Gaillardia best varieties

Gaillardia (Gaillardia), which is also called Gaillardia or Gaillardia, is directly related to the genus of the Astera family. This genus unites about 25 species. In the wild, such plants can be found in the territory of North and South America. This flower is represented by drought tolerant annuals or perennials. The name of this plant was given in honor of the Frenchman Gaillard de Charentono. He was a philanthropist and patron of botany, and a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. He lived in the 18th century.

Plant features

The height of such a plant can reach 0.9 m. It has straight, densely branching shoots, on the surface of which there is pubescence. Alternately located simple leaf plates can be lanceolate or oval, they have a serrated edge. On long peduncles there are single inflorescences-baskets. They include red-purple marginal three-toothed flowers, as well as median tubular, which most often have a dark red color. There are terry, semi-double and simple baskets. In semi-double inflorescences, reed flowers are placed in 2 or 3 rows. Terry inflorescences include overgrown funnel-shaped median flowers. Blooms profusely. The fruit is an achene with a tuft. As an annual, Gaillardia is cultivated beautiful, and as a perennial, Gaillardia hybrid and spinous Gaillardia are cultivated. Gaillardia is often confused with helenium, but these are 2 different flowers.

Growing Gaillardia from seeds

How to sow

Gaillardia, which is an annual, is grown through seedlings using seeds. They are sown in February or March. Large seeds of the plant should be spread over the surface of damp soil and sprinkled with a thin layer of vermiculite (you do not need to sprinkle it). Containers with seeds must be removed in a well-lit and warm (20 to 23 degrees) place, while protection from direct sunlight is necessary. Moisten the substrate only when necessary. The first seedlings can be seen in 7-15 days.

Seedling

After the first seedlings appear, the container must be rearranged to a cool (from 18 to 20 degrees) place. The best place to grow seedlings is in a cold greenhouse. And that's all, because such a plant requires not only coolness, but also high humidity. After the appearance of the first pair of true leaf plates, the seedlings should be planted more freely. Watering should be done as soon as the top layer of the soil mixture dries up. The optimal daylight hours for seedlings are from 14 to 16 hours. In this regard, the plants will need additional lighting with fluorescent lamps. Otherwise, lack of light and high humidity can provoke the development of gray rot.

How to plant in open ground

What time to plant?

Seedlings of Gaillardia annuals should be planted in open soil from the second half of August or in September. The landing site should be well-lit.At the same time, the soil should be light, well-drained and rich in nutrients. It should be remembered that such a flower reacts negatively to stagnant liquid in the soil, to acidic soil and fertilizing. Before planting, it is necessary to add a bucket of humus (compost), a handful of mineral fertilizer and 1 tbsp. wood ash. This should be done under digging.

How to plant

Disembarkation should be done in the middle of the day in the sun. The distance between the holes should be from 20 to 25 centimeters. Then the seedlings must be watered. Before winter comes, the flowers will get sick and take root well. You can see the first flowering next year. It is necessary to transplant Gaillardia once every 4–5 years.

If you do not want to mess with growing seedlings, then sow the seeds directly into open soil. Gaillardia, which is a perennial, is grown in this way. Sowing of seeds is carried out in July-September, while they do not need to be embedded in the soil. During the year, only 10 to 15 leaf plates will appear on the plant. Flowering can be seen only next year in the spring.

Care features

Planting and growing such flowers is not difficult. For such a plant, only good illumination is of the greatest importance, while everything else is too important for it. Watering the plant is necessary only during a prolonged dry hot period. In this case, it is necessary to water in moderation. But you need to remove weeds and loosen the soil regularly. The flowering of Gaillardia lasts more than 8 weeks, but in order for it to be even longer, it is recommended to promptly cut off the inflorescences that have begun to fade. Tall varieties must be tied up. Also, this flower must be fed 3 times per season; for this, a full complex fertilizer is used. Top dressing is carried out during the appearance of buds, during the flowering period, as well as in the autumn, about 4 weeks before the cold sets in. Remember that it is forbidden to use manure for feeding.

Transfer

Do not forget that Gaillardia needs to be transplanted on time, or rather, once every 5 years. During transplantation, flower reproduction is also often performed by dividing the rhizome.

Reproduction of Gaillardia

Gaillardia can be propagated not only by seeds, but also by dividing the rhizome. After the perennial bush turns 4 or 5 years old, its root system must be dug up and divided into several parts. It should be borne in mind that each of the divisions must have a certain number of stems and roots. Delenki should be planted in new permanent places. The transplant procedure is recommended in spring.

Root cuttings are also suitable for propagation. It is necessary to dig up the curtain around the perimeter, after which it is necessary to find and cut off the largest roots. They are cut into five to seven centimeter lengths, which are rooted in a greenhouse.

Pests and diseases

Aphids and whiteflies often settle on the plant. To destroy them, you need to process the bush with Aktellik or Decis, however, before the procedure, you need to study the instructions attached to the tool. If you violate the rules of care, then the flowers can get sick with gray rot, spotting, powdery mildew, white rust. In order to get rid of such fungal diseases, the following fungicidal agents should be used: Hom, Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur, Oxyhom or Topaz. A bush infected with white rust is recommended to be treated with Skor.

After flowering

Seed collection

In order to get seeds from your own Gaillardia, you should leave a few wilted inflorescences before the onset of the autumn period. In order for the seeds not to spill out, the inflorescences should be wrapped with gauze, which is fixed on the stem. However, it should be taken into account that plants grown from seeds cannot retain the varietal characteristics of the parent plant.In this regard, before you start collecting seeds, you need to think about whether you need them.

