Belarusian best varieties of apple trees

The most common type of fruit tree is the apple tree; tree varieties grow in all corners of the globe. The fruits are known for their beneficial properties to everyone, from early childhood to old age, doctors recommend eating two medium fruits a day.

With such prevention, a person will never have anemia, the gastrointestinal tract will never fail, the intestines will function perfectly, clearing away unnecessary deposits in a timely manner.

In addition, apples have a positive effect on the functioning of the heart, kidneys, pancreas and thyroid gland.

But growing an apple tree is half the battle, most gardeners plant a seedling with the hope of a big harvest.

For abundant and regular fruiting, take into account not only the characteristics of the variety, but also the climatic conditions that are most acceptable to him.

Consider in the article below the Belarusian varieties of apple trees, their detailed descriptions and photos.

General characteristics

The Belarusian land has always been famous for its fertility, various horticultural crops are grown, and the fruiting is always excellent. Breeders of local research institutes have bred apple varieties specifically for their lands, with different ripening periods, with a wide range of tastes.

The main criteria for the grades are:

• good frost resistance;
• increased immunity to various fungal diseases, scab in particular;
• large fruit size;
• good taste of the resulting crop.

The varieties will also differ in the size of an adult tree, in order to accelerate the onset of fruiting, apple trees are grown on dwarf and columnar rootstocks.

Interesting! The crown of such a tree will be small, this will greatly simplify harvesting.

There are many varieties suitable for growing in Belarus, but there are a couple of dozen main ones that are most common in the country.

The best varieties of apple trees in Belarus

Summer

On the territory of Belarus, apple trees with different ripening periods are grown; summer varieties of apple trees are very popular.

Below we will consider the most studied and common varieties for Belarus.

Kovalenkovskoe

Kovalenkovskoe, bred by leading specialists of the "Institute of Fruit Growing" of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The fruits of the stem have high consumer and commodity ratings.... Apples, even unripe, have a sweet taste, without any sourness, large, up to 250 g each.

The ripening period is late summer, the color of the fruits is mainly green with a pronounced saturated blush over the entire surface. Consumer maturity is reached 2 weeks after removal. The stem tolerates frost and drought well.

Kovalenkovskoe.

You can read more about the Kovalenkovskoe apple tree here.

Robin

Dessert fruit taste and attractive appearance serve as a calling card for the Robin. The variety has folk roots with early maturing periods. The stem perfectly tolerates the winter cold, but does not like rainy summer. Under such weather conditions, it is often exposed to scab, fruit rot.

Fruits of yellow color with a bright blush can reach 160 g. Removable and consumer maturity coincide, starting from the second half of August and until the beginning of September, apples are harvested and processed, or left for storage until October.

The variety is familiar to gardeners not only in Belarus. In the Baltic States and Finland, the apple tree feels great, pleases with good harvests.

Robin.

For more information about the Malinovka apple variety, see here.

Radiant

By crossing the Kovalenkovskoe and Bananovoe varieties, the breeders bred the Luchezarnoye apple, which in 1998 was transferred for testing. The fruits of the stem have an excellent sweet and sour taste, but not long shelf life.

The tree itself is resistant to frost and scab, bears fruit annually and abundantly. Removable maturity falls in September, preferably before November.

Advice! Although the tree does not grow tall, it is best to grow on a dwarf rootstock.

Radiant.

You can find out more information about the Radiant variety here.

Belarusian sweet

Belorussian sweet, bred by local breeders, is also referred to as late summer varieties.

Distinctive features of the trunk are high resistance to scab and other diseases, frost resistance.

Fruits are large, with juicy pulp, have a pronounced blush throughout the skin. Starting from the second year, the apple tree will bear fruit regularly and abundantly, the crop can be consumed immediately after being removed from the crown.

Belarusian sweet.

You will learn more about the Belarusian sweet apple variety from this article.

Minsk

Since 1967, the Minskoye apple-tree, bred by A.E.Syubarov, has been included in the State Register of Belarus. The stem has an average crown height, bears fruit annually and abundantly. The fruits are green with yellow color, large, juicy. Sweet and sour taste was rated at 4 points on the generally accepted world scale.

Apples harvested as much as possible in September lie until early December.

Minsk.

