Frigo strawberries the best varieties

Modern technologies have not spared gardening either. In this article, we will introduce you to a promising technique for growing and storing frigo strawberry seedlings. Subject to all the rules of planting and caring for the plant, you can collect fragrant and tasty berries throughout the year.

What does frigo strawberry mean?

Frigo technology translates as "cold". It was invented by Dutch specialists for the year-round growing of berries. Very quickly, this technique became popular in the world. It is important to understand that "frigo" is not a strawberry variety, but a type of seedlings harvested in a special way. In other words, Frigo strawberries come in many different varieties.

The essence of the technology lies in the fact that artificial conditions are created for the rest of the seedlings. The technique is also attractive in that it allows you to harvest a lot of seedlings, which can be used at any time.

Growing and harvesting seedlings

To get seedlings, mother bushes are planted in sandy loam and sandy soil in tunnel shelters or in open beds. The peduncles that form on them are removed so that the plant directs all its forces to the formation of offspring. During the growth of the plant, young bushes are actively fed. As soon as the strawberry seedlings enter the resting phase, they are dug out.

The readiness of the rosettes is usually checked by the rhizome - it becomes uniformly colored brown with light tips. Another indicator of "hibernation" is the leaves - they darken and acquire a brownish tint. This usually occurs in November, when the temperature settles between 0 and -3 ° C. Previously, the plant should not be disturbed, since in this case the planting material will die during storage.

The dug out young plant is transferred to a cool room in which the temperature is maintained from +8 to + 12 ° C. The roots are well shaken off from the remnants of the soil (do not wash!), And it is also strictly forbidden to cut them off. Then all large leaves are removed, leaving only the youngest leaves at the point of growth.

To avoid the appearance of rot, prepared “frigo” strawberry seedlings are treated with fungicides - “Vincit Forte”, “Fundazol”, “Hom”, “Topaz”. After that, they are sorted by the size of the root collar, and by varieties, and then tied into dense bundles, usually 50-100 pieces.

How are seedlings stored?

The bundles prepared in this way are placed in small plastic bags. For storage, you can use boxes, having covered them with foil from the inside. Its thickness is also important - 0.5 mm. Practice shows that "friko" strawberry seedlings die when stored in a film thicker than 10 mm. From 350 to 700 seedlings are laid in each box - the number depends on their size.

The harvested “frigo” strawberries are stored in special refrigerating chambers, in which the temperature is maintained from 0 to -2 ° C around the clock. In addition, the chamber must have a very high humidity - 90%. Moreover, control sensors are installed around the entire perimeter of the camera. The smallest fluctuations in these parameters lead to the death of seedlings. For example, when the temperature rises to + 0.5 ° C, it will provoke the awakening of strawberries, and at -3 ° C, the plants will freeze. Frigo strawberries can be stored in these conditions from two weeks to ten months.

Recently, cases have been recorded of maintaining the viability of plants for three years. Experts note that with too long storage of seedlings in the freezer, their yield decreases slightly. This is especially true for large-fruited varieties.

Classification

The yield of frigo strawberries, subject to the planting rules, largely depends on the quality of the seedlings. In European countries, strict standards have been developed that regulate the class of the plant in accordance with the diameter of the root collar of the plant.

Class A

In such seedlings, the neck diameter is from 12 to 15 mm. They have one or two generative buds. This "frigo" strawberry begins to bear fruit in the year of planting. About 20 berries are formed on each bush.

Class A +

The root collar is from 15 to 18 mm, it already has three buds (shoot). In the year of planting, three peduncles are formed, on which up to forty berries ripen. Despite the fact that the “frigo” strawberry varieties of this class are more expensive, they are in great demand for large plantations, since they can collect up to ten tons of berries per hectare.

WB class

This class includes elite seedlings that give a record yield. Neck diameter - from 22 mm and more. Such seedlings can only be obtained by growing outlets in the beds, on which additional agrotechnical work has been carried out. In the year of planting, the plant forms five peduncles. The yield is guaranteed to be from 450 g and above. Up to 20 tons of berries are harvested from each hectare.

Tray Plants Class

Its advantages are a controlled yield load, subject to planting in modern greenhouses and compliance with technological requirements; a very powerful root system, a significant supply of substances, resistance to high temperatures characteristic of the moment of planting; high yield and excellent quality.

Regardless of which class the "frigo" strawberry belongs to, it significantly surpasses traditional seedlings in all the main parameters - the size of leaves and berries, the size of the bush, the number of generative shoots. The frigo method is usually used for propagation of the most promising and high-yielding varieties - Sonata, Alba, Clery, Elsanta, Honeoye.

Preparing seedlings for planting

In open ground, these strawberries are planted in May-June. In the greenhouse - all year round. In order for the process of growing berries to be uninterrupted, this must be done at intervals of fifty to sixty days. Frigo strawberries are sold frozen, so they should be awakened before planting.

First, the seedlings must be thawed within 24 hours in a closed package, while too sharp a temperature drop should not be allowed so as not to cause a thermal shock of the planting material. To speed up defrosting, open the packaging and pour warm water on the seedlings. Remove the thawed bushes from the packaging and place their roots in cold water for three hours. This will help to replenish the moisture lost during the storage period. It is advisable to add a root system growth stimulator to the water - Getorauxin, Zircon, Kornevin.

Try not to let the solution get on the leaves, as this can lead to a slowdown in the development of the aerial part of the bush.

Choosing a landing site

Frigo strawberries are planted on a flat, weed-free, well-fertilized area.The ridges are created with a height of about twenty centimeters. Experts believe that siderates are the best predecessors: for example, autumn crops of mustard, legumes, rapeseed, followed by plowing of green mass in spring. It will be an excellent soil fertilizer.

In the fall, you can add manure. This measure is especially effective on light depleted soils. Mineral fertilizer should be applied before planting. Gardeners believe that Azofosk is the most convenient to use. The granules do not need to be deeply embedded in the soil: the fertilizer dissolves well and easily penetrates the soil with rain (or with irrigation). It can be applied both when cutting furrows and superficially - from 800 g to 1.5 kg. The dosage depends on the soil and therefore, whether green fertilizer or organic matter was previously applied.