You don't need to collect seeds. The inflorescences are left, but they are not tied with gauze. Seeds that have fallen to the surface of the soil will sprout with the onset of spring. Seedlings will only need to be thinned out and, if necessary, transplanted.

Wintering of perennial Gaillardia

Before the first wintering, it is necessary to cut off all leaf plates completely flush with the ground surface in young plants. After this, the plants should be covered with dry foliage or covered with spruce branches. For the next wintering, the plants do not need to be covered. It is necessary to shelter Gaillardia annually only if it is cultivated in an area with little snow and frosty winter periods.

Main types and varieties with photos and names

Among gardeners, Gaillardia varieties, which are both perennial and annual, are very popular.

Gaillardia beautiful (Gaillardia pulchella)

Gaillardia beautiful is most popular among flower growers among annual varieties. The bush of this flower grows sprawling. On the tops of thin and rather high peduncles there are inflorescence baskets, which in diameter can reach from 6 to 7 centimeters. The color of the reed petals is very effective. So, it changes from red-purple or pink-purple at the base to yellow at the tips of the petals. Tubular flowers have a very showy color, namely, brown-red. Such a plant has several fairly common varieties:

1. Painted (pict) - has very large inflorescences, which can be double or semi-double. Such inflorescences-baskets can be painted in different colors, namely: deep red or yellow-red (two-color).
2. Lorenz - Terry inflorescences-baskets have a very large spherical shape. Such inflorescences include yellow-red or yellow tubular funnel-shaped flowers with a serrated limb.

The most popular varieties:

1. Red Plume - inflorescences-baskets in this variety are terry. They include tubular funnel-shaped flowers, they have a terracotta color.
2. Yellow plum - Terry spherical baskets consist of yellow tubular flowers.

Also, varieties such as Lolipups and Jayeti are quite popular in culture. But the one-year-old Gaillardia dull-toothed (Gaillardia amblyodon) does not enjoy such a great love of gardeners.

Gaillardia spinous (Gaillardia aristata)

Gaillardia spinous is a perennial that is relatively popular with gardeners. The homeland of such a plant is North America. Straight shoots are bent at the bottom, and on the surface they have dense pubescence. The height of such a bush can vary from 30 to 75 centimeters. The shape of the leaf plates can be oval, oblong or lanceolate. They are whole-edged or toothed, and there is pubescence on their surface. Stem leaves are sessile, and basal leaves are petiolar. Single baskets reach 12 centimeters in diameter. They include variegated and very bright reed flowers, which are most often painted in yellow, orange or copper-red in various shades. The tubular flowers are purplish yellow. Flowering begins in June. It has been cultivated since 1812. Garden forms of this type are united by one name - large-flowered Gaillardia (Gaillardia grandiflora). The most popular varieties are:

1. Mandarin - there are reed yellow-red flowers.
2. Wirral Flame - there are ligulate red flowers with yellow edging.
3. Dazzer - the tips of the reed flowers are yellow, and at the base they are dark red.

Gaillardia hybrid (Gaillardia hybrida)

This species was born due to the crossing of beautiful Gaillardia with other types of Gaillardia. Shoots reach a height of about 0.8 m. Flowering begins in June-August.Baskets-inflorescences can be semi-double, simple and double, and in their color there are predominantly yellow, red and brown color shades. The most popular varieties:

1. Primavera - undersized, compact bush in height can reach about 25 centimeters. In total, up to 8 peduncles can form from one outlet, on the tops of which there are large (about 12 centimeters in diameter) inflorescences.
2. Arizona sun - a dwarf bush in height can reach only 20 centimeters. It blooms very luxuriantly and for a long time from the beginning of the summer period to the very frost.
3. Sonne - the height of the bush reaches from 0.5 to 0.6 m. The color of the reed flowers is golden yellow, while the tubular ones are dark yellow.

Also, sometimes such a perennial species as Gaillardia lanceolata is cultivated.

An unusual fiery-sunny chamomile in a flower garden is Gaillardia. The article describes the perennial Gaillardia shrub, planting and caring for it in the open field, specifies the features of cultivation and reproduction, lists flower varieties, their features, and recommends a combination with other plants in landscape design. The article is illustrated with amazing photos.

Description of the plant: varieties and varieties

Gaillardia (Gaillardia, Latin Gaillardia) is an unusual sun in a flower garden. With bright yellow petals and a red heart, this flower is shaped like a chamomile. Perennial Gaillardia can grow in a permanent place for about 4-5 years, after which the flower must be transplanted. In the open field, it blooms almost all summer and autumn until frost.

Gaillardia perennial

A real decoration of the garden and a favorite in the photo will be two- and three-color Gaillardia with unusual double inflorescences.

In nature, there are about 25 varieties of Gaillardia, in landscape design for planting in open ground, spinous Gaillardia (Latin Gaillardia aristata, or Gaillardia grandiflora) and hybrid Gaillardia (Latin Gaillardia x hybrida) are most often used. Hybrid Gaillardia is obtained as a result of crossing the beautiful annual Gaillardia with spinous Gaillardia, as well as spinous and other species.

Gaillardia spinous

Gaillardia hybrids are quite similar to each other, which can cause certain difficulties for an amateur gardener. A hybrid perennial is a fairly tall plant (about 70-80 cm) with lanceolate, slightly pubescent leaves. Inflorescences can be bright yellow-orange, dark yellow, dark orange, bright red, brown-red shades, and flower baskets - double or semi-double. In favorable conditions, it blooms in the first decade of June, flowering can last up to one and a half months.