Elena

Early varieties of apple trees are also supplemented by Elena's apple, which it has excellent taste. The sweetness of the tender pulp, combined with the sourness, yielded 4.8 points in the assessment. The fruit is unusually fragrant, ripens in August, but does not lie.

Myself low stem, with a rounded crown. Characterized resistant to scab and frost... Bears fruit regularly and abundantly.

Elena.

For more information about the Elena apple variety, see here.

Champion

In mid-September, the Champion is harvested. The variety was bred in the Czech Republic, has a high resistance to fungal diseases, perfectly tolerates winter frosts up to 40 degrees. A distinctive feature is excellent transportability and great taste.

Fruits of a greenish color with a blurred soft blush of a large size are known all over Europe.

Champion.

You can find more information about the Champion variety here.

Spartan

At the end of the first month of autumn, Spartan apples are poured together. The variety was bred back in 1926 and is still quite popular. The fruits are of medium size, colored yellow with an abundant blush. Sweet taste without sourness at all.

A feature is high resistance to all fungal diseases, abundant fruiting, unpretentious care.

Spartan.

You will learn more about the Spartan apple variety in this article.

Geneva

The American Geneva, bred in the 60s of the last century, also took root well on the Belarusian lands. The variety has excellent fruiting performance, apples are large, sweet and sour, attractive appearance.

The stem grows medium in size, up to 5 m in height. Resistance to frost and disease is not high; at minus 20, the buds of the apple tree are severely damaged. With the help of fungicides, the tree can be protected from scab and other fungi.

Ripened in july apples are practically not stored, they are consumed fresh and processed.

Geneva.

Winter

For those who like to savor an apple during the cold season, winter varieties are more suitable.

Honey Crisp

Honey Crisp or honey crunch will appeal to many. The stem was bred by gardeners in the United States, but it is widespread throughout Europe.

The fruits of the tree have a rounded, slightly elongated appearance. The skin is yellow, with a blush. The taste is sweet, in the northern regions of cultivation, a slight sourness is allowed. The pulp is very crunchy when biting off, from this feature the name comes from.

The harvest is harvested in late September, early October, but the apples should reach. Consumer maturity does not occur earlier than November, but they can lie until May.

Honey Crisp.

For more information about the Honey Crisp apple variety, see here.

Navavita

Apple varieties of Belarusian selection offer us the Navavit apple tree. Her apple lays perfectly until Marchoften used for juice processing. Fruiting begins in the third year after planting, abundant. The apples are flat, greenish with minimal blush, the taste is sweet and sour.

The tree itself has a spreading crown with many branches.

Navavita.

Belana

Belana belongs to the winter-hardy varieties with a long shelf life. The fruits have a wonderful sweet taste, which is the best complement to the sourness. Shelf life after removal is long, until April.

The stem itself has a stable immunity to scab and other fungi, but preventive treatment in the spring will not hurt. It is also not afraid of frost, it tolerates them perfectly.

The crown is branched, spreading out, and requires annual pruning even in adulthood.

Belana.

Antaeus

Antey is distinguished by a high yield among late winter varieties. His fruits lie perfectly until Maywhile maintaining great taste. Apples have a beautiful red and burgundy color that attracts the attention of buyers.

The stem bears fruit annually and abundantlytherefore it is often used for cultivation on farmland.

Important! Agricultural technology and unpretentiousness contribute to the growing popularity of the winter-hardy variety among horticultural farms.

Antaeus.

You can read more about the Antey apple tree here.

Auxis

The Lithuanian bole Auxis successfully grows and bears fruit in the Belarusian lands. Its fruits are of medium size, are distinguished by high keeping rates, subject to the necessary conditions. The pulp is juicy, fragrant, with a spicy aftertaste. Sweetness perfectly complements the sourness, their tandem perfectly refreshes. The color of apples is yellowish-green with a blush over the entire surface.

The tree grows to medium size, has a compact crown. Frosts up to minus 20 are not terrible for him, stronger ones are capable of causing harm. Scab and other fungi can periodically attack the bole; it should be protected by applying fungicides.

Auxis.

For more information about the Auxis apple variety, see here.

Lobo

The Canadian variety Lobo was recently discovered by Belarusian gardeners. The stem differs sufficient frost resistance, high palatability of fruits, long-term storage of the crop.

