Content
With a cryptic word "Duke" called cherry-cherry hybrids. They have both advantages - larger and sweeter in comparison with cherry fruits, and disadvantages, the main of which is self-fertility.
Description of the plant
Duke occupy an intermediate position between the parental species, cherry and sweet cherry, but in general they are nevertheless closer to cherry. The leaves are similar in size to cherry leaves, but denser and with a characteristic cherry sheen. The fruits are usually much larger than those of cherries, are sweeter, and the sourness is light and pleasant. The aroma for which we love cherries is also retained by the dukes.
The most valuable property of hybrids is increased resistance to common cherry diseases - coccomycosis and moniliosis.
From the history of the duke
The name Duke comes from the first popular English cherry-cherry hybrid, May Duck, which dates back to the 17th century. The plant was selected from seedlings from the unplanned cross-pollination of cherries and cherries, which were often grown nearby. In the first half of the 19th century, two French varieties became widespread - Queen Hortense and Empress Eugenia. But in Europe the name "duke" did not take root, and now it is used only in Russia.
The first domestic duke was bred by I.V. Michurin in 1888 when crossing Belle cherry with white Winkler cherry and received the name Krasa Severa. This is one of the most winter-hardy ducks. The beauty of the north was grown even in some regions of Western Siberia, although flower buds were often frozen in these zones, so the yield remained low.
Until the end of the 80s of the last century, there were few varieties of dukes. European varieties turned out to be non-resistant even in the steppe zone of the European part of our country - their winter hardiness was higher than that of sweet cherries, but lower than that of cherries. Difficulties among breeders also arose because cherries and cherries have a different set of chromosomes (like cherries, hybrids contain 32 chromosomes, and not 16, like sweet cherries). Most of the dykes turned out to be sterile - the fruits either did not set at all, or there were very few of them, and only occasionally and accidentally did "fertile" trees turn out. Later, through the efforts of our scientists in different years, a group of varieties interesting for the northern regions was created in the scientific institutions of the Black Earth Region (at the Voronezh Agrarian University, at the Rossoshan Experimental Zonal Station).
Conditions for growing dukes
Dukes are looked after in the same way as cherries. It is better to plant trees in light, warm, wind-protected areas. The soil is preferable neutral, light, loamy. Although the plants are hardy enough, severe frosts or spring frosts can damage the flower buds, which affects the yield.
Dukes varieties are self-fertile, so be sure to plant pollinators on the site with cherries or cherries. Sweet cherry is considered the best pollinator for a duke, as it blooms earlier, but breeders make a reservation that for each specific variety of duke you need to individually select a pair, and the more varieties of cherries and cherries grow in the garden, the more harvest you will get from the dukes. For partially self-fertile varieties, it is also recommended to plant pollinators, in which case the yield increases.
Promising varieties and dyuk pollinators
Dukes varieties are divided by ripening time into: & # 132; early - end of June - beginning of July; medium - mid-July; late - mid - end of July.
Spartan
Received by A.I. Sychov. The most winter hardy. Ripening period is average. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is spreading. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Fruits are large, weighing 5.5–6.5 g, dark red. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste. The yield is above average.
Self-sterile, pollinators: cherries, sweet cherries, dukes.
Ivanovna
Received by A.I. Sychov. It is considered one of the best in terms of winter hardiness and characteristics of the fruit. Medium late ripening.
The tree is medium-sized, compact, with a moderately dense globular crown. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches. Fruits are large, weighing 6.6-6.8 g, dark red. Pulp of moderate density, dark red, sweet-sour, excellent taste. The yield is high and regular. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high.
Self-sterile, pollinators: cherries, sweet cherries, dukes.
Sturdy
Received by A.I. Sychov. Early ripening. The tree is vigorous, the crown is rounded. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches. Fruits are large, weighing 5.8–6.0 g, dark red. Stored on a tree for up to 2 weeks, transportable and lying. The pulp is dense, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste. The yield is above average. Winter hardiness of cambium and flower buds is high.
Self-sterile, pollinators: cherries, sweet cherries, dukes.
Miracle cherry (cherry Griot Ostheimsky x cherry Valery Chkalov)
Received at the Artyomovsk Research Center of ISUAAN (authors: L.I. Taranenko and A.I.Sychov). Ripens early.
The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown of medium density. The leaves are large, dark green. Shoots and buds are very similar to sweet cherries, therefore, leafless annual seedlings are difficult to distinguish from sweet cherry seedlings.
Fruiting mainly on bouquet branches, as well as on one summer growth. Fruits are large, weighing 8-9 g, dark red. The pulp is juicy, dark red, with an excellent dessert taste.
The early maturity is average (for the 4th-5th year).
The yield is high. Drought resistance and winter hardiness are good. Disease resistant.