Landing dates

Let's talk a little more about the timing of planting, since this issue is of interest to many gardeners. We have already mentioned that berries from such strawberries can be obtained all year round, or at a time convenient for you. To do this, you just need to calculate the number of days until full maturation.

If you plant seedlings in mid-May, then flowering will come in thirty days, after another month, fruiting will come. Planting delayed by two weeks shortens the time to fruiting. However, it is better not to delay planting especially: the weather during this period is still not very hot, which allows the seedlings to take root better. A delay in planting negatively affects the A + class seedlings. Given that these seedlings have the greatest potential, it is best to plant them earlier.

The longest shelf life is characteristic of class A seedlings, which can be planted without much risk until mid-June. Planting at a later date is fraught with a sharp drop in yield, the peak of which occurs at the very end of August - early September. At this time, the nights become cool, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the berries: their taste deteriorates due to the weak accumulation of sugars, they become smaller, softer and the risk of rotting increases.

Planting "frigo" (seedlings) strawberries in the ground

An important rule: do not leave open the roots of seedlings for more than fifteen minutes. After soaking, frigo strawberries are immediately planted in the prepared area. For spring planting, the soil is prepared in the fall. And in the summer, the soil is dug up a month before planting so that it is sufficiently compacted. You can form two-line or tape or beds. The distance between the bushes should be at least 30 cm.

Planting is done in well-moistened soil. It is necessary to shorten the roots of the seedlings to ten centimeters. A special tool has been developed to make it easier to fit. Its length is 20 cm, and at the end there is a notch for cutting and deepening the plant.

The roots must be straightened well, they must not be buried in a bunch. In the previously prepared holes, the roots of the seedlings are lowered vertically, it is necessary to ensure that there are no creases. The soil is pressed firmly and watered immediately to ensure good contact with the rhizome.

Frigo strawberry seedlings do not have leaves, so it is especially important to ensure that the rosette is above the soil surface, and the root collar is covered with earth. Failure to comply with these rules can lead to the death of the plant.

Advantages and disadvantages of the technique

Frigo strawberries have a number of undeniable advantages, but they also have disadvantages. The obvious advantages of such seedlings include:

• continuous growing of berries throughout the year;
• compactness of planting material;
• excellent survival rate;
• high productivity.

Growing strawberries "frigo" also has disadvantages:

• high price (from 15 rubles per piece);
• expensive equipment for storing seedlings;
• the difficulties of growing in the northern regions.

Reviews

Today the strawberry "frigo" is still not very common among gardeners.Reviews of the owners of small plots indicate that the wholesale supply of seedlings involves packaging from two thousand seedlings, and in retail it is problematic to purchase such seedlings.

Such seedlings are ideal for farms that have the necessary refrigeration equipment and greenhouses, and the open ground allows for the cultivation of "frigo".

Let's sum up

It is quite difficult to prepare seedlings using the Frigo technology - they undergo special processing and are stored under certain conditions. This significantly increases the cost of seedlings. However, more and more farmers and gardeners prefer such strawberries, since they can significantly increase yields, and in greenhouses they can be grown throughout the year.

There are a lot of rumors about frigo strawberries. This is an opportunity to get a harvest all year round, and the ripening of berries in a month and a half after planting, and resistance to all diseases ... What is true of this and is it worth hurrying for seedlings?

The very phrase "frigo strawberry" is more like the name of the variety and this leads to confusion in the minds of novice gardeners. It is worth figuring out what kind of berry it is and what are its features.

What is Frigo Strawberry

So, frigo is not a variety, but a technology for preparing strawberry planting material (garden strawberry). It consists in the following.

Strawberry mother bushes of the highest-yielding varieties are planted in spring in light soil (sandy or sandy loam), fertilized and do not allow them to bloom, so that the plant directs all its forces to reproduction. The hatched young bushes are also regularly fed and await their ripening. It occurs in November, when the strawberry foliage acquires a brown hue, and the rhizome becomes uniformly brown, remaining white only at the tips.

Mature plants are dug up, transferred to a cool room, shaken off the ground, but not washed or pruned. Then all large leaves are removed, and only young leaves remain on the bush. After the plant is treated with fungicides (Fundazol, Topaz, Hom, etc.), sorted depending on the size, tied in bundles of 50-100 pieces and sent for storage.

Frigo strawberry seedlings are stored in special conditions - folded in thin plastic bags and left in refrigerators. The camera should maintain a stable temperature of 0 to –2 ° C and humidity no more than 90%.

Subject to all norms, the bushes can be stored frozen from 2 weeks to a year without loss of yield and up to 3 years - with its decrease.

Varieties and classes of frigo strawberries

Frigo technology for growing strawberries implies a strict classification of bushes depending on the diameter of the root collar. In total, Europeans distinguish 4 classes, and the price of frigo strawberry seedlings will depend, first of all, on it, and not on the variety.

• To class - the diameter of the root collar is 8-12 mm, 1-2 peduncles, fruits in the second year after planting.
• A - class - the diameter of the root collar is 12-15 mm, 2 peduncles, fruiting in the year of planting, up to 20 berries per bush, subject to agricultural technology.
• A + class - the diameter of the root collar is 15-18 mm, 3 or more peduncles, 25-40 berries per bush.
• WB class - the diameter of the root collar is over 22 mm, more than 5 peduncles, more than 450 g of berries per bush per year of planting.

Using frigo technology, the highest-yielding and resistant varieties of garden strawberries (strawberries) are grown. Most often these are Alba, Clery, Honey (Honeoye), Elsanta, Sonata, etc. The largest Russian nurseries dealing with frigo strawberries offer more than 80 varieties.

How to preserve frigo strawberry seedlings

On sale, seedlings of garden strawberry frigo can be found from January to May, both in ordinary garden stores and in online stores. The planting material prepared for transportation is packed in sphagnum moss, which excludes the appearance of rot and mold.In this form, Frigo can be on the way for up to 3 weeks without loss of quality.

