The best frost-resistant grape varieties

Many residents of Russia grow or want to grow grapes on their personal plot. But the climate of most of our country is not very suitable for this culture. By the efforts of breeders all over the world, now there are quite a few varieties that can withstand such difficult conditions. In this article, we will talk specifically about frost-resistant varieties.

Benefits of frost-resistant grape varieties

Some frost-resistant vineyards can withstand temperatures down to -27-29 ° С

The first and main advantage of frost-resistant varieties is clear from the name - these representatives tolerate our harsh winters relatively easily without shelter. Also, the berries are denser and, accordingly, transportable. Winter-hardy varieties are well suited for making wines. What varieties can withstand adverse conditions?

The most frost-resistant for arbors and arches

Lydia

The most beloved and widespread is Lydia. Bred by Williams Prince, a breeder from the USA from the Isabella variety, and received the name Isabella Pink there. It tolerates frost very well. The bunches are small. The berries are predominantly pink. They have an unusual, very pleasant taste. Suitable for gazebos and arches.

Grape variety Lydia

Great for wine. But the recipe must be strictly observed. Otherwise, Lydia has the peculiarity of emitting harmful substances if the technology is not followed.

Advantages:

• excellent frost resistance;
• self-pollination;
• resistant to powdery mildew and mildew;
• transportability.

The only significant drawback is the instability to phylloxera.

Aleshenkin

Aleshenkin is an early dessert grape, uncovered. He is also called Alyosha or # 328. It tastes great and looks beautiful - large clusters up to two kilograms, berries are cone-shaped, yellow-green in color.

Grape variety Aleshenkin

Advantages:

• very early;
• does not require special care and special agricultural technology;
• cuttings root well;
• good yield without feeding;
• few seeds in berries;
• great taste;
• berries stay on the vine at frosts down to -25 ° C.

Flaws:

• the underground part is not resistant to frost;
• berries need a growth stimulant, otherwise peas are likely.

Lady fingers

It has a unique berry shape that looks like women's fingers. Hence the name. The official name is Khusayne Bely. Large sweet berries are arranged in large bunches. The taste is excellent, sweet, with hints of sourness. They are most often used for making raisins, as they are seedless.

Grapes ladies fingers

It is a grape variety native to Central Asia. Very picky about the sun and heat. It has a long ripening period, therefore it is not very suitable for central Russia. It is grown by few winegrowers. With good care and favorable weather, as well as occasional feeding, you can still get a good harvest.

Advantages:

• high productivity;
• strong growth;
• excellent taste;
• lack of bones.

Flaws:

• long ripening period - 130-160 days;
• crop instability over seasons;
• long survival time of cuttings;
• low frost resistance - up to -11 ° С;
• this grape is very fond of wasps and birds;
• extremely susceptible to various diseases - fungus, oidium, powdery mildew.

If all these shortcomings are not scared off from landing, then you should carefully approach the choice of location. It must be protected from drafts, there was a lot of sun. The soil should be light. Groundwater should be deep - more than 2.5 meters. Same for ladies' fingers you need a lot of free space - at least 2-2.5 meters in each direction. If the year turned out to be rainy, then spoiled berries must be removed in time. Otherwise, they will suffer healthy fetuses.

Tukay

The table grape Tukay was created at the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking by Ya.I. Potapenko in Novocherkassk. The variety turned out to be unpretentious and frost-resistant. Tukay is loved for its rich harvest and long shelf life of berries, which are very tasty.

Tukay grapes

Advantages:

• early, in July already begins to ripen;
• large bunches - up to 1.5 kilograms;
• fragrant and tasty berries;
• has female and male flowers, therefore self-pollinated;
• fruits can be stored until spring, if the temperature regime is observed (from +1 to + 8 ° C).

Flaws:

• needs proper pruning, otherwise the clusters will be small;
• can be affected by a felt mite.

When pruning in the spring, 30-40 eyes are left, and the rest of the shoots are broken off by hand. It is difficult to get rid of the felt mite.

The leaves affected by the parasite must be destroyed, and the plant itself must be treated with colloidal sulfur.

Cardinal

The variety was obtained by crossing grapes by the Queen of Vineyards and Alphonse Lavalle. The brushes are large: length 18-30 cm, width 12-20 cm. Weight - 350-500 g. The berries are large. Their weight reaches nine grams. The color of the peel is violet-red, with a waxy bloom.

Grape variety Cardinal

Cardinal belongs to the early varieties. Ripening time - 105-110 days. Self-pollinated.

The best breeding method for this variety is grafting on the stock.

Advantages:

• excellent taste and attractive appearance;
• large berries;
• suitable for long-term storage;
• good transportability.

Flaws:

• low resistance to diseases and pests;
• shedding of flowers and peas at high humidity;
• the need for careful care;
• poor frost resistance.

Isabel

This variety was bred in the USA by Isabell Gibbs. Hence the name. Isabella, like some other American "gifts" (Colorado potato beetle, ash-leaved maple), turned out to be very tenacious. He does not care about the Epiphany frosts of central Russia. Also, it is practically not affected by any diseases characteristic of grapes.

Grape variety Isabella

At one time there was information that Isabella was harmful, since a lot of methyl alcohol is released during the preparation of wine, but later this information was denied.

Advantages:

• taste qualities;
• low calorie content;
• high productivity;
• unpretentiousness.

Disadvantage for some winegrowers, the late harvest period can be called October-November.

Rylines Pink Seedlis

Of all the varieties described in this article, Rylines Pink Seedlis differs in that it lacks seeds. The berries are in the shape of a ball, small, pink with strawberry aroma. The bunches are compact. Harvesting is in mid-September.

Rylines Pink Seedlis Grape

Advantages:

• lack of bones;
• high frost resistance;
• rapid growth of vines;
• very early ripening;
• resistance to fungal diseases;
• increased content of useful microelements (vitamin A, B vitamins, iron and iodine).

Flaws:

• in rainy weather in the ripening phase, the berries are prone to cracking;
• small fruits.

Literally 200 years ago, grapes in Russia were grown only in the southern regions and a little in the center of the country. Now it is grown in the Urals, and in the middle lane it is widespread everywhere. But breeders do not stop at their research. And, rest assured, many wonderful frost-resistant varieties adapted for our country will soon see the light.

Grapes are by nature a thermophilic culture, originating from countries with a favorable climate. However, amateur winegrowers want to grow sunny berries in the conditions of central Russia, the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. For this, grape varieties with increased frost resistance have been developed. It is not difficult to obtain generous yields of sweet berries in harsh conditions, but for this it is useful to know the intricacies of growing and caring for grapes.

The concept of frost resistance of a grape variety

In reference books on viticulture, the definition of the frost resistance of the variety is given. Frost resistance of grapes is the ability of its vegetative system in winter to withstand for a short time a drop in temperature to the values ​​specified in the characteristics of the variety, without damage or with minimal damage to the eyes of one-year-old shoot. In short, this is the resistance of the variety to critical negative temperatures. This means that at a certain low temperature those parts of the plant that further determine the fruiting and yield of the crop do not die. With a sharp drop in air temperature in winter, the buds (eyes) of the vine first freeze out, then the bark and cambium of the plant's wood are damaged. This applies primarily to young one- and two-year-old seedlings. Such a characteristic as frost resistance is determined for each grape variety empirically. The degree of frost resistance is derived on the basis of the results of long-term observations of the development of plants under the conditions of the experimental station. This indicator is the nominal (standard) value. In real conditions, sometimes significantly different from favorable, the frost resistance of grapes is lower than the declared one.

Table: grouping of grape varieties according to the degree of frost resistance

At critical low temperatures, freezing of up to 50% of fruit buds (eyes) is possible. A further decrease in temperature increases this figure to 80%. Frost damage to annual seedlings, in which not only generative buds freeze, but also wood, causes the death of the entire bush. The index of frost resistance of the variety is of fundamental importance when growing grapes in a non-covering culture. As a rule, these are high-standard formations in the form of altans, high hedges, arches and gazebos, where the sleeves of grapes are not removed from the supports, but hibernate in the open.

