The best varieties of marble pears

Many gardeners dream of growing reference fruit crops in their area. Some of them include pear of the Marble variety, which is distinguished by its excellent taste.

Description of pear variety Marble

The Marble variety was bred in the Voronezh region in 1965. Its authors were GD Neporozhny and AM Ulyanishcheva. The parent varieties are Bere Zimnaya Michurina and Lesnaya Krasavitsa.

According to the description, the tree itself is small in size and grows to a height of no more than 4 meters. The crown is of medium density, resembles a wide pyramid in shape. The branches are located at an angle close to right. The bark on the trunk and main branches is gray-green.

The shoots of this variety are red-brown and slightly upward. The leaves are bright green, smooth, ovoid and sharpened closer to the shoots, there are small notches at the edges. The size of both leaves and petioles is average.

The flowers of such a tree are terry, with a diameter of no more than 3 centimeters, collected in inflorescences of 8 pieces. The petals are slightly closed, while the edges are solid. The pistils are flush with the anthers.

Marble refers to trees with an early flowering period. Fruiting begins in mid-August and lasts until early September.

Up to 200 kilograms of harvest are harvested from one tree.

Marble is best grown in warm climates... The Central region, Voronezh and Bryansk regions are considered to be the official areas of distribution.

Given the poor frost resistance, this variety cannot be grown in areas with cold and changeable climates.

Pear variety Marble does not belong to frost-resistant varieties, it is better to grow a tree in a warm climate

Fruit characteristics

The fruits of this variety contain a huge amount of nutrients, besides are distinguished by excellent taste... The tasting score of these pears is 4.8 points out of 5.

Their pulp is distinguished by a delicate creamy shade, juicy and sweet taste, pleasant aroma and coarse-grained structure.

In most cases, one fruit weighs 130-170 grams, but specimens weighing up to 220 grams can be found. Pear color golden green, covered with red, marble blush, the shape is correct, pear-shaped.

The saucer is small, the seed chambers are medium in size, light brown in color. The cup is half-open in its type.

The fruits of the Marble pear variety are golden-green, with a red blush, juicy and sweet

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros of the variety:

• the main advantage of Marble is resistance to powdery mildew, scab and fruit rot;

• the peel of the pear is thick and strong, due to which the fruit tolerates transportation well;

• many sweet tooths adore this variety, because it has a sweet and juicy taste, a bright aroma;

• up to 200 kilograms of harvest can be harvested from one tree, which makes Marble quite attractive for commercial purposes.

The cons are as follows:

• the variety does not tolerate the winter season;

• does not tolerate dry weather, which is why, with insufficient watering, the fruits may begin to crumble;

• after planting Marble, the gardener will have to wait a long time for the first harvest, fruiting occurs at 6-7 years of age;

• if May turned out to be especially cold, then you can lose not only flowers, but the entire tree as a whole.

Features of planting and care

The first step will be the selection of seedlings... In order for the purchase to be successful, and the tree quickly took root on the site, when buying planting material, they are guided by the following indicators:

• the age of the seedlings should not exceed two years;

• the root system should consist of 3-5 processes, 25-30 centimeters long;

• if a one-year-old seedling is purchased, then it may consist of one trunk, but a two-year-old specimen must have at least 3 lateral branches;

• the roots and bark should not have mechanical damage, cracks and the consequences of past diseases.

It is best to choose seedlings with a closed root system.because an earthen ball is a natural defense against damage.

It is necessary to plant a pear of the Marble variety in a protected, sunny place from the wind.

Then you need to decide on the landing site, taking into account the individual characteristics of Marble:

• the tree requires pollinators, in the form of which other varieties of pears appear, the flowering period of which coincides with the Marble. The best options are Severyanka, Cathedral, Lada, Chizhovskaya and Tatiana;

• the area for planting pears should be as illuminated as possible;

• the tree does not tolerate strong winds, so this variety is better protected from such a manifestation of nature. A low structure or fence is well suited as a shelter;

• a high occurrence of groundwater can erode the root system or become a reason for the appearance of mold;

• marble does not tolerate stagnant water, so you need to take care of its drainage in advance.

To eliminate the likelihood of flooding a tree, you can plant it on a hill, inside which there is a drainage of expanded clay or similar material.

The soil should be loamy, loose and nutritious. If the soil is sandy or clayey, then you need to additionally apply fertilizers such as humus, manure or peat.

