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Those varieties of apple trees that were popular with our grandparents are gradually becoming a thing of the past. Nowadays you rarely see in the gardens Grushovka Moskovskaya, Korobovka, Aport, Borovinka, Kitaika Zolotaya early, and even Antonovka is gradually losing ground. Despite the pleasant taste and other advantages, these varieties are in many ways inferior to those that have been bred over the past few years.
Varieties with which it's time to say goodbye
New varieties of apple trees with improved characteristics of yield, winter hardiness and resistance to the most common diseases appear in the State Register every year. Some of the currently popular varieties of apple trees are distinguished by absolute immunity to scab, others are valued for their excellent keeping quality and shelf life, while others attract with their beautiful appearance and wonderful dessert taste.
It is not at all necessary to plant in your garden exclusively seedlings of those varieties that have proven themselves well twenty or thirty years ago. Try to replace them with new varieties that domestic gardeners have already fallen in love with. It is unlikely that this choice will disappoint you!
Video about apple varieties
How to fight various diseases of apple trees from year to year, worry about how the trees will survive the winter, and unsuccessfully try to increase the yield, isn't it better to get rid of old varieties? Let's figure out which apple trees you can refuse without regret.
For example, in an old variety Cinnamon striped the apples, although tasty, are not very attractive in appearance, and the yields are not high enough. And apple varieties Autumn striped grow too large, start bearing fruit late and are poorly drought tolerant. Instead of these varieties, it is better to plant the Orlovskoe striped variety with mouth-watering tasty apples and good yield, or Cinnamon new - a variety that begins bearing fruit early, productive and is immune to scab.
Canadian Quinty is not winter-hardy and scab resistant
Quinty and Folding - summer varieties of apple trees, which are also not very suitable for cultivation. Canadian Quinti is not winter-hardy and resistant to scab, Papirovka does not bear fruit every year, besides, apples are very sour, becoming tasteless when overripe, and do not tolerate transportation well. Gardeners preferred Canadian Melba with delicious fruits to these varieties. And the new varieties Early Aloe and Orlinka are not only high-yielding and fast-growing, but in addition surpass Melba in winter hardiness.
From winter-hardy varieties, you can say goodbye to North synap, giving not particularly tasty fruits, with Pepin with saffron, prone to frequent scab damage, as well as with a variety Memory of Michurin, from which it is difficult to wait for a good harvest. Antonovka ordinary with all its positive qualities, it disappoints gardeners with irregular fruiting, short shelf life of apples and the manifestation of "sunburn" on the fruits during storage. Antonovka has no analogues in terms of fruit taste, but its yield and ripening times can be replaced by such varieties as Legenda, Cinnamon new, Brusnichnoe, Marat Busurin.
Apple variety "Antonovka ordinary"
The best apple varieties bred in recent years
Through the efforts of breeders, genes for apple tree resistance to the most dangerous diseases and genes for dwarfism were identified - something that was missing in the old varieties of apple trees. So, now in the world there are more than 150 varieties that are immune to scab, which means that they do not require treatment with fungicides.
Among the new varieties of apple trees, the following are distinguished by the best characteristics: Liberty, Golden Resistant, Baritone, Enterprise, Ligol, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Lovely Red, Green Blues, Askolda, Williams Pride, Champion, Capital Red, Radogost, Bullfinch. Most of the listed varieties have already become widespread abroad, but in our country they are only gaining popularity.
Video about early summer varieties of apple trees
We present to your attention a brief description of apple varieties that have already earned the love of Russian gardeners:
- The apple variety Medunitsa has become a real find for those who like sweet apples with a honey flavor. Their taste is most pronounced immediately after removal from the branch; fruits can be stored in the refrigerator until January. Fruiting of apple trees begins already in the fourth year, the yields are plentiful, regular, but with age they become periodic. The Medunitsa variety is immune to rot and scab.
- The Legend apple variety has a sweet, candy taste. Quite large conical fruits of dark red color have an attractive presentation and the same size. With proper care, the productivity of apple trees is very high, fruiting is annual. Winter hardiness and disease resistance are about the same as that of the best traditional varieties.