There are such hybrid Gaillardia varieties:

• "Kobold" is distinguished by straight branchy stems 40 cm high, the petals of the inflorescences are yellow with a bright red edging, the inflorescences are large;

Variety "Kobold"

• "Burgunder" strikes the eye with dark red large inflorescences;

Variety "Burgunder"

• "Zone" reaches a height of about 60 cm, a two-color plant - petals of golden yellowish and dark yellow shades, inflorescences about 10 cm in diameter.

Variety "Zone"

Attractive enough and new hybrid Gaillardia varieties:

• "Golden Gobin" is a low-growing perennial with monophonic inflorescences of a golden-yellow hue, blooms profusely enough for a long time;

Variety "Golden Gobin"

• "Tokajer" is a tall perennial with large baskets of bright orange shades, in a bouquet it retains a fresh look for a long time.

Gaillardia spinous or as it is also called large-flowered Gaillardia grows up to 75 cm, stems are straight, densely pubescent, need a garter, otherwise the bush spreads out to the sides and looks sloppy. Lanceolate leaves, inflorescence petals of bright yellow, orange, red shades, tubular in the middle of the basket - dark red at the base and yellowish at the tips.

Flowering hybrid varieties - comparison

Most Popular spinous Gaillardia varieties:

• "Dazzler" - bright red petals with orange edging;

Variety "Dazzler"

• "Wirral Flame" - the petals are dark red, and at the tips the color sharply turns into yellow;

Sort "Wirral Flame"

• "Croftway Yellow" is a monochromatic variety with yellow inflorescences;

Variety "Croftway Yellow"

• "Mandarin" - flower baskets in a tangerine shade.

Variety "Mandarin"

For wider use in landscape design, breeders have developed dwarf varieties of this perennial, for example, the Goblin variety, whose stems grow up to 20-25 cm, two-color flower baskets - a reddish-yellow shade with a bright yellow edging.

Planting a plant

Growing in the open ground a half-shrub Gaillardia is perennial, planting and caring for it does not require much effort, but you need to know and observe certain conditions. Since this perennial is photophilous, the plant should be planted in well-lit, unshaded areas. Any cultivated light soil is suitable for Gaillardia; you just need to avoid soils with high acidity and moisture.

Plant Gaillardia in well-lit areas

The bushes are planted at a distance of 30-35 cm from each other; for splendor, the composition should be planted in a hole for 2-4 plants. When planting, Gaillardia must be fertilized, put humus, wood ash, compost and complex mineral fertilizers into the hole (at the rate of 35-40 g per bucket of water). Planted bushes are recommended to be watered abundantly.

Advice: heavy, humus-rich, moist soils are not suitable for growing Gaillardia.

Gaillardia care

Caring for a perennial is to ensure timely watering, tying and shelter for a harsh winter.
Gaillardia is a drought-resistant plant that needs moderate watering, tolerates hot dry periods well.

Tall perennial varieties need a garter or other support, otherwise the bush may fall apart on the ground. Twigs or stems of other plants planted next to Gaillardia, for example, irises, in which flower stalks are stable even in windy weather, are used as props.

Tall varieties of Gaillardia should be tied up

Gaillardia is quite frost-resistant, tolerates wintering well, but on the eve of sufficiently low temperatures, experts recommend covering it with fallen leaves or spruce trees.

Fertilizing and feeding Gaillardia

It is necessary to feed the perennial three times a season: at the beginning of the budding phase, in the summer during the period of active flowering (July-August) and in late autumn after the complete cut of the peduncles (late September - early October) three to four weeks before the first frost. Mineral complex fertilizers intended for flowering plants, compost, humus should be applied under the bushes.

Mulching the soil around the Gaillardia

Attention: manure as a top dressing for Gaillardia is categorically not suitable.

Plant propagation

Gaillardia, like many other perennials, can reproduce in 2 ways:

• seeds;
• vegetatively - division of the mother bush.

The easiest way to reproduce perennial Gaillardia is division of the mother bush... This method is suitable for lush old bushes, since Gaillardia grows rather slowly. It is recommended to separate the bushes in the spring (in April) or in the fall after the complete pruning of the peduncles. The wells should be abundantly moistened before transplanting, humus should be added.

Perennial Gaillardia actively reproduces by self-seeding, but the color of new plants can differ significantly from the maternal one.

Gaillardia seeds

For controlled reproduction of Gaillardia seeds several peduncles should be left in the fall to ripen the seed material, then collect the seeds in a separate bag, dry them and sow in the spring in a specially designated place. You should not plant seeds in the soil deeper than 0.5-1 cm, they may not germinate.The sown area must be watered abundantly and covered with agrofibre or film to create a greenhouse effect. The first shoots appear on the 11-12th day. Seedlings dive in the phase of 2-3 true leaves. The grown seedlings are planted in open ground in a permanent place in the fall before winter or next spring. These plants will bloom only in the second year.

Diseases and pests

Since Gaillardia loves dry light soils, when waterlogged, it is susceptible to fungal diseases such as gray rot, powdery mildew, leaf spot. For the prevention of these diseases, it is recommended to adhere to the correct watering regimen. If the leaves lose color, the appearance of grayish spots, it is necessary to remove the infected foliage and treat the plants with a solution of potassium permanganate (no more than 2.5 g per bucket of water). If many plants are infected in the flower garden, it is necessary to treat them with industrial fungicidal preparations.

Powdery mildew on Gaillardia leaves

Gaillardia perennial in combination with other plants

Perennial goes well with:

• asparagus;
• nivyanik;
• chamomile.

Tall varieties of Gaillardia are recommended to be planted in combination with tall plants with strong, resistant stems, for example, irises.

Gaillardia in a rocky garden

Gaillardia perennial in landscape design

Perennial Gaillardia in landscape design is used in mixborders, for decorating flower beds, alpine slides, rabatok, undersized varieties - for wide borders.