Self-infertile, the best pollinators: cherry varieties Donetsk ember, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Priusadebnaya, Sestrenka, Annushka. Poorly pollinated by cherry varieties Valery Chkalov, Drogana yellow, Large-fruited, Farewell and Valeria.
Hope (cherry Griot Ostheim x varieties of cherries Northern and Likernaya)
Obtained at the Rossoshansk Zonal Experimental Station of Horticulture A.Ya. Voronchikhina. Ripening period is average. The tree is vigorous, up to 5-6 m in adult state, with a round or wide-pyramidal crown of medium density.
The fruits are large, weighing 5.8 g, dark red. The pulp is of medium density, dark red, sweet taste with pleasant acidity, no astringency, with a pleasant cherry aroma. Early maturity and productivity are high. Winter hardy. Resistance to coccomycosis is good, moniliosis is poorly affected.
Self-infertile, the best pollinators: cherry varieties Kent, Black large, Lada.
Night (cherry Nord Star x cherry Valery Chkalov)
Received at the Artyomovsk Research Center of ISUAAN (authors: L.I. Taranenko, A.I.Sychov). Ripening period is late.
A tree with a wide-pyramidal, medium-dense crown, bears fruit on bouquet branches and last year's growths. A characteristic feature of the variety is its dark green shiny leaves. Fruits are large, weighing 7.0 g, dark red. The pulp is dark red, quite dense, sweet-sour taste.
The early maturity is high (in the 3-4th year).
The yield is high. Drought-resistant, winter-hardy. Resistance to coccomycosis is high.
Self-fertility and pollinators are currently being studied, but L.I.Taranenko notes that the variety is poorly pollinated by cherry varieties.
Nurse
Received by A.I. Sychov. Ripening period is average. The tree is of medium growth, the crown is pyramidal, roundish with age. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Fruits are large, weighing 7–8 g, dark red. Pulp of moderate density, dark red, excellent taste. The yield is good. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high.
Partially self-fertile (when pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases).
Shpanka Donetsk
Obtained at the Donetsk Experimental Gardening Station. Ripening period is medium-late. The crown is pyramidal, rounded with age. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches. Fruits are medium, weighing 6–7 g, light red. The pulp is tender, yellow, sweet and sour taste. The yield is good. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high.
Partially self-fertile (when pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases).
ATTENTION! Beware of deception and do not buy ducks from unverified sellers, in spontaneous markets and questionable exhibitions. Do not take seedlings sold under the general name "cherry" or "cherry-cherry" without specifying the variety.
These are, as a rule, unsuccessful seedlings, rejected for poor fruiting and low winter hardiness.
ALICE (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
The tree is vigorous, at a young age the crown is pyramidal, reaching the age of 10 years and a height of 4 m, acquires a rounded shape. Skeletal branches branch off from the trunk at angles of 45-60 °, have a dark brown color with a gray tint. Shoots slightly arcuate-curved, gray-brown. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green, matte. Flowers 2-4 per inflorescence, 26-28 mm in size, saucer-shaped. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Fruits are large, weighing 6.5-7.0 g, rounded, slightly compressed in height, dark red, with a rounded top; the pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, of excellent taste, the juice is red.
A variety of medium late ripening. Winter hardiness of trees and cambium are high. Flower buds are prone to freezing in severe winters. The yield is good. When pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases.
Dignity of the variety: Winter hardiness of the tree and cambium, large-fruited and high palatability of the fruit.
Disadvantages: Weak winter hardiness of flower buds, vigorous tree, low transportability of fruits.
EXTREMELY (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
The tree is vigorous, at a young age the crown is pyramidal, with age it is wide-pyramidal. Skeletal branches extend from the stem at angles of 50-60 °. Shoots are arcuate, brown. The leaves are large, oval, dark green.
The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Fruits are large, weighing 6.5-6.7 g, round, dark red, tender flesh, dark red, sweet-sour, good taste, red juice.
A variety of medium late ripening. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is good.
The variety is self-fertile. Pollinators: cherry, sweet cherry, dukes. The yield is good. Dignity of the variety: Winter hardiness, large-fruited.
Disadvantages: Vigorous tree.
DONETSKY GREAT (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was bred at the Donetsk Experimental Gardening Station.
Wood vigorous, with a wide-pyramidal crown. Fruits on bouquet branches and one-year growth.
Fruit large, one-dimensional, round-cordate, with a rounded apex. The average fruit weight is 10-12 g. The peduncle is of medium length, thick, well separated from the branch, the attachment to the stone is fragile. The color of the fruit is dark red. The skin is thin, easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is dark red, tender, juicy. The juice is red. The stone is medium, round, free. The taste is sweet and sour.Tasting score 4.4 points, universal purpose. The variety is self-fertile. The best pollinators are Minx, Samsonovka and cherry varieties Valery Chkalov, Large-fruited. The grafted trees begin to bear fruit for 3 years after planting in the garden. The average yield from 10-year-old trees is 45 kg, the maximum is 72.1 kg. ... The fruits ripen at the end of June.