1-2 weeks before the direct planting of the pear, the soil must be prepared:

1. The diameter of the hole should be 60 cm and the depth 80 cm. When digging a hole, the soil is removed in layers, because the upper part is fertile, and the lower one is not.

1. Then the upper part of the soil is mixed with the following fertilizers: 7-10 kilograms of humus, 40 grams of potassium, 200 grams of superphosphate, 150 grams of wood ash.

1. If the soil does not meet the requirements, then an additional 300 grams of limestone is added for drainage.

1. At the bottom of the pit, they spread walnut shells or tin cans, then add the resulting mixture, taking into account the fact that one third will remain free.

1. A support is installed in the middle of the pit; its length should not be less than 130 centimeters.

Immediately after planting, a pear of the Marble variety is abundantly watered and mulched with hay, sawdust or grass

If the roots of the seedling are dry, then they are dipped into a clay chatterbox. Damaged areas are cut with a sharp pruner, and 80 percent of the leaves are also removed.

When choosing a planting scheme, it is worth remembering that vigorous trees should be at a distance of 6-7 meters, and medium-sized ones 4 meters.

Planting a pear you need to pay attention to the deepening of the root collar, it should be 3-5 centimeters above ground level.

After the seedling is placed in the soil, it must be carefully tamped down and a hole must be built to water the plant.

Immediately after planting, the tree is watered abundantly and mulched with hay, sawdust or grass. Vegetable or berry crops can be grown between Marble plantings.

Planting this variety can be carried out both in spring and autumn.

For spring planting, it is better to choose the beginning of May, that is, that period of time when the threat of frost will completely disappear. When planting in spring, the tree needs to be watered 1-2 times a week.

In autumn, the preferred time will be the beginning of October.so that the tree can get stronger before the onset of cold weather.

Growing conditions

Marble is extremely drought tolerant, so you need to water it very carefully. Lack of the required amount of moisture can reduce the amount of the crop several times.

On average, 3 buckets of water will be consumed per tree; in dry weather, up to 5 buckets must be brought in. It is better to water the tree using special holes or grooves.

This variety requires a fairly large amount of dressing.

During the flowering period, you need to make nitrogenous substances, for example 100 grams of urea, diluted in 5 liters of water.

In June, to support the formation of fruits, use 50 grams of urea per 5 liters of water. In July, potassium sulfate is 100 grams per 5 liters of water.

To support future fruiting, after harvest the root zone is dug up and 1 kilogram of bird droppings, 5 kilograms of compost or 2 kilograms of manure are introduced.

Pear of the Marble variety requires a large amount of fertilizing and abundant watering

For the same purposes, phosphorus and potassium are used. The size of the introduced substances will depend on the age of the tree:

• under 12 years old - 4 grams of phosphorus and 6 grams of potassium;
• from 12 to 20 years old - 6 grams of phosphorus and 8 grams of potassium;
• more than 20 years - 6 grams of phosphorus and 12 grams of potassium.

To stimulate fruit setting and the highest yield, 10 days after flowering, the tree is sprayed with 1% urea solution, the procedure will need to be repeated in 1-2 weeks.

For those trees whose age does not exceed 5 years, all fertilizing is applied in a diameter of 1-2 meters from the post, for adult plantings this figure increases to 3-5 meters.

Pruning is best done in spring., before the start of the movement of the juice or in the fall after harvest, at a temperature not lower than 8 degrees. In the first two years of life, only dry or damaged branches are removed.

In the 3rd year of life, the crown of the future tree is formed, leaving only the 3 healthiest branches, the rest are cut off by one third of their length. In the 4th year, the main branch is shortened by 8 buds, the rest by one third of the length.

Then you need to carry out sanitary pruning of treesremoving diseased or damaged branches.

The pear should be pruned using a sharp secateurs. After the wound dries up, the sites of damage are treated with garden varnish.

Whitewashing a tree trunk will protect it from frost, sun rays and rodents. This procedure should be performed in autumn and spring, using the following mixture:

• 10 liters of water;
• 1.5 kilograms of clay;
• 2 kilograms of lime.

Pear grade Marble does not tolerate cold weather, requires shelter for winter, whitewash

Considering that Marble does not tolerate cold, the tree is carefully prepared for winter:

• you need to remove all the fallen leaves and remove the last hanging fruits;
• water the tree abundantly using 50-100 liters of water, then mulch it using hay or sawdust;
• the trunk of the tree and large branches are covered with cotton, breathable material.