Gaillardia requires very little attention, giving in return an exuberant flowering and brightness of colors.

Gaillardia on a personal plot: video

Varieties and types of Gaillardia: photo

A magnificent, bright Gaillardia flower will become a worthy decoration of any summer cottage or personal plot. This beautiful perennial plant blooms for a long period of time and is easy to care for. Even a novice gardener can decorate any corner of a flower garden with Gaillardia or make a sunny flower bed. It remains to choose only the type of flower that you like or suit the landscape design of the garden.

Description, types and varieties of Gaillardia with a photo

The plant is a sprawling bush that can grow up to 50-70 cm... Its branched, curved stems surround lanceolate basal leaves. Inflorescences grow at the tips of the shoots, from which, after flowering, funnels with seeds are formed.

Large and unusually beautiful flowers have rich, vibrant colors. In the middle, they can be of different shades, but the border is almost always yellow. Gaillardia begins to bloom in early June and pleases with its bright color until frost. You can grow a flower in the garden, on the balcony or at home.

Grow in nature more than 25 types of Gaillardia... In floriculture, only three species of this magnificent plant are widely used.

Perennial Gaillardia hybrid

The most popular plant, which is the result of crossing the spinous Gaillardia with various species of wild annuals of this flower. Hybrids are a bush up to 70-80 cm high, each shoot of which is surrounded by slightly pubescent lanceolate leaves.

Double or semi-double flower baskets are surrounded by bright red, red-brown, orange, dark orange or dark yellow petals. The first flowers begin to bloom in early June. Duration of flowering up to two months. Among gardeners, the most popular varieties of hybrids:

1. Variety "Zone" is a two-flowered plant up to 60 cm high. Inflorescences reach 10 cm in diameter. Petals are dark yellow or golden yellowish.
2. The Kobold variety is a bush with branched stems and large, yellow inflorescences with a bright red edging. It reaches a height of about 40 cm.
3. The "Arizona Sun" variety is a dwarf plant only 20 cm high. It blooms profusely from the beginning of summer until the very frost.
4. The Primavera variety is a compact plant up to 25 cm high.Eight peduncles with baskets, the diameter of which reaches 12 cm, can form from one rosette.
5. Variety "Burgunder" is distinguished by bright, large dark red inflorescences with small yellow blotches.
6. The "Tokajer" variety is a tall perennial, the shoots of which are decorated with bright orange baskets.
7. Variety "Golden Gobin" is a low-growing plant with monochromatic yellow inflorescences. Blooms profusely for a long time.

Gaillardia spinous

Perennial originally from North America has densely pubescent straight stems that bend at the bottom of the bush. Basal leaves can be lanceolate, oval or oblong. The diameter of single inflorescences reaches 12 cm. Orange, yellow or copper-red flowers bloom in early June. A spinous Gaillardia bush grows up to 30-75 cm.Among the most popular varieties are:

1. Variety "Dazzer" - a plant with dark red flowers. The tips of the petals are yellow.
2. The Wirral Flame variety is distinguished by reed flowers, the petals of which are red in the middle and yellow at the edges.
3. Variety "Mandarin" is a bush, on the shoots of which grow red-yellow ligulate flowers.

Gaillardia is beautiful

Many gardeners grow in their gardens annual spreading bushes of beautiful Gaillardia. At the top of her tall, thin peduncles baskets are formed, the diameter of which reaches 6-7 cm. The flowers consist of reed petals, the bases of which are purple-red or purple-pink, and the edges are yellow. Gaillardia beautiful has several varieties:

1. Painted Gaillardia is a plant with double or semi-double bicolor inflorescences.
2. Gaillardia Lorenz is distinguished by spherical double inflorescences, which consist of funnel-shaped yellow or red-yellow flowers.

Among the varieties of Gaillardia, you can beautiful mark the variety "Yellow Plume" with yellow double flowers and the Red Plume variety with funnel-shaped terracotta double flowers.

Gaillardia perennial: planting and care

An unpretentious shrub can grow on almost any type of garden soil. However, before planting Gaillardia, the soil must be prepared by enriching it during digging with humus, mineral fertilizers and wood ash. The plant does not like acidic and too wet soils, as well as feeding with fresh manure.

In open ground, planting of Gaillardia seedlings should be carried out in mid-August or early September. For this, sunny areas are selected and well-drained soil... The plant loves the sun, therefore it grows poorly and practically does not bloom in the shade.

The distance between plant pits should be at least 20-25 cm. In this case, the bushes will grow well, and the flower garden will look beautiful next year. You can grow Gaillardia in one place for four years.

Care features

Caring for perennial Gaillardia is not particularly difficult. If the plant is planted in a well-lit place, then everything else does not matter much.

Care consists only in watering the bushes in dry weather and three times a day feeding per season... It is recommended to fertilize Gaillardia with a complex fertilizer during the budding period, during flowering and a month before the onset of the first cold weather. Fresh manure cannot be used categorically.

In order for the plant to bloom even longer, wilted and faded flowers must be removed in a timely manner. Near tall varieties of Gaillardia, during planting, you can install supports to which the stems will be tied in the future. Otherwise, the bush will start to fall apart and will look ugly.

After about four years, Gaillardia will need to be transplanted, while propagating the plant by dividing the rhizome.

Reproduction of Gaillardia

The plant reproduces in two ways:

• seeds;
• dividing the bush.

Vegetative breeding method

Lush, old bushes reproduce by dividing the rhizomes.You can separate the bushes in the fall after pruning the peduncles, or in the spring before the start of active growth.

The plant is dug up and divided into parts with a sufficient number of roots and shoots. The parcels are planted in new holes prepared in advance. The planted plants are well watered.