The disadvantages include periodic infection with fungal diseases, but, if the climate is not humid, the tree practically does not get sick.

Large fruits have a good presentation.

Lobo.

Find out more about the Lobo variety here.

Zaslavskoe

The apple variety Zaslavskoye has been included in the register since 2002, but has rapidly spread among gardeners. Late winter bole is distinguished by high immunity to scab, frost resistance.

Fruits are sweet with sourness, aromatic, perfectly stored until May.

Zaslavskoe.

You will learn more about the Zaslavskoe apple variety from this article.

Kochtel

Koshtela is the most widespread variety in the Gomel and Brest regions. It is characterized by an excellent taste of apples, which will last until March.

Resistance to frost and scab allows growing boles in other parts of the country and abroad.

Kochtel.

Idared

Idared is grown not only in private gardens, but also on an industrial scale. Excellent keeping quality and transportability of the crop contributes to this.

The stem is classified as medium-sized, regularly fruiting. The fruits are large, with excellent taste, they are consumed fresh and processed.

The winter varieties of Syabryna and Pospeh also have similar characteristics.

Idared.

For more information about the apple variety Idared, see here.

Dwarf, undersized and columnar stems

In order to save space on the site and plant more different varieties, gardeners increasingly prefer compact apple trees.

On a dwarf rootstock, you can grow:

• Idared;
• Geneva;
• Champion.

Columnar is best done:

• Robin;
• Kovalenkovskoe;
• Radiant.

They differ in stunting:

• Lobo;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Honey Crisp.

Varieties rating

In order for the garden you planted to develop and regularly bear fruit you need to carefully consider the choice of varieties. Pay special attention to:

• for pollinating varieties that will grow in the neighborhood. To do this, select similar stems with the same or different ripening periods;

Advice! "Raika" will be a universal pollinator for any apple tree.

• the soil in which the seedlings will be planted will also be important. Each variety has its own characteristics and preferences for soils, it should be taken into account without fail;
• fertilization and feeding of plants should be carried out regularly;
• remember to trim and trim the crown.

These are universal tips for all boles, but for the lands of Belarus, it is worth choosing seedlings for planting:

• with good indicators of frost resistance, because often the thermometer shows low temperatures, which can simply destroy the laid flower beds;
• have immunity to scab and other fungal diseases that can negate your efforts to care;
• regular yield is desirable, then the gardener will be with fruits annually;
• choose varieties on a dwarf or columnar rootstock, this will significantly speed up the time of fruiting;
• Drought resistance is also important, because it is not always possible to water trees in hot weather.

Seedlings of apple trees with a closed root system.

These characteristics are inherent in many varieties of both domestic and foreign selection, which perfectly take root and bear fruit.

One has only to study in more detail the features of a particular variety and take care of the seedling with full responsibility.

By sweetness

You can also choose seedlings according to your individual taste preferences. Lovers of sweet apples will like:

• Kovalenkovskoe;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Spartan;
• Honey Crisp.

Scab resistance

Abundant fruiting also depends on the immunity of the tree, the higher it is in relation to scab and other fungi, the greater the yields. These diseases are not terrible:

• Radiant;
• Belarusian sweet;
• Minsky;
• Elena;
• Champion;
• Spartan;
• Belane;
• Zaslavsky;
• Kostele.

Apple scab.

By maturity

Autumn

The period of fruit ripening will also be important, at the beginning of autumn you can use:

• Melba;
• Elena;
• Radiant;
• Kovalenkovskoe;
• Robin;
• Geneva;
• Belarusian sweet.

Winter

During the cold season, apples will help remind you of summer:

• Honey Crisp;
• Navavita;
• Belana;
• Antaeus;
• Auxis;
• Lobo;
• Zaslavskoe.

Useful videos

Watch a video about winter varieties of apple trees:

Watch a video about autumn varieties of apple trees:

Watch a video describing the summer varieties of apple trees:

Watch a video on how to properly care for seedlings:

Conclusion

The apple orchard is pleasing to the eye both at the time of flowering and during the period of fruit ripening. Proper care will lead to high yields, which, depending on the variety, can be stored for quite a long time.