The acquired planting material must be carefully examined. If the bushes have not yet woken up and there are no leaves on them, you can continue storage in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0 to –2 ° C. If the bush has already begun to form leaves, you will have to plant it.

How to grow frigo strawberries

You can plant both on ridges (if the planting season has already begun) and in pots (if it is still far from spring). You can also temporarily plant the bushes in small pots (up to 500 ml), and plant them in a permanent place with the onset of heat.

Scheme of the correct planting of Frigo strawberries in the ground

Before planting, the roots are pruned to 10-12 cm, straightened and lowered into the soil so that they are distributed, lie flat, without creases, and not in a ball, but freely. The soil must be well moistened, and after planting, immediately compact around the bush. The seedlings have no leaves, so you need to carefully monitor at what level the root rosette is. Covering it with earth can lead to the roots getting wet during watering, and free exposure to air can lead to drying out.

Frigo strawberry soil should be very nutritious, and it is usually prepared in the fall. 10 kg of rotted manure, 30 g of potassium salt and 60 g of superphosphate are applied per 1 square meter of land. It is best to plant strawberries in high combs in 1-2 rows and mulch with agrotextile or straw.

Planting scheme for Frigo strawberries in open ground

Pros and cons of frigo technology

Of course, there are many advantages to modern technology. Let's just note the main ones:

• high productivity;
• ripening of ripe berries 8-9 weeks after planting in the ground;
• guaranteed healthy planting material;
• high survival rate of seedlings;
• the availability of many varieties suitable for different regions and climatic zones;
• the ability to harvest in the "off-season".

However, the overseas miracle has its drawbacks:

• seedlings are more expensive than usual;
• strawberries are fast-growing only for 1 year of life, and then they are no different from ordinary berries.

According to professional gardeners, growing frigo strawberries is a real breakthrough. So maybe you should try an unusual and very promising seedlings already in the upcoming season?

Modern technologies do not stand still. The frigo method for growing strawberries confirms this.

Dutch specialists have developed a technology for growing berries of various varieties all year round. The frigo method is storing berries in a refrigerator under certain conditions and planting them in open ground or a greenhouse at different times. At the same time, the harvesting period can be adjusted as desired.

The essence of frigo technology

The artificial conditions created for the dormancy of strawberries define the essence of the invention. As soon as the initial dormancy phase begins in the open field, the bushes are dug up and transferred to a cold place. During rest, the berry protects the accumulated reserves for the offspring.

Method effectiveness:

Frigo strawberry

If you fulfill all the requirements for digging in the fall and store it correctly in the refrigerator, planting can be carried out in spring in several stages. The method is effective in regions with a long autumn and a long growing season.

As a result of such procedures, berry picking is regulated.

In greenhouses, strawberries can be grown year-round, the main thing is to withstand dormant times. In greenhouse conditions, frigo can be used after 5 weeks.

The effectiveness of the frigo method is confirmed by positive aspects:

• strawberries take root well after planting and grow quickly. This is due to the presence of only the root system and rudimentary leaves on the seedlings;
• the compactness of the seedlings allows them to be transported over long distances;
• during storage there are no disturbances in the biorhythms of culture;
• landing dates are regulated. This makes it possible to avoid frost;
• the culture easily tolerates drought.

Flaws:

• expensive planting material;
• strict storage requirements;
• additional costs for refrigeration units;
• the frigo method may not be used in all regions.

Strawberry classification

Planting strawberries using the frigo method

Strawberries by the frigo method have 4 groups of class according to the diameter of the neck, the number of peduncles:

1. A + extra - expensive planting material. Since elite varieties are used for seedlings, and the yield per hectare is 20 tons. The diameter of the neck of this class is from 20 mm and more, one bush is capable of forming up to 5 peduncles. To get seedlings of this class, they grow it up at school.
2. A + - no less popular group, as it is well preserved after long-term storage. Productivity - 10 tons per hectare. The neck in diameter is inferior in size to the elite class - 15-18 mm, peduncles 2-3 pcs. This group is most often used for laying late harvests.
3. BUT - a group of this class is used mainly on small plantations, since it has only 2 peduncles, but the harvest is obtained this year by 150 g per bush or 4 tons per hectare. Shoot diameter from 12 to 15 mm.
4. IN - the group differs from all previous ones, by the presence of one peduncle and fruiting only in the second year. In the first year, the peduncle is removed. The diameter of the root collar is 8-12 mm.

Harvesting seedlings for growing

Before getting seedlings, it is worth planting uterine bushes. For this, high-yielding varieties are chosen, for example, Honeoye, Elsanta, Alba.

Algorithm of work:

1. The soil for planting is sandy soil.
2. As soon as peduncles appear, they are removed. The frigo method is aimed at ensuring that the bush accumulates nutrients for the offspring.
3. During the growing season, the berry is periodically fed.
4. By the fall, a phase of rest begins. This can be determined by the leaves - they acquire a brownish tint, and the roots are brown with a light tip. Only with these parameters, the bush is ready for digging for storage.
5. After digging, the bushes are shaken off the ground and transferred to a cool room.
6. All specimens are freed from leaves, except for those at the point of growth.
7. Treatment with chemicals is underway: Hom, Forte, Fundazol. This will prevent the bushes from diseases and rot.

Strawberry sprouts for frigo planting

Seedlings are sorted into classes.

Storing seedlings and preparing them for planting in spring

Seedlings are tied in bundles of 50-100 pcs. and placed in cellophane bags, 0.45 mm thick.

Do not deviate from the thickness of the cellophane to the larger side. The seedlings will die.

The optimum storage temperature is 1.5 degrees Celsius. Deviations by 0.5 degrees Celsius in one direction or another are possible, but not more. The seedlings will begin to wake up or freeze. Keep humidity 90%.

Duration of storage of seedlings from 5 weeks to 9 months. If the seedlings are stored longer, the strawberries will lose their yield.

Planting frigo strawberries in the ground

Before planting in open ground, the soil is prepared in the fall. The site should be dug up and organic matter added. You can also plant siderates, and in the spring, plow the green mass. This method is relevant for poor soils.

