The best varieties of columnar pear

Having planted a seedling in April or October, you can get the first harvest in a year. These trees are a real boon for compact gardens, as they don't take up much space. The only drawback of all varieties of columnar pears is their short life.

Description of the columnar pear

Scientist M.V. Kachalkin created several dwarf varieties of garden pears, the name of the columnar has stuck among the people. Outwardly, these small trees are similar to columnar apple trees, this explains the name.

The columnar appearance is compact and high yielding. Such trees are of two types: grafted and seed. Can be grown in any way. The best stock for them is quince, if desired, you can use irgu.

These trees grow very small.

As you can see in the photo, columnar pears are several times lower than typical trees:

At the time of fruiting, they enter quickly. Already a year after planting, they begin to harvest. The fruits are large and have excellent taste. In terms of ripening, they are different, both summer and winter. From one tree, you can get from 3 to 8 kg of fruit.

You can plant them at a distance of a meter from each other. They are also widely used in landscape design due to their attractive appearance. When describing clone-shaped pears, it is especially worth noting their main advantage - these small plants are very compact and take up very little space on the site. Thanks to their small crown and small branches, these trees provide an opportunity for the gardener to carry out a compacted planting and, accordingly, collect a good harvest from 2-3 years after transplanting.

A huge advantage is also the fact that all trees take root very well and begin to bear fruit quickly enough, giving a good harvest, and the small growth of trees allows you to conveniently and quickly harvest fruits and makes it easier to care for the plant. The advantages of this variety of fruit trees include the presence of large fruits with good taste.

All varieties are winter-hardy and fairly resistant to various kinds of diseases. And also they are distinguished by their special acclimatization and absolute unpretentiousness to the soil of planting. The advantages of this variety of plants include a high yield, as well as the universal use of fruits.

The fruits of this tree are often cooked raw, and are used for all kinds of compotes, preserves, jams, marmalades, juices, and also as refined additions to desserts. There are practically no disadvantages of this type of plants, but still it is worth noting their not very long life period and, accordingly, a short fruiting period, about 10-15 years. This type of tree also requires constant care, which implies proper crown formation and regular pruning of side branches.

Description of columnar pears of varieties Decor, Honey and Saphira

The varieties differ from each other, both in terms of ripening of fruits, and in certain tastes and sizes.

All trees begin to bear fruit very quickly, and within one year after planting, they can give a good harvest.

Each variety has a certain period of fruiting. Therefore, by planting various types of this fruit tree in your garden, it will be possible to enjoy the sweet fruits, from summer to winter.

To get started, read the description of pears of the Decor, Sapphire and Honey varieties.

Pear columnar Decor - the tree is not tall, up to 1.9 - 2.2 m. It blooms in medium terms. The variety is self-fertile. Unpretentious to soil. Ripens at the end of August.

Look at the photo - this variety of columnar pear has large fruits up to 230 g, round-oval, green-dark yellow, without blush:

The pulp is white, juicy, very delicate and aromatic, juicy, sweet - it has a light pleasant rose aroma. Unpretentious to soils, characterized by increased winter hardiness, resistance to moniliosis and clasterosporium.

Gives the first harvest already in the 2-3rd year after planting. This variety is highly resistant to disease and winter cold.

Pear columnar Sapphire - a tree with an autumn ripening period. The fruits ripen in early September. The specified pear variety bears fruit already in the 3-4th year after the transplantation process. It has elongated pear-shaped fruits of a greenish-yellow color with small rusty specks and reddish. Pears grow large, weighing up to 200g. Sufficiently tolerant of scab and moderate frost resistance.

Columnar Honey Pear - a wonderful variety of huge sizes. Bred in 1964 by breeders R.D. Babina, A.F. Mileshko and V.A. Yakimov with the help of free pollination "Bere Bosk". Ripening period in autumn, falls on mid-late September. Fruits are short-pear-shaped with a tuberous surface and slightly ribbed shape. The average weight is 290-540 grams. When describing the columnar pears of the Medovaya variety, it is especially worth noting the taste of its fruits: their pulp is juicy, very sweet, has a slight sourness, and has an exceptionally pleasant taste. The color is greenish-yellow with rich brown-burgundy blush. The skin is dense, the tasting score is 4.73-4.92 points.