This variety is needed protect not only from winter cold, but also from spring frosts.

Harvesting and storage

Full maturation of the Marble begins in October, but harvesting can begin in September. It is best to remove pears in the morning, tearing them off along with the stalk.

You need to store the fruits in a dry room with a temperature of 0-1 degrees. The container must be dry drawers or wicker baskets work best.

If all conditions are met, pears can lie for up to 2 months.

Features of the variety

The most important feature of Marble is its unique, dessert taste. In addition, such pears contain a huge amount of vitamins and beta-keratin, 85 percent of the fruit is water.

Thanks to these qualities pears of the Marble variety are recommended by many nutritionists... These fruits do not increase appetite and are low in calories.

This variety is an excellent pollinator for many other pears, but at the same time, the process of self-pollination is difficult.

Breeders are very fond of marble. With its help, you can get high-quality varieties of pears, it is an excellent donor.

The negative qualities of mono include poor resistance to cold, because of this, the tree has to be covered not only for the winter, but also in May, during the spring frosts.

The peculiarity of the Marble variety is a dessert taste, it is recommended by nutritionists

Diseases and pests

Marble is resistant to diseases such as powdery mildew, scab or fruit rot, but there are ailments that can infect a tree, so it is very important to know preventive measures and how to treat it.

Pear mite - sucks the inside of the leaves, in early spring, before the buds swell, the tree must be sprayed with a solution of colloidal sulfur.

Black cancer - is one of the most dangerous diseases, when darkening appears on the bark, the damaged area is cut off, capturing 2-3 centimeters of the healthy part. Then the cut site is treated with a 2% solution of ferrous sulfate.

Medianitsa - as a preventive measure during flowering, the tree is sprayed with an infusion of yarrow or chamomile.

Leaf rust - orange spots begin to appear on the leaves, after flowering they are treated with 1 percent Brodsky liquid, and after the leaves fall off, the branches are treated with a 5 percent carbamide solution.

Moths - to get rid of insects, you need to collect all crumbling carrion and spray the leaves with water during the summer of butterflies.

Green aphid - Treating the tree with soapy water with anabasine will help get rid of pests.

Sunburn - regular whitewashing of the wood post helps the best.

Cytosporosis - the bark of the tree becomes dark red and gradually dries up, mainly old or weakened individuals suffer.

The pear of the Marble variety is susceptible to green aphids, black crayfish, honeydew, cytosporosis and several other diseases

To prevent the onset of the disease, you need to whitewash the trunks and avoid damage... Infected areas are removed and treated with a solution of copper sulfate.

The most important prevention method and the treatment of diseases is the timely removal of infected or suspicious branches, after which they must be burned.

Gardeners reviews

Olga: “I planted a marble pear on my plot and did not regret it at all, our climate is warm enough, we live in Orel. Yes, the tree happens to freeze, but the taste of the fruits themselves always remains at the highest level, if you take proper care of the tree, it will bring a huge amount of harvest, from which I will make jam and stewed fruit. "

Basil: “Next year I am going to remove Mramornaya from my site, the tree is constantly freezing and requires a lot of care. In addition, there is no sourness in the taste, and without it, in my opinion, a pear ceases to be a pear. In addition, this variety can abruptly stop the ripening of fruits, and they remain hanging until late autumn, while other trees regularly bring crops. "

Irina: “I love Marblenaya for its excellent taste, besides, its appearance allows us to use this variety for sale. If pears are picked in autumn, then they taste like a melon, a very unusual combination of tastes is obtained. "

Choosing the Marble variety, you need to take into account the climatic conditions of the region in which you plan to plant.Otherwise, the tree will constantly freeze, hurt, or even die.

But if the weather allows you to grow this variety, then such fruits will decorate any table... Delicate, sweet, juicy, with flesh melting in your mouth, they will become favorites of both children and adults.

Pear Marble is one of the most widespread varieties in Russia due to its excellent taste and resistance to various diseases (fruit rot, powdery mildew, scab). Despite the low indicators of winter hardiness, this variety is grown in the Central region, and with proper care the trees give a high yield.