Apple trees occupy 95% of the area of ​​all fruit plantations in Belarus, not only the best varieties from all over the world are grown, medium-sized, tall, dwarf, columnar apple trees, but, most importantly, varieties of Belarusian selection.

Features of Belarusian breeding

In Belarus, even in Soviet times, a large selection work was carried out, which does not stop to this day, Belarusian varieties are known to gardeners from different countries. Of the new ones, I would like to name such early or summer varieties: Kovalenkovskoe, Orlovim, Dream. They ripen in July and can only be stored for one month. Well known to professionals are such autumn varieties, zoned for the Vitebsk region: Luchezarnoe, Orlik, Auxis.

Autumn apples are good because they ripen at the beginning of autumn, they can be eaten for up to three months without losing the quality of the fruit. But winter varieties are considered the real elite of apple culture, they give a harvest in early autumn, store it for about five months. The latest technical ripeness comes in October, and they are recommended to eat in a couple of months, when the sweetness and aroma intensify, they can be stored until the next harvest.

Among them, columnar apple trees occupy an important place, and from the local ones, Alesya, Freedom, Pamyat Kovalenko, Verbnoe, Pospekh, Zaslavskoe, Antey, Belorusskoe Raspberry received excellent reviews. The varieties of their apple trees are well known in Belarus, for many of them the Golden Delicious apple tree served as a selection material. Before deciding which apple trees to plant in your garden, you should look at the reviews, read the description and the main characteristics of the varieties, including columnar apple trees.

Belarusian sweet

The tree is medium-sized, the crown has a rounded-conical shape. Fruiting begins 2-3 years after planting in a permanent place of growth, the harvest is given every year. The tree perfectly tolerates cold winters, does not get sick with scab and other diseases traditional for this fruit crop.

Round fruits are covered with a dense, smooth skin, their weight varies between 135 and 200 g, the main color is green, almost all of the fruit is covered with a bright blush. They look very appetizing, delight with a weak aroma, pulp, white and tender, has a pleasant taste due to the large amount of sugars and ascorbic acid. After ripening, the fruits remain on the branches, but if they are harvested late, they will lie less, they are consumed immediately after harvesting.

Verbnoe

The tree is characterized as medium-sized, it is valued for its indifference to frost and scab, for rich harvests. Its crown has the shape of an inverted pyramid, the branches are quite compact. The first crop can be removed within a couple of years after planting on the site.

Apples grow unevenly - from 150 to 300 g, their dense green skin is covered with a brown-red blush. The fruit is flat-round, greenish on the inside, and so juicy that it bites with a crunch. Fruits, sweet and sour with a weak aroma, lie until May, they are perfectly transported.

Darunak

The tree grows medium-sized, like most apple trees, its crown is rounded, branches drooping. The Darunak variety is appreciated for a good harvest, early maturity, the ability not to suffer from scab, to survive frosty winters without losses. Its fruits are round, there are ribs, but they are rather weakly expressed, the apples are very large - their weight varies from 180 to 350 g. Apples with a strong green skin are almost completely covered with a bluish-red blush by the time of harvest. Inside the apples are tender, greenish, aromatic, with a sour-sweet taste.

The fruits are removed after September 15, it is advisable to consume them not earlier than November, when they become sweeter and more aromatic, they are perfectly preserved until the spring of next year.

Elena

Elena is a summer variety, so apples ripen much earlier than all those described. The apple tree does not get sick with scab, tolerates winters well, gives a rich harvest. The tree is also medium-sized, the crown is oval, somewhat raised.

The apples are flat-round in shape, green in color, covered with a bright red-pink blush, their average weight is kept at 120 g. They belong to dessert, have a high tasting rating. The pulp is very tender, unusually juicy, sour-sweet. These delicious aromatic apples are stored, unfortunately, no more than a month.

Imant

Medium-sized apple trees of this variety are not afraid of severe frosts, cold winds and scab. They have a compact, rounded crown and excellent characteristics in terms of yield and early maturity. Apples are slightly ribbed conical in shape, when ripe, they are completely covered with a purple-red blush. The dense, creamy flesh is juicy to crunchy, sweet and sour. Harvested in October, and they begin to use it not earlier than December, by this time the sweetness and aroma will increase, it will be stored until next summer.