In contrast to frost resistance (resistance of fruit plants to critical negative temperatures), winter hardiness characterizes their resistance to the sum of unfavorable factors (including low temperatures) in winter. As a rule, most of the fruit crops exhibiting high frost resistance are at the same time highly frost resistant.

Features of growing frost-resistant varieties

The success of growing grapes in certain climatic conditions critically depends on the temperature regime of the region. It is known that the need for the amount of heat and sunny days for different grape varieties is significantly different. Low freezing temperatures sharply limit the use of varieties that are especially demanding for heat. When grape bushes are damaged by severe frosts, their mass death occurs. The highest degree of frost resistance is manifested in plants during deep winter dormancy. With the transition at the end of winter from organic dormancy to forced, and then by the beginning of the growing season, the frost resistance of the grapes decreases. Returning spring frosts affect the flower buds that are most sensitive to cold. The minimum probability of frost damage to grapes is during the period of blooming and flowering. The vine is the most resistant to frost. Unlike flower buds and grape roots, it is able to withstand even twenty-degree frosts. If, as a result of very strong cold weather, the vine is frozen, in the spring new replacement shoots grow from the dormant buds and the bush is restored within one growing season.

Video: choosing grape varieties - advice for novice gardeners

Caring for grapes of frost-resistant varieties is basically the same as caring for ordinary varieties. It consists in loosening the soil directly under the bushes and in the aisles, regular watering, weed control, correct formation and timely pruning of bushes, prevention of fungal diseases. The choice of the variety that is most suitable for specific climatic conditions, the time and place of planting grape seedlings is of decisive importance. In areas where cover varieties are grown in winter, grapes must be covered with suitable materials, which provides protection against frost damage and as a result of sudden winter thaws. Seedlings of frost-resistant grapes up to four years of age are subject to mandatory shelter for the winter, regardless of whether they are a covering variety or not.

Video: snow shelter of grape bushes

Despite the fact that frost-resistant varieties are able to withstand severe frosts, they require some preparation for winter. The grapes removed from the trellises should be laid on the ground, or better - on boards, roofing felt or wooden shields. Then the sleeves and vines are pressed down with coniferous spruce branches, pieces of foam, linoleum and covered with agrofibre folded in several layers, and on top with a film to protect against moisture. Under a snowdrift, the grapes covered in this way will winter safely even in severe frosts and icing. It has been experimentally established that 10 cm of the height of a snowdrift keeps grapes at ten degrees above zero.

Usually, around the end of October, I remove my grapes from the trellises, prune them, always leaving 3-4 large vines, and on each one - 1 replacement knot and 1 fruiting vine. Weak and crooked shoots coming from the root, I remove, and the shoots that have fruited in the current year are also cut to the fruiting vine, without leaving a hemp. Old and gnarled shoots, with cracked bark, coming from the root, I cut out at the base. After I cut all the grapes, I lay them on the ground, pressing the vines with sticks so that they do not spring. So he waits until spring.

Fruiting grapes exclusively on the growth of the current year, annual ripe stems - vines. Therefore, annual shoots are the basis of the harvest. Seedlings of the second year in early spring must be pruned so that the skeletal arms of the bush begin to form. Starting from the age of three, in the spring, grape shoots opened after winter are tied up on pre-prepared supports - trellises. The grape bushes of the covering varieties are cut in two stages: in the fall - before the bushes are sheltered before the onset of frost and in the spring - after the bushes open before the buds open and the growing season begins.When pruning, leave such a number of eyes (future fruitful shoots), which provides a high yield without reducing the strength of the bush. The number of eyes remaining after trimming is called the load of the bush.

Video: pruning a young bush of grapes

Pruning grapes of non-covering varieties has its own characteristics: the bushes are pruned mainly in the autumn-winter period, two to three weeks after the leaves fall, and continue throughout the winter at zero or positive (+ 3-5 ° C) temperatures until the buds begin to open. Sleeves of non-covering varieties are fixed on arches, gazebos, walls of buildings.

Early frost-resistant grape varieties

In the southern regions, grapes can ripen without loss until mid-autumn. When growing this crop in areas with a fairly short warm period and the possibility of early autumn frosts, the time from flowering to full ripening of the crop should be minimized. Therefore, the varieties zoned for the Central, North-Western and Ural regions have a short growing season, increased frost resistance and are classified as very early and early. These varieties include the grapes Krasa Severa, Muromets, Timur, Agat Donskoy, Talisman, Kodryanka and a number of others.

Table: early varieties of frost-resistant grapes

Most early varieties are characterized by:

• high productivity of bushes;
• good fruit taste;
• self-pollination (due to bisexual flowers);
• full maturity of the vine;
• versatility of use (fresh and in juices, drinks, wines).

The grapes of the Talisman variety have the same type of flowers (female), therefore, for pollination, it needs the appropriate pollinator varieties.

Photo gallery: features of various early grape varieties

Despite the great similarity in characteristics, the early varieties have a number of differences. For example, the high content of folic acid in berries has brought the Krasa Severa grapes the fame of medicinal. Grapes also differ in resistance to fungal diseases and the need for protection in the winter. Varieties that are susceptible to mildew or powdery mildew must be treated with fungicides during the growing season. The timing and frequency of processing depend on the specific grape variety.

Given the relatively high degree of frost resistance, in areas south of the Central Black Earth Zone, grapes can be grown in non-sheltered culture. However, in the event of a winter with little snow or very severe frosts, the bushes need shelter to avoid freezing of flower buds and wood. This is especially true for young plants, in which the thickness of the tree cover of the vines and arms is insufficient.

Video: early varieties for the Moscow region and the North-West region

Grape varieties of increased frost resistance

Thanks to active selection work, the zone of growing frost-resistant grapes has significantly expanded towards the northern regions, and now the border of its cultivation runs along the line Smolensk-Tver-Ivanovo-Kazan-Ufa. The most frost-resistant varieties are Severny Early, Platovskiy, Kristall, Zilga, Korinka Russian, Pamyat Dombkovskaya. The grapes of these varieties can withstand frosts from -28 ° C to -32 ° C. However, it should be borne in mind that when grown in more northern regions, the bushes require good shelter for the winter. In areas with mild winters, in the absence of sharp fluctuations in temperature during the winter, grapes can be left uncovered or a very light shelter can be made.

The grapes Pamyat Dombkovskaya are recommended for cultivation in private farms as a high-yielding table variety with berries of a wonderful harmonious taste, collected in large beautiful bunches weighing up to 370 g

Table variety Pamyat Dombkovskaya belongs to the raisin (seedless) group. The grapes are very early ripening, the growing season is 110-115 days. The bushes are vigorous, have bisexual flowers and are self-pollinated. The yield of the variety is very high, on average 8.5–9 kg / bush.In the varietal characteristics, frost resistance is declared up to minus twenty-eight degrees, but it is recommended to cover the grapes for the winter. Increased resistance to diseases and pests is one of the main advantages of the variety. The disadvantages include the periodic overload of bunches of bushes. This causes the berries to grind and reduce their juiciness. All of these qualities make it possible to grow Memory Dombkovskaya grapes throughout Russia.

The Platovsky grape variety is known primarily for its unpretentious cultivation and gives consistently good yields even under adverse weather conditions.

The main characteristics of the Platovsky grape variety:

1. Mainly grown as a technical variety.
2. The crop ripens quickly, in 110-115 days.
3. The berries are very juicy, with a harmonious taste and high sugar content (21.3%).
4. The yield is from 3.5 to 5 kg per bush.
5. The vigor of the bushes is average, the variety is self-pollinated.
6. It has a high frost resistance (-29 ° C), therefore, in the North Caucasus region, it is often grown in an open culture.
7. Has increased resistance to fungal diseases and immunity to phylloxera.
8. One of the best varieties for making high quality dry wines.