Planting time is regulated by the climatic conditions of the region, mainly May-June. The second planting should be done in 60 days, then the harvest will be uninterrupted.

The direction of the rows should be southwest, on a straight or slightly sloping surface. For seedlings, use high beds. Planting time for strawberries is better in the evening or in cloudy weather. It is good to moisten the earth.

Strawberry seedling material

Algorithm of work:

1. Seedlings are taken out of the refrigerator and awakened. For this, containers with planting material are opened and watered with warm water.

Do not expose the seedlings to sudden temperature changes.

• Once the strawberries are thawed, they are sent to cold water for several hours to replenish moisture.
• Pre-add any stimulant to the water, for example, Zircon.
• The root system is cut 10 cm before planting.To speed up the process, a device is used that helps to deepen the root into the soil and at the same time prune it.
• Within 15 minutes, you need to plant the seedlings after you pulled them out of the water.
• With thickened plantings, the step between the bushes is 15-20 cm, with ordinary ones - 30 cm.
• Spread the roots and place the rosette above the ground level.
• Water and mulch the soil, you can use black agrofibre with holes for the root system.

Continue daily irrigation for 10 days. Then, it is enough 1 time 5 days in the absence of rain.

Gardeners reviews

Gardeners share their experience with the frigo method:

Frigo strawberries grown on an industrial scale

Vladimir:I ordered class B frigo strawberries and was very disappointed as the root system is weak. I do not advise taking it, class A is better.

Alexander:I tried to find Frigo strawberries in retail, it turned out to be not so easy. There are 2,000 seedlings in packages. I would like such a product to be sold for summer residents, and not just for farmers.

Anatoly:I have been working with strawberries for many years and now I decided to try growing Frigo strawberries. Acquired seedlings of class A. The result is simply stunned. The yield was high, in comparison with simple varieties, and most importantly, quickly.

Maria:Received Italian and Dutch supplies of frigo strawberry seedlings. In the process of growing, the Italian turned out to be much better.

Oleg Ivanovich:I bought a frigo strawberry, class A. The seller advertised the products and said that I would collect 300 g from one bush, but received 30. The summer was hot, perhaps this is the reason. Planting was carried out on May 16, 13. The first harvest was harvested on July 1. In my opinion, it is better to buy class B and grow it until next year.

The frigo method gave farmers a fresh perspective on the possibilities of growing strawberries. When one hectare can be harvested from 4 to 20 tons of berries. Depending on the class of seedlings.

1. Garden strawberry
   1. 1.1 "Kokin" varieties
   2. 1.2 Regionalized varieties
2. Semi-renovated strawberry
3. Repair strawberry
   1. 3.1 Remaining strawberry varieties
4. Strawberry
5. Dredge
6. Wild strawberry
7. Breeding work
   1. 7.1 Directions (tasks) of selection
   2. 7.2 Donor varieties for crossing

Depending on the size of berries, origin and production and technological characteristics, strawberry varieties are divided into garden strawberries, semi-renovated, remontant, strawberries and dredgers.

A description of the varieties is given in the appendix.

Many gardeners have a problem choosing a variety to grow. A good tip is to focus on your neighbors, not trial and error.

Garden strawberry

Garden strawberry (large-fruited, single-fruiting varieties) belongs to the species - pineapple strawberry. She lays flower buds on the horns from mid-August to mid-September. It reproduces mainly by rosettes. Represented by the majority of strawberry varieties.

Varieties of large-fruited strawberries, depending on the timing of ripening, are divided into early, medium-early, medium-late and late. The earlier the variety ripens, the more seedlings of daughter plants will have time to lay flower buds and will give a higher yield next year. For planting, it is better to choose varieties with different ripening periods. Then the period of consumption of fresh berries will lengthen. In addition, not all plantings will suffer from spring frosts - either early varieties will have time to bloom before frost, or later varieties will bloom after them.

The most important influence on the taste of berries is the content of sugars and acids. Berries with a high sugar content and moderate acid content (dessert varieties) have high palatability.

When planning plantings and choosing varieties of planting, strawberries take into account the characteristics of each variety and, depending on this, the methods of growing, the timing of planting and ripening.It is good to have several varieties on the site, in particular, at least two varieties of the same ripening period, since cross-pollination contributes to better berry setting and better quality. If you plan to grow strawberries of different ripening periods, then it is better to place them on separate plots, since agricultural techniques are carried out at different times. The result is less trampling of the soil and less spread of pests and diseases.

For the central and, especially, the northern regions, the winter hardiness of strawberries is of great importance. Therefore, it is important at the next planting to unmistakably choose the most successful varieties that can withstand frequently recurring climatic anomalies and have other advantages.

"Kokin" varieties

It is useful to read the interview of the correspondent of the journal "Science and Life" (2006, No. 9) with S. Aitzhanova, professor of the Bryansk Agricultural Academy, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Art. a researcher at the Kokinsky stronghold of the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery, which is given below.

- We managed to create winter-hardy varieties that are resistant to extreme conditions. Among the early maturing - the undisputed leaders in winter hardiness Kokinskaya Zarya and Dewdrop, mid-season - Vityaz, Slavutich, Nightingale, Tsarina, and among the late-ripening ones - Rusich and Alpha... Variety Autumn fun, like most other varieties, belongs to the average winter hardiness.

Our varieties are distinguished by their complex resistance to all fungal diseases, due to which more than half of the harvest is lost. Selva, Seneca, Queen, Mishutka and some unnamed elite uniforms. These varieties and forms of garden strawberries do not rot in the garden and until the end of autumn are distinguished by bright green leaves without any spots, which indicates their resistance to white and brown spots and gray rot.

According to resistance to the main pest - strawberry mite - such varieties are distinguished as Fireworks, Queen Elizabeth, Tristar, Khonei, Seneca, Vityaz, Rusich, Kokin dawn, Autumn fun, Tsarina and Mishutka.