The variety has a fairly good transportability, under proper conditions it can be stored until February. The yield is much higher than that of other similar trees, reaching 80-110 kg per young tree. Fruiting occurs in 3-5 years. Winter hardiness was initially declared above average, shoots do not freeze at -25 degrees. Disease resistance is very high. Suitable for growing in the Moscow region and nearby regions of the Central strip. The fruits are used for fresh consumption, cooking jams, compotes, juices, jams and tinctures.

Columnar pears of Dalikor and Carmen varieties

Here you can see the photo and description of the columnar pears of the Dalikor and Carmen varieties.

Pear columnar Dalikor - winter variety: ripens in the first decade of October, stored until February, fruits are sweet and very large.

The French variety is characterized by a high yield, beautiful fruits with a pink blush. The pears are very large in size, reaching a weight of 500 grams, sweet in taste with a soft creamy melting juicy pulp without granulation and astringency. Harvesting is carried out in the first decade of October, used fresh until February. fruits are not affected by diseases during storage.

G-5 - ripens in the summer-autumn period. Fruit weight is 150-200 g, yellowish color with characteristic rust, very sweet flesh. They easily endure winter and illness.

G-4 - an autumn variety that begins to bear fruit as early as the second year after planting.They ripen in the first half of September, have a yellowish color with a red blush on the sides. Fruit weight 230-280 g, can withstand temperatures up to -25 degrees.

G-3 - this is an early autumn type of pear, seemingly wide, but bumpy, oily rind, bright yellow color, weight up to 400 g, with very juicy pulp.

G-2 - this variety ripens in late autumn, also has bumpy fruits, greenish color with a slight rust on the sides. The pulp is very tender and sweet with a heady aroma. The weight of the fruit reaches a maximum of 200 g, it is absolutely calm about winter frosts and can tolerate any diseases.

Carmen Columnar Pear differs in pear-shaped burgundy fruits that ripen in summer. The special value of this variety is the rich burgundy color of the peel, which gives the fruit an unusual attractiveness. Each fruit grows to a weight of about 250-300g and has a very sweet pulp. Ripens at the end of August.

Varieties of columnar pears Sanremi, Pavlovskaya and Night-Vert

Sunremy Columnar Pear - tree of autumn ripening period. Suitable for any garden. Very large, round, yellow-green juicy pears. Ripening period: early October. The variety is characterized by unpretentiousness to soils, increased winter hardiness, resistance to moniliosis and clasterosporiosis.

This one of the best varieties of columnar pears is very popular among gardeners for its incredible combination of color gamut on one plant. The variety is self-fertile. Fruits are large, up to 400 g, round-oval, green-yellow, without blush, apple-shaped. The pulp is white, juicy, very tender and aromatic, juicy, sweet.

The use of fruits is universal - both fresh and for the preparation of compotes, juices, jams, preserves.

Planting can be carried out at a distance of up to 1 m from each other, fruiting begins at the age of 3, bears fruit annually. As a result, we have an unforgettable taste and a very attractive type of plant.

Columnar Pavlovskaya pear - autumn variety. The trees grow small and take up little space. They begin to bear fruit quickly, already in the 2nd year they begin to produce a crop. The fruits are large and have excellent taste. The skin is oily. The pulp is delicious, tender.

Planting is carried out according to the scheme: between trees - 50 cm, and between rows 1 m. It is widely used in landscape design due to its attractive appearance.

Knight Werth Columnar Pear is very similar to G-4, and also tolerates temperatures below zero, weighs about 200 g, begins to bear fruit in the second year after planting.

Growing a columnar pear: planting and care

It is best to plant annual seedlings that tolerate transplanting better. The optimal time for planting is mid-October in autumn and April in spring.