The variety is drought-resistant. Average winter hardiness. Trees endure frosts down to minus 35 ° C without visible damage, but the death of flowers in the buds reaches 86.4%.
KRASA NORTH (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
(Hybrid IV Michurin. Description of the author.)
This hybrid variety originated from the germination (in 1885) of the seed of the Vladimirskaya early cherry, known in the city of Vladimir under the name Beli, the flowers of which were fertilized in 1884 with the pollen of the Winkler white cherry (Guigne blanche de Winkler).
Crossing made with careful castration, taking all precautions when pollination.
Thus, we have in this new cultivar a hybrid of a simple sour cherry with a sweet cherry, which is fully confirmed by both the structure of the external habit of plants and many other properties of the hybrid. The first fruiting came in 1888, in the 4th year of seedling growth.
The fruits of the first three years of fruiting were outstanding in size, up to 30 mm in diameter, and completely white in color, as a result of which the new variety was first named by me White Morel, but in its propagation by budding on rootstocks from seedlings of simple red-fruited cherry (probably under the influence of the rootstock) the grafted trees began to bear fruits of a pink color with a yellowish side, which subsequently turned into a solid pink color of the entire fruit.
It is clear from this experience that a new white cherry variety should not be exposed early to the rootstock of red cherry seedlings. The change in the color of the fruit forced me to replace the old name inappropriate to the type of fruit with a new one.
In view of the special color of the fruits of the new variety and its remarkable resistance to frost, I found it more appropriate to give it the name Krasa Severa. This cherry variety requires good chernozem soil, on which it is very productive, as can be seen from the reviews of the gardener Reshetnikov from Kuibyshev (published in the journal "Gardener" No. 9 for 1906 and in the "Bulletin of gardening, fruit growing and vegetable gardening" No. 1, 1908), where he writes: “Incidentally, there is a photograph from a two-year-old tree Krasa Severa from my nursery, literally showered with fruits, as well as a life-size photograph of this truly delightful variety, which, in my opinion, has a brilliant future , because in its huge, remarkably tasty fruits Krasa Severa can safely compete not only with all northern varieties, but with many southern varieties. "
It can also be seen from these reviews that this excellent in all respects variety in Kuibyshev turned out to be very productive and hardy to the local 30-degree frosts, but its yield is weak on sandy dry soils.
The shape of the fruit is onion, the relief of the fruit is quite even, the base of the pistil lies in a small depression.
Coloring - light pink; the skin is smooth, shiny, elastic.
Size - height 25 mm, width 30 mm, weight 8 g
The peduncle is rather thick, 45 mm long, lies in a round, medium-deep funnel; the peduncle is attached tightly to the bone.
The stone is round, of medium size, light in color, with correctly rounded barrels to a narrow rib; ribs are sharply expressed, narrow - sharp, wide - blunt; bones in half of their number contain underdeveloped grains unable to germinate. The latter property is a consequence of the crossing of two far-off producers, which is often observed in hybridization. Seedlings from well-developed grains in their external habit do not show the so-called “split into producers” at all, but show signs of a mixture of various combinations. The bone lags well behind the pulp.
The pulp is very juicy, with uncolored light juice, the veins are yellow in color, the pulp is sweet with light acid and a refreshing pleasant taste.
Ripening time - ripening is quite amicable and very early, in the first half of July, and overripe fruits are firmly held on the tree and less than all other varieties are attacked by birds.
The properties of the tree - the growth of the tree reaches 2.5-3 m, gum flow on boles and branches was an extremely rare occurrence and in general the tree has a completely healthy appearance, which is one of the outstanding advantages of this variety. Certainly hardy, and not only the wood does not suffer from winter frosts, but the flowers also tolerate spring matinees well, as a result of which the yield of the variety is annual.
Fat Evolution Tree. The leaf blade is matte, dark green in color, very large, up to 140 mm long, up to 90 mm wide. The shape of the leaves is obovate, regularly rounded towards the end, with a narrowly protruding mastoid lengthening along the main nerve of the leaf, the serration is obtuse-oval. Leaf bearers are thick, relatively short, green, with a reddish tint, equipped with two or sometimes three warty projections.
I am describing the shape of the leaf so that the collective farms wishing to test this variety on their own could easily distinguish it from others even before fruiting, especially since such a leaf shape is not positively found in any other cherry varieties.
According to reports from more northern and eastern areas, this variety has earned universal approval, especially within the former. Samara province, where he positively made a splash among gardeners. Frost resistance of the Beauty of the North is so outstanding that in Siberia, in the former. Tomsk province., He found a wide distribution, where he reproduces in the nurseries existing there.