Video: Grape variety Platovsky

Grape harvest Early TSKHA ripens very early, within 110-115 days. The grapes of this variety do not stand out for their special size: on medium-sized bushes of average weight, berries (about 2 g) are collected in medium-sized bunches (weight 75–90 g). Usually one bush gives about 3.5 kg of fruit. The flowers are bisexual, so there is no need for additional pollination. The variety has a low (at the level of 40-60%) resistance to fungal diseases and pests (affected by spider mites). Frost resistance of grapes is regulated down to -28 ° C. But given that the variety has a permit for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation, in the northern regions, light shelter is required for the winter.

Due to the good taste of berries with the presence of pineapple aroma, the Early TSKhA variety is used as a universal variety, for fresh consumption and for processing into juices, compotes and wines

Noteworthy are the grape varieties that successfully grow and bear fruit in Siberia: Pearl Saba, Rusven, Amirkhan, Aleshenkin, Arcadia. And this is not a complete list of varieties that mature in a harsh climate with short summers and long, very cold winters. Today grapes, until recently considered a purely southern culture, have firmly taken their place in the plots of Siberian gardeners.

Video: features of frost-resistant varieties for Siberia

Considering the specific conditions of Siberia, very early and early varieties are used for planting. The agricultural technology of growing grapes in this region has its own characteristics. Despite the high winter and frost resistance, the bushes in winter can be damaged by frost. Therefore, grapes in Siberian conditions are grown either in trenches or on high ridges, with the obligatory insulation of boles and roots. However, such extreme conditions have a positive side: neither diseases nor pests affect the grapes. Consequently, no treatment with pesticides is required and the crop grows environmentally friendly. Most of these grape varieties have very tasty berries, fragrant and beautiful, collected in large, heavy bunches. Thanks to the varietal characteristics, the vine has time to ripen and the grapes leave safely in the winter.

Non-covering grape varieties

Grape varieties, the main characteristic of which is very high frost resistance (up to -40 ° C), are called uncovered or arbor. Most of these varieties are immune to mildew, powdery mildew and gray mold. The berries are inferior in size and taste to the fruits of the covering (European) varieties, but this disadvantage is compensated by the ability to use the bushes to shade arbors and resting areas. The main purpose of uncovered grape varieties is technical, for the production of wine and drinks.

Thanks to the intense color of the berries and the high sugar content, high-quality wines are made from the grapes of this variety.

The Saperavi Severny variety is technical and is used mainly in winemaking. The ripening period of the crop is late, late September-early October. A distinctive feature of the variety - ripe brushes do not crumble for 20-25 days. The berries are very juicy, with a high sugar content (17–20%), but small, weighing 0.8–1.2 g. The taste of the berries is specific "isable", which is appreciated in wine making. The clusters are small, the average weight of one brush is about 100 grams. Having bisexual flowers, the variety is self-pollinated. In non-sheltering culture, the branches and vines of the Severny Saperavi are able to withstand frosts down to -30 ° C.

A pleasant strawberry hue in the taste of Alpha grapes and balanced acidity make it indispensable for the production of dry wines

Alpha grapes are known as one of the best in winemaking. Small fruits of sour taste are collected in clusters of medium size and weight (up to 200 g). On tall bushes, the crop ripens 140-145 days after flowering. The variety is self-fertile, practically not damaged by fungal diseases and pests. High frost resistance up to -40 ° C allows growing grapes of this variety without shelter in the form of arches and arbors, for wall decoration. Even slightly frozen berries do not lose their taste and presentation.

Tall vigor and very good frost resistance in combination with an interesting taste of berries make it possible to grow these grapes both as a decoration for a gazebo and as a delicacy.

The grape variety Dvietis zila has been bred in Latvia for regions with difficult weather conditions during the winter. The bushes are resistant to negative temperatures down to -40 ° C, while the root system of grapes can withstand freezing of the soil up to minus ten degrees. Although the berries of this grape are small, they have a very harmonious taste with an amazing strawberry aroma. Medium-sized bunches weighing up to 150 grams ripen in four months. The variety is distinguished by a high enough yield for a non-covering crop - 10-15 kg of fruits are obtained from one bush. The good taste of the berries provide the variety Dvietis Zila with versatility in use. Thanks to the bisexual flowers, the bushes are self-pollinating and can be used for donor pollination of grapes with functionally female flowers of suitable mid-early varieties. Grapes are very weakly susceptible to damage by diseases and pests.

Video: an overview of the varieties of open winter-hardy grapes

Frost-resistant grape varieties in Ukraine

For cultivation in Ukraine, all frost-resistant varieties are used, which have been successfully tested for the conditions of central Russia and Belarus. The most famous grapes are Arcadia, Pearl Saba, Bako, Kievsky early, Platovsky, Muscat Delight, Agat Donskoy, Nadezhda AZOS and a number of other varieties. Most of the listed grape varieties of early and medium ripening, self-pollinating, have a high yield in combination with an excellent taste of the berries. They are resistant to fungal diseases and tolerate frosts well down to -25-30 ° С.

Video: grape varieties for cultivation in the Kiev region

Technical grape varieties are in great demand among many Ukrainian gardeners: Crystal, Lydia, Isabella, Magarach's Gift. Due to the rather mild climate in most regions of Ukraine, this grape is grown mainly in non-sheltered culture.

Video: uncovered grapes of the Crystal variety

The climate of the eastern regions of Ukraine in terms of weather conditions most of all corresponds to the climate of the North Caucasian region of Russia. This is a determining factor in the selection of grape varieties for cultivation in these areas. Most often varieties of early and medium ripening are cultivated here.Unstable winters of Donbass with frequent thaws, and sometimes severe frosts dictate the need to use mainly covering varieties. Although non-covering varieties are successfully grown in the wall culture.

Video: an overview of early grape varieties in the Luhansk region

Our summer cottage is located on the territory of the Donetsk region. Our soil is good, fertile, but nature often shows its temper. Either in April the east wind will bring a dust storm, then the snow will practically melt in the middle of winter, and then it will freeze during the day and everything is covered with ice. The soil on our site, although fertilized, but with a predominance of sand, therefore, in severe frosts it freezes deep enough. It is especially difficult for grapes in such conditions. If in winter there is little snow and severe frosts hit, then its root system freezes over. And in case of icing, the roots simply suffocate without air access. Our vineyard is small, there are several bushes of Odessa souvenir, Arcadia and Agatha Donskoy. Agate is our family's favorite. Unpretentious in care, very productive, and resistant to grape sores. In addition to Agatha, we cover all other bushes for the winter. And this grape perfectly tolerates Donetsk winters due to its high resistance to frost. But the roots sometimes suffer from freezing, the berries become smaller, the vines develop poorly and the bushes have to recover for a long time. Four years ago, we decided to plant a couple more bushes of our favorite variety. In a gardening magazine, I read how the famous winegrower Yu.M. Chuguev grows grapes on high ridges. And I decided to experiment with my grapes. In the spring for planting, we dug a trench 4 m long and about 0.3–0.4 m deep. Several buckets of gravel were poured into the bottom of the trench, compost was laid on top to the level of the trench and a layer of fertile soil with complex fertilizer. Seedlings were planted in the prepared holes (they were bought with a closed root system) and garden soil was poured up to a height of about 20 cm. The resulting elongated mound was mulched with humus. During the summer, the bushes were looked after, as usual for young grapes. They were carefully covered for the winter, and our "new settlers" overwintered perfectly. In general, the first three years after planting, we grew young grapes according to the classical system, with watering, loosening, weeding and shelter for the winter. And already in the third year, he thanked us with good bunches. Last fall we left Agat in a high bed without shelter. At the beginning of March this year, we went to our site to visit our pets. Judging by the condition of the vine, the grapes wintered well. Although the winter of 2017 started late, only the first snow fell at the end of December. And during January-February there were several thaws, followed by freezing and the formation of an ice crust on the ground. So we can say that the experiment was a success and the method of growing grapes on a high bed in our conditions has proven its effectiveness.