Seed reproduction

Perennial Gaillardia in the open field reproduces by self-seeding... However, in this case, the color scheme of flowers on new bushes may differ significantly from the mother. To prevent this from happening, self-seeding must be controlled. For this, in the fall, the seeds are collected and dried.

In the spring, with the onset of warmth, a plot is allocated for planting seeds, which is dug up and spilled abundantly. Seeds are sown to a depth of no more than 0.5-1 cm, otherwise they may not germinate. To create a greenhouse effect, the sown bed is covered with foil or agrofibre.

The first seedlings should appear 11-12 days after sowing... When 2-3 true leaves appear on young plants, they will need to be cut down. Gailardia grown in the open field is planted in a permanent place in the fall or next year in the spring. The plant will bloom in the second year after planting.

Reproduction of annual Gaillardia by seeds

The annual plant propagates by seed in indoor conditions. Sowing is carried out in late winter or early spring. The seeds are laid out on the surface of a moist earthy mixture and sprinkled with vermiculite a little. Seedling boxes are covered with polyethylene or glass and placed in a bright place with a temperature of 20-23C. The soil is moistened as needed.

After about 10-14 days, the first shoots will appear. Polyethylene will need to be removed immediately, and the boxes with seedlings should be moved to a cooler place. with air temperature within 18-20C... A pick is carried out when two true sheets appear. Seedling care consists in moistening the soil and increasing daylight hours:

1. It is necessary to water the seedlings only after the topsoil dries out.
2. Daylight hours for young plants should last at least 14 hours, otherwise, due to high humidity and lack of light, they can get sick with gray rot. Therefore, it is recommended to illuminate the seedlings with fluorescent lamps.

Planting seedlings of annual Gaillardia in open ground is carried out from mid-August to September.

Perennial Gaillardia can be used to decorate flower beds, rabatki, alpine slides or in mikboxers. Low-growing varieties form wide borders. Paying very little attention to the plant, in return you will receive a lush, long flowering and bright, sunny flower gardens.

Gaillardia flower

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Gaillardia belongs to the Astrov family and looks like a golden-red daisy in appearance. The bright and unusual flower arrived in Europe from the central and southern parts of America, where it still grows wild today. It owes its name to botanist Gaillard de Charentono, a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, who lived in the 18th century. Now a beautiful and sunny plant adorns our parks, squares, personal plots. In our article, we will consider the intricacies of planting and caring for this solar plant.

Content:

Origin and history of the plant

Gaillardia belongs to a well-known family, which includes 1/10 of all ornamental flowering plants on our planet. These are the closest relatives of chrysanthemums, asters, sunflowers, gerberas and dahlias. Under natural conditions, it is widespread in the southern latitudes of North America. In the states of Oklahoma and Texas, it is found everywhere.

In open places, flower carpets of the "sun flower" are found along railways, in large meadows, pastures, and beaches.Blossoming Gaillardia on the prairie is like a fire, so in English the plant is called "firewheel" or "wheel of fire." She is the official flower symbol of the state of Oklahoma, which was noted in the 1985 Constitution of the state.

The legend about this flower is also known. In a certain kingdom lived a needlewoman-weaver who created such beautiful carpets that people from other countries came to admire the amazing beauty and buy a carpet to decorate their home.

A beautiful overseas flower associated with legends and legends

And on the next street there lived a girl who was not distinguished by any external remarkableness or special talents. But her envy of her lucky neighbor knew no bounds. She also tried to weave carpets, but terrible and gloomy patterns emerged from under her hands, which only frightened people.

And then she decided to kill her neighbor. Because of her witchcraft, the hands of the clever weaver were numb, she could no longer create such beauty. And soon she fell ill and died. People came to her grave to remember the talented person and were amazed: the whole grave was covered with a carpet of bright red flowers that blazed like fire.

People began to take shoots of an amazing flower with different bright colors and create flower carpets near their homes. So the memory of the good needlewoman, the weaver, who gave people joy, has been preserved.

American Indians wrote their legends about the flower. They claimed that Gaillard's petals used to glow with a bright yellow halo. They were used by women from the Atzec and Maya tribes to decorate their hairstyles during religious holidays or rituals. When the Spaniards came to the land of the Indians, who burned the huts of local residents and shed "rivers of blood", the flower was painted with shades of red and burgundy tones.

back to menu ↑ Biological characteristics of the plant

Gaillardia (lat.Gaillardia) has several names that have changed since the cultivation of its decorative forms... This representative of the Astrov family is also called Gaillardia or Gaillardia. The genus has about 25 species. Among them, garden forms are represented mainly by Gaillardia hybrids.

Flower culture appearance

These are drought-resistant annuals and perennials herbaceous plants that are cultivated as perennials. Gaillardia forms a powerful shrub up to 1 m with branching or straight herbaceous, pubescent stems and strong horizontal roots. More compact specimens are also known, growing up to 25-35 cm, which are more popular.

Large specimens require a garter to support and are combined in group plantings with plants that have strong stems so that they can support the "neighbor".

The structure of a flower forming an inflorescence basket

The most characteristic features of the decorative culture:

• forms bush forms
• leaves are simple, lanceolate or oval, with a jagged edge
• flowers are collected in an inflorescence basket, which is simple, double or semi-double
• flower baskets are arranged singly, painted yellow-red and odorless

Simple flower forms are formed by one row of marginal petals, and tubular ones are located in the center, semi-double ones are surrounded by several rows of petals, double ones are formed by overgrown funnel-shaped petals, from which the inflorescence is collected. Gaiaardia is distinguished by abundant flowering and forms a fruit - a hemicarp with a tuft.

