prefer - everyone must decide for himself. Some want to get a full-fledged turnip, others are interested in high-quality sevok.

Of the traditional varieties, the famous Karatalsky, Stuttgarten Riesen, Myachkovsky 300 are suitable for growing with nigella. These are varieties with yellow covering scales, fruitful, with excellent taste. In addition, they are suitable for a fairly long storage, for which they are appreciated by many gardeners.

Delight

Also, an undemanding and easy-to-care variety Delight, which, when sown with nigella in the ground, can give a turnip weighing up to 150 grams, and with the seedling method even up to 300 grams.

Centaur

The Centaur onion also has excellent characteristics, which grows from seeds in one year to a full-fledged high-quality bulb. Feature of the variety: it is stored for a long time (until late spring), gives a good turnip even in adverse weather conditions, is resistant to downy mildew.

If you are interested in seeds suitable for sowing before winter, then the best choice would be the Siberian Annual and Agro winter varieties.

Annual Siberian

The first onion is very early, is not afraid of low temperatures, gives a lot of juicy feathers. It is recommended for growing in the northern regions, while in one season you can get an onion up to 120 grams.

Agro winter

Agro winter is an onion with white integumentary scales, forming a very dense juicy turnip. The bulbs are large, each weighing about 100 grams. Winter agro has a semi-sharp pleasant taste.

Of the varieties of red onion, the familiar Red Baron is recommended for sowing with nigella, as well as the early ripening Shaman. It is better to grow onions from seeds through seedlings, it forms bulbs of a beautiful raspberry color, but, however, the Shaman is not suitable for long storage.

Exibition

It is impossible to ignore the Dutch super-variety Exibishen, which, when sown with seeds, can give a turnip of 600 grams in one season. There are many videos and information about this fruitful hybrid presented on the Internet.

Exibition is a salad-type onion, it is not very well stored, but this is compensated by excellent taste, high yields and, of course, an impressive mass of turnips.

Growing onions from nigella is also possible with hybrids, and here the best will be:

Albion F1

Differs in productivity, early ripening of the turnip. The bulbs weigh about 90 grams and are white in color. The hybrid can be stored until around New Years.

Copra F1

This onion has bulbs of up to 100 grams, and has a high yield when sown with nigella. It works best in the central and southern regions.

Daytona F1

The hybrid is fruitful, mature, the turnip weighs about 100 grams. Daytona gives good juicy greens, is not affected by diseases. Gardeners note that this hybrid does not reduce productivity even in unfavorable seasons and in cold summers.

Sangro F1

A novelty hybrid, developed by Dutch breeders. With proper care, even when sowing with seeds, it gives an excellent turnip in the first year (up to 250 grams). Resistant to unfavorable conditions, fruitful, distinguished by excellent taste and long shelf life.

Of the hybrids of the salad type, it is necessary to note the fruitful Mars - onions with red scales and a wonderful taste.

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Onion varieties for storage: description, reviews, photos

Onion Stuttgarter rizen, description - a variety of German selection, which has become by right the most popular in the world among varieties of onions. Early maturing: from sowing to ripening 120 days when grown from seeds and 60-70 days from seedlings. The bulb is flat-rounded, large, weighs 120-150 grams. The taste is spicy. It is appreciated for its yield (5 kg / m2 with minimal maintenance). Perfect evenness of the bulbs, excellent keeping quality. Resistant to downy mildew (downy mildew). Unpretentious and very flexible variety.

Bow Sturon and Centurion

New selection of the Stuttgarter rizen variety. Centurion is a heterotic hybrid (F1). Both of these varieties produce the highest quality, well-stored bulbs. The shape of the Sturon bulbs is perfectly round; the Centurion forms a somewhat elongated bulb. Round and elongated onions are very convenient for cutting, and the housewives have already appreciated this. These varieties have a smaller bottom and a narrower neck than Stuttgarter rizen. The small bottom reduces waste when cutting the onions. A narrower neck dries out faster, which means that the likelihood of pathogens getting to the bulb decreases. A higher yield of these onions was noted in comparison with the well-known Stuttgarter rizen variety.

Onion Orion, variety description

Exclusive grade of the English firm "Johnson". Orion is the result of many years of work to improve other breeding types. The cultivar gives leveled production of perfectly rounded, large (up to 150-200 grams) bulbs. Early ripening periods allow this onion to fully ripen even in Siberian conditions, which creates good preconditions for long-term storage. Many gardeners prefer this variety to everyone else.