The outstanding size and beauty of the fruits of this new variety can safely serve as the best decoration for the exhibition assortment. It turns out an excellent taste and type of jam thanks to the pale rose syrup. The good resistance of the tree to frost and diseases gives every right to rank this variety among the first-class. I warmly recommend to the state and collective farms to pay special attention to this news of hybridization, which has already been tested for many years.
MIRACLE - CHERRY (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was bred by L.I. Taranenko and A.I.Sychov in the Artyomovsk Research Center of the IS UAAN when crossing the Griot Ostgeimsky cherry and the Valery Chkalov cherry. The trees are medium-sized, with a rounded crown of medium density. Fruits mainly on bouquet branches, as well as on annual growths. The leaves are large, dark green. Shoots and buds are very similar to sweet cherries, therefore leafless annual seedlings are difficult to distinguish from sweet cherry seedlings. Only by the dense leathery plate of the leaf and the taste of the fruit can you determine that it is a cherry.
They begin to bear fruit in the 4th-5th year, are fruitful, disease-resistant, have good drought resistance and winter hardiness. Fruits are very large (8-9 g), dark red, rounded, slightly flattened on top, for universal use. The pulp is dark red, juicy, with excellent dessert taste. The stone is larger than average and separates well from the pulp.
Ripening period - II decade of June.
The best pollinators are cherry varieties Donetsk Ugolok, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Priusadebnaya, Sestrenka, Annushka, etc. The exceptions are Valery Chkalov, Drogana yellow, Large-fruited, Farewell and Valeria (L. I. Taranenko, 2004).
MELITOPOL'SKAYA JOY (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
A promising variety, obtained at the Institute of Irrigated Horticulture UAAN from crossing cherry varieties Samsonovka and Duke Melitopol Dessertnaya. The trees are vigorous, with a sparse pyramidal crown
They begin bearing fruit in the 3-4th year, high-yielding. Fruiting on bouquet branches and annual growths. Frost resistance and disease resistance are high.
The fruits are large (4.5-6.0 g), flat-round, dark red. almost black, ripens early (1st decade of June), universal use
The pulp is dark red, tender, juicy, sweet in taste, with a slight sourness.
The stone is small, freely separates from the pulp.
The variety is self-fertile. The best pollinators are Minx, Podbelskaya, Chernokorka.
NIGHT (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by L.I. Taranenko and A.I.Sychov at the Artyomovsk Research Center of the IS UAAN as a result of crossing Nord Star cherries and Valery Chkalov cherries. Trees are above average vigor, with a broad-pyramidal crown of medium density. They begin to bear fruit in the 3-4th year, bear fruit on bouquet branches and growths of the last year. A characteristic feature of the variety is the dark green shiny leaves inherited from Nord Star, but larger.
The variety is fruitful, very drought-resistant, frost resistance and coccomycosis resistance are high.
The fruits are large (7.0 g), dark red, wide-heart shaped, ripen in the third decade of June, suitable mainly for technical processing. The pulp is dark red, quite dense, sweet-sour taste. The stone is medium, freely separates from the pulp.
Self-fertility and pollinators are currently being studied, but L.I. Taranenko notes that the variety is poorly pollinated by cherry varieties.
Disadvantages of the variety: vigorous tree.
EXCELLENT VENYAMINOVA (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by selection from seedlings from free pollination of the variety Drogana yellow. Originator - All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after V.I. I.V. Michurin and the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops. In state variety testing since 1985.
Wood tall, up to 5 m. The crown is reverse pyramidal, raised, of medium density. Fruits on last year's growths and bouquet twigs.
Fruit weighing 5.5-7.0 g, flat shape, height 22-23 mm, width 29 mm, thickness 30 mm. Fruits are red, flesh is pink, medium density, melting, colorless juice. The stone is round, weighing 0.42 g, making up 6% of the weight of the fruit, it is well separated from the pulp.
Early bloom (May 10-15). Fruit ripening in medium terms (July 8-12). Begins fruiting in 4 years. Average yield 101.4 c / ha, maximum 172.8 c / ha. The variety is self-fertile, well pollinated by the varieties Griot Ostgeimsky, Vladimirskaya. The durability of the trees is high in compliance with the accepted production technology. Winter hardiness of the tree is good, the flower buds are insufficient. The variety is relatively resistant to coccomycosis.
Dignity: large fruits of dessert taste, superior in these qualities to all zoned varieties. Relative resistance to coccomycosis.
Flaws: vigorous growth, insufficient winter hardiness of flower buds.
PREN KORAI (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
Hungarian early cherry variety, which showed good winter hardiness, productivity and high quality of fruits in the south of the Central Black Earth Region. A tree of medium vigor with a rounded crown of medium density. The yield is good, up to 20-25 kg from an 8-10 year old tree. Fruits are large, 4-5g, in favorable conditions up to 6-7g, flat-round, dark red, with a short peduncle. The pulp is red, medium density, with a tasting score of 4.3 points. The juice is red. Ripens early, in the south of the CCZ at the beginning of the third decade of June.