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A large selection of grape varieties with high frost resistance and good quality characteristics allows winegrowers, even in regions with difficult climatic conditions, to grow this culture and master new varieties.

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Until recently, the cultivation of grapes in central Russia, the Urals and Siberia seemed completely impossible. However, recently, breeders have bred a huge number of winter-hardy varieties that feel great, including in the northern regions.

Isable raisins

Gardeners of the Moscow region, the Volga region, Siberia and the Urals, who want to grow grapes in their suburban area, should first of all pay attention to just such varieties. They are great for disembarking near gazebos, awnings, fences and walls. In terms of taste, isabelle raisins are somewhat inferior to table varieties. However, at the same time, very tasty compotes and wines are obtained from them. The most common frost-resistant raisins are:

• Rylines Pink Seedlis;
• Lydia.

Rylines Pink Seedlis Variety

This hybrid was bred in America in the 80s. Its main distinguishing features are very early ripening (110 days) and seedlessness of the berries. Also, the advantages of this variety include resistance to fungal diseases and a high fertility rate (1.9). The berries of this variety are rather small (2-3 g). Rylines pink seedlings can withstand temperatures as low as -30 degrees. Therefore, you do not need to cover it for the winter.

Lydia grapes

This is one of the most common frost-resistant technical varieties. Its distinctive features are very small loose clusters and pink berries. The taste of this grape is very unusual - sweet, reminiscent of strawberry. The advantages of the Lydia variety include the transportability of fruits, resistance to powdery mildew and mildew, the ability to self-pollinate, and frost resistance. Of the shortcomings, summer residents note the lack of resistance to phylloxera, the rapid growth of stepchildren, shedding of berries in strong winds.

It is necessary to make wine from this variety with strict adherence to the technology. With all sorts of violations, it can release substances harmful to the human body (causing sclerosis). Fresh berries are absolutely safe.

Unpretentious varieties

Very often, summer residents of Siberia, the Central regions and the Urals grow unpretentious table frost-resistant grape varieties. In terms of taste, the berries of these varieties are inferior to dessert ones. However, at the same time, they do not require increased attention to themselves. The most popular varieties of this group include:

• Tukay;
• Codryanka;
• Aleshenkin.

All these are very suitable winter-hardy grape varieties for the Moscow region, non-covering. These varieties feel great in the Urals, Siberia, and the Volga region.

Tukay variety

This early maturing grape is distinguished by its vigorous growth and high yield. The bunches of the Tukai variety are very large - they can weigh up to 1 kg, and the berries are medium in size (2-6 g). The advantages of this variety include the ability to store berries for a long time (until April) and resistance to mold. The main disadvantage of the Tukai variety is considered to be its low resistance to diseases.

Codryanka grape

It is also a very early, vigorous table variety, the main advantage of which is its high resistance to diseases. Bunches of these grapes can reach a mass of 600 g. The yield of the Codryanka variety is excellent. A distinctive feature of this grape is the low acidity of the berries. You can eat them already when the sugar content is set at 12%. Like many other winter-hardy grape varieties, excellent for the Urals and other cold regions, Codryanka produces berries that are not too sweet, but at the same time quite tasty. Some disadvantage of this variety is considered to be a tendency to pea.

Aleshenkin

This variety was developed by mixing the pollen of several varieties of garden grapes. Its main advantages are excellent taste of berries, early maturity and high yield. The bunches of Aleshenkin grapes are very large, they can reach a weight of 0.7-2.5 kg. The color of the berries in this variety is amber with a light white bloom. Each berry can gain weight up to 5 g. Its resistance to diseases is average.

Capricious dessert grapes

Of course, summer residents of the Central strip, the Urals and Siberia are grown and very sweet, but at the same time quite whimsical, not too frost-resistant grape varieties. They are not very suitable for the Moscow region and other fairly cold regions, but with proper care they can also be grown with some success. It is paradoxical that in Siberia they grow better even than in the Central zone. This happens because in this cold region there are no "black frosts", that is, the snow cover in winter is always quite thick. The most popular frost-resistant dessert varieties include:

• Husayne;
• Cardinal.

Husayne grape (Ladies fingers)

This is one of the oldest varieties of folk selection. Its main advantage is simply excellent taste, large bunches with very elongated berries, productivity and vigor. These grapes can tolerate frosts, but not more than -12 degrees. Therefore, it does not apply to the unconcealed. For the winter, you need to bend it to the ground and stretch the film. Do not plant the Khusayne variety on poor soils or in places that are not protected from the wind. These sweet grapes are also not very resistant to disease.

Variety Cardinal

This grape was bred by American breeders. Frost-resistant grape varieties obtained on this continent are often suitable for Siberia, the Urals, the Moscow region and other cold regions. The main distinguishing features of the Cardinal variety are rather large clusters (up to 520 g) and simply huge berries (up to 3 cm in diameter). The advantages of the Cardinal variety include, first of all, excellent taste. The berries of this grape have a very juicy sweet and at the same time slightly crunchy flesh and a weak musky aroma. Moreover, they are transportable and can be stored for up to 3 months.

The disadvantages of the variety include sensitivity to parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. The yield of this grape is highly dependent on weather conditions. Like Cardinal, it should be carefully covered for the winter.

Early ripening hybrids

Especially appreciated by summer residents, of course, frost-resistant grape varieties of a very early ripening period. These, in addition to Rilines and Aleshenkin, include:

• Memory of Dombkovskaya;
• Tomich.

Early frost-resistant grape varieties, the photos of which can be seen below, are well suited for growing in cold regions, primarily because their berries have time to ripen even in the most unfavorable summer.

Grapes Memory Dombkovskaya

This early maturing variety has a high yield and is able to withstand frosts down to -28 degrees. He belongs to the canteen-kishmishny. The berries of the Payat Dombkowska grapes are of medium size and are collected in small bunches. Their distinctive feature is a very dark, almost black color. Their flesh is juicy, it tastes sweet and sour. The advantages of the variety include disease resistance and high yield.

Like many other frost-resistant grape varieties, suitable for the Urals, Siberia and the Central strip very well, Pamyat Dombkovskaya is distinguished by the fact that its berries can ripen even in the most unfavorable summer. Today it is one of the most promising varieties in terms of growing in the cold regions of the country.

Grapes Tomic

Tomich also belongs to early maturing hybrids. It was bred by the breeder R.F. Sharov. Bunches of Tomic grapes are medium in size, and the berries are white, round, very sweet. They are consumed mainly fresh. Variety Tomich is allowed to be used as a winter-hardy stock in areas with the most unfavorable climate.

Mid-season varieties

The grapes of this variety are also very much appreciated by Siberian and Ural summer residents. Such varieties are also grown in the Middle Lane, the Moscow region, the Baltic states. The most popular mid-season varieties include:

• Dubinushku;
• Katyr.

These frost-resistant grape varieties, photos and descriptions of which will be given below, do not require shelter for the winter, are unpretentious and are capable of producing high yields.

Dubinushka grapes

It is also a variety bred by R.F.Sharov. Its distinctive features are very large berries with good taste. The advantages of the Dubinushka variety include, first of all, unpretentiousness and high productivity. This grape has average frost resistance and should be covered for the winter. Best of all, this grape is suitable for cultivation in South Siberia.

Katyr

This is another interesting selection by R.F. Sharova. His bunches are very small (142-250 g), loose. The berries are also small and dark blue in color. The Katyr grapes ripen in early September. The berries, which have a peculiar taste, can hang on the bushes for a very long time and are practically not damaged by wasps.