Variety history

The variety traces its history back to 1965, when it was included in the State Register and began to be cultivated in several regions: Central Black Earth, Volgo-Vyatka, Nizhnevolzhsky and Central. Marble is a "descendant" of the Bere winter Michurin pear, which was bred by I. Michurin for cultivation in the Russian climate. Later, at the Rossoshansk gardening station, this variety was crossed with the Forest Beauty pear, as a result of which the Marble variety appeared.

The main features of the variety

One of the main advantages of this type of pear is their high taste. The flesh of the fruit is juicy and soft, “melting”, the taste is sweet. Tasters rate the palatability at 4.8 points on a five-point system. Interestingly, despite the sweet taste, the sugar content in fruits is only 10.7%. In addition, pears do not increase appetite, so they are recommended for the diet of obese people.

The size of the fruits is average or slightly larger than average, the weight of pears reaches 130 - 170 g, but there are also larger specimens - up to 200 - 220 g. Pears have a regular shape, their rind is dense, smooth, greenish-yellow. On the side there is a dark red marble blush to which the variety owes its name.

The pear blooms early, so it "risks" suffering from frost, which means that a significant part of the harvest will be lost. Flowers are small, collected in umbrella-type inflorescences, 8 - 10 pieces in each umbrella. The crown of trees is broad-pyramidal, of medium density.

Yield

Marble is characterized by high yields: under good conditions, the yield from one tree can be up to 200 kg. Trees begin to bear fruit 6-7 years after budding in the nursery.

This variety is called late summer or early autumn, that is, the fruits are harvested in the last days of August or early September. If the fruits are to be laid for storage, then they must be removed without waiting for full ripeness. Pears can be stored for up to 1 month, and after special processing - up to 2 months.

The fruits can be eaten fresh, cook jam and compotes from them, cook mashed potatoes, marshmallows, dried fruits.

Suitable region and climate

The marble pear "feels" best in southern latitudes. The description of the variety indicates its low winter hardiness, therefore, when grown in the northern part of the Central Region, trees may freeze slightly. Nevertheless, pears of this variety are grown in the Moscow region, but they need more careful care: they are better sheltered in winter, and they are sheltered during spring frosts.

Gardeners reviews

According to reviews, the variety is unpretentious, and even novice amateur gardeners can cope with the cultivation of Marble. Opinions differ on the taste of the fruit: some consider it excellent, others too sweet, noting the absence of a characteristic sourness.

The experience of gardeners suggests that in the northern regions of the Central and Central Black Earth regions, a pear will freeze all the time if it is not covered for the winter. In Voronezh and more southern regions, the winter hardiness of the variety is good.

Some reviews say that the pear is prone to rust and loses fruit in dry weather.

In general, the main advantage can be considered the taste and juiciness of the fruit, and the disadvantage is not always good resistance to external conditions.

Features of planting and selection of seedlings

Landing scheme (photo):

It is imperative to buy seedlings in the nursery, while you should pay attention to the following parameters:

1. Age - 1 to 2 years old.
2. Roots without damage, about 25 cm long, there should be 3 - 5 roots in total.
3. The bark is smooth, there are no cracks.

In spring, it is necessary to plant a pear at the beginning or in the middle of May: if you do this earlier, then the seedling may freeze slightly. If you plant in the fall, then the best time will be the beginning of October.

Landing is carried out as follows:

1. It is necessary to make a depression with sides up to 70 cm and a depth of 1 m.
2. Loosen the bottom and put 150 g of ash, 200 g of superphosphate, 40 g of potassium and 10 kg of humus in the pit.
3. Place a young plant and a support in the hole, which will subsequently support the seedling.
4. Drizzle with water (you need about 3 buckets).
5. Mulch the soil around the tree with peat in a layer of 10 cm.

Important! The root collar of the seedling should be 4 cm above the ground.

Marble needs pollinating varieties: it is very good if pears blooming at the same time as your tree grow on your or in a neighboring plot: Cathedral, Severyanka, etc.

Possible diseases and how to treat them

The most common diseases of Marble are as follows:

1. Rust. It can be recognized by its bright orange spots on the leaves. The plant becomes weak, its immunity decreases. For prevention, the tree should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture 2 times a year: in the spring before the beginning of the growing season and in the fall, when the leaves fall off. If the disease befell the plant, its affected leaves and fruits must be destroyed, and the tree must be treated with Hom.
2. Stem rot (cytosporosis). To prevent this phenomenon in the fall, be sure to whiten the trunks, remove diseased and damaged shoots in time, try not to injure the bark. If cytosporosis was noticed on the pear, cut out the affected areas with a knife and treat the tree with copper sulfate (dissolve 300 g of lime and the same amount of sulfate in 10 liters of water, use 3 liters of solution for 1 tree).
3. Black cancer. It is expressed in the appearance of spots that increase, and their edge becomes bright brown. On the fruits, you can see red spots, while the pears dry out before they ripen. The affected areas must be cut out with a knife and treated with 1% copper sulfate, and then apply the garden var.