When planting columnar pears, it is very important to remember that the rhizome and soil should not be dry, and after transplanting, the seedlings require regular watering. The tree planting pattern can be dense. The most optimal distance between the holes is 40-50 cm. It is better to dig the planting holes in advance - 2 weeks in advance. The pit should be about 80 cm deep and 60 cm in diameter.

Before planting, a bucket of water is poured into the bottom of the pit and only then a seedling is placed in it. Its roots must be carefully straightened. Then the excavated earth is covered up in two steps, trampling each time. At the end, the ground around the trunk is watered.

The soil for planting seedlings is prepared in advance, enriching it with organic fertilizers. The amount of such fertilizers should be about 3-4 kg per pit. It is also necessary to properly prepare the planting pit. The pit is made small, so that the grafting site of the tree is above the ground, and the rhizome is placed inside the pit, so the size of the pit can be unlimited. Further, potash fertilizers or superphosphates are placed in the planting pit, without fail, which are mixed with the ground.

In the first year of planting, it is better to pluck out all the flowers. This will allow the tree to gain strength and root well. In the second year of planting, 5-6 fruits can be left. After that, every year the number of fruits on the tree is gradually increased. For each tree, the harvest load is very individual, and every year you should definitely pay attention to the size and number of fruits. If the fruits are sharply reduced in size compared to last year, then the tree is overloaded with harvest, and the harvest should be rationed for the next year.

Most often the pear is damaged by fruit gall midge. It leads to blackening of the shoots and drying of the ovary. Also, green aphids and white scab may appear on the plant. Leaves dry and fall off, and fruits can be damaged.

When growing columnar pears, the trees must be whitewashed annually with thick lime with the addition of dolomite flour.

Watch the video of caring for columnar pears to better understand how all agrotechnical techniques are performed:

It is recommended to plant plants around trees that repel pests: dill, tobacco, lemon balm, marigolds.

How to prune a columnar pear in spring

After planting, when further caring for columnar pears, pruning, regular feeding and preparation of trees for winter are very important activities.

The technology for pruning columnar pears is due to their characteristics. In order to maintain the shape of the crown and increase the yield, all side shoots should be completely removed.

The formation of the correct crown shape and the growth of the plant itself depend on pruning a tree. A peculiarity of pruning is the fact that the more we cut, the more and more what remains after pruning grows. Before trimming a columnar pear, it is worth considering that the branch that is closer to the vertical than the underlying deflected branches grows stronger. Therefore, the main conductor is never cut off. With proper care, the top of the tree grows 10-15 cm annually, while another 2-3 lateral branches grow. If the conductor grows poorly, it must be severely trimmed to 2-3 buds.

Spring pruning requires a special attitude and is divided into several stages, distributed over the first years of the tree's life. So, in the first year, while the period of sap flow has not yet begun, you can trim the side branches into a couple of buds - this will allow you to get a couple of fairly strong annual shoots. The next year, when pruning columnar pears in the spring, of these two shoots, only the one that is more vertical can be left, and the second one is again cut into a couple of buds. And in the third spring, a branch that bore fruit in the last season is cut, at the same time, we cut off all the remaining shoots as it was done earlier.

Correct pruning will allow in the future to obtain a fruit link with a fairly long-term functionality - from 3 to 5 years. After that, the link can be completely cut into the ring, thus exposing the tree trunk at the bottom of it.

The video of trimming columnar pears shows how this procedure is performed:

Among gardeners, dwarf varieties of fruit trees, called columnar because of their characteristic appearance, are gaining more and more popularity.

The plant practically does not form lateral branches, and leaves and fruits are formed directly on the main trunk. This allows you to save space on the site, make rational use of even a small area of ​​the garden. In the article, we will look at what a columnar pear is and how to grow it on your site.