All frost-resistant grape varieties described above (with the exception of dessert ones) do not require shelter for the winter and are relatively unpretentious. However, of course, it is necessary to care for grapes of any variety. This crop should be watered periodically. Also, the grapes need to be fed. Requires most varieties and pruning for yield regulation. Basically, only vines of isabelle varieties do not need this procedure.

History of grapes in central Russia

Different varieties of grapes in the photo

The history of grapes in the middle lane began relatively recently. And this is not surprising - harsh winters and late spring frosts nullified all the efforts of gardeners who sought to adapt grapes in a new place.

The first truly frost-resistant grape varieties were obtained by IV Michurin at the beginning of the 20th century by crossing the species V. amurensis, V. riparia, V. labrusca and some European and American varieties. The result of his work was such hybrid varieties as Metallichesky and Russian Concord, which are promising for the northern regions. These varieties were characterized by high yields and berries, quite suitable for fresh consumption. Varieties Arctic, Buitur, Korinka Michurina and Severny Bely are recommended for use as frost-resistant rootstocks.

Michurin's work was supported by Ya.I. Potapenko, having received two more promising European-Amur hybrids: Severny and Zarya Severa, which were widely used in breeding work, which resulted in such well-known winter-hardy grape varieties as Saperavi Severny, Violet Early, Stepnyak, Tsvetochny , Skif, Kazachka.

Later, European-Amur varieties were crossed with European-American hybrids of foreign selection. This work was carried out jointly with scientists from a number of European countries. At that time, more than 300 foreign varieties were brought to our country for testing. As a result of this activity, the assortment of the "northern" culture was replenished with such frost-resistant grape varieties for the Moscow region and central Russia as Druzhba, Rusbol, Resven, Augustin, Kristall and others. Many of these varieties were later included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.

But hybrids with good frost resistance did not inherit the size and quality of the berries. And only in recent decades it has been possible to obtain table grape varieties for the northern regions. The most interesting of them are Shasla Severnaya, for a covering culture in central Russia, Delight and Agat Donskoy, which can withstand a drop in temperature to -26 ° C, and the Baklanovsky and Talisman varieties, which have not only increased frost resistance, but large, excellent taste, berries.

Next, you will find out which grape varieties are best planted in the Moscow region and which winter-hardy forms are suitable for central Russia.

The best frost-resistant varieties of grapes for table and technical purposes

Augustow - a very early frost-resistant variety of grapes for table use. The berries are white, slightly greenish, oval or almost round, small, weighing 2.5-3 g, with a dense skin.The pulp is juicy, crunchy, with a weak nutmeg aroma. Bunches are cylindrical-conical, medium density, weighing 130-180 g. Ripen
in 85-95 days. The yield is high.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are small, rounded, with three weakly expressed lobes. The bush is medium-sized, rather spreading.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen by 90%. Shelter is needed for the winter. Good to use in wall culture. The variety is highly resistant to mildew and gray rot.

Berries are used for fresh consumption, preparation of white muscat wines, juice, compotes.

Agate donskoy - an early ripe variety for table purposes. The berries are dark blue, round, large, weighing 4-5 g, with a dense skin. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, simple taste.

Bunches of conical shape, medium density or rather loose, weighing 400-600 g. Ripen in 116-120 days. When describing this variety of table grapes, it is worth noting its very high yield: up to three bunches can form on the shoot. However, with a too rich harvest, the ripening period is delayed, and the quality of the berries deteriorates.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, three-lobed, with upward curving edges. The bush is vigorous, spreading. It does not form many shoots. Pruning for 5-8 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 35-45 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -26 ͦС. Shoots ripen very well. Can be grown in sheltered areas without shelter. The variety is highly resistant to mildew and gray rot.

The berries are consumed fresh and used for making drinks.

Aleshenkin Is one of the best table grape varieties with a very early ripening period. Berries are amber with a white bloom, oval, medium size, up to 4 g. The pulp is juicy, crispy, with a good sweet taste. Bunches of conical shape, rather loose, weighing 400-600 g. Ripens in 110-120 days. The variety is fruitful. It bears fruit well even in unfavorable years. Requires rationing of the crop load.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size with five distinct lobes. The bush is vigorous. The pruning is medium (for 5-6 eyes) or long (for 8-10 eyes). The optimal load on the bush is 35-45 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -26 ° С. Shoots ripen very well. Can be grown in sheltered areas as a non-sheltering crop. The variety is moderately susceptible to fungal diseases.

Berries are consumed mainly fresh.

Look at the photo of the table grape varieties, the description of which is given above:

Agate Donskoy in the photo

Variety Aleshenkin in the photo

Alpha - a technical frost-resistant grape variety of medium ripening. The berries are small, round, almost black with a purple tint, covered with a waxy bloom, weighing 2.0-2.5 g. The skin is dense.

The pulp is slimy with a clear strawberry flavor, sour.

The bunches are cylindrical, sometimes with a small wing, rather dense, weighing 120-200 g. Ripens in 140-145 days. The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are rather large, rounded, three-lobed with large triangular denticles along the edge. The bush is vigorous. Medium pruning for 5-6 eyes.

This is one of the best frost-resistant grape varieties that can withstand cold temperatures down to -40 ° C. Shoots ripen very well. Ideal for non-covering crops. Perfect for creating green walls, braiding arches and gazebos. It is almost not affected by diseases and pests.

Berries are used to make wines, juices and compotes.

Baklanovsky - a table grape variety for the middle lane of early ripening. The berries are white, oval with a thick waxy bloom, large, weighing up to 9 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, crunchy, of excellent harmonious taste.

As you can see in the photo, this grape variety for the middle band has large, moderately dense, conical bunches, weighing 650-850 g, with good care they can be even larger:

Ripen in 115-125 days. The variety is fruitful. Fruiting is stable.

The flowers are bisexual.Leaves are medium in size, rounded, five-lobed with large sharp teeth at the edges of the lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. Trimming for 8-10 eyes. The optimal load is 30-40 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen very well. Requires shelter for the winter. The variety has increased resistance to mildew, oidium, gray rot.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Heroic - a table variety of early ripening. Berries are white with a golden hue, oval, medium-sized, about 3 g. The skin is hardly noticeable. The pulp is fleshy, with a weak strawberry aroma, good taste. Bunches of medium size, cylindrical-conical, lobed, rather loose, weighing about 300 g, but with good care they reach 600-700 g. Ripen in 125-135 days. The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are medium-sized, five-lobed, with large sharp teeth at the edges of the lobes. The bushes are of moderate growth. Pruning for 6-8 eyes. The optimal load is 30-35 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -26 ᵒС. Shoots ripen satisfactorily. Shelter is needed for the winter. It is difficult to recover after freezing. Resistance to diseases and pests is below average.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Delight - a variety for dining purposes with a very early ripening period. The berries are white, slightly elongated, large and very large, weighing 6-7 g, with a relatively thin skin. The pulp is juicy, crispy, with a high sugar content. The taste is very good.

This grape variety for central Russia has moderately dense clusters, usually conical in shape, with an average weight of 500-600 g, some can reach 2 kg. Ripen in 110-120 days. The variety is fruitful.

Leaves are medium in size, heart-shaped, with shallowly dissected lobes. The bush is vigorous. Pruning is short, 2-4 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 35-45 eyes. To obtain very large bunches, the load on the bush is reduced to 25-30 eyes. Very responsive to good care.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen very well. Requires shelter for the winter. The variety rarely suffers from fungal diseases.

Berries are consumed mainly fresh.

Nutmeg delight - a very early ripening table variety. Berries are white, oval, large, 4.5-5.5 g. The pulp is dense, fleshy with a pronounced nutmeg taste. Bunches of cylindrical conical, medium density, rather large, 350-500 g, with good care can reach 700 g. Ripen in 110-115 days. The variety is fruitful.