Among the most productive, giving 50 berries or more from a bush (this is over 400 g), even when exposed to several unfavorable factors (with favorable ones - from 500 g or more), Autumn fun, Nightingale, Slavutich, Rusich, Alpha, Wonderful, Surprise Olympics and some of the latter forms, as yet unnamed.

The most delicious berry is in the varieties Slavutich, Kokinskaya dawn, Rosinka, Venta, Kokinskaya early, Shelf, Queen Elizabeth, Bounty, Pandora, Tenira, Mishutka, Tsarina... The varieties Nightingale and Queen - the berry is the largest, the maximum weight is 50–60 g, not much less than a chicken egg. For all that, neither we nor breeders from other institutes have created an ideal variety (in terms of a set of indicators, when all the advantages are combined in one variety) for the Russian climate, alas, have not yet created. This is the challenge for the future.

All our new varieties, including the dugout, are being prepared for transfer to state variety testing. And three varieties of garden strawberries - Vityaz, Rusich and Alpha - are already included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.

Is it worth growing new varieties of strawberries from seeds? Those that are now sold in tempting colorful bags and are widely advertised by well-known firms, especially large-fruited remontant varieties such as, for example, World debut and Moscow delicacy?

Alas, very variegated offspring often grow from the seeds of large-fruited strawberry varieties, with the splitting of valuable parental traits. As a result, you get a small deformed berry. To demonstrate this visibly in practice, we sowed a separate section of our experimental plantation with seeds of most varieties that are sold in stores. It turned out that the loud promises of selling firms in most cases do not correspond to reality. In fact, the result is very mediocre.But almost always successful sowing of small-fruited remontant varieties of strawberries, such as Rügen, Baron Solimacher, The Yellow Miracle and others.

We do not have a parcel seller, and strawberry seedlings are not able to withstand being sent by mail - they will. However, we annually sell to Bryansk gardeners on the territory of the agricultural academy in the Kokinsky support point of the Vygonichsky district of the Bryansk region at least 50 thousand pieces of high-quality seedlings of the latest varieties.

We promise to accelerate the multiplication of the most valuable varieties and transfer them throughout the country as soon as possible. By the way, amateur gardeners undertook to distribute our new products almost everywhere. Thanks to them varieties Tsarina, Vityaz, Rusich, Kokinskaya dawn, Autumn fun already undergoing successful "trials" at thousands of sites.

Regionalized varieties

Large-fruited strawberries are highly susceptible to frost and during a very frosty and snowless winter, the plantation may completely or partially die. Therefore, it is safer to grow varieties zoned for a given region.

Currently, there are a large number of strawberry varieties in the world (over 2000). But not all of them are suitable for growing in a particular area. The most valuable varieties, distinguished by a complex of economically useful characteristics (yield, fruit quality, adaptability to local conditions, etc.), are included in the zoned assortment.

Zoned assortment of strawberries for the Non-Chernozem strip:

Granddaughter... One of the early ripening varieties.

Zenga-Zengana... Plants are well developed, quite resistant to pests and diseases.

Idun... One of the most winter-hardy foreign varieties.

Komsomolskaya Pravda... The variety in the conditions of Moscow and adjacent regions in terms of frost resistance and yield takes first place among all varieties of strawberries.

Beauty of Zagorya... An early variety, fruitful.

Early Maherauch... The variety is quite winter-hardy, appreciated for the early ripening of berries.

Late from Zagorje... Late ripening variety. A powerful bush with large dark green, shiny leaves.

Regions:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Early ripe

Percentage of variety in culture

Vita

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Beauty of Zagorya

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

22

30

10

20

–

–

40

30

20

30

30

25

25

25

30

30

10

15

Mysovka

40

–

18

36

22

10

–

–

10

15

–

15

20

10

10

10

–

10

–

5

15

10

10

10

10

Negro

–

–

–

36

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Abundant

–

–

–

–

11

–

20

–

–

–

–

40

–

–

–

–

–

–

25

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pioneer

–

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Priokskaya

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

30

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Roshchinskaya

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

15

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

19

–

–

–

–

–

–

Mid-season

Scarlet Dawn

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Pennant

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vologda

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Gorky

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

18

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Komsomolskaya Pravda

40

–

14

–

24

40

20

30

40

45

50

40

40

40

40

60

60

50

37

50

60

45

45

60

65

Large-fruited

–

–

9

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Marshal

–

–

19

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

People's

–

–

–

28

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

New

–

–

–

–

5

15

5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Rocket

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Russian beauty

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15

–

–

–

Northern harvest.

20

–

20

–

–

10

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Seedling Trouser

–

40

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Festivalnaya

–

–

–

–

38

25

35

–

–

–

–

–

20

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

–

–

–

–

–

Late

Late Zagorya

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20

15

20

–

–

10

–

–

–

10

–

10

–

–

15

20

10

Textile worker

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

10

10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Regions:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Designations of regions, regions: Northwestern: 1 - Arkhangelsk region, 2 - Vologda, 3 - Karelian, 4 - Komi, 5 - Leningradskaya, 6 - Novgorod, 7 - Pskov; Volgo-Vyatka: 8 - Nizhny Novgorod, 9 - Vyatka, 10 - Mari, 11 - Mordovian, 12 - Chuvash; Baltic-Kaliningrad - 13; Central: 14 - Bryanskaya, 15 - Vladimirskaya, 16 - Ivanovskaya, 17 - Tverskaya, 18 - Kaluzhskaya, 19 - Kostromskaya, 20 - Moscowskaya, 21 - Orlovskaya, 22 - Ryazanskaya, 23 - Smolenskaya, 24 - Tula, 25 - Yaroslavskaya.

Mascot... Bred in England, late ripening

Festivalnaya... One of the industrial varieties of strawberries, widespread in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia.