Care rules

Watering

One of the main conditions for good fruiting is a sufficient supply of moisture to the tree. Pears need to be watered: if there is not enough water in the soil, the fruits may crumble before reaching ripeness. If the summer is normal, not dry and not rainy, then 2-3 buckets of water per 1 m2 are taken for irrigation. If there is little rainfall, the watering rate should be doubled.

Top dressing

For the first time in a year, a pear is fertilized during the flowering period - 100 g of urea must be diluted in 5 liters of water. The next top dressing can be done in June (50 g of carbamide per 5 l of water), the third in July (100 g of potassium sulfate per 5 l of water).

It is also necessary to fertilize the tree when it bears fruit. Simultaneously with the digging around the tree, it is necessary to make 1 m2:

• bird droppings - 1 kg;
• manure - 2 kg (or compost - 5 kg);

Plus, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are introduced, the amount of which is determined by the age of the pear:

• up to 12 years old - 6 g of potassium and 4 g of phosphorus
• up to 20 years old - 8 g of potassium and 6 g of phosphorus
• over 20 years - 12 g of potassium and 6 g of phosphorus.

Foliar dressings are also useful, which contribute to the growth and increase in pear yields. 10 days after the end of flowering, you should spray the Marble with 1% urea solution and repeat the treatment after 14 days.

Pruning

Pruning should be carried out in the spring before the start of sap flow or in the fall, while the temperature is not less than 8 degrees. It is carried out in different ways, depending on the age of the tree:

1. In the first 2 years, only damaged and dry branches should be removed.
2. In the third year, trim the trunk to a third of its length. At the same time, the 3 most developed branches should remain.
3. In the 4th year, shorten the main branch by eight buds, and cut the others by one third.
4. For all subsequent pruning, remove three-year and five-year branches.

After pruning, all cuts must be lubricated with garden varnish.

Shelter for the winter

When preparing the pear for winter, remove the fallen leaves around it and collect the remaining fruits from the tree. After that, water the tree abundantly (for 1 plant - 50 - 100 liters of water) and mulch the ground around it with sawdust with a layer of 20 cm. Cover the trunk and thick branches with cotton cloth.

Important! Synthetic fabrics for shelter should not be used, as this will dehydrate the bark.

Marble - a pear variety with fruits of early autumn ripening, bred at the Rossoshansk zonal experimental gardening station through hybridization of 2 varieties - Bere Zimnyaya Michurina x Lesnaya Krasavitsa. Authors of the pear: G.D. Neporozhny, A.M. Ulyanishchev. Since 1965, the variety has been zoned (included in the State Register) in the Central, Central Black Earth, Lower Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions. The variety was most widespread in the south of the Central Black Earth Region.

The trees have medium vigor and a wide pyramidal, medium thickened crown. The ability to shoot is weak. The branches are powerful, with an oblique-vertical arrangement. The bark on the trunk and main branches is greenish-gray. Ring-type fruiting: fruits are tied mainly on ringlets, located on young 2 - 4-year-old branches.

Shoots are directed upward and are colored reddish brown. Lentils are small in size, light in color, faintly noticeable and are common. Buds are triangular, protruding, brown in color. The leaves are medium in size, green in color, ovoid, without pubescence, with finely toothed edges and a rounded base, located at an acute angle to the shoot. The leaf blade has a smooth, glossy, almost even surface. Petioles are medium in length, uncolored.

Umbellate inflorescences, consist of a large number of flowers (each has an average of 8 - 9 pieces). The buds are white. The flowers are quite small in size (up to 3 cm in diameter), saucer-shaped, white in color, not terry. Petals with solid edges, slightly closed. The stigma of the pistils is at the same level as the anthers. Trees bloom earlier than other varieties.