- Summer variety Mantet is valued for its early maturity, winter hardiness and good (albeit periodic) yield. Apples begin to ripen from the end of July, they are recommended to be consumed within a month. The pulp of the fruit is very juicy, aromatic, tender, sweetish with sourness. The Mantet variety is unstable to powdery mildew, but it is resistant to scab.
- Until March, the fruits of the Orlik variety, a winter variety of apple trees that ripen by mid-September, can be stored (you can see the photo in the tab to the article). The yellow fruits, covered with a solid red blush, have a harmonious sweet-sour dessert taste and a bright aroma. The winter hardiness of apple trees is sufficient, the resistance to scab is average.
Apple variety "Orlik"
- The late winter apple variety Bogatyr is famous for its high yields. Its large fruits with a pink blush are very aromatic and tasty - their sweetness is successfully complemented by a slight sourness. Fruiting begins in the fifth year after planting.
Particularly noteworthy are the varieties of apple trees included in the State Register that are absolutely resistant to scab: Solnyshko, Imrus, Bolotovskoe, Jubilee of Moscow, Orlovskoe Polesye, Freshness, Kandil Orlovsky, Start, Zdorov'e, Rozhdestvenskoe.
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The State Register includes about 400 varieties of apple trees. And if you add local, new or outdated, but still living in our gardens, then the list will turn out to be impressive. What are the most common varieties?
Each region has its own favorites. We have compiled a kind of top-5 of the most popular varieties for central Russia with different ripening periods. We also offer an alternative - less common, but noteworthy varieties.
We advise you to remember them when the time comes to replace the old apple tree. A very good way to replenish the assortment of your garden is to plant new varieties in the crown of already proven old-timers.
Number 1. Pouring white - an old local early summer variety, the very first apple of the season, ripens from the beginning of July.
Dessert tender friable sweet-sour pulp is to many to taste, fruits weighing 80-110 g. The variety is distinguished by high winter hardiness. Fruiting is sharply periodic.Years with a bountiful harvest usually bring problems - apples are stored for no more than two weeks, their transportability is weak. Scab attacks trees, especially in wet years.
Number 2. Melba is an unsurpassed Canadian variety in popularity.
It belongs rather to late summer or even early autumn, the fruits ripen in mid-September. He earned national love with his sweet and sour taste, his snow-white juicy pulp has a strong pleasant aroma. Fruits are medium (weight - 80-120 g). Apples are stored for 1-2 months. The tree is winter-hardy, fruitful, with high self-fertility. The disadvantages of the variety include the frequency of fruiting and the susceptibility to scab. The fruits do not ripen at the same time and quickly crumble.
Summer varieties - an alternative
Arkadik is an early summer domestic variety (VSTISP, Moscow), capable of competing with southern summer varieties. Juicy, sweet with barely noticeable sourness, the pulp has a strong aroma.
Fruits are medium and large (weight - from 80 to 180 g). The tree is vigorous, fast-growing, winter-hardy. Grows reliably in the Moscow region and northern regions of central Russia. The variety is scab resistant.
Mantet is a late summer variety of Canadian origin.
Creamy (pink under the skin) tender juicy pulp with a sour-sweet taste and strong aroma. The fruits are of medium size (about 130 g), they do not ripen at the same time, their consumption period is about a month. The apple tree is winter-hardy, fruitful, fast-growing, scab resistant. The disadvantages include susceptibility to powdery mildew, poor transportability of fruits (stored after removal for no more than 15 days) and the frequency of fruiting.
In memory of Tikhomirov - a late summer fruitful variety (Lomonosov Moscow State University), ripens in the second half of August.
Fruits are large (weight - 100-150 g), sweet and sour. The pulp is juicy, creamy, of medium density, prickly, fine-grained. The apple tree is medium-sized, begins to bear fruit in the 6th year. The variety is self-fertile, scab resistant, winter-hardy.