Pros and cons

When choosing columnar pear varieties, it is important to take into account their advantages and disadvantages, since they largely determine the specifics of cultivation and care. The following advantages are highlighted:

1. Compactness... The tree has no side branches, due to which the plant takes up little space. The columnar pear is suitable for the smallest gardens;
2. Rapid ripening... Almost all varieties begin to bear fruit already in the second year after planting, in contrast to 4-5 years for a traditional pear;
3. Variety of varieties... Several dozen hybrids and varieties of columnar pears have been bred, among which you can choose a plant that is optimally suited to the characteristics of the climate in the region;
4. Convenience of care... Due to its compactness and low height (no more than 2 meters), there is no need to use a ladder when caring for a plant, which facilitates harvesting and the process of processing leaves and ovaries;
5. Fruit quality and yield... Fruits of a columnar pear have a universal purpose, excellent taste characteristics and increased volume. With proper care, the tree bears abundant fruit, giving out a large harvest every year.

Despite the large number of advantages, not all gardeners run the risk of planting a columnar pear, since this plant variety also has disadvantages:

1. Short lifespan... Even under optimal conditions, the tree stops bearing fruit after 10-15 years. The problem can be partially solved by a transplant or vaccination;
2. Difficult care... To achieve high yields and keep the plant healthy, constant care is required. Regularly you need to form a crown, cut side shoots, and also fertilize in a timely manner.

The duration and quality of life of the columnar pear tree is directly influenced by the climate and weather conditions in the region. In warm areas with a long summer period, there is a long fruiting period, the tree is less susceptible to diseases and pests.

Popular varieties

All varieties of columnar pears are hybrids bred by breeders in the middle of the last century. Several dozen varieties are known that have high immunity, frost resistance, excellent yield and decorativeness. Below are the most popular dwarf pear varieties and their descriptions.

Sapphire

Photo:

Autumn variety of columnar pear, suitable for breeding in central Russia. Trees reach heights of up to 2 m and have a good decorative effect.

Lateral branches are practically absent. The fruits are oblong, the skin is greenish-yellow in color, but small brown spots are possible. The pulp is juicy and aromatic, with a pleasant sweet taste. The average weight of a pear is 180-230 g. Productivity is high, fruiting has been observed since the beginning of September.

The variety has high frost resistance, it is immune to scab and other fungal diseases. The tree is self-fertile, pollinators are required. For the formation of fruits, the introduction of organic fertilizers is necessary.

Decor

Summer high-yielding pear, recommended for growing in warm regions. Dwarf tree - up to 2 meters, the crown is practically not formed. Despite the fact that there are no side branches, in a favorable climate, a large number of shortened shoots are formed.

Fruits are pear-shaped, weighing up to 400 g. Skin color is greenish with a slight red blush. The pulp is juicy and grainy, has a pleasant sweet taste. Fruiting occurs in late summer or early autumn, starting at 3 years after planting.

Average frost resistance, there is resistance to fungal and infectious diseases, but aphids can become infected. The variety is sensitive to the quality of the soil, therefore it is important to make mineral fertilizing on time.

Honey

One of the most popular varieties of columnar pear, it is used to decorate areas in landscape design. The tree is medium-sized with a small pyramidal crown. Fruiting is possible for 3 years after planting, subject to quality care, it yields up to 15 kg of fruits.

The fruits are pear-shaped, there is a characteristic ribbing and uneven sides, the maximum weight is 400 g. The skin is greenish-yellow, small black dots may appear. The pulp is juicy and aromatic; due to its sweet taste, it is often used for making preserves and juices.

It has good indicators of frost resistance and disease resistance, due to its unpretentiousness it is recommended for novice gardeners.

Tenderness

High-yielding winter-hardy variety, fruiting occurs from 3 years after planting. The tree reaches a height of up to 2.5 meters, yield up to 10 kg. Harvesting is possible from the beginning of September, the fruits have a long shelf life and keeping quality. The variety Tenderness tolerates frost well and is resistant to diseases typical of pears.