The fruits of the Marble pear are of a higher average size, weighing an average of 150 - 180 g (rarely reaching 200 - 220 g). The shape of the fruit is correct, round-conical. The surface is leveled, smooth. The skin is rather thick, with small, rusty subcutaneous punctures. The main color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color occupies most of the surface in the form of a marbled or blurred orange-red blush. The stalks are quite thick, medium in length. The funnel is expressed in the form of a slight depression. The saucer is small and wide. Half-open cup. Seeds of medium size, light brown color, are present in small quantities.

The pulp can be white or creamy, coarse-grained in structure, very good sweet taste, very juicy, tender, melting, aromatic. The assessment of appearance on a 5-point tasting scale is 4.7 points, taste is estimated at 4.8 points. By chemical composition, the fruits contain: dry matter (15.8%), the amount of sugars (10.8%), titratable acid (0.07%), ascorbic acid (7.3 mg / 100 g). By design, the variety belongs to the dessert type.

In the south of the Voronezh region, the period of removable fruit ripeness falls on the end of August - beginning of September. The consumer period usually lasts for 3 - 4 weeks, the maximum period is until mid-October. Pears are stored for no more than 60 - 70 days.Thanks to its strong skin, fresh fruits have a very high level of transportability. The commercial quality of the fruit is high.

Fruiting of pears Marble begins at 6 - 7 years after budding in a nursery. Productivity can range from medium to high, depending on the level of moisture supply (determined by natural precipitation, irrigation regime, depth of groundwater). Under the conditions of the Rossoshansk station, the average yield at its various sites over the years of study was from 160 to 240 c / ha, the maximum yield is 420 c / ha. A significant factor that reduces the yield of this variety is the easy shedding of fruits with a lack of moisture (especially during dry periods) and in the absence of decent wind protection in trees.

The level of winter hardiness in the conditions of the Central region of Russia is borderline. So, in the southern part of the Central Black Earth region, the winter hardiness of the variety is sufficient, but in its northern part it is only at an average level. In 1976 and 1978, freezing ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 points (that is, at the level of Bessemyanka). In the conditions of spring frosts (May 6 - 7, 1999, when the temperature dropped to minus 6 ° C; May 2 - 20, 2000, at minus 2 ° C), by the end of flowering, there was a strong freezing of flowers (up to 100%). The cultivar's resistance to powdery mildew and scab is very high.

The main advantages of the Marble pear are: exceptional resistance to scab, high commercial and consumer qualities of the fruit.

And although the winter hardiness of the variety in the south of the Voronezh region is practically on a par with Bessemyanka, the level of yield and quality of fruits in Mramornaya is still much higher.

It is also worth noting that Marble is a valuable donor in breeding work when developing new varieties with high quality fruits.

The main disadvantages include an insufficiently high level of drought resistance, which entails high shedding of fruits and a decrease in yield; low winter hardiness of flower buds, low rate of early maturity, insufficiently high level of winter hardiness for the Central region.

Pears are wonderful fruits and are a pleasure to have in your garden. But it is very important to choose from a variety of varieties suitable for growing in a particular area. After all, not all of them have high winter hardiness or drought resistance. If your garden is located in the Central or Central Black Earth District, you can opt for a beautiful, fruitful and tasty marble pear.

Pear Marble - the best grade for the Moscow region

Pear variety Marble refers to early autumn ripening pears. It was obtained by breeders G.D. Neporozhny and A.M. Ulyanischeva at the Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station. Marble is suitable for cultivation in the gardens of the Central, Central Chernozem, Lower Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions, therefore it is suitable for cultivation in Voronezh, Moscow and a number of other regions.

The fruits of the Marble pear have an excellent presentation.

The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal crown and a weak ability to form shoots. The main branches are strong, upright or slightly sloping. The color of the bark of the stem and main branches is greenish-gray, and the color of the shoots is red-brown.

Fruit ovaries are formed on ringlets growing on young shoots 2–4 years of age. Smooth, glossy leaves have an ovoid shape and finely toothed edges, grow at an acute angle to the shoot. Inflorescences are formed by 8-9 small white flowers. Flowering begins earlier than other pear varieties.

Fruits of the Marble are of medium size (about 160-180 g), rounded-conical, smooth and even, with a thick skin and a thick peduncle. Coloring of pears is yellow-green with a "marble" orange-red blush.

The pulp is white or creamy, fragrant and juicy, with a pleasant sweet taste, melts in the mouth.It contains quite a lot of sugars - about 10.8% and 7.3 mg per 100 g of ascorbic acid mass.