Number 3. Autumn striped, also known as Streyfling, or even Shtrifel, is a popular autumn Baltic variety of folk selection.
Dense, tender, juicy, slightly yellowish pulp of these apples has a pleasant light wine flavor. Fruits are above average in size (weight - 120 g), ripen at the end of August, have good transportability, can be stored until mid-November. The plant is winter-hardy, productive, scab resistant. Gardeners should take into account that the tree of this variety is vigorous, begins to bear fruit in the 7-9th year.
Autumn varieties - an alternative
Zhigulevskoe is a late autumn variety created at the Kuibyshev Experimental Gardening Station.
Apples ripen in mid-September and can be stored until February. Large fruits (weight - 150-200 g) with creamy dense juicy sweet-sour pulp with a pleasant aroma. The tree is winter-hardy, medium-sized, fruitful. The variety is self-fertile (the best pollinators are Antonovka ordinary, Cinnamon new), weakly resistant to scab, prone to periodic fruiting.
Orlovskoe striped - an autumn variety (All-Union Research Institute for Breeding of Fruit Crops, Orel), ripening in early September.
The fruits are stored until early December. The pulp is white with a creamy shade, fine-grained, tender, very juicy and aromatic. The taste is sweet and sour. Fruits are large or above average size (weight - 130 g). The trees are fruitful, fast-growing, with regular fruiting. The variety is relatively resistant to scab, average winter hardiness (for the conditions of the Oryol region - above average).
Number 4. Antonovka ordinary is an old local Central Russian variety of late autumn or early winter period of consumption (in the State Register it is listed as early winter).
The fruits ripen in mid-September and are stored for up to 2-3 months. The pulp is juicy, coarse-grained, white, with some excess of acid (and a high content of vitamin C) and a unique aroma.The fruits are large (weight - 125-170 g). The tree is winter-hardy, vigorous, fruitful. The disadvantages include sharply periodic fruiting, poor transportability of fruits, susceptibility to scab and moth.
Number 5. Bogatyr is a winter variety created in Michurinsk.
Fruits ripen in late September - early October, can be stored until May, and have good transportability. The pulp is firm, slightly juicy, crispy, white, with a sweet and sour taste and a pleasant aroma. The fruits are large (average weight - 175 g, maximum - up to 350 g). The tree is fruitful, tall, has an average winter hardiness and resistance to scab.
Winter varieties - an alternative
Orlik is a winter variety (All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops, Orel).
The fruits are harvested in the first half of September, at which point they are ready for consumption and can be stored until March. The dense, fine-grained, very juicy pulp has a strong aroma and a harmonious sweet and sour taste. Medium-sized fruits (90-100 g). The trees are quite winter-hardy, medium-sized. The variety is fast-growing, fruitful, moderately resistant to scab, differs in the frequency of fruiting.
Sinap Orlovsky is a late winter variety (All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding of Fruit Crops, Oryol).
The fruits are harvested at the end of September, but consumer ripeness begins in November and lasts until the end of April. The pulp is greenish-creamy, very juicy, prickly, has a good taste, a harmonious combination of acid and sugar, and a weak aroma. Fruits are medium and large in size (weight - 120-150 g). The trees are quite winter-hardy, vigorous, regular, moderate fruiting. The variety is relatively scab resistant.
The subtleties of cleaning and storage
Growing an apple crop is not easy, but it can be more difficult to preserve it. Fruits for long-term storage are harvested in dry weather, only by hand and with great care. It is unacceptable to shake apples from trees, broken fruits are not stored. They are harvested along with the stalk. Do not remove apples by pulling them down, twisting or pulling. This leads to the breaking off or pulling of the stalks and the breakage of the fruit twigs.
Most apple varieties are best stored at temperatures close to zero and 90-95% humidity. At lower humidity, the fruits begin to wilt (the skin becomes wrinkled). Sharp temperature fluctuations at high air humidity lead to the appearance of moisture on the surface of the fruit, which leads to their massive rotting.