As an annual, Gaillardia is known beautiful, and as a perennial, Gaillardia hybrid and spinous Gaillardia are cultivated. Since Gaillardia is similar to helenium, some growers attribute them to a common genus, but these are different plants.

Pollinating butterfly on a flower

Single beautiful inflorescences delight from June to frost. This long flowering allows the plant to be used in combined or single plantings on flower beds and borders.Flowers stand well in cut, so it is sometimes grown for bouquets. In one place he feels well for 4 years, after which he needs to be transplanted to a new place.

back to menu ↑ Landing

You can propagate a perennial "chamomile" by dividing an adult bush into several parts, which is done when transplanting to a new place. Another method that flower growers practice is seed propagation. In rare cases, cuttings are used.

back to menu ↑ Growing from seeds

Seeds ripened in September can be collected from specimens that are most interesting in color and shape.

But there is one "but" here. Hybrid seed collection forms cannot be used.... The bush will grow weak and the flowers will be faded, so the seeds should be purchased from the garden center.

If the dried flowers are not removed during the season, then the seeds ripened in them will self-sow and in the spring numerous shoots of young plants with weaker varietal qualities will appear on your site. It is desirable to remove them.

The seed sowing sequence is as follows:

1. Containers, boxes or other containers are filled with earth, which must be well moistened.
2. Sowing is carried out in February-March superficially: the ground is lightly sprinkled with vermiculite. They try to spread the seeds evenly over the surface.
3. The containers are placed in a bright room at t = + 20-23C, periodically moistening the soil. Cover with glass or foil to create a greenhouse effect.
4. Shoots appear after 2 weeks, which are covered from direct sunlight or transferred to a cooler place. A greenhouse with high humidity and moderate temperatures is suitable.
5. Seedlings dive in the 3-leaf phase into separate cups, provide moderate watering and light for 14 hours.

The duration of daylight is long, so it is advisable to install fluorescent lamps. In low light and high humidity, small seedlings can develop gray rot.

back to menu ↑ Planting seedlings in the ground

Usually, flower growers practice autumn sowing, when the seedlings grow large and strong enough. Planting time is from mid-August to mid-September. A place for a bright plant is selected sunny with nutritious and light soil and (if necessary) a drainage system.

Small plants, obtained from seeds and ready for planting in the ground

The soil is carefully dug up and applied to 1 square meter. a bucket of compost or humus, a glass of wood ash and complex mineral fertilizers in a minimum concentration. Gaillardia does not like excess moisture, acidic soils; fresh manure is not suitable for her as fertilizer.

Seedlings are planted in holes at a distance of 30-40 cm. For undersized and compact bushes, this distance is reduced to 20-25 cm. The planting site is compacted and watered abundantly, shading from the bright sun. In the garden, they are planted in separate groups of 3-5 pieces, which look like bright color spots.

back to menu ↑ Planting period and rooting process

Plants adapt well and take root until the winter, and the next year they begin to bloom. Sometimes flower growers practice spring sowing of seedlings. The seeds are planted at a distance of 1-2 cm so that they grow stronger and form a rosette of leaves. In autumn, young plants are transplanted to a permanent place, and the next year you can admire the bright colors.

Sometimes seeds are sown directly into the ground from July to September. They are scattered superficially, without embedding deep into the soil. In spring, a rosette of leaves begins to form, and flowering begins only after a year.

Young seedlings planted in the fall must be cut "at the root" before wintering, removing the entire leaf part. Then cover with dry foliage or spruce branches, since delicate shoots can freeze.

back to the menu ↑ Reproduction by dividing the bush and cuttings

After dividing, small bushes of a flower culture are gradually restored and grow.

The rhizome is divided when the plant is 4-5 years old. At the same time, it is carefully dug up and cut into several equal parts with a knife. Each of them must have roots and ground shoots.

It is undesirable to divide the mother plant into too small parts: they will take root for a long time and may not bloom next year. It is optimal to get 3 new plants from each bush... It is best to replant a flower culture in the spring.

Some growers practice propagation by root cuttings. For this:

• the curtain is undermined along the perimeter
• gently pull out large roots from the ground
• cut them off and divide them into 5 cm segments
• laid in a greenhouse in a semi-horizontal position
• monitor soil moisture and constantly spray the top part
• after the appearance of the roots, they are transferred to the school for adaptation

This technique is used if it is important to get a large number of specimens of a certain variety.

back to menu ↑ Basic rules of care

The unpretentiousness of the decorative culture allows even inexperienced flower growers to grow it

The main care consists in rare watering (the plant is drought-resistant), a garter and shelter for the winter in areas with cold and little snowy winters.

You need to carry out the following activities so that Gaillardia feels great on your site:

1. Water sparingly, as needed, when the clod dries up. The plant is drought-resistant, therefore, abundant watering is destructive for it.
2. The soil should be well cultivated, but the plant does not require rich soil. The main thing is that the acidity of the soil pH is low, and the soil is moderately loose.
3. For abundant and prolonged flowering, dried flowers are removed throughout the growing season.
4. Tall varieties need to be tied up. They need support, otherwise the bush will be spreading or the shoots are on the ground. The support can be created from any available material and decorated.
5. Loosening and weeding are required throughout the summer. To reduce the labor intensity of this process, the soil is mulched with peat, humus, sawdust, foliage.

For Gaillardia, top dressing is mandatory. Over the summer, the flower culture is fed three times:

• first time feed the plant during the budding period;
• second - during the summer active flowering period;
• the third - after flowering, during the period of trimming peduncles (horses in September).

Complex fertilizers are used for flowering plants, from organic matter - compost or humus. The plant reacts negatively to an excess of organic components.

This is what a well-groomed plant looks like.