Armor

The tree does not grow very tall, unlike most late winter varieties. Its crown gradually acquires a rounded pyramidal shape, drooping branches, growing, lean towards the ground. The Pospeh variety is distinguished by indifference to frost and scab, high productivity, and early maturity.

Round fruits grow from 140 to 240 g, their main color is green, but almost the entire apple is gradually covered with a blurry-striped red blush. The skin of the fruit is dense, elastic, the flesh is greenish, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour. Technical ripeness begins by mid-October, but December is considered the time of consumer maturity, after lying down for a couple of months, apples become sweeter and more aromatic. They are perfectly transported, stored until April - May next year.

Syabryna

The Syabryn variety belongs to the winter. The tree is medium-tall, frost-resistant, does not get sick with scab, it is not afraid of unfavorable factors indifferently to spring frosts. On a clonal rootstock, fruiting begins as early as 3 years after planting, it is stable, regular, no periodicity of the harvest under normal conditions is observed. The crown has a round shape, straight branches are directed upwards, are compactly located, apples do not crumble when ripe.

The fruits are almost one-dimensional with an average weight of 130 g, the pale yellow color of the apple is gradually covered with a raspberry blush almost on the entire surface. The pulp is greenish, fine-grained and juicy with a sour-sweet taste, but rough, the skin is quite dense, which helps to preserve the fruits until the end of winter without losing quality. The variety is prone to a large harvest, it is advised to adjust the number of ovaries manually so that the fruits do not turn out to be small.

Video "Review of winter varieties of apple trees"

In this video, you will learn about the varieties of winter apple varieties.

When choosing a suitable fruit tree variety for growing, it is important to pay attention to the local climate conditions. In addition, the history of the origin of the tree variety, the place of origin is taken into account. These parameters establish the biological potential of a tree in accordance with its economic value: frost resistance, fertility and quality of fruits, resistance to diseases, especially fungal ones. A similar potential is possible in areas favorable for growth. Which apple varieties are ideal for growing in Belarus?

Breeding achievements

The Institute of Fruit Growing of Belarus of the National Academy of Sciences has developed special varieties of apple trees that have genetic resistance to the dangerous fungal disease - scab. Such varieties of the famous Belarusian selection are excellent for growing in many Russian regions that have a similar climate.Apple varieties of the selection of Belarus are planted in the Central regions of the Russian Federation, the Moscow region.

Many apple trees of the selection of Belarus are grown on a clonal rootstock. Such varieties bear fruit from the third year of life every year. As for the yield, it is much higher than on the seed stock.

These varieties have excellent frost resistance:

• Vesyalina;
• Antaeus;
• Zaslavskoe;
• Belarusian raspberry.

Susceptibility to spring frosts is noted in such apple trees:

• Topaz;
• Sava;
• Imant;
• Anniversary;
• Darunak;
• Elena;
• Liberty;
• Cliff;
• Raya;
• Nadzeyny;
• Persistent;
• Chulanovka;
• Folding and others.

The most popular summer varieties are Elena, Luchezarnoe, Papirovka and Kovalenkovskoe.

The best varieties

Darunak

There is excellent immunity to fungal scab, good winter hardiness, early maturity and high yield. Included in the state register in 2011. As for the crown of the tree, its shape is round, hanging branches prevail. Emphasis should be placed on large fruits, the weight of which is about 350 grams. The shape of the fruit is round, with a slight ribbing. The peel has a waxy coating, slightly oily. The color of the Darunak apple tree is green, but there is also a purple blush in the form of stripes covering the entire surface. The pulp is characterized by a sweet-sour aftertaste, weak aroma. According to the results of tasting, the variety is rated at 4.5 points. The advantage is long-term storage until April.

Belarusian sweet

As for this variety, it is characterized by frost resistance, excellent early maturity and resistance to scab. The average vigor of growth is noted, the shape of the crown is round, and the shape of the fruit is round-asymmetric. The weight of one apple ranges from 170 grams. The peel is green in color and an attractive red blush, which is impressive in size. Apples are stored from October to March. The variety received a tasting mark of 4.1 points. The fruits have a juicy, tender, unusually sweet and aromatic pulp.