Leaves are medium in size, rounded with pronounced lobes. The bushes are vigorous. Both medium (for 6-8 eyes) and short (for 2-4 eyes) pruning are allowed. Optimal load: 20-25 eyes. On grafted bushes - up to 35 eyes. Under high load, the quality of the crop deteriorates.

This one of the best grape varieties, suitable for the middle lane, is characterized by increased frost resistance: down to -27 ° C. Can be cultivated in sheltered areas as a non-sheltering crop. Shoots ripen well. In general, it is resistant to fungal diseases, but it can be affected by powdery mildew.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Dvietes zila - a universal variety with a mid-early ripening period. The berries are blue, round, small, weighing about 2-2.5 g. The flesh is slimy, with a pronounced strawberry flavor. Bunches are cylindro-conical, rather dense, small, weighing 140-150 g. Ripens on average in 120 days.

The flowers are bisexual. The cultivar is a good pollinator of V. labrusca plants with functionally female flowers. Leaves are medium in size, rounded. The bush is vigorous.

The variety is very frost-resistant, can withstand temperatures as low as -40 ° C.

Shoots ripen very well. Little is affected by pests and diseases.

Berries are consumed fresh and used for processing.

Pay attention to the photo - this grape variety for central Russia is ideal for decorating gazebos, arches, walls:

December - late ripening table variety.Berries are black with a thick waxy bloom, elongated-oval, large, weighing about 3-3.5 g. The skin is dense. The pulp is juicy, crispy, with a pleasant harmonious taste. Bunches of medium density, cylindrical-conical, with an average weight of 220 g. Fruitful variety. Ripens in 160 days.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, round or slightly oval, whole or with three weakly pronounced lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is short, 3-5 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 45-50 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -27 ° С. The ripening of the shoots is very good. Requires shelter for the winter. Resistant to major pests and diseases of grapes.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Early childhood - a universal variety of early ripening. The berries are oval, medium-sized, dark blue with a thick waxy bloom. Bunches of conical shape, medium density, medium and large size, weighing 500 - 700 g.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, rounded, with five well-defined lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is carried out for 6-8 eyes.

The variety is relatively frost-hardy, but requires shelter for the winter. Resistance to pests and diseases is average.

Berries can be eaten fresh or used to make wines, jams, compotes.

Here you can see photos of grape varieties for the middle lane, the description of which is presented above:

Variety Bogatyrsky in the photo

Variety Delight nutmeg in the photo

Variety Dvietes zila in the photo

Variety Children's early in the photo

Zilga - one of the earliest varieties of universal use. The berries are blue with a thick waxy bloom, round, slightly elongated, large, weighing 4-4.5 g. The flesh is slimy with a weak strawberry aroma. The bunches are rather dense, cylindrical with a wing, of medium size, weighing 300-400 g. Ripens in 105-110 days. High-yielding variety.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are medium-sized, rounded, with well-defined lobes. The bushes are vigorous. Medium pruning, 6-8 eyes. The first two eyes usually contain only one small cluster. The optimal load on the bush is 30-40 eyes. Produces well even with insufficient care.

This is one of the most frost-resistant grape varieties that can withstand cold temperatures down to -30 ° C. Shoots ripen very well. Can be used to decorate gazebos, arches, walls. It is extremely rarely affected by pests and diseases.

Berries are consumed fresh, as well as used to make wine, compotes and other processed products.

Next, you will find out what other frost-resistant grape varieties are grown in the middle lane.

The most frost-resistant grape varieties for central Russia

Kazachka - an early ripening wine variety. The berries are dark blue with a waxy coating, round, of medium size. The pulp is juicy with a nutmeg aroma. Bunches are dense, cylindro-conical, small in size, with an average weight of about 110 g. Ripens in 125 days. The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, three or five lobed, medium dissected with an elongated middle lobe. The bushes are medium-sized. Medium pruning.

Frost resistance up to -29 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Can be grown in sheltered areas as a non-sheltering crop. The variety is not resistant to gray rot, powdery mildew.

Berries are used to make dessert wines.

The beauty of the north - very early ripening table grape variety. The berries are white with a pinkish tinge, round or slightly oval, with an average weight of 3 g. The skin is thin, translucent. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, spreading, good dessert taste with a slight herbaceous aftertaste. The bunches are rather loose, conical in shape, branched, large, with an average weight of 250 g, the maximum can reach 380 g. Ripen in 110 days. This is one of the best grape varieties for central Russia with a very high yield.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are large, kidney-shaped, three-lobed. The bushes are vigorous. Trimming for 8-10 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 40-45 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С.Shelter is needed for the winter. Shoots ripen well. The variety is not resistant to mildew and powdery mildew. Weakly affected by gray rot.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Kristall is a grape variety for the middle band of technical use with a very early ripening period. Berries are white or yellow-green with a waxy bloom, oval, medium-sized, weighing 1.5-2 g. Strong peel.

The pulp is juicy, the taste is pleasant, harmonious. Bunches of cylindrical conical shape, medium density, medium-sized, weighing 170-200 g. High-yielding variety.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, strongly dissected. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning for 3-4 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 60 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -29 ° С. The variety is characterized by increased winter hardiness. Suitable for open culture. The ripening of the shoots is very good. Fungal diseases are almost not affected.

Berries are used to prepare dry table wines.

Codryanka - one of the best grape varieties for the middle lane for table use with a very early ripening period. Berries are dark purple with a waxy coating, elongated, large, weighing 6-8 g. The skin is tender. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, good taste. Bunches of medium density, conical shape, large, weighing 500-600 g, can often reach 1.5 kg. The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are rather large, rounded, five-lobed. The bushes are vigorous. Trimming for 8-10 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 40-50 eyes. The variety adapts well to various conditions. Responsive to good care. In unfavorable years for pollination, it is prone to peas, that is, to the formation of very small berries without seeds.

Frost resistance up to -24 ° С. Shelter is needed for the winter. Shoots ripen well. The variety is highly resistant to diseases and pests.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Astronaut - table variety of very early ripening period. The berries are dark purple, round, large, up to 4 g. The peel is of medium density. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, with a pleasant simple taste. Bunches of medium density, conical shape, medium-sized, with an average weight of about 165 g, maximum up to 200 g. Ripen in 100-105 days. The variety is relatively productive.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are large, weakly ovate, deeply dissected. The bushes are vigorous. Pruning for 5-8 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 40-45 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -23 ° С. Shelter is needed for the winter. Shoots ripen satisfactorily. Resistance to gray mold is high. It is affected by mildew and oidium.

Berries are consumed mainly fresh.

Crimean pearl - table variety of very early ripening period. Berries are greenish-yellow, oval, very large, weighing up to 3.9 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, of very good taste with a nutmeg aroma. The bunches are loose, conical in shape, the average weight is 260-290 g. The ripening period is 95-100 days. The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are very large, rounded, five-lobed, deeply dissected. The bush is medium-sized. Able to bear fruit from replacement buds. Medium pruning, 5-8 buds. The optimal load on the bush is 25-30 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -24 ° С. Ripening of shoots is good. Plant only in warm, sheltered areas of the garden. Shelter is needed for the winter. It is unstable to major diseases. Recommended for southern areas.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Muromets - a very early ripening table variety. Berries are dark purple with a thick waxy bloom, elongated, large, weighing up to 5 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, crispy, sweet taste. Bunches of medium density, conical shape, weighing up to 400 g. Ripens in 105-115 days.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium to large in size, with three or five distinct lobes. The bushes are vigorous. Trimming for 8-10 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 40-45 eyes. In unfavorable years for flowering and when the crop is overloaded, hummocking is observed.