Fruits have an elongated pear-shaped, yellow-green skin with pink spots. Fruit weight varies from 200 to 400 grams depending on the region. The pulp is juicy and soft with a sweet and sour taste, has a pleasant aroma.

Dalikor

French variety, has a compact size and high yield. The tree reaches a height of up to 1.5 meters, lateral branches are not formed.

Ripening is observed in early October, therefore it is not recommended for cultivation in the northern regions. Pear-shaped fruits with characteristic roundness. The skin has a yellow-green color and pink spots. The flesh, creamy in color, is very delicate and has a pleasant sweet taste.

The main disadvantage of the variety is its susceptibility to scab, so it is important to follow the cultivation technique and carry out preventive fungicide treatment.

In addition to these varieties, columnar pears Vostorg, Pavlovskaya and Lyubimitsa Yakovleva are popular among gardeners. They are suitable for growing in central Russia, as well as regions with an unstable climate.

Landing features

Scheme (photo):

Planting of columnar varieties of pears is carried out in the spring - from late April to late May; in warm regions, seedlings can be planted in autumn - in early September or mid-October. The bonsai area should be well lit and located away from large trees so that the crown does not create shade.

Before planting, you need to prepare a place. To do this, dig a hole up to 80 cm deep and up to 50 cm wide. It must be watered abundantly with warm water, and then fertilized. Potassium sulfate and superphosphate are used as the first feeding (50-75 g of each preparation is enough for 1 m2).

To increase their effectiveness, it is advisable to mix them with river sand and humus. The amount of the mixture should not exceed half the volume of the fossa.

After preparing the soil, the seedlings are planted in planting holes, sprinkling the roots with earth. It is advisable to plant trees at a distance of at least 50 cm from each other in order to provide each plant with water and nutrients. After planting, you need to compact the topsoil and water the seedlings abundantly. In the autumn planting method, it is advisable to cover the soil with a layer of straw, sawdust or peat to retain heat.

Care

All compact pear varieties require special care, the observance of which directly affects the health of the plant and the amount of the crop. Fruiting begins from 2-3 years after planting, but for the growth and development of the tree, care is needed from the first months.

Watering

In the first year, regular watering is required. It should be carried out at least twice a week, preferably in the morning. In the dry season, the amount of watering should be increased. On average, 5-8 liters of water is required per tree, but it is recommended to assess soil moisture before the procedure, since waterlogging of the soil is no less dangerous for columnar pears than drying out.

Top dressing

The first application of fertilizers is carried out at the time of the formation of the first leaves, and then twice more every two weeks. Nitrogen compounds are extremely important for young seedlings for active growth; for this purpose, many gardeners use urea at the rate of 10 g of the drug per 2 liters of water for each tree.

In the first year, especially when growing dwarf pears in central Russia, it is advisable to apply organic fertilizers.For example, an aqueous solution of mullein or bird droppings in a ratio of 1:10. Some gardeners add ammonium nitrate (5 g per 10 liters) to top dressing.

Pruning

The volume of the harvest and the health of the tree largely depend on competent pruning. In the first year, the plant should not be allowed to bloom - for this you need to pinch the buds as they appear. Starting from the second year, up to 2 flowers can be left on each inflorescence.

Pruning the plant is necessary to maintain and maintain shape and size, as well as to ensure vigorous growth. For this purpose, the strongest shoot is left, and the rest are cut off. Also, it is necessary to remove the lateral branches up to the second bud.

Since the load on the tree directly depends on the variety, you need to carefully monitor the overload from the fruit and regularly cut off the least productive shoots. The procedure should be carried out only with a sharp tool, and it is advisable to treat the cut site with garden putty.

Preparing for winter

Despite the fact that almost all varieties of columnar pear are frost-resistant, it is still recommended to cover it for the winter to protect the tree from freezing. The procedure is especially important in the first year, as young trees are more susceptible to cold temperatures. Cold protection should be installed after the onset of the first frost.

As a covering material, spruce branches, straw or non-woven textiles are used, which must be dry. In addition, you need to build a protection against rodents, for which you can tie thorny branches of conifers to the base.