Imant

The variety is characterized by remarkable resistance to an insidious fungal disease - scab, copes well with severe frosts and winds, is distinguished by early maturity and stable fruiting. Imant was entered in the state register in 2005. The apple tree is medium-sized, equipped with a compact and rounded crown. The shape of the fruit is blunt-conical, with ribbing. The color of the fruit is intense red, with a slight purple hue. The fruits are available from December to June. Description of the pulp: crispy, very juicy, creamy, dense, sour taste. According to the tasting score, the apple tree received 4.2 points.

Syabryna

Winter variety with excellent yield and scab resistance. Differs in average growth, beautiful round crown, stable fruiting. If the stock is clonal, then the harvest is harvested already in the third or fourth year of the apple tree's life. The approximate weight of one fruit is 130 grams. The color of the fruit is pale yellow, there is a crimson blush over the entire surface. Tasting score - 4.5 points. The fruits are eaten from October to February. The pulp is tender, juicy, sweet.

Armor

Sufficiently frost-resistant, high-yielding species. It has a slow growth rate, therefore it remains low. The branches hang down, the shape of the tree crown is rounded. As for the weight of the fruits, the average is 240 grams, the shape is round. The skin is oily, there is a waxy bloom. The apples are green, but there is also a red blush. The pulp is aromatic, sweet and sour and juicy. Tasting mark - 4.1 points. The term of consumption is late. Stored until April.

Elena

If we take into account the summer varieties of apple varieties, then Elena is the ideal representative. The variety is new, early ripening is inherent in it, namely, a week earlier than Papirovka. Excellent resistance to frost, good yield - 25 tons per hectare. It is remarkably protected from scab fungus, has a dessert taste.The apple tree is medium-sized, the shape of the crown is slightly raised and oval. As for fruiting, it is stable and generous. The fruit weighs 120 grams, the shape is flat-round. The main color of the fruit is green, the cover color is red-pink. The tasting score is 4.8 points, which is considered an excellent indicator. The pulp of these apples is unusually juicy, fragrant and tender, fine-grained. The consumption period is August.

Verbnoe

Refers to the late winter ripening period. There is a good yield - 30 tons per hectare, as well as frost resistance. The average growth rate of the tree prevails. The crown is characterized by an average density and a rounded shape. The yield is regular. The main advantage is recognized rather early fruiting, since the first crop is harvested two years after planting the seedling in the ground. There is an excellent polygenic resistance to the fungal disease - scab. It is important to note that the size of the apples is quite impressive, the weight is equal to 250 grams. The shape of the fruit is flat-round.

Color - pale green, there is a blush of a red-brick shade. Description of the pulp: juicy and fine-grained. Score - 4 points. The aroma is not very pronounced. As for the chemical composition of Verbnoe apples, it is important to point out the following components: sugar - 9.3%, ascorbic acid - about 12 mg per 100 grams, dry matter - 10.7%, and titratable acidity - 0.8%.

The marked apple varieties are very popular. They are resistant to frost and fungal scab disease. Each of them bears fruit regularly, has large and medium-sized fruits. The main advantage is that fruits are stored for a long time, do not rot. Trees need proper planting, regular and competent care, feeding and pruning. All agrotechnical activities are carried out according to the standard scenario.

The climatic conditions of Belarus are favorable for growing apples. Every year the country gathers rich harvests of these tasty and healthy fruits. Along with the old ones, new and promising apple varieties bred by breeders are successfully cultivated.

The best apple varieties for Belarus with a description, characteristics

Natural conditions make it possible to grow apple trees in Belarus, zoned for the central regions of Russia. However, in recent years, Belarusian breeders have developed many new varieties that are resistant to scab and tolerate frosts, recurrent frosts and prolonged low temperatures during the flowering period. Grafted on medium-sized and dwarf rootstocks, the varieties bear fruit 2–4 years after planting. On a tasting scale, their taste is rated above 4 points. In the southwestern regions of Belarus, preference is given to apple varieties with large sweet fruits.

Summer apple varieties for Belarus

These varieties ripen in July-August. Apples cannot be stored, they must be eaten or processed immediately.

Table: summer varieties

Photo gallery: summer varieties

Early apple varieties for Belarus

Autumn and early winter apples can be picked in late August and early September. They acquire consumer maturity after one to two weeks. Fruits can be stored for several months, up to January.