IVANOVNA (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Medium-sized compact tree with a moderately dense spherical crown, easy to care for and harvest. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Large fruits weighing 6.6-6.8 g, round, dark red, moderately dense and transportable. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet-sour, excellent taste, red juice.
Medium late ripening variety. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high.
The yield is high and regular. Both cherries and cherries with dukes can be pollinators.
Dignity of the variety: General winter hardiness of the tree, large-fruited and high palatability of fruits, high and regular yield.
Disadvantages: Not identified.
NURSE (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Wood medium vigor, the crown is pyramidal with age, rounded. Skeletal branches branch off from the trunk at angles of 45-60 °, have a dark brown color. Shoots slightly arcuate-curved, brown. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
The fruits are very large weighing 7.5-7.8 g, round, dark red, moderately dense flesh tender, dark red, excellent taste, red juice. Tasting taste of the fruit 4.8 points. This is almost the standard of taste among cherries.
A variety of medium ripening. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high. The yield is good. When pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases.
Dignity of the variety: Winter hardiness of the tree, large-fruited and high palatability of the fruit.
Disadvantages: Lower yield compared to other varieties.
STRONG (cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Vigorous tree, the crown is rounded. Skeletal branches branch off from the trunk at angles close to a straight line. Shoots slightly curved, gray-brown. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green, matte.
The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Large fruits weighing 5.8-6.0 g, roundish, dark red, firm flesh, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste, red juice.
Early ripening variety. Winter hardiness of trees and cambium is high. The yield is above average. The variety is self-fertile, pollinators: cherries, sweet cherries, dukes.
Dignity of the variety: Fruits remain on the tree for a long time without loss of quality (up to two weeks). Transportability and keeping quality of fruits. Winter hardiness of tree, cambium, flower buds.
Disadvantages: Vigorous tree.
SPARTANKA (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Medium tree, crown of a spreading shape. Skeletal branches branch off from the trunk at angles close to a straight line. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green.
The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Large fruits weighing 5.5-6.5 g, round, dark red, tender pulp, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste, red juice.
A variety of medium ripening. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is very high. The yield is above average. The variety is self-fertile, pollinators: cherries, sweet cherries, dukes.
Dignity of the variety: Very high winter hardiness of the tree, cambium, flower buds.
Disadvantages: Wet separation of fruits
FESANNA (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Wood medium vigor, the crown is pyramidal with age, rounded. Skeletal branches branch off from the trunk at angles of 45-60 °, have a dark brown color. Shoots slightly arcuate-curved, brown. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
The fruits are very large weighing 7.8-8.1 g, round, dark red, moderately dense flesh tender, dark red, excellent taste, red juice. Tasting taste assessment of fruits 4.8 points. This is almost the standard of taste among cherries.
A variety of medium ripening. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high. The yield is good. When pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases.
Dignity of the variety: Winter hardiness of the tree, large-fruited and high palatability of the fruit.
Disadvantages: Not identified.
HODOSA (Cherry-cherry hybrid; duke)
The variety was obtained by A.I. Sychov
Medium-sized compact tree with a moderately dense spherical crown, easy to care for and harvest. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Large fruits weighing 6.8-7.0 g, round, dark red, moderately dense and transportable. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet-sour, excellent taste, red juice.
A variety of medium ripening. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high.
The yield is high and regular. Both cherries and cherries with dukes can be pollinators. From pollination with cherries, the yield increases
Dignity of the variety: General winter hardiness of the tree, large-fruited and high palatability of fruits, high and regular yield.
Disadvantages: Not identified.
SHPANK DONETSK
The variety was obtained at the Donetsk Experimental Gardening Station
Wood medium vigor, the crown is pyramidal with age, rounded. Skeletal branches extend from the trunk at angles of 45-60 °. Shoots slightly curved, brown. Leaves are above medium in size or large, oval, dark green. The nature of fruiting is mixed, most of the crop is formed on bouquet branches.
Medium-sized fruits weighing 6.4-7.2 g, round, light red, moderately dense flesh tender, yellow, sweet and sour taste, light socks. Tasting assessment of the taste of the fruit is 4.0 points. Medium late ripening variety. Winter hardiness of trees, cambium and flower buds is high. The yield is good. When pollinated with cherry varieties, the yield increases.
Dignity of the variety: Winter hardiness of the tree, fertility
Disadvantages: Not identified.
SHIRPOTREB BLACK
The variety was obtained by I.V. Michurin (Description of the author)
This new cherry variety originated from the crossing of the Yubileinaya cherry with the Pervenets sweet cherry (I bred the Yubileinaya cherry in 1914 and the Pervenets cherry in 1901, they are described in this edition) in 1926.