Pollination

Almost all varieties of columnar pears are self-fertile, so pollinators must be planted in the immediate vicinity to form fruit.

For this purpose, other varieties of dwarf trees are recommended, as well as traditional full-size apple and pear varieties. During the growing season, the tree shows abundant flowering, so artificial pollination is extremely difficult.

Columnar pear is the best choice of fruit tree for small gardens, thanks to which they received positive feedback from gardeners. They are represented by hybrid varieties with high frost resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. With the observance of the agricultural technology of cultivation and care, the tree quickly begins to bear fruit, bringing a large harvest of tasty and aromatic pears.

For the Moscow region and growing in the territory of central Russia, domestic amateur gardeners increasingly prefer low-growing varieties and quite successfully cultivate columnar apple and pear trees. Numerous plant nurseries currently offer a wide selection of columnar crops, so it is very important to read the description and reviews before purchasing planting material, as well as to make the right choice of the fruit seedling variety.

Varieties for the Moscow region and the middle lane

The best varieties of fruit crops, according to experts, do not require intensive care, and also successfully combine a decent yield, stability and can serve as a good element for the decor of the backyard territory. Columnar pears can be winter, early maturing, autumn, summer-autumn and late autumn.

Variety	Description of the variety	Fetus	Pulp
"Tenderness"	High-yielding winter-hardy variety, forming harvest by September	Large size, yellow-green color with a slight tan	Delicious, very juicy and tender
"Sapphire"	Autumn ripening period, with sufficient resistance to scab and low-temperature conditions	Elongated, pear-shaped, greenish-yellow in color with small rusty specks, recumbent	Very good tasting, tender and sweet, relatively aromatic
"Honey"	A productive variety with excellent taste, winter-hardy and resistant to major diseases	Short pear-shaped with tuberosity on the surface with slight ribbing, weighing in the range of 280-530 grams	Sufficiently juicy and very sweet, has a slight sourness and an exceptionally pleasant taste
"Decor"	Forms a low self-fertile plant, no more than 1.9-2.2 m in height	Large, weighing up to 230 g, rounded-oval, green-dark yellow, without blush	White, juicy and very tender, with a good aroma, sweet, with a light and pleasant aroma
"Dalikor"	Winter French variety, ripening in the first decade of October and perfectly stored until February	Large, yellow-greenish, with a slight rustiness on the sides and a blurry light blush	The pulp is juicy, cream colored, very tender, without granulation
"Sunremy"	Medium late ripening, unpretentious and disease resistant.	Large sizes, marketable appearance, weighing 350g and more.	With very good taste, tender, sweet, aromatic.
"Night-Werth"	A fast-growing variety of foreign selection with good resistance to low-temperature conditions	Attractive, with a smooth glossy surface, greenish-yellow base color, weighing 200 g	Good taste, very juicy, melting, sweet taste with a pleasant aftertaste.
"Autumn Dream"	Low-yield and fairly high-yielding autumn variety, ripening in September	Small size, green-yellow color	White, juicy, semi-oily type, sweet and sour taste
"Favorite of Yakovlev"	Winter-hardy large-fruited and partially self-fertile variety	Large sizes with an attractive appearance, for fresh consumption	Sweet and sour taste, juicy, creamy color with pronounced graininess
"Carmen"	Early disease-resistant summer pear with marketable fruit	Saturated burgundy color, uniform shape, weighing up to 250-270 g	Off-white or off-white, melting, sweet taste

Gardeners reviews

The varieties "Severyanka" and "Svetlyachka", as well as "G-322", are no less popular in the Moscow region and the middle zone of our country. Basically, columnar pears receive positive reviews and high ratings from amateur gardeners due to the fact that even an adult and productive fruit tree takes up a fairly small space, which allows the entire planting area to be used as efficiently as possible.