Frost resistance up to -26 ° С. The ripening of the shoots is very good.Light shelter is recommended for the winter. In general, resistance to pests and diseases is quite high, but it can be affected by powdery mildew.

Berries are consumed fresh and for the preparation of compotes and preserves, suitable for raisins.

Nina's Muscat - a very early ripening table variety. Berries are greenish-golden, rounded, weighing up to 2 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, with a pronounced nutmeg aroma. The bunches are rather loose, cylindrical-conical, small, weighing from 70 to 240 g. Ripens in 105-115 days.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are large, rounded, poorly dissected, with five distinct lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. The pruning is medium and long for 8-12 eyes. The optimal load is 40-50 eyes. Demanding on soil fertility and a high level of agricultural technology. When overripe, the quality of the crop decreases sharply.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Shelter is needed for the winter. Resistance to pests and diseases is high.

Berries are eaten fresh.

Memory of Dombkovskaya - a table variety of a very early ripening period, belonging to the raisin group. The berries are black, oval, with a slight waxy bloom, of medium size. The skin is thin, delicate. The pulp is juicy, with a pleasant harmonious taste. Bunches of moderate density, cylindrical-conical, winged, with an average weight of 280-350 g. Ripens in 115 days. High-yielding variety.

The flowers are bisexual. The bushes are vigorous. Pruning is long, with maximum budding (approximately 7-15 buds). The optimal load on the bush is 55-60 eyes. It is prone to overload, while the quality of the crop is significantly reduced. Grows well in rich loamy soils.

Frost resistance up to -28 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Able to bear fruit from replacement buds. It is advisable to cover for the winter. Disease resistance is average.

The berries are used fresh and for processing.

Platovsky - one of the best varieties of grapes for technical purposes with an early ripening period. The berries are white with a pink tan, round, medium-sized, weighing 2-3 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy and has a harmonious taste. Bunches of medium density, cylindrical-conical, weighing up to 200 g. Ripen in 110-115 days.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are round, rather large. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is short for 3-4 eyes. The optimal load is 60-80 eyes. When describing this technical grape variety, it is worth noting its unpretentiousness. It bears fruit well even in unfavorable years.

Frost resistance up to -29 ° С. The shoots ripen quite well. The variety is suitable for growing in non-covering culture. It is relatively resistant to diseases and pests.

Berries can be eaten fresh and are great for making homemade wine, juices and drying.

Early TSHA - a versatile variety of a very early ripening period. Berries are black with a thick waxy bloom, rounded, weighing about 2 g. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy, crispy, of good taste, with a slight pineapple aroma. Bunches of medium density, cylindrical-conical, small, weighing up to 90 g. Ripens in 110-115 days. The yield is above average. In wet years, cracking and shedding of berries is possible.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, oval with five distinct lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is short or medium with 4-8 eyes.

This is one of the most winter-hardy grape varieties that can withstand cold temperatures down to -28 ° C. Requires light shelter for the winter. The shoots ripen quite well. Resistance to pests and diseases is average.

Berries are consumed fresh and used for processing.

Early Magaracha - a table variety of early ripening. The berries are dark blue with a thick waxy bloom, round or slightly elongated, large, with an average weight of 3.5 g. The peel is firm. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, good taste. Bunches are loose, broadly conical, often winged, medium and large in size, weighing 200-500 g. Ripens in 115-120 days.

The flowers are bisexual.The leaves are large, heart-shaped, five-lobed, deeply dissected. The bushes are vigorous. Medium pruning for 5-8 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 35-40 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -17 ° С. Shelter is needed for the winter. Plant only in well-heated, protected areas. The variety is capable of bearing fruit from replacement buds. Shoots ripen very well. The variety is not affected by gray mold. Susceptible to mildew.

The berries are used fresh and for processing.

Rusball - a table variety of early ripening. The berries are seedless (there are rudiments), golden, oval in shape. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, sweet, and has a pleasant taste. Bunches are moderately dense, conical, large, weighing from 400-600 g to 1 kg, and sometimes up to 1.5 kg. Ripens in 115-125 days. The variety is very productive. It is prone to overload, that is, to the formation of such a rich harvest that the plant does not have enough strength to prepare for winter. In addition, the taste of the berries deteriorates.

Leaves are medium in size, rounded, three-lobed, slightly dissected. The bushes are vigorous. Pruning is short by 2-3 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 30-40 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen very well. In sheltered areas, it is possible to grow without shelter for the winter. Differs in high resistance to diseases.

Berries are used fresh and for drying.

What other grape varieties are the most winter-hardy?

Rusven - a very early ripening table variety. Berries are pinkish-green with a waxy bloom, round, large, weighing up to 5-6 g. The pulp is juicy, good taste with a pronounced nutmeg aroma. Bunches are dense, cylindro-conical, sometimes with a wing, of medium and large size, weighing 350-550 g. With good grape care, they can reach 1 kg. Ripens in 110-115 days. The variety is fruitful. However, yield loss can occur due to cracking.

Leaves are medium in size with three lobes. Bushes are medium to vigorous. Pruning is short (3 - 4 eyes) or medium (6-8 eyes). The optimal load is 30 - 40 eyes. The variety adapts well to different types of soil.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. It is advisable to cover for the winter. Shoots ripen well. Diseases and pests are poorly affected.

Berries are used fresh and for making homemade wine, juices, compotes.

Northern early - a very early ripening table variety. Berries are yellowish with a pinkish tinge on the sunny side, round, slightly elongated, medium-sized, weighing 2-3 g. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, of good taste. Bunches are moderately dense, cylindro-conical, weighing 100-150 g. Ripens in 110-115 days. The variety is medium-yielding.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, five-lobed, deeply dissected. The bushes are medium-sized. Medium pruning, 5-8 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 30-35 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -27 ° С. Can be grown in sheltered areas in non-sheltered crops. Shoots ripen well. Resistant to berry cracking and gray mold, but is heavily affected by mildew and powdery mildew.

Berries are consumed mainly fresh.

Scythian - a very late ripening wine variety. The berries are round, white, small, the skin is rough. The pulp is juicy, with a high acid content. Bunches of medium density, cylindrical conical, with an average weight of 130-150 g. Ripens in 145-150 days. The variety is relatively productive

The bushes are medium-sized. The trim type is medium.

One of the most frost-resistant grape varieties, it can withstand cold temperatures down to -29 ° C. Ripening of shoots is good. Can be grown in a sheltered place in a non-sheltered culture. Disease resistance is below average.

The berries are used to make white table wines.

Stepnyak - a technical variety of a late ripening period. Berries are white, round, smaller than average, weighing about 2 g. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, the taste is harmonious. Ripens in 135-140 days.

As shown in the photo, this technical grape variety has moderately dense, conical clusters with an average weight of 200 g:

The variety is fruitful.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, rounded, three- or five-lobed with deep upper notches. The bushes are vigorous. Medium pruning, 5-8 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 60-80 eyes. Requires the obligatory removal of unnecessary sterile shoots.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Light shelter for the winter is desirable. Able to bear fruit from replacement and dormant buds. It recovers well in case of freezing. It is weakly susceptible to major diseases.

The berries are used to make table wines.

Suvorovets - a technical grade of early ripening grapes. The berries are white, round, small, with an average weight of 1.2 g. The pulp is juicy, with a pleasant harmonious taste. Bunches are moderately dense, cylindro-conical, weighing 150-200 g. Ripens in 110-115 days. The variety is very productive.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, transversely oval, with three well-defined lobes. The bushes are medium-sized. Medium pruning for 6 - 8 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Light shelter is needed for the winter. Shoots ripen very well. The variety is distinguished by its increased resistance to the main fungal diseases.

Berries are used to prepare dry table wines.