The seedling emerged in the spring of 1927.
The first fruiting of the seedling came in 1932, in the 6th year of growth.
In this new variety of Consumer goods, the signs of the dark-colored flesh of the Friedrich black cherry, from the seeds of which the Pervenets sweet cherry emerged more than 30 years ago, showed up with particular sharpness. But we must not forget that apart from the dark-colored pulp, the color of which in the Consumer Cherry appears even sharper than in the Friedrich black cherry, nothing else can be found in these two plant species: the Consumer Cherry Prunus cerasus L. and the Black Friedrich cherry Primus avium L.
What immediately draws the attention of visitors at a superficial glance at the Consumer Cherry is the rather large fruits sitting on a very long, thin stalk reaching a length of 70 mm, which I have never seen in almost any other sour cherry variety in my entire life. Black, shiny, as if varnished, the fruits effectively hang on these amazingly long stalks from the branches, becoming completely inaccessible to birds, big hunters before plundering fruits of other varieties of cherries.
The shape of the fruit is onion, from the sides the fruit is somewhat flattened, in particular, the flattening is more pronounced from the side seam; the relief of the fruit is even; the remainder of the pistil is quite noticeable in the form of a grayish-dirty speck, lies in a rather deep, wide, regular funnel
Coloring - black, shiny, as if varnished, even throughout the fruit.
Size - height 18 mm, width 21 mm, weight 4.2 g.
The peduncle is very long, 70 mm, thin, light green in color; located in a deep, wide, regular funnel; the funnel makes a rather strong depression towards the side seam. Attached to the fetus quite firmly.
The pulp is quite dense, juicy, sweet with a light refreshing acid; the juice is very dark, almost black in color, strongly colors. The peel from the pulp is peeled off relatively easily, it is elastic and strong, difficult to break.
Ripening time - the first half of July.
Properties of a tree - the growth of consumer goods at the age of 6 reaches 2.5 m.The crown is not as densely leafed as that of other seedlings; coming out of one combination and one sowing with it. The leaf is light green in color, from ovoid to broadly ellipsoid; petioles of medium thickness, light brown on the sunny side; the frost resistance of the tree to our winter cold is complete; the yield is good.
The variety, due to its exceptionally outstanding valuable properties of coloring pulp, excellent taste of fruits and complete frost resistance to the severe frosts of our area, should be ranked among the first-class varieties, deserving the widest distribution in the socialist sector of our economy.
One of my favorite berries is cherries. I love her incomparable aroma so much! Sweet cherries are also delicious. Especially dark varieties, bred by the famous Bryansk breeder M.V. Kanshina.
On my site, it grows and regularly bears fruit for several varieties of both crops. I make jam from them, make compotes, and most of all I like mixed preparations from cherries and cherries. About 15 years ago, I read in one of the magazines about cherry = cherry hybrids, ducks, and decided to plant them on my plot.
LUCK AND FAILURE
Unfortunately, I took old, non-immune varieties. One Michurinsky Consumer goods black, and I don't even know the name of the other - I bought it at an exhibition-fair. I planted two-year-olds in the spring. They took root well and quickly grew. But my trees were out of luck. Winter 2003-2004 turned out to be extremely severe. Then, after the warm weather in January, it became sharply colder in February, and the temperature at night dropped to minus 28-30 °. And my site is located in the north of the region, where it is even colder. The dukes experienced a sharp freezing of the cambium, which was the reason for their death. I decided not to experiment anymore.
However, later it turned out that my acquaintances in the Chekhovsky district of the Moscow region perfectly grow and bear fruit varieties of dukes, bred by the famous breeder of stone fruit crops A.I. Sychov, - Nurse, Spartan, Strong... Dukes in the south and south-west of the Moscow region also feel great. They tolerate severe frosts and temperature changes normally.
And I decided to repeat my experiment, but on a different site. We have a village house near Podolsk and 15 acres of land, there 7 years ago we planted 5 two-year-old saplings of duke varieties Spartanka, Khodosa, Ivanovna, Strong and Wonderful cherry... The trees have taken root well and started bearing fruit last year. I was pleasantly surprised by the quality of the fruit. They are dense, large like cherries, sweet, but have a pronounced cherry aroma.
Therefore, it seems to me that gardeners of the middle lane should take a closer look at these cherry-cherry hybrids and try to grow them on their plots.
A LITTLE HISTORY
The name "duke" comes from the first cherry variety bred in England, obtained from the free pollination of sweet cherries. The hybrid was named May Duck, which means "May Duke". In domestic gardening, it is better known as the English early. This variety took large size, sweet taste and early ripening from cherries, and a wonderful cherry aroma from cherries.