Variety	Harvest	Weight
Early ripe
Beauty of Zagorya	0,8–1,0	10–12 (20–25)
Zarya	0,9–1,2	8–10 (20–25)
Kokinskaya early	0,6–0,8	7–9 (15–20)
Desnyanka Kokinskaya	0,8–1,2	8–10 (20–30)
Early Maherauch	0,9–1,2	6–8 (15–20)
Mid-season
Festivalnaya	0,8–1,6	12–15 (20–25)
Purple	1,2–1,7	10–12 (20–25)
Generous	1,0–1,2	8–10 (20–25)
Late
Mascot	1,0–1,5	10–12 (25–30)
Zenga Zengana	1,0–1,8	10–12 (20–25)
Redgontlite	1,0–2,0	15-18 (25–30)
The yield is given in kg per 1 sq.m. Berry weight in brackets - from the first harvest

Early-growing varieties are popular in the North of Europe. Relay, Elvira, Crown, Bogota and etc.

It is interesting to trace how the varieties zoned for the Non-Chernozem belt of Russia have changed over the past 40 years (see tables 4.1, 4.2).

On the territory of Western Siberia (Altai Territory, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions and the Altai Republic) in a sharply continental climate with short summers and long frosty winters, the following varieties are zoned:

early - Zarya, Junia Smides;

medium - First grader, Sunny meadow, Festival, Beauty of Zagorya, Fairy, Desnyanka Kokinskaya, Festival chamomile, Orlets;

fast late - Anastasia;

late - Talisman, Cinderella;

remontant early varieties - Moscow delicacy, Ruyana.

In addition to the varieties included in the State Register, many gardeners also grow varieties offered by experimental stations, institutes and variety testing plots in the regions.

From the newest varieties of Dutch selection tested in central Russia, an early ripe variety stood out Vima Zanta.

The varieties have proven themselves well: Eldorado, Vityaz, Redgontlit, Black Sven... Also good are varieties such as Claymex, Bogota, Venta, Desnyanka, Ruby, Nightingale, Rusich.

Among the varieties of late and very late ripening for the conditions of the South Urals, new Dutch varieties can be recommended Vima Xima and Vima Tarda.

Among the varieties of foreign selection in the south of Western Siberia and the Southern Urals, well-known Dutch varieties have proven themselves well Elvira and Tenira... Also, a small amount of mustache gives the Dutch variety. Kent... Of the newer strawberry varieties, one of the best Dutch varieties deserves the attention of Ural gardeners Vicoda... Variety Honeoyebred in the USA, ripens at the same time Kent - in early July, but its fruits are much larger, up to 35-40 g.

In the Novosibirsk region, the highest yield was shown by varieties Anastasia, Junia Smides, Mashenka, Festival chamomile, Daryonka, Alexandrina, First grader, Maryshka... Also recommended varieties: very early - Obskaya, early - Pennant, Ducat, Beauty, Lyre-shaped, Maria, Tanyusha; mid-late - Ballerina, Berdsky Ruby, Red Gauntlet; late - Ruby pendant, Fireworks... Lovers grow varieties Giant, Rex, Lord, Bogota, remontant varieties Riksa, Sakhalin, Mount Everest.

In the Omsk region, the following varieties proved to be optimal: early - Omsk early, Zarya; medium - Fairy, Festival, Maryshka, Mashenka; late - Zenga Zengana, Talisman, Cinderella.

In the Tyumen region, varieties have proven themselves Source, Red Gauntlet; in recent years, varieties have shown good yields Daryonka, Orlets, Torpedo... The variety showed a high yield. Alexandrina (also in other regions), Anastasia, First Grader, Festival Chamomile.

In the Altai Territory varieties distinguished themselves Idun, Fairy, Festival, Mascot... Over the past 15 years, varieties have proven themselves Generous, Amulet, Dobrynya, Source, Festival chamomile.

Semi-renovated strawberry

Large-fruited, double-fruiting (semi-renovated) varieties also belong to the species - pineapple strawberries. They are characterized by earlier, immediately after the first fruiting, the formation of flower buds and their rapid differentiation (formation of the flower function). The second berry harvest, from late August to mid-September, accounts for 60–80% of the total harvest. They also reproduce mainly by rosettes.

Repair strawberry

Small-fruited, multiply fruiting (remontant) varieties originated from wild strawberries. Remontantnos provides a high yield and the ability to consume fresh berries during the summer and autumn, as well as increased winter hardiness of plants. Another advantage is irreplaceable for balcony boxes and ornamental plantations in vertical culture (pyramids, high mesh trellises). Berries (smaller than that of garden strawberries) are formed throughout almost the entire growing season not only on adult plants, but in some varieties even on rosettes rooted in a given year. Repairing varieties of garden strawberries are long-day. They form generative organs only at a long (14–17 hours) daylight hours and high (not lower than 15–17 °) temperatures.Under these conditions, inflorescences develop in 2-3 weeks, and plants can continuously bloom and bear fruit - in the south up to 4-5 months, in the middle lane up to 3 months.

The first harvest (June – July) on inflorescences formed in autumn is usually small (10–30%), and the main one falls in August – September. If desired, in some varieties, you can increase the share of the main crop by removing the spring inflorescences.

There are small-fruited and larger-fruited varieties of remontant strawberries. Repaired varieties come with a mustache and without a mustache.

Curly remontant varieties form a crop on long, creeping stolons (mustaches), reproduce by rosettes, and are grown mainly as a vertical crop (for example, on trellises). Large-fruited varieties usually produce little whiskers and mainly in the first year after planting.

Beardless varieties do not form a mustache. Propagated by seeds or by dividing the parent plant.

Remaining strawberry varieties

No reliable Russian remontant strawberry varieties have been developed yet. But abroad, in the USA, France, Germany, Holland, remontant varieties occupy more than half of the area allotted for this crop, and the number of its varieties has exceeded a hundred.

The most famous remontant strawberry variety in Russia today Queen Elizabeth... Over the past 2-3 years, very good reviews from experienced gardeners have been received for the newest Dutch remontant strawberry variety. Vima Rina.

Besides: Alexandria, Rugen - bear fruit from early summer to late autumn, per season up to 1000 berries per bush, berries are much larger than wild strawberries, unique taste and smell.

F1 hybrids: World debut (large berries and pink flowers on dyne peduncles are decorative all season, few mustaches), World delicacy (pink and white flowers, large berries), Moscow delicacy (ripen earlier than others, large up to 35 g, dense tasty berries, up to 1.5 kg per bush).