Enemy forces
Gardeners aren't the only ones who love to eat apples. One of the main enemies of the summer resident - apple moth. The main protection measures are cleaning, collection and destruction of dead bark in autumn or early spring, the use of trapping belts, constant collection and processing of carrion during the summer. Amateur gardeners often use fermenting apple juice, which, in addition to the moth, also attracts moths, scoops and other insects.
Apple blossom beetle deprives many summer residents not only of the harvest, but even of the joy of admiring the spring flowering of trees. You need to start protecting the garden from the apple flower beetle in early spring - trapping glue belts are applied to the stem. Beetles are shaken off the branches during the period of bud swelling before the inflorescences protrude. The procedure should be carried out early in the morning at air temperature.
not higher than 8–10 ° С, then the beetles are inactive. This successfully replaces the chemical treatment against the apple blossom beetle.
The most harmful disease of the apple tree is considered scabwhich lowers the yield and weakens the tree in general. When laying a garden, it is worth choosing modern, disease-resistant varieties. The main preventive measure is cleaning the affected leaves after they have fallen from the garden; they can be burned, buried, composted. Treatment of the soil surface after leaf fall and tree crowns with concentrated solutions of mineral fertilizers with a high nitrogen content (7% urea solution or 10% ammonium nitrate solution) significantly accelerates leaf mineralization, and the dormant stage of the pathogen does not have time to form. But in years favorable for the development of scab, and on varieties susceptible to disease, it is impossible to cope with the disease without the use of fungicides.
A favorite fruit tree wherever the climate is suitable for growing it is the apple tree.Early, middle, late, sweet, sour, with a spreading crown and columnar, apple trees rank first among fruit crops.
Apples on the branches of a tree
Moderate watering and climate are sufficient for apple trees, without a lot of bright sunny days. They are unpretentious in care. In cultivated form, fruiting begins in the 4th - 10th year and yields are formed up to 40-50 years of age. Apples are loved by every family and are needed for a long period. How to select the best of the best, what features to pay attention to when choosing varieties?
How to choose an apple tree for your garden?
In order to select an apple tree for your garden that is suitable in all respects, you need to study the varieties bred for the region / district and pay attention to the following characteristic features.
Winter hardiness of the variety
The ability to withstand the most severe frosts, typical for the area, and successfully withstand spring return frosts, autumn sudden drop in temperature and other weather disasters. The winter hardiness of the variety in apple trees is not brought up. Cold resistance is passed on from parents at the genetic level. Therefore, regardless of the region, you always need to buy zoned apple varieties for planting. They are bred for certain climatic conditions, are less affected by pests and less infected with diseases.
The onset of fruiting and yield
For the home, it is better to buy early varieties of apple trees that form the first harvest in the 2nd - 4th year. Medium-fruited crops form in the 5th - 8th year and late-fruited ones - in the 9th - 10th - 12th year.
Productivity. It is advisable to select varieties of apple trees with annual fruiting.
Ripening period of apples
For a personal plot, it is necessary to select varieties with early, middle and late ripening so that summer varieties are replaced by autumn ones, and those by winter ones.
Summer varieties of apple trees are harvested in late July and early August, depending on the region. They reach biological ripeness for mass consumption of fruits, but they must be immediately used for food.
Mid-season apples are harvested in technical ripeness in September. When choosing varieties, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that some autumn varieties need to ripen after harvest in order to acquire their characteristic taste and aroma.
Late apples are usually harvested in late September - early October. In addition to late and mid-late varieties, there are late-ripening varieties that are harvested at the end of October or before the onset of frost. Such varieties are immediately laid for storage. Their fruits reach their maximum ripeness gradually.
Apple tree of autumn variety
Keeping apples
From varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods, varieties with good keeping quality should be selected according to the variety catalog. At the same time, pay attention to the fact that summer varieties have a shelf life of 1-3 weeks, but some lose their quality indicators after 6 days (darken, rot, etc.). In autumn varieties, 30-60 days are considered to be good keeping quality, and in winter varieties, at least 3-4 months. The best winter varieties of apples can be stored (if appropriate conditions are created), retaining all qualities, until the end of March - May and even until the next harvest.