In the gardens of the Old World, cherries grew together with cherries. Sowing cherry seeds from free pollination sometimes produced cherry-like seedlings, the fruits of which were larger and had a sweeter taste. In the 19th century in France, several varieties of dukes were thus bred, the most widespread of which were Queen Hortense and Queen Eugenie.
It is interesting that the name “duke” has become even more widespread in Russia than in Europe. In our country, the first duke grade was obtained by I.V. Michurin in 1888 based on a Central Russian cherry variety Belle and Winkler cherries white... It was at that time one of the most winter-hardy and frost-hardy hybrids of cherry and sweet cherry, and therefore received the name Krasa Severa.This variety grew well and regularly yielded crops in the Moscow region, the North-West region and even in some areas of Western Siberia, but its flower buds often froze. In 1926 I.V. Michurin created another duke variety - Black consumer goods. The disadvantage of this variety was its low and irregular yield.
In the 80s of the last century, work on the development of new varieties of dukes was very intensive. But the work was complicated by the fact that cherries and cherries are different species. They easily interbreed with each other and, when sowing seeds, give quite viable plants. However, most of them are sterile: trees can bloom profusely, but the fruits either do not set at all, or give a very low yield. The most successful varieties were created by the well-known breeders L.I. Taranenko and A.I. Sychov at the Donetsk Experimental Gardening Station. This work is still being successfully carried out by A.I. Sychov in the Belgorod region in his research and production company "LLC" Agrofirma "Rostok".
See also: Duke (cherry) and cherry - cultivation in the Vladimir region
FEATURES OF DUKS
First, it must be said that the best hybrids have the characteristics of both cherry and sweet cherry. However, in appearance, most of them are nevertheless closer to cherries, although their leaves are larger. But in texture, they are denser and shine just like cherry ones.
The fruits are much larger and sweeter than the cherry ones, but the cherry aroma is always present in them. Dukes begin to bloom later than cherries, but earlier than cherries, so they need specific pollinators. However, in a cherry orchard with a large number of its varieties, ducks are well pollinated by cherries.
Fruiting of dukes, as a rule, occurs on bouquet branches.
THE FINE OF GROWING DUKE
An area well lit by the sun and protected from wind and cold air from all sides is suitable for the duke. Soils he needs light, fertile, having a neutral reaction. The plant does not tolerate the close occurrence of groundwater.
If they are located closer than 2 m from the surface of the earth, then the duke should be planted on a mound 30-40 cm high. Young seedlings should not be overfed with fertilizers (especially organic matter), as this can cause excessive growth of shoots to the detriment of fruiting. Therefore, fertilize them sparingly.
The planting soil is made up of three parts: sand, humus (or rotted manure) and a fertile layer, removed from above from a dug hole, in equal amounts. The soil is thoroughly mixed and 2 matchboxes of double superphosphate and 3 matchboxes of potassium sulfate are added to one plant. And of course, if the soils are acidic, 2-3 weeks before planting, they are deoxidized with dolomite flour (at the rate of 2 kg per 6 sq. M. Area).
An important point to keep in mind is that virtually all duke varieties are self-infertile and therefore require pollinators. Both cherries and cherries are suitable for this. But due to the fact that the timing of flowering with them in dukes, as a rule, does not coincide, it is necessary to correctly select pollinating varieties. Cherries should be late and cherry early. You can also plant twigs of several varieties of cherries and cherries into the crown of the duke.
A FEW WORDS ABOUT VARIETIES
I can only tell you about those varieties that grow on my site. All of them were bred by L.I. Taranenko and A.I. Sychov and belong to the latest generation varieties.
Spartan... A variety of medium ripening. Its most valuable quality is the high winter hardiness of the tree itself and of the flower buds. The fruits are very tasty, large (weighing 7-9 g), dark-colored, with a juicy sweet pulp and a pleasant cherry aroma. They ripen in early July, but have a thin skin and are not easily transportable, so the berries are suitable for fresh consumption or quick processing. But the variety is distinguished by exceptional resistance to adverse weather conditions, for which it got its name. In addition, he is weakly affected by coccomycosis and moniliosis.
Hodos... The variety is medium early, ripening occurs in late June - early July. The tree is not very tall, has a spherical crown. The fruits are large (up to 8-9 g), dark cherry, the flesh is dark red, sweet with a slight sourness. The variety is very productive. The tree and flower buds have increased winter hardiness and drought resistance. Disease resistant. The peel on the fruit is quite dense, so the berries have increased transportability.
Ivanovna... Refers to later varieties. Fruiting begins in mid-July. The smallest and most compact tree with a dense spherical crown, but very productive. Cherry-colored fruits with reddish flesh, very juicy, large (8-9 g). The taste is more reminiscent of cherries, although sweet, but more acidic than other varieties. Winter hardiness is one of the highest among the new ducks. The variety begins to bear fruit earlier than others (in the 4th-5th year). Resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis.