Varieties: Alexandria (beardless), Baron Solemacher (mustacheless, winter-hardy), Yellow miracle (light yellow sweet berries, do not cause allergies), Pleasant surprise, Russian size (tasty large berries up to 50 g, ripen 2 weeks earlier than others).

Strawberries of a neutral day... Recently, promising neutral day strawberry varieties have been developed. It differs little from the usual remontant, the only difference is that after planting, the plants begin to lay the crop (generate flowers) regardless of the length of the day and, therefore, of the season. This property allows you to get up to three harvest waves per season, and, most importantly, in greenhouses - ten months or a year-round harvest. Here are some varieties of neutral day strawberries:

Referent, Olstar, Tribut (Tribute), Tristan, Fern... The best varieties: Seascape, Brighton, Referent, Selva - berries are not inferior in size to ordinary varieties of large-fruited strawberries, the taste depends on the time of ripening and collection of berries (worse in autumn - with a decrease in solar activity).

Strawberry

Botanically, strawberries and garden strawberries (often incorrectly called strawberries) are distinct species. Compared to garden strawberries, strawberries have a higher taste and aroma, they are more winter-hardy (especially at the beginning of winter), drought-resistant, and less affected by fungal diseases. But it is inferior to strawberries in yield (approximately 4–5 times) and the size of berries, which is why it is distributed in a limited way, mainly in home gardening. Berries ripen later.

The strawberry plant is tall, with a compact, densely leafy bush, more winter hardy. The leaves are strongly wrinkled, light green, the leaves and petioles are pubescent with hairs. Peduncles are thick, pubescent with hairs, erect. Unlike strawberries, in strawberries, flower stalks rise above the leaves, and flowers are dioecious (some plants with female flowers, others with male flowers), larger than those of garden strawberries.Male flowers are larger than female ones. In plantings, part of the area should be occupied by male plants (not yielding crops). The berries are small (3-5 g), elongated, with a pronounced neck, with a bluish bloom, from red to red-violet. The pulp is white or yellowish, loose, sweet, with a nutmeg flavor.

Strawberries reproduce in the same way as strawberries - a mustache.

Dredge

This is a new variety of strawberries, bred in the 70s of the twentieth century (breeder T. Kantor) from crossing varieties of garden strawberries (Komsomolka, Mice Schindler, Harvest) with strawberry varieties Milan... The hybrids she obtained were treated with chemical supermutagens, and the offspring from the hybrids were exposed to colchicine. As a result, fertile hybrids were obtained and varieties of dredgers were selected: Diana, Strawberry, Muscat biryulevskaya, Nadezhda Zagorya, Penelope, Raisa Report, Candied nutmeg.

In the new generation of dwarf hybrids, its shortcomings (small fruiting) were overcome, and now the varieties Merchant's wife, Tiny, Anastasia They are distinguished by a large berry (up to 20 g), a pleasant specific aroma and a special sweetness (almost without acidity), with a nutmeg flavor. Not to mention the highest winter hardiness and resistance to a number of diseases.

Like strawberries, the strawberry has high winter hardiness, a powerful, tall bush, erect (non-sticking), towering peduncles (12-15 per 1 bush) with numerous flowers (up to 250). Peduncles are usually higher and sometimes at the level of the leaves. Varieties differ slightly less tall Strawberry, Muscat biryulevskaya, Candied nutmeg... All varieties except Strawberry, have bisexual flowers. Therefore, when there is another variety of dredgers or strawberries nearby, there will be no problems with pollination. For the variety Strawberry you need a pollinator variety.

Berries are especially valuable for their pleasant dessert taste with a specific nutmeg aroma. they are of medium size (6-10 g), in the largest-fruited varieties (Nadezhda Zagorya, Raisa) individual berries reach 20-30 g. Their color is from pink-red, more delicate (Penelope, Raisa) to dense, dark red with a purple tint (Muscat biryulevskaya, Nadezhda Zagorya, Candied nutmeg). Berries in the latter are almost twice as dense as berries in varieties Zenga Zengana, Zenith, Ruby pendant... Almost all are oval or elongated-conical in shape, but less narrow than strawberries, with a pronounced neck. When processed, they do not boil down, do not lose color and shape. The syrup turns out to be dark-colored, fragrant.

Varieties Strawberry, Muscat Biryulevskaya, Nadezhda Zagoria, Penelope sometimes bear fruit a second time in the fall.

The dredge is resistant to powdery mildew, leaf spots, almost not affected by gray rot (and other types of rot), even in varieties with delicate pulp (Penelope, Raisa). It tolerates frost more easily without snow (especially varieties Penelope, Report), more drought and heat resistant. However, the dredger is very susceptible to stem nematode and cannot tolerate areas of stagnant water.

Dredge bushes do not tolerate shading and thickening well. Place plants in a row at a distance of at least 20 cm, and varieties with a powerful bush - 25-30 cm.

The dredge is grown for three years, not counting the year of planting. In the third year, they leave a mustache, they will no longer affect the yield, and there is more than enough for a replacement. Each year, one bed is planted and removed.

Breeding of new varieties of dredgers is carried out at the Kokinsky support point of VSTISI in the Bryansk region. Some plants yield 400 g per bush, and the average weight of berries is up to 14 g.

Wild strawberry

Among the gifts of the forest, wild strawberry or common strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is one of the most favorite delicacies (see photo). This is a common forest-edged plant found on dried, slightly acidic, rich humus soils: in clearings, clearings, thinned forests (deciduous and coniferous), along the slopes of embankments and on the sides of forest roads.It is often found, but only occasionally in the form of continuous thickets.

Perennial plant of the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae) up to 20 cm tall, forming long creeping shoots (whiskers). These shoots provide vegetative propagation of the plant. They stretch along the soil surface and take root at the nodes. The stem is erect, leafy, covered with hairs. Leaves on long petioles, trifoliate, large-serrate, green above, grayish-green below, pubescent.