Characteristics of pears Marble - video

Advantages and disadvantages of the species

Landing features

Pears of this variety can be planted both in spring and autumn (20-30 days before the onset of frost). Marble feels best on loamy soils. When planting in clay soil, be sure to add 1.5–2 buckets of sand and peat to the pit, and when planting in sand or sandy loam, put 1–1.5 buckets of clay on the bottom of the pit, and add 2–3 buckets of peat, humus or compost on top ... For planting, it is advisable not to take seedlings older than 3 years - they take root worse.

Plant the pear in a well-lit area downwind of buildings, preferably on a hill. If the groundwater is close to the ground, provide drainage or the tree may die.

Planting must be correct to ensure good development of the tree

Planting sequence:

1. Prepare a planting pit (0.7-0.8 per 1-1.5 m) at least 2 weeks before planting and fill it 2/3 with a mixture of a sod layer of soil with 2-3 buckets of compost or rotted manure, superphosphate and ash ( 0.8-0.9 kg).
2. In the center of the pit we strengthen a stake up to 1.5 m high. You can pour a couple of buckets of water to plant in the mud.
3. We place a seedling with pre-cut branches and roots in the hole and cover it with soil with constant gentle shaking (for good filling of the inter-root space).
4. We tie the trunk of the seedling to the stake - not tight so that the tree can settle with the soil, otherwise the root system will be exposed.
5. We form an irrigation hole and (if not planted in mud) moisten with 2-3 buckets of water.
6. We wait until the soil settles completely, and again firmly tie the tree to the peg.

Planting pears - video

Tree care

Proper pear care includes regular watering, feeding, pruning, and winter preparation.

Description of irrigation features

Watering can improve fruiting and increase the frost resistance of trees. Usually pears are quite resistant to drought, but Marble pears are sensitive to dry soil - they begin to shed fruits. This does not mean that abundant watering is needed, but the soil under this pear should be kept constantly moist. Depending on the weather, the pear needs to be moistened 5-8 times per season. Young trees in the first 2 years after planting are watered more often - 1 per week, then once every 2 weeks.

Central Russia is considered a zone of sufficient moisture. However, most areas receive about 500 mm of rainfall per year, but in order to obtain high and sustainable yields, gardens should be watered even when their number reaches 1000 mm.

In addition to summer procedures, in which only the top layer of the soil is moistened, in the winter, it is necessary to carry out water-charging irrigation, saturating the deep layers of the soil with moisture. This technique helps keep the roots of the tree from freezing until permanent snow cover is established. In addition, it allows you to start irrigation later the next year. It is carried out in November (at a rate of 8-10 buckets of water per 1 m2).

What fertilizers should be applied so that the pear fructifies better?

To ensure optimal conditions for the growth and development of trees, it is necessary to regularly apply organic and mineral fertilizers, balanced in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, taking into account their presence in the soil. Providing fruit trees with nutrients increases their resistance to pest damage and disease.

Mineral fertilizers can be applied together with organic fertilizers for digging the soil

Nitrogen fertilizers contribute to the growth of trees and an increase in productivity, an increase in winter hardiness depends on potassium, phosphorus is important for the color of fruits and their taste. Only we must not forget that too abundant fertilization can harm instead of good.

For example, an excessive amount of nitrogen increases the harmfulness of powdery mildew, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reduce the damage to shoots by this disease.

Foliar top dressing with special fertilizers containing various amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and various trace elements is very useful for trees. In this form, the nutrients are well absorbed by the leaves of the trees. Processing should be 2-3 times. Foliar dressing should be applied before and during flowering, as well as when trees are depressed. Systematic application helps to increase the size of leaves and fruits. Top dressing for pears affected by moniliosis is very important, since in them the fungus damages the vascular system and the supply of nutrients to the crown is reduced.

Pruning

Pruning fruit trees is an important technique that makes it possible to achieve regular high yields and improve the quality of the fruit. This operation is recommended to be performed annually in order to increase the illumination of the crown and achieve its rapid ventilation in wet weather, as well as prevent outbreaks of diseases such as moniliosis, scab, powdery mildew (accordingly, the need for fungicide treatments will decrease).

Pear pruning must be done annually.