The most popular columnar varieties are characterized by excellent taste and a fairly pronounced aroma. However, it is important to follow the forecast and, if necessary, use a shelter for the winter. Almost all experienced domestic gardeners recommend providing such fruit plantations with good insulation for the winter period, after which, in early spring, correct pruning, feeding, as well as treatment of the plant from pests and pathogenic microflora is performed.

New varieties of pears (video)

Landing rules

Spring is a favorable period for planting columnar pear seedlings, which allows a young fruit plant to get stronger and take root well over the summer and autumn. In this case, the pear is optimally prepared for the winter frost. In the spring, planting of fruit seedlings is carried out at the stage of sufficient heating of the air and soil, but before the dissolution of the buds, in the phase of vegetative rest of the plant. When planting pear seedlings in the fall, you need to choose the time before the onset of significant frosts.

Also read: Nectarine: the most popular species and varieties

Care and pruning advice

Measures for the care of columnar pears, with the exception of pruning, do not differ significantly from the technology of growing classic fruit trees:

• for processing in early spring in order to protect against diseases and pests, experienced gardeners recommend using a solution based on ferrous sulfate and urea;
• feeding with urea is carried out three times: after the appearance of foliage, a couple of weeks after the first feeding, and also a couple of weeks after the second feeding, at the rate of a couple of liters per plant;

How to grow a pear in the middle lane (video)

• it is recommended to water fruit plantations as needed, avoiding drying out and waterlogging of the soil in the near-trunk circles;
• a good result is given by mulching the soil around the plant with organic matter, which improves the quality of the soil and reduces the need for weeding, as well as loosening and irrigation.

Pruning fruit-bearing columnar trees is optional and is a procedure aimed at creating an attractive and well-lit plant shape. In the presence of a viable apical bud, one strong shoot develops, and if this bud is damaged, several developed, but competing shoots are formed. In this case, it is recommended to leave the strongest and most developed shoot, removing all the others, less productive and powerful.

It is important to remember that frequent and heavy pruning usually causes the fruit tree to branch too much and cause additional branches to form. On young trees, the branches need to be shortened more, leaving only a couple of buds. Pruning should be done in spring, preferably in April, or in summer, from late July to the last decade of August. Autumn pruning is most often sanitary, and is performed at a positive temperature, but when all the foliage has already flown from the plant.

How to trim a pear (video)

It should be noted that the choice in favor of the columnar pear is most often made by amateur gardeners, if the size of the plot is limited. Any columnar fruit crops are distinguished by decent compactness, which means they can be easily used when planning and arranging small garden plots.

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If the suburban area is miniature, the columnar pear will become a decorative ornament and will treat you with juicy fruits. The trees of M. V. Kachalkin's selection are dwarf trees resembling columnar apple trees. The familiar name stuck to the pear. Trees are propagated by grafting on winter-hardy rootstocks - quince and irgu. But you can grow a tree from seeds.

Description of the dwarf pear

A compact, low tree is valued for its good survival rate, quite simple care. A tree grown from a seedling begins to bear fruit in the second year. In the first year, a columnar pear will give a harvest of up to 3 kg of large fruits. All varieties of dwarfs are winter hardiness and unpretentiousness to the soil.

Some trees grow up to 2.5 meters, most of the columns grow up to 1.5 meters, but are strewn with fruits. The pears seem to stick to the trunk. In fact, they are tied to small twigs. The crown is not formed.

Advantages:

• unpretentiousness;
• yield;
• resistance to adverse conditions;
• compactness;
• high productivity.

The tree requires regular pruning, abundant watering, feeding of an adult pear.

The tree will feel good in a cramped area, as long as the north wind does not make it shiver. The best planting material is ready-made seedlings of a columnar pear, purchased in the nursery.

The plant can be propagated by green cuttings. A seedling grown from seeds must be grafted, otherwise the wild will grow.

There are few varieties of dwarf pears, but they are diverse. Column-shaped pears of various ripening periods are offered from early summer, with a short shelf life, to winter ones, gaining flavor in maturation. The fruits are used fresh and in all preservation methods.