White flowers on erect peduncles with 5 petals and 5 sepals, usually appear in May – June. However, in favorable years, flowering plants can be found until September. The fruits ripen in a month.

Beneficial features... Fresh strawberries are held in high esteem in folk medicine. It must be said that folk medicine does not attach healing value to the numerous garden forms of strawberries. Naturally, wild berries are more aromatic, richer in vitamins and minerals, however, garden strawberries, especially some of its forms, are not devoid of value. However, traditional medicine rejects it. She recommends fresh wild strawberries for diseases of the heart, liver and gallbladder, for nervous exhaustion, anemia and weakness, for gout and rheumatism, for acne and chronic constipation. They also have an anthelmintic effect. Strawberry leaf tea is known to cleanse the blood, promote hematopoiesis and soothe the nerves. In addition, it has fame (largely thanks to information from old herbalists) as a remedy for hemorrhoids, ailments of the spleen and liver, female diseases and dropsy. With its help, they try to achieve success even with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Rhizome tea is recommended for diarrhea and jaundice. However, one should not attach too much importance to the advice of traditional medicine.

Side effects. Some people have an allergic reaction to garden strawberries and develop a severe itchy rash after eating the fruit. These people should also avoid wild strawberries, but tea from the leaves is not contraindicated for them.

Application... Rhizomes and leaves are valuable for their tannins. Their broth (tea) rinse the throat and mouth for inflammation of the mucous membranes, and are also used for disorders of the stomach and intestines, especially with diarrhea. The broth is also successfully used for jaundice. Strawberry tea is recommended as a health drink for weakened people.

Strawberry tea: 2 teaspoons with the top of strawberry leaves pour 1/4 liter of boiling water, let it brew for 15 minutes, then strain. Drink a cup of tea three times a day or rinse or rinse the throat with lukewarm tea as needed. Tea from rhizomes is brewed twice as weak (1 teaspoon per 1/4 l of water).

The use of fresh strawberries to improve the functioning of the liver and gallbladder has been known since ancient times. Modern science has confirmed this. The days of taking wild strawberries are health days for an overloaded liver: eat 125 g of berries three times a day for at least one week during the fruiting of strawberries!

Collection and procurement... Anyone who wants to harvest leaves should do so in early summer, preferably during flowering. But for those who are less interested in their healing effect, but would like to use strawberry leaves as homemade tea, you need to collect them very young, when they still have little tannins.

Breeding work

Directions of breeding, donor varieties for crossing

Many research institutes and experimental stations in Russia have launched extensive selection work with strawberries and in a relatively short period of time have developed more than 200 valuable new varieties of it.

However, despite the presence of a fairly large number of them, many problems have not yet been resolved and require further expansion and deepening of breeding work.Until now, there are no sufficiently winter-hardy early-ripening varieties that would combine high yields and good dessert qualities of fruits. There are no good late dessert varieties at all. The existing late varieties do not have a stable yield and do not differ in good palatability of the fruit.

Directions (tasks) of selection

In central Russia (most of the regions that make up the Chernozem and Non-Chernozem zones), breeders are faced with the main task of replenishing the assortment with varieties that combine good winter hardiness and relative drought resistance with high commercial qualities (large-fruited fruit varieties for dessert and technical purposes) and resistance against diseases and pests.

As shown by many years of experience in breeding work, the most promising in the selection of strawberries are inter-varietal crosses within large-fruited garden strawberries, especially crosses of varieties geographically distant in origin. Many valuable varieties have been created by this method.

Of particular importance is the breeding for the central industrial regions of early dessert varieties, which are one and a half to two times higher than the yield of the early varieties zoned here. For these areas, it is also necessary to create late-ripening, high-yielding, large-fruited varieties.

The choice of a particular pair of varieties must be done, taking into account the main task that the breeder sets when carrying out the crossing. The selected varieties must complement each other according to the properties required by the breeder.

However, the correct selection of pairs for crossing does not yet solve success in breeding work, since the formation of the qualities of a new variety is greatly influenced by the conditions of the external environment in which the young hybrid seedlings were brought up.

Donor varieties for crossing

Ripening friendliness. Of the varieties of domestic selection, especially amicable ripening have Kokinskaya early, Alaya, Lviv early... Positive results in the selection of strawberries for ripeness were obtained when using the following varieties as initial forms: Festivalnaya, Belrubi, Gorella, Redcoat, Pocahontas, Sunrise, Midland, Montrose, Florida 90, Shuekrop, Erlibell, Catskil, Midland, Robinson, Chuksan, Holiday, Cardinal, Gardsman, Olympus, Titan, Talisman, Fresherauhno, Marieva.

Ripening terms. To obtain seedlings with earlier ripening periods, it is important not only to choose the right parental forms for crossing, but also to grow hybrid seedlings in drier areas, on soils that are not too rich in organic matter. When hybrid seedlings are raised on moist and nitrate-rich soils, seedlings are obtained with a late ripening period, but larger-fruited.

Large-fruited. Large-scale donors are Gorella, Belrubi, Ketskill, Redgauntlet, Hummi Grande.

Taste. Donors of high palatability - varieties Zenga Prikoza, Dresden, Sofia.

Separability from the calyx, detachment of the peduncle. The berry of the variety is easily separated from the cup Fresno, easy detachment of the peduncle from Badgerglo.

Density of the pulp. The most valuable source material for breeding strawberries from foreign varieties are: Zenga Zengana, Erlibell, Appolo, Redglow, Atlas, Roxana, Cardinal, Ducat, Teinira, Redgauntlet, Salgirskaya late.

The number of peduncles. Donors of a large number of peduncles Zenga Zengana, Ruby Pendant.

The uniformity of the shape of the berry. Varieties Talisman, Midland, Catskill, Redgauntlet, Salgirka - steadily transfer to their offspring the uniformity of the shape of the berry.

Disease and pest resistance. Today, strawberry yields often dramatically reduce pests and diseases. However, the different degree of damage to the existing varieties indicates the possibility and necessity of breeding in the direction of breeding the most resistant varieties.

5. Organization of strawberry production>