Reference by topic: Winter-hardy cherry varieties for cold regions (photo + description)
Sturdy... The variety is very early, one of the first to ripen. It got its name for the dense pulp and thick skin of the fruit. The tree is tall, with a rounded crown. One of the most productive varieties. The fruits are very tasty, dark red with dark pulp, sweet, more reminiscent of cherries, although there is a slight cherry aroma in them. Has a high winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds. Ripe fruits can hang on the tree for up to two weeks without overripe or crumbling. Therefore, they tolerate transportation well.
Miracle cherry... This is one of the earliest varieties of dukes. In appearance, the tree looks more like a sweet cherry, has an average height, spreading, fruiting is very abundant, like a sweet cherry - mainly on bouquet branches. Fruits are very large, weighing 9-10 g, dark red, medium density, sweet cherry taste with pleasant acidity. Ripens at the end of June together with early varieties of sweet cherries. Average winter hardiness, resistant to fungal diseases.
I read a lot about the newest varieties of dukes, mainly A.I. Sychov. Experts highly rate such varieties as Nurse, Alice, Night, and a whole host of others. All of them have the highest economic qualities, and most importantly - increased winter hardiness.
Below are other entries on the topic "Cottage and garden - do it yourself"
Which varieties of cherries were resistant to frost and disease this year-test: Frost-resistant varieties of cherries + resistance ... Planting felt cherries - tips: How best to plant felt cherries Oh ... Unusual hybrids for the garden bred by crossing: Hybrids for an orchard and ... Middle lane: Sweet cherry in the Middle lane There is an opinion ... How to propagate cherries by shoots: Cherry propagation by shoots types: Growing cherries in the country: what ...
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4. Frost-resistant varieties of ducks
Dukes are a hybrid of sweet cherries and cherries (they are called cherry-cherries or sweet cherries). An interesting garden culture that can please with juicy drupes of unusual taste not only for residents of the southern countries of the CIS and regions of the Russian Federation, but also for regions where winter weather is frost outside -25 ..- 35 °.
You can read more about dykes in our material: All about dykes - hybrids of cherry and sweet cherry.
A hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry - Duke, variety Nurse
Dukes need a pollinator, so they need to be planted side by side with several varieties in the garden. Separate clumps of assorted ducks look great when forming a garden landscape.
Dukes varieties for central Russia
Duke grade Beauty of the North was bred by I.V. Michurin in the 19th century.Constant work with the resulting hybrid made it possible to obtain a frost-resistant variety, resistant to spring temperature changes, calmly withstanding frosts down to -30 ° C. Early fruiting - in the first half of July. Fruits are light pink in color. The pulp is yellowish, juicy, uncolored juice. The taste of the fruit is sweet with slightly noticeable sourness, refreshing. The bone from the pulp easily lags behind. Frost resistance is so high that the variety grows normally and forms yields in Siberian conditions (Tomsk).
Duke grade Miracle cherry received the greatest fame among gardeners for abundant fruiting. Branches of culture are literally strewn with bunches and garlands of large fruits. The variety is self-fertile. The best pollinators are cherry varieties Yaroslavna, Sestrenka, Donchanka, Annushka, and other varieties of dukes. The fruits ripen in the second half of June. Fruits weighing up to 10 g, round, dark red with the same pulp. The pulp is sweet, more tender than that of cherries with a pleasant cherry aftertaste and aroma. The variety is grown in trees in the south, and in central Russia - in the form of a bush with a small shelter from the drying winter-spring winds.
In the conditions of the Moscow region, you can successfully grow Duke varieties: Zhukovskaya, In memory of Vavilov, Nurse, Sturdy... Dukes have a cherry flavor, enriched with a cherry aroma with a pleasant refreshing aftertaste. The fruits are of high quality.
Cherry and cherry hybrid
Dukes varieties for the Northern regions
Breeders have obtained hybrid varieties of dukes, the winter hardiness of which allows them to be grown in Siberian conditions, more practically - in a bushy form.
Duke grade Alice refers to mid-late. Fruits are dark red with delicate colored pulp. The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour, the juice is red. Due to the tender juicy pulp, transportability is low. A distinctive feature: the winter hardiness of the variety is generally high, but flower buds can freeze under severe long-term frosts.
Duke grade Burly refers to varieties with medium late ripening of fruits. Trees are self-fertile. Pollinators - cherries, sweet cherries, other varieties of dukes. Fruits are large, round, dark red with colored pulp and juice. Sweet to taste with noticeable sourness. Forms a tall tree-like crown. Winter hardiness is high.
Ducks in the northern regions can be grown in private gardens and summer cottages using varieties: Pivonya, Night, Excellent Venyaminova.
Dukes varieties Ivanovna and Spartan stand out for their very high winter hardiness.
For the continuation of the list of frost-resistant varieties of popular fruit crops for cold regions, see the next page.