Popular varieties of red onions: a description of Bombay and Brunswick onions

Dutch varieties of red salad onions, used fresh in salads, preparations, for making marinades. The feathers and bulbs of these varieties are very juicy and tasty, mild, rich in vitamins and phytoncides. Large farms grow these onions for greens, which are in greater demand than yellow onions.

Bombay - mid-season variety of onions. The bulbs are flat, dense, large. The color of dry scales is dark red, juicy - light lilac. The taste is semi-sharp, the keeping quality of the variety is good.

The onion variety has long been loved and popular. Brunswick... This is an early maturing variety that does well in annual crops.Growing it through seedlings, in one summer you can get decent bulbs, up to 6 cm in diameter. They are flat-round, multi-nested in shape, the color of dry scales is bright purple, juicy - pink. Keeps well too.

Bow Carmen

Mid-season variety of onions. From germination to harvesting 120-130 days. The bulbs are beautiful, dark red with a purple tint, weighing 50-70 grams. The taste is semi-sharp. Differs in 100% ripening and good keeping quality. It is grown from both seedlings and seeds.

Red Baron onion

An early onion variety, the period from seed germination to technical maturity is 92-95 days. The bulbs are flat-rounded, weighing 18-24 grams. The taste is semi-sharp. Differs in a high content of ascorbic acid.

Advantages of the variety: stable yield, excellent ripening after ripening. To obtain larger bulbs, this variety is grown through seedlings.

Onions of the Stuttgarten variety Riesen, Red Baron, Lyubchik, Victoria.

Varieties of large onions: description, photos, reviews Onion Globo

Mid-season variety, one of the largest among salad varieties. The bulb is round, light yellow, weighing up to 1 kg, very juicy, sweet taste. From seed to turnip, it is grown in 1 season only through seedlings.

Planting pattern of seeding: 7 x 35 cm.To obtain seeding from nigella, the seeding pattern is continuous: 1.5 x 1.5 cm.

Bow Exhibition

Medium late variety, forms a huge bulb weighing 500-800 grams, sweet taste without bitterness. The shelf life of the crop is short, only 3-4 months. Grown only through seedlings.

Texas yellow onion

Popular Dutch variety. All Siberian gardeners are delighted with this onion. It grows easily and quickly, forms a good head in one season. Quite large bulbs have a straw-yellow color, dense and mild flesh. The variety is resistant to pink root rot.

Growing onions from seeds

Before sowing, onion seeds are soaked for 2-3 hours in water. Then they are kept for 3-4 days in a damp cloth. Be sure to disinfect the seeds in a dark solution of potassium permanganate (1 g per 1 liter of water) for 8 hours at a temperature of 40 ° C.

To get giant bulbs, seedlings are grown. To do this, in mid-March, seeds are sown in boxes filled with a soil mixture of humus, sod land and mullein (9: 10: 1) with a neutral reaction. Sowing is sprinkled with a loose soil mixture through a sieve, then rolled. Onion shoots appear 7-12 days after sowing.

Maintain the temperature when growing seedlings: 20-22 ° C until germination, then 17-20 ° C during the day, 10-14 ° C at night. Drizzle with warm water.

Frequent airing does not allow the seedlings to stretch out unnecessarily.

They are planted in a permanent place after two months, usually in mid-May. Immediately before planting, the seedlings are hardened for 2 days. Landings are placed in an open, unshaded place. The scheme for planting seedlings in open ground 20 x 30 cm.

Fresh manure is harmful. Planting is placed in the place where manure was introduced 2-3 years ago, since the plant forms a large leaf mass and loose bulbs unsuitable for storage using fresh manure. A month after planting the seedlings, and then, if necessary, the site is loosened and weeded. After the formation of the bulbs, the soil is raked away so that only the bottom is in the soil. In this case, the bulbs ripen faster and are better stored in the future.

Harvesting turnip onions

In August, as soon as the feather begins to lay down, to accelerate the ripening of the bulbs, it is rolled. Lodging of leaves is the first sign of ripening. Simultaneously with the lodging and yellowing of the leaves, the roots die off at the bottom. Thus, the bow shows us that it has stopped growing. Onions are harvested closer to mid-August. The most important thing is not to be late in harvesting large and lying bulbs, since after the leaves have completely dried out, if the soil is wet, roots begin to grow again, which reduces their keeping quality.Onions are harvested only in dry weather, it is good if there is a breeze that dries it outdoors. Drying the onions in the sun helps to decontaminate the bulbs and store them better. Then the onions are dried in the attic or in the shed for a month. During this time, the neck becomes thin and dry. Dried onions are peeled from dry scales and placed for long-term storage.