Sanitary pruning is done to remove diseased and dead branches, but it also has its own varieties. For example, during periods of outbreaks of monilial burn, a special phytosanitary procedure is required, in which fruit twigs, shoots, branches that have dried up from this disease are removed. It is carried out in the summer, a month after flowering, when they are clearly visible (it is very difficult to identify diseased buds in winter).

When cutting diseased branches, the healthy part should be captured by at least 10–15 cm, since the presence of mycelium of the fungus is also possible there.

Since there are foci of infection on diseased branches, they must be immediately removed from the garden, without delaying until spring, as gardeners often do. Together with winter or early spring pruning, the trunks and main branches of trees should be cleaned from dead bark, since under it there are often overwintering pests - mites, aphid eggs, scale insects, and also causative agents of moniliosis, black cancer, etc. the number of aphids and suckers. If there are scoops in the crown of the tree, the wintering "nests" of the hawthorn caterpillars should be removed during pruning.

At the beginning of summer, to adjust the branches in the crown of the tree, a "green operation" is performed - breaking off excess young shoots and tops. Such thinning facilitates the subsequent winter pruning, and also helps to lighten the crown, enhance its ventilation, and reduces the harmfulness of scab in the most dangerous period of the development of the disease.

Trees with moniliosis usually grow root shoots, which should also be removed during agrotechnical pruning. These shoots primarily affect various diseases, and the infection spreads to the crown of the tree.

Tillage

Regular loosening of the soil is necessary to improve moisture retention. In addition, keeping the soil under black fallow during the entire growing season increases the effectiveness of weed control, which takes moisture and nutrients from the tree, and, in addition, is an intermediate "home" for some pests. For example, spider mites feed on shrimp and field bindweed, and leafhopper larvae feed on various herbaceous weeds.

Preparing for winter

In winter, one of the main hazards is damage to the bark and shoots of the tree by rodents, therefore, from the onset of frost until a permanent deep snow cover is established, poisoned baits should be laid out in burrows near the trees (from 1 to 3 times, every 10-15 days). If only common voles are found in your area, use Geltsin Agro (gel).

Young trees (up to 8-10 years old) need to be tied in autumn (bole and lower main branches) with various materials (reeds, spruce branches). If deep snow has fallen in winter to protect against pests, it is recommended to compact it near the trunk of the tree. At the beginning of the spring snowmelt, when thawed patches appear at the base of the tree, inspect the soil for the detection of habitable rodent burrows (if there are traces of food, then the burrow is inhabited). If you find such holes, re-scatter poisoned baits near the tree.

One of the ways to protect against large rodents is to wrap the trunk with a net

You also need to beware of hares. Young trees are protected by coating the trunk with a mixture of clay and mullein in a 1: 1 ratio. It is desirable to add odorous substances to the mixture (creolin - 100 g per 10 l of water or carbolic acid - 50 per 10 l of water).

Pests and diseases

Although a distinctive feature of the Marble pear is its strong immunity against fungal diseases, especially scab, it is still worthwhile to include periodic inspection of the crown and trunk in tree care. This will help to timely notice the development of the disease and the appearance of pests.

Table: diseases and treatments

Diseases of pears in the photo

Scab on a marble pear - video

Table: pests and protection against them

Pear pests in the photo

Ripening, collection, storage and use of the crop

Fruits begin to ripen in late August - early September. You can consume them maximum until the second decade of October. The shelf life is short - usually no more than 2 months, but these pears tolerate transportation well due to their dense peel.

Harvesting must be done carefully, not pulling, but breaking off the branch so that the stalks are preserved on the fruits.

The collected fruits must be immediately removed to the shade.

One of the most delicious pear processing products is marshmallow

Carefully selected pears are kept free of mechanical damage and wormholes by putting them in a wooden or wicker container. Layers are shifted with paper or hay (you can wrap each pear in a newspaper). The storage temperature should be 1-3 ° C.

Since Marble is considered a dessert variety, it is usually consumed in its natural form and in fruit salads. But it can also be used for making juices, compotes, preserves, marshmallows and other delicious homemade preparations.

Reviews of gardeners about the grade Marble

Gardeners' reviews are valuable material from which you can glean a lot of information about the behavior of different varieties of pears in different regions.

Pear Marble is quite resistant to diseases and moderately resistant to frost, but those who want to grow it need to keep in mind the need for sufficient moisture supply for the tree. High yields and good quality fruit will reward gardeners for the hassle of growing this variety.

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