In the fall, before the first frosts, remove all peduncles... Gaillardia tolerates winters well. But in cold climatic zones, it needs shelter with fallen leaves and spruce trees. If the winter is snowy, then it is enough to “cover” the plant with snow.

back to menu ↑ Diseases and pests

If the soil is "heavy" and the soil is waterlogged, then Gaillardia is easily affected by fungal infections:

• powdery mildew
• white rust
• gray mold

When the first signs of the disease are found, all damaged leaves should be removed. When the disease has "reached" the flower, treatment with fungicides is necessary - antifungal drugs: Bordeaux mixture, colloidal sulfur, Hom, Oxyhom or Topaz. In addition, the cause of the disease should be eliminated and the watering regime changed, otherwise the bush may die completely.

At the first symptoms of the disease: a change in the color of the leaves to a lighter color, the appearance of gray spots, you need to shed the plant with pink potassium permanganate and remove the infected leaves.

Of the pests, aphids and whiteflies visit the flower culture. Their small settlement will make it possible to get by with folk remedies. If the colonies of pests have become massive, then you cannot do without chemicals. Usually Aktelik or Decis is used, having previously studied the instructions for use and observing safety precautions.

back to menu ↑ Gaillardia in landscape design

Gaillardia in combination with leaf and flower ornamental crops

The long flowering period makes Gaillardia an indispensable flower for decorating flower beds, flower beds, park areas. The varieties with 2-3-colored baskets of inflorescences, which are planted separately or in small groups, look spectacular. They look like a bright spot against a green lawn or ornamental shrubs.

In single plantings, the soil under the plant is covered with large mulch (chips, sawdust, needles). It will improve the aesthetic appearance and neatness of the bush and will serve its direct purpose: it will cover the soil from weathering, weeds, and leaching. In winter, it will create frost protection for the roots.

Low-growing varieties in mixed flower plantings

Tall varieties are suitable for multi-tiered flower beds or multi-stage compositions.... Of these, designers create a variety of combinations in combination with asparagus, cornflower, goldenrod, chrysanthemums of contrasting (white or yellow) color. For expressiveness, sage, hyssop, lupine are added to them. The plant looks interesting with decorative cereals.

With the help of low-growing varieties, they make out alpine slides, ridges, wide curbs, mixborders... Borders created from the bushes of only this flower attract attention and seem to be a bright, fabulous path. Even single plantings on the lawn create bright spots of color against a green background.

Dwarf Gaillardia varieties look good in flowerpots

Feels great "overseas chamomile" in flowerpots and containers. It is enough to plant one plant in a flowerpot and a beautiful, bright "bouquet" will please the eye all summer long. The containers can accommodate 3-4 flowers. They are placed on a loggia, balcony, terrace or veranda. They will be everywhere "in place" and will give a bright accent to the room.

Some growers grow Gaillardia exclusively for cutting. In the cut, it retains a beautiful appearance for a long time. With its help, they create not only bright bouquets, but also a variety of floristic compositions. Pre-dried, it is used as a dried flower in winter bouquets.

In the science of color science, which studies the effect of color on humans, reds and yellows are believed to reflect energy, activity, and movement. That is why a bright flower will bring animation to any corner of the garden.

back to menu ↑ Self-collection of seeds

To collect their seed, they leave several faded peduncles until autumn and tie them with gauze so that the seeds do not fall to the ground. In September, dried achenes are collected in a separate bag or box, if necessary, they are thoroughly dried again and left until spring.

Bright color of flowers evokes positive emotions

In the spring, they are sown in prepared soil to a depth of 0.5-1 cm, watered well and covered with a film so that the soil warms up. At the same time, a greenhouse effect is created under the film.
On the 12th day, young shoots appear.

The pick is carried out in the phase of 3 true leaves. And they are transplanted to a permanent place only in the fall, when the seedlings become strong and well leafy. Gaillardia will bloom only in a year.

The varietal qualities of plants obtained from seeds are rarely preserved. Do not be surprised if, despite all your efforts, the wrong flower grows from the seed that you dreamed of. Also, the color scheme may be different.

Resting place decorated with Gaillard

"Chamomile flower" reproduces well by self-sowing. Therefore, you can simply leave the dried flowers on the plant, and in the spring, friendly seedlings will appear around, which only need to be thinned out. In areas with a warm climate, self-seeding is a common phenomenon: the plant behaves like a weed, invading new territories.

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back to menu ↑ The most common and popular varieties

The most popular among florists are perennial varieties, but there are also amateurs of annuals.

back to menu ↑ Beautiful (Gaillardia pulchella)

Gaillardia is beautiful

Wild-growing annual from Mexico (Arizona), where it forms huge floral carpets. Forms a spreading one and a half meter bush with an abundance of large inflorescences. The tops of thin and long peduncles end with inflorescence baskets up to 6-7 cm in diameter.

The reed petals are colored from red in the center to yellow at the edges. The central tubular petals are reddish brown. G. beautiful blooms all summer and in autumn an ​​abundance of achenes is formed, which are carried by the wind. Self-seeding occurs and numerous seedlings appear in the spring.

This species has inspired breeders to create hybrids with different flower shapes and colors. Among them, the most common and popular varieties are:

back to menu ↑ "Pict"

"Pict"

Which translates as "painted". It is characterized by large double or semi-double inflorescences; they have different colors, mostly saturated, garnet shades. There are two-colored, yellow-red specimens.

back to menu ↑ "Lorenza"

Variety "Lorenza"

It is distinguished by spherical, double, single-basket inflorescences, which are formed by tubular or funnel-shaped petals with one pointed edge. Yellows and crimson hues create an overall terracotta background. Spreading bush - up to 50-60 cm tall, covered with soft hairs.

back to menu ↑ "Red Plume"

"Red Plume"

Similar to the "Lorenz" variety with red-yellow or yellow balls-baskets.

back to menu ↑ "Yellow Plume"

"Yellow Plume"

Distinguished by large, yellow, spherical inflorescences... They have a slightly "disheveled" shape, but the petals do not crumble from wind or rain.