Disease resistance of apple trees
You should choose a variety of apple trees with high resistance to diseases, especially to fungal (scab, rot and others) and pests. For "high immune" varieties, fewer treatments will be required, which will reduce the time and care costs in the future and will allow you to get harvests of ecologically healthy fruits.
Crown shape
For a private garden with a small area, it is more practical to choose a variety of apple trees with a small or medium, compact crown habit. Particularly advantageous in this case are columnar varieties that form a crop on the central trunk and do not have a crown in the conventional sense.A spreading, loose crown will be good in a resting corner, where it creates the necessary shade for vacationers, but in the garden it will occupy a large area and oppress other cultures.
Taste is not in the last place
When choosing a variety of apple trees, be sure to pay attention to the quality indicators of the fruits: sweet, sour, juicy, with dense or loose pulp. Sweet varieties contain sugars from 10% or more.
For example: Start and Bolotovskoe 10.5%, Kandil Orlovsky 10.3%, and Rozhdestvenskoe 11.1%. The fruits of these varieties contain up to 0.4% free acid.
Pay attention in the characteristics of varieties to such an indicator as the sugar-acid coefficient. With an indicator of 25% and above, apples are sweet (acidity is not felt in the aftertaste). At lower rates (10-20%) - the taste of the fruit is sour, like lemon. From 20 to 25% the taste is felt as sweet and sour, sweet and sour with a different aftertaste.
Here are the ten best apple varieties for the middle lane.
For a list of the best apple varieties for the middle lane, see the next page.
Foreword
Are the next American or Dutch seedlings frozen in the first frost? And modern domestic varieties of apple trees give no less yields and withstand the most severe Siberian winters! Why pay more?
Popular apple varieties and their detailed descriptions
Many farmers prefer older varieties that have gained immense popularity in industry and on private plots. Such trees are perfectly acclimatized and have been successfully grown for decades from the southern regions to the north of Siberia. They combine excellent taste and above average yield, increased winter hardiness and many other advantages that new trees usually do not have yet. Let's consider the most popular ones.
- Antonovka. She can be called a leader in the race for the championship. Every gardener in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus and all neighboring countries knows her. For more than 40 years, it has remained the best option for industrial use, since it is impossible to improve the classic, everyone's favorite variety. It gives up to 120 kg from an adult tree, up to 75 kg from a 7-year-old seedling. The pulp is sweet, there is a slight sourness, in general, decent taste ... Growing Antonovka is simple and profitable. Some fruits can reach 460 g if there are few of them on the crown. With a solid load on the tree, their weight becomes no more than 150 g.
- Alyonushka. Another native Russian version of a high-yielding tree. The fruits have an excellent appearance, slightly reddish, with a brown tint, they are extremely dense, transportable, stored until May. The plant can withstand up to -46 degrees, it is recommended for growing in many northern regions. From one tree, you can take 85 kg of ripe fruits with a good presentation, they have all the advantages of columnar fruits. 95% of production is stored until midwinter if stored properly. The apple tree is resistant to many diseases and withstands droughts.
- Sun. The apples were obtained as a result of the work of the Krasnodar breeding site in 1992. They still remain one of the best fruits in terms of their taste, transportability, and appearance. The tree can grow in the southern regions, as well as in the colder northern and central regions, withstands up to -45 frost, prolonged droughts. The plant is unpretentious to growing conditions: one treatment with complex insecticides and autumn pruning is enough to get a good fruit yield. In the fifth year, the seedling yields up to 45 kg of fruit, therefore many gardeners preferred to deal with the Sun for the purpose of subsequent sale and found the business extremely profitable.
The above-described varieties are the most stable and high-yielding, they have remained the best for decades and are popular in many countries.They are highly resistant to cold weather, pests, droughts and other troubles, and even in the most "difficult" years give an average yield.