However, dwarfs don't live long.Fruiting can last 7-15 years. The duration of the trading period is influenced by the conditions of detention.

Conditions for planting and growing dwarf pears

Pear seedlings are planted in the spring, in a pit prepared in the fall. At the same time, since autumn, the land is filled with only organic fertilizers. The pit has a depth of 50 cm, the distance between trees is 1 - 1.5 m. A bucket of water is poured into the litter that has compacted during the winter. A pear is planted on the soaked mound, straightening the roots. Sprinkle with sand, ¼ consisting of granular superphosphate. Until the tree takes root, frequent watering is needed. The place of the scion is not buried in the ground.

There should be nutritious soil near the roots, and the sand is only a powder. Watering a young tree is needed systematically.

Such a simple planting of a columnar pear and caring for it makes the plant a favorite in many gardens of the Moscow region. If flowers appear in the year of planting, they must be completely removed so that all forces are directed to the development of the root system. Leave a few fruits for the next year. In the third year, the column will give a full harvest.

Columnar pruning is required annually. But the deeper the pruning, the more young growth appears. The golden mean is to shorten the lateral branches to the second bud. Loves a fruiting tree nitrogen organic and mineral fertilizers. Slurry and fresh chicken are good, but in the first half of summer.

Three-time feeding with urea is a delicacy for a columnar pear. The first time is sprayed on young leaves. Foliar dressing is repeated two more times with an interval of 2 weeks.

If the pears begin to shrink, then the tree is overloaded with crops. For the next season, adjustments need to be made so as not to deplete the tree.

Preparation of a columnar pear for wintering is necessary, despite the declared winter hardiness of almost all varieties. The most resistant ones keep fruit buds from freezing at -25 C. But in the Moscow region, the temperature is lower, and young trees are less winter-hardy.

Protection is created from dry materials at hand:

• spruce branches;
• straw;
• sawdust;
• non-woven geotextile.

Thorny spruce branches tied to the base will protect you from mice and hares. The best insulation will be a snowdrift.

The best varieties of pears in the Moscow region

Take a look at the photo of a columnar pear - an unusual ornamental plant is used in hedges and the design of country estates. Considering that ruddy liquid pears are pleasing to the eye from July to mid-September, it is difficult to refuse a compact garden. A competent selection of varieties will help create a pear conveyor.

Winter varieties include those that ripen from November to January and are stored almost all winter. These include the varieties Dalikor, Saphira G1, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva G3.

Pears harvested in August and early September are stored for about a month. They are sweet, dripping with juice. An example of such varieties are: Autumn Dream, Tenderness, Decor. In August, you can enjoy the G322 columnar pear. The variety is self-fertile, unpretentious. Fruits are yellow, sometimes ruddy sticks to the trunk completely. You can store the harvested crop for a week. The weight of one pear is about 200 grams. Grade G333 already represents an autumn cultivar with outstanding palatability.

Starting from the beginning of June, you can taste the columnar Carmen pears, grade G5, Medovaya. The fruits reach 300 g and are very tasty. The honey pear, bred in 1964 by Soviet breeders, is striking. Fruits 290 - 540 g with juicy sweet pulp received a score of 4.92 points on a five-point scale. Winter hardiness is above average. Productivity up to 110 kg from one tree. Pear Honey is resistant to major diseases, and the fruits last until February. The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Moscow region.

Whatever varieties of columnar pears are considered for the Moscow region, their yield is much higher than a spreading large tree, taking into account the occupied area. But it is much easier to care for compact trees, to protect them from frost.The early fruiting of the dwarf pear compensates for the lack of a tree's short life. You can quickly wait for the harvest from a young seedling, parting with the old tree.

For industrial orchards, the Carmen variety is ideal. One hectare accommodates up to two thousand plants. Dark red 300 gram fruits are sold out in great demand. A Decora pear has a yellow fruit with a rose scent. The variety is very resistant to major diseases, tolerates the climate of the Moscow region.

Miniature pear video