All varieties need abundant lighting, grow well in an open, sunny place, easily tolerate dry periods. They are good in mixed plantings in flower beds or in single plantings near the curb. Sometimes they are grown on loggias in containers or flowerpots.

back to menu ↑ Spinous (Gaillardia aristata) or large-flowered

Gaillardia aristata

Gaillardia spinous belongs to perennial crops. The bush, depending on the variety, has a size of 35 to 75 cm. The shoots are erect, bending or drooping in the lower part. The bush is spreading and lodges in the wind or rain, so it needs a garter.

The surface of the plant is abundantly pubescent. The leaf plate is oblong, oval or lanceolate with a solid or serrated edge. Leaves on the stem are sessile, at the root are petiolar.

Baskets are single and very large, reaching 12 cm in diameter... The variety of shades is surprising: among the city of ostia, forms with shades from yellow to bright red and transitional colors are common. In the center, the tubular flowers are usually yellow, but there are exceptions.

The species began to be cultivated in 1812. It was then that breeders began to develop new varieties, among which the most beloved:

back to menu ↑ "Mandarin"

It is characterized by foliage of delicate, salad shades, covered with densely pubescent hairs. Oblong leaves also have abundant pubescence. The inflorescences are lush, bright orange with a dark center: hence the name of the variety.

back to menu ↑ "Dazzer"

Variety "Dazzer"

Tall plant up to 70 cm... Single inflorescences swing on thin and strong stems. The light green color of the bush contrasts with the burgundy petals. Ligulate petals are slightly lighter with a bright yellow border along the edge. Looks great in both single and group planting.

back to menu ↑ "Wirral Flame"

Wirral flame

Interesting basket with reed red-yellow flowers and bright yellow edging.

back to menu ↑ "Tommy"

Differs in long and thin lodging stems up to 70 cm and elongated lanceolate leaves. The golden middle is surrounded by orange-pink petals. The flower diameter reaches 11 cm. Due to its long peduncles and large flowers, the variety is used mainly for cutting into bouquets.

back to menu ↑ Hybrid (Gaillardia hybrida)

Gaillardia hybrida

The species comes from the beautiful Gaillardia, crossed with other varieties. This is an abundantly flowering bush up to 80 cm high... Bred simple, double and semi-double flowers of a wide variety of warm colors. Long-lasting flowering: from June to the very frost. Feels good in one place up to 5 years... Growth is slow. Like her “numerous relatives”, she prefers sun, dry soil and warmth.

The most famous varieties are:

back to menu ↑ "Primavera"

Primavera

Which belongs to undersized varieties and grows only up to 25 cm. One rosette forms up to 8 peduncles, which end in large, up to 12 cm in diameter, inflorescences. Bushes are compact and suitable for curbs or paths.

back to menu ↑ "Arizona"

It is even smaller in size, reaching no more than 20 cm. The bush is covered with large flowers, the flowering time is quite long even compared to other varieties. Requires an abundance of sunlight, so they are planted in open places. Looks good in pots and flowerpots.

back to menu ↑ "Sonne"

Variety "Sonne"

Bred when crossing awn and beautiful varieties. The plant is tall, forms a spreading bush with large yellow flowers. The middle is yellow-orange, the marginal flowers form a pale yellow halo around them. It is characterized by a flowering period of up to 55 days.

Other representatives of hybrid Gaillardia include:

back to menu ↑ "Bremen"

Variety "Burgundy"

Forms sprawling shoots up to 70 cm tall, which easily lodge and require support... Interesting baskets (diameter - 12 cm) wine color with a bright red border at the marginal ligulate flowers. There are options with a yellow center and red petals with yellow edges.

But in general, the flower is not variegated, but is sustained in dark red tones. Flowering lasts 2 months and is not considered long lasting.... The Burgundy variety with bright wine-colored inflorescences is similar to Bremen.

back to menu ↑ "Zone"

Differs in large sizes and two-color basketswhich create a colorful ensemble. The middle of the flower is large and convex with tubular yellow-orange flowers and a pale yellow marginal border. Blooms in June-July... Loves light soils and windless sunny places.

back to menu ↑ "Cobalt"

Refers to varieties with a branched stem up to ½ meter... The baskets are formed by tubular petals of golden and crimson tones, bordered with yellow or orange-pink edges.

Cobalt grade

New varieties appear. Experienced florists are always attentive to new products, trying to get them first. For example, the “Golden Goblin” variety appeared, which differs in dwarf sizes and monophonic, golden inflorescences. It blooms for a long time and is ideal for rock gardens or decorating lawns, where it creates bright color spots.

Another novelty is the Tokajer variety - a tall perennial with powerful stems and large inflorescences, intended for cutting. It stands in a bouquet for a long time and pleases with bright floral colors.

back to menu ↑ Lanceolate or obtuse (Gaillardia lanceolata)

It belongs to perennial crops, but is more often grown as an annual. Differs in grayish-green, elongated leaves with dissected edges and reddish-brown inflorescences. The inflorescences are not very large. The bush is compact and reaches half a meter. The species is not popular and is rare.

Lanceolate or obtuse

When the sun begins to shine brightly and icicles and thawed patches appear, do not forget to buy Gaillardia seeds and sow them on seedlings. You should not neglect such an unpretentious and bright flower that came to us from the Mexican prairies to delight again and again with its bright colors.

Read also:

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