Here you can see photos of technical and table grape varieties, the description of which is given above:

Rusvenna photo

Variety Severny early in the photo

Variety Stepnyak in the photo

Mascot - a table variety of medium early ripening. The berries are white with a waxy bloom, round or slightly oval, very large, up to 16 g or more. The pulp is juicy, fleshy, very good harmonious taste with a light nutmeg aroma. Bunches of medium density, conical shape, very large, with an average weight of 800-1100 g. Ripens in 125-135 days. The variety is high-yielding and requires normalization.

The flowers are functionally feminine. Lobed leaves, deeply dissected. Pollinated by pollinating varieties. In unfavorable years, additional pollination is desirable. The bushes are vigorous. The trim type is long, with 8-12 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 25-35 eyes. Very responsive to good care.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Requires shelter for the winter. Possesses increased resistance to the main fungal diseases.

Berries are used fresh.

Early purple - a universal variety of medium early ripening. The berries are violet-blue with a waxy coating, round, medium-sized. The pulp is juicy, of pleasant taste with a nutmeg aroma. Bunches of medium density, conical, often with a wing, weighing 90-150 g, under good growing conditions up to 200 g. Ripens in 130-135 days.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium to large, three- or five-lobed, less often whole. The bushes are medium-sized. Medium pruning for 5-6 eyes. The variety adapts well to various growing conditions. Forms a lot of shoots, therefore, it needs a mandatory rationing of the number of vines.

Frost resistance up to -27 ° С. Shoots ripen satisfactorily. Light shelter is needed for the winter. Differs in increased resistance to major diseases, but can be affected by powdery mildew and bacterial cancer. Unstable to grape leafworm.

Berries can be eaten fresh, as well as for making juice and wine.

Frumoasa alba - a table variety of early-middle ripening period. The berries are white with an amber-yellow tint and a thick waxy bloom, round or slightly oval, large, up to 6 g, sometimes larger. The skin is thin. The pulp is moderately juicy, of a very pleasant harmonious taste with a nutmeg aroma. The bunches are rather loose, conical in shape, with an average weight of 300-500 g. Ripens in 125-135 days. The variety is very productive.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, oval, deeply dissected. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is short, 3-5 eyes. The optimal load is 30-35 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Ripening of shoots is good. Plant only in protected areas. Requires compulsory shelter for the winter.The variety is not affected by mildew and gray mold, it is highly resistant to other diseases and pests.

Berries are used fresh.

Floral - a grape variety for central Russia for technical purposes, with an average ripening period. Berries are greenish-yellow with a thick waxy bloom, rounded, weighing 1-1.8 g. The skin is dense. The pulp is juicy, harmonious taste with a pronounced nutmeg aroma. The bunches are dense, cylindro-conical, medium-sized, with an average weight of 140 g. The variety is fruitful, characterized by stable fruiting. Ripens in 135 days.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium in size, rounded, five-lobed, deeply dissected. Bushes are small. Pruning is short, 3-5 eyes. The optimal load is 25-35 eyes. Demanding on soil moisture, in dry years it is necessary to organize watering. It can grow in areas with a close groundwater table.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen satisfactorily. Requires shelter for the winter. The variety is resistant to mildew, susceptible to powdery mildew and gray mold.

The berries can be eaten fresh, but the main use is for juice and table wines.

Shasla nutmeg - a table variety of early ripening. Berries are golden, oval, large, weighing about 2.2-2.8 g.

There is no phylloxera in central Russia, so here it cannot harm all the listed grape varieties. However, if some of them (Delight, Muscat Delight, Kazachka, Early Magaracha, Stepnyak, Violet early) are planted in more southern regions, they may be affected by this common pest.

The skin is thin. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, nutmeg taste, very good. Bunches of medium density, cylindrical-conical shape, with an average weight of 150-180 g. Ripens in 115-125 days. The yield is average.

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are larger than average, three or five lobed. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning is short, 3-5 eyes. The optimal load on the bush is 30-35 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -23 ° С. It is necessary to select warm, well-protected areas. Requires compulsory shelter for the winter. Ripening of shoots is good. It recovers quickly in case of freezing. The variety is unstable to diseases.

Berries are used fresh.

Shasla northern - early ripening table grape variety. The berries are medium, round, pink. The skin is firm. The pulp is juicy. The taste is harmonious. The bunch is medium, weighing 116-125 g, cylindrical, of medium density.

Pruning for 6-8 eyes. The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium and deeply dissected, five-lobed.

Average winter hardiness, you need shelter for the winter. Medium resistance to mildew and powdery mildew, relative resistance to gray mold.

The grapes are used for fresh consumption and storage.

Now find out what grape varieties are planted in the Moscow region.

What frost-resistant grape varieties are best planted in the Moscow region (with photo)

Moscow white - a universal grape variety for the Moscow region of early ripening. The berries are white, round or slightly oval, medium in size. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy, with a good harmonious taste. Ripens in 125 days, relatively productive.

Look at the photo - this grape variety for the Moscow Region has clusters of medium density, cylindrical conical shape, medium size, weighing 220-330 g:

The flowers are bisexual. Leaves are medium to large in size, lobed, deeply dissected. The bushes are medium-sized. Pruning for 5-8 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -26 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Requires light shelter for the winter. Disease resistance is average.

The berries are used fresh and for processing.

A good grape seedling should have several well-developed heel roots.

Moscow early - a variety for dining purposes, very early ripening. When describing this grape variety for the Moscow region, it is worth noting medium-sized berries - they are white, round or slightly elongated. The pulp is juicy, dense, with a pleasant taste.Bunches of medium size, moderately dense, cylindrical-conical, weighing about 200 g. Fruitful variety.

The leaves are rather large, rounded, poorly dissected. The bushes are medium-sized. Average pruning for 6-8 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Requires light shelter for the winter. Resistance to diseases and pests is average.

The berries are consumed fresh and processed.

Moscow pink - a variety for dining purposes with a medium late ripening period. The berries are pink, oblong, large, weighing about 4-5 g. The skin is dense. The pulp is juicy, with a good harmonious taste. The bunches are loose, conical, large and very large in size, with an average weight of 420 g, maximum up to 900 g. Ripens in 135-140 days. High-yielding variety.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are rather large, lobed, deeply dissected. The bushes are vigorous. Medium pruning, 5-8 eyes.

Winter hardiness up to -25 ° С. The shoots have time to ripen. Requires compulsory shelter for the winter. Recommended for protected ground. Disease resistance is high.

Berries are used fresh.

Moscow sustainable - This is one of the best grape varieties for the Moscow region, universal, medium-early ripening. Berries are white with a golden sheen, round, small, weighing 2.5-3 g. Juicy pulp, good taste with nutmeg-pineapple aroma. The clusters are small, with a maximum weight of up to 120 g, loose, conical or cylindrical, very numerous. Ripens in 130-135 days.

The bushes are vigorous. The pruning is medium, 6-8, or 12 eyes long. The optimal load on the bush is 70-120 eyes.

Frost resistance up to -28 ° С. Shoots ripen well. The variety can be grown without shelter. Ideal for decorating gazebos, arches, walls. Possesses increased resistance to diseases and pests.

Berries are consumed fresh and used for processing.

Moscow black - a table variety of medium early ripening. The berries are large, ovoid, black. The skin is firm. The pulp is juicy, good taste. There are few seeds. Clusters are moderately dense, medium-sized, conical, winged, weighing about 250 g. Ripens in 115-125 days. Speaking about which varieties are suitable for the Moscow region, it is worth noting the high yield of this form.

The flowers are bisexual. The leaves are large, rounded, three-lobed. The bushes are vigorous. The trim type is medium.

Frost resistance up to -25 ° С. Shoots ripen well. Requires light shelter for the winter. Resistance to major diseases and pests is average.

Berries are consumed mainly fresh.

These photos show the grape varieties for the Moscow region, the description of which is given above:

Moscow early variety in the photo

Moscow pink variety in the photo

Variety Moscow black in the photo

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