New varieties of large-fruited and high-yielding apple trees
Who does not risk ... He does not feast on large and extremely sweet apples of domestic selection. Over the past five years, more than 75 excellent seedlings have been bred and acclimatized. Among them there are specimens for the temperate climatic zone, northern regions of Russia, southern regions. They give extremely high yields, but are not yet recommended for industrial cultivation and private plantings, as they are not highly stable. If you love tending trees and planting unusual fruit varieties, then the following descriptions of apple varieties will help you choose the one that suits you.
- Apple variety Medunitsa. Differs in high productivity and relatively large fruits (150 grams each). It was originally bred in the Krasnodar breeding site, but all subsequent "new things" were made already in the regions where the apples were adapted to the realities of the local climate. Today there are about 30 varieties of Medunitsa, and almost every year the variety is improving. Modern Medunitsa 2013 has excellent winter hardiness and large fruits up to 180 g (average). The yield reaches 70 kg (from a 7-mile tree). Watering is required only for the first year, then the seedling takes root well and gets moisture even from a depth of 3-4 meters.
- Apple variety Legend. This is one of the newest options for summer cottage planting. It was withdrawn in 2009, but today it is already quite widespread throughout Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. Differs in large fruits (average 240 g), as well as high yield. One adult plant produces up to 120 kg, which is an unprecedented result for most of the "old" leaders. Productivity per hectare - 40 tons. Average winter hardiness - withstands up to -25 degrees.
- Chervonets. One of the newest results of the work of Russian breeders, recommended for industrial cultivation in 2010 in the temperate zone of Russia. The yield reaches 1000 kg / ha, for which many farmers liked Chervonets. The fruits are relatively small, but there are also those that weigh 350-400 grams each - it all depends on the load (from one you can collect 120 kG!). Pest resistance is very high, but winter hardiness is not some kind of supernatural - it can withstand only -20 degrees, often freezes. That is why it is not recommended for cultivation in the northern regions.
New types provide good prospects for business, because profitability becomes much higher. The only drawback is that there is some risk involved. They can freeze out or become a victim of a pest invasion, as they are not yet sufficiently proven by time. It is recommended to grow no more than 30% of untested material when doing business.
The best varieties of apple trees in relation to taste
For many gardeners, a large harvest is far from the main indicator that you should pay attention to when choosing a particular tree. Sweet fruits that can be eaten raw, closed in a bottle or made great jam and amazing aroma are what true gourmets appreciate. We bring to your attention new varieties of apple trees with an unusually good taste.
- Apple-tree Royalty. Many lovers of this tree-bush plant it for decorative purposes, because bright brown leaves with red blotches become the best decoration for any garden. In addition to its decorative value, it has very tasty and aromatic fruits. The yield is small - up to 25 kg, subject to good care. The plant is resistant to many diseases, perfectly tolerates frosts down to -30 degrees, and also reacts well to high temperatures. Recommended for cultivation in southern regions.
- Gift to Grafsky.It is impossible to imagine dessert summer varieties of apple trees without a Gift! These apples are one of the most aromatic, tasty and long-lasting fruits. The fruits are small, only 120-140 g each, and the yield per tree is no more than 40 kg. Despite this, almost every modern summer resident has 1-2 trees for himself. Jam and compotes from the Gift to Grafsky are extremely tasty and aromatic. The skin is very thin, tender, the pulp is moderately dense and sweet, has a very light sour taste. Some gourmets notice the duchess aroma of the pulp.
- Arkadik. This is the "heir" of the well-known Antonovka, which has become a "must have" for every gardener in Russia, but also in all countries of the world. The heir has all the advantages of Antonovka, but the fruits are much sweeter, the flesh is denser. Ideal for stewed fruit and eaten raw. The extremely high yield (up to 150 tons / ha) allows for an efficient business. It is resistant to frost, provided that it is properly pruned, it can endure winter with a constant temperature of -35 degrees, no careful summer care is required - it is enough to treat it with insecticides 2 times.
By planting these varieties of apples, you will enjoy the best fruits and harvest relatively high yields. You can make a pleasant aroma of jam, sweet compotes, unusually tasty jam and much more in your country house from natural products!