Growing onions through seedlings

Some people sow Dutch onion seeds in the early spring directly in the open field and get good results. But if you want to get the maximum yield in a small area, and such that it is worthy of its name Exhibition, you cannot do without seedlings. Many, after reading these lines, will immediately remember with sadness their windowsills, lined with seedlings of tomatoes and peppers. And then there's the bow! But let us reassure you in advance: from 0.4 g, or 100 seeds, more than 11 kg of onions will grow. Use 1 liter juice boxes to plant them on seedlings. They take up little space, are compactly placed on the windowsill, and the seedlings can be easily removed from them without injuring the roots.

Sowing is best in mid-March. Some vegetable growers recommend doing this in February, of course, if it is possible to regulate the temperature and light conditions (cool at night, illuminate in the morning and evening). Such terms are justified, as they will provide the output of better quality seedlings. But in an ordinary apartment with an early planting, the seedlings will stretch out and grow heavily.

Sowing Dutch onion seeds is a pleasure, as they are treated with fungicides and painted in bright colors, which allows you to control the planting density. It is enough to pour the seeds from the bag onto the prepared moistened soil and use a match to distribute them evenly over the entire area at a distance of about 0.5 cm. However, the seeds of the Globo variety are not treated with anything. In order not to thicken their planting, a layer of snow is placed on the soil. On a white background, the nigella is clearly visible. By the way, this method is very convenient for sowing very small dark seeds, for example, petunias, snapdragons, celery and other crops. When the snow melts, the seeds are pressed into the soil gradually and evenly provided with moisture, which contributes to their more friendly germination. Cover the onion seeds with a layer of soil no more than 1 cm, place the box in a plastic bag and place it under the battery. After a few days, the first green "loops" appear. This is a signal that it is time to expose the container to the light.

Top dressing onions

Water the seedlings sparingly, as the soil dries up. The need for feeding is determined based on the quality of the substrate. Use well-rotted manure or compost sifted through a metal mesh (0.5 cm mesh) or compost with the addition of ash and sand. A sufficient amount of nitrogen, potassium and trace elements in its basis makes it possible to do practically without additional feeding. Some phosphorus deficiency is compensated for by one-time watering with ammophos solution.

To prevent the seedlings from pulling out, if possible, spray it with an epin solution (this applies more to tomatoes). Many summer residents, when planting seedlings, make a gross mistake, strongly compressing the ground around the planted plants. In this case, pampered stems and fragile roots are often injured, and oxygen access to them is also blocked. It is better to make a depression with a small hoe, put the seedlings there, gently scoop up the soil to the roots and water. In this case, the soil itself is evenly compacted around the seedlings.

Despite the fact that the feather of the onion grows powerful and thick, it is often not worth cutting it off for consumption. After all, it is due to it that the onion grows, and the starting conditions for nigella and sevka are incommensurable. And in the shortest time it is necessary to achieve maximum results. The perennial leek and the annual Parade onion are grown on the green feather, which gives leaves until late autumn.Onions from seeds are "pinched" only occasionally, its greens are juicy, sweetish.

During the growing season, it is useful to sprinkle all onion plants with ashes a couple of times. In addition to potassium nutrition and a full range of trace elements, this will to some extent save plantings from fungal diseases. The rest of the dressing is carried out according to the usual scheme, familiar to every gardener. The main thing is to maintain the optimal distance between plants (5-6 cm) in a row when planting seedlings, although, looking at the thin borings, you just want to plant denser. But this is not necessary, because a rapidly growing bulb needs a large area of ​​nutrition.

Grow annuals only through seedlings. Moreover, it is recommended to do thickened crops so that the bylochki support each other and do not fall, and when they are 10-15 cm, then cut them in half so that they go not upward, but in breadth. When planting, cut the greens again by 1/3 and the roots by 1/3. That's the whole trick.

With any method of growing onions during the ripening period, when the feather is still green, it is necessary to create conditions so that as much nutrients as possible pass into the bulb, and at the same time to prevent the formation of new roots and regrowth, which will further negatively affect preservation. To prevent this from happening, in rainy weather, you should cover the plantings with pieces of old film, and then you do not need to cut the roots or "trample" the feather, as amateur vegetable growers advise. After harvesting, marketable onions are placed in plywood fruit crates, which ensure good air exchange.

You will have enough of your onions almost until the next harvest. The advantage of this method is obvious - the cost of packing even the most expensive seeds is incomparable with the price of a kilogram of seed. Under no circumstances will your onion “go to the arrow”, and you will get the opportunity to grow exactly the variety you like best. After all, the assortment of nigella is much wider than the set.

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