Table: autumn and early winter varieties

Photo gallery: autumn and early winter varieties

Late varieties of apple trees for Belarus with a description, characteristics

Winter and late winter varieties are distinguished by increased keeping quality. They are filmed in late September and early October. These apples can last until summer, and acquire a full-fledged taste a few months after they were removed from the tree. Late-flowering trees are able to withstand recurrent frosts without consequences. The fruits are distinguished by strong skin and dense pulp. The long ripening period of apples increases their vitamin content.

Table: winter and late winter varieties

Photo gallery: winter and late winter varieties

Features of growing apple trees in Belarus

The moderate continental climate of Belarus is favorable for growing apples. In winter, against the background of moderate cold weather, prolonged thaws can be observed. It is warm in summer, it rains a lot.

In the northeast, in the Minsk region, spring comes at the end of March. In the south-west (Grodno region), spring begins in the first ten days of March. Signs of autumn are earlier observed in the northeast, in the second half of September. In the southwestern regions, summer lasts until early October.

Soils in most of Belarus are soddy, but there are also sandy and loamy soils. Groundwater in some places comes close to the surface. The increased acidity of the soil requires the use of special agrotechnical measures.

Planting an apple tree in Belarus

You can plant an apple tree in spring - in April, and in autumn - in October. Adherents of autumn planting believe that the seedlings will have time to take root before winter and will actively start growing in the spring. Others are confident that planting in spring will help the plant grow better.

In spring, it can be planted when the ground has already thawed (from late March to late April). In the Bryansk and Gomel regions, planting begins a little earlier than in the north of Belarus.

When choosing a seedling, pay attention to its method of grafting. An apple tree on a dwarf (clone) rootstock begins to bear fruit earlier, but a tree on a seed rootstock lives longer.

Despite their size, apple trees on a dwarf rootstock give a rich harvest.

High humidity and cool weather during the growing season, characteristic of the climatic conditions of Belarus, contribute to the development of scab. When choosing seedlings, preference should be given to varieties that are resistant to this disease.

It is advisable to purchase seedlings with an open root system immediately before planting. If it is not possible to immediately plant a tree in its intended place, take measures to preserve the vitality of its roots.

• Moisten the roots, wrap them with a wet rag, wrap them in a plastic bag and put them in a cool, dark place.
• Place the roots in water for several hours before planting.

If you bought a seedling in the fall, and you plan to plant it in the spring, dig it into a trench 50 cm deep in an inclined position.

Recommendations for choosing a seedling taking into account the groundwater level (GWL):

• GWL> 3 m - a seedling is suitable for any rootstock.
• GWL <1.5 m - give preference to dwarf rootstock.
• With a groundwater level of 1.5 m to 2.5 m, a seedling can be planted on a semi-dwarf rootstock.

In Belarus, there are practically no heavy wetlands, so there is no need to prepare a pit for planting in the fall. The rules for preparing holes for planting depend on the size of the tree:

• for dwarfs - 90x90x40 cm, distance 1.5x3 m;
• for semi-dwarfs - 100x100x50 cm, distance 3x5 m;
• for the tall ones - 120x120x80 cm, distance 5x5 m.

If planting in sandy soil, place a 15 cm layer of clay on the bottom of the pit. The root collar should be at soil level when planting. Do not add fresh manure to the planting pits: ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released by it during decomposition will damage the roots.

Scheme of planting an apple tree seedling in a pit

With a high level of groundwater standing, the seedling is recommended to be planted on a hill. At high humidity, trees are planted on ridges more than 1 meter wide and up to 50 cm high.

With a high level of groundwater, an apple tree is planted on a hill.

How to care for an apple tree in Belarus

Apple tree care includes standard procedures:

• watering,
• feeding and fertilizing,
• protection from disease,
• pruning,
• harvesting,
• preparation for winter.

Newly planted and dwarf trees are especially in need of watering. Over the summer, this procedure must be repeated 3-4 times, based on the norm of 3 buckets for each tree. Watering is stopped during the ripening of the fruit so that the apples do not crack. In October, trees need abundant moisture to prepare for winter.

Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the fall. If the soil is acidic, ash or dolomite flour is added to the trunk circle in the fall.

Ash does an excellent job with soil deoxidation

If the tree is frozen, foliar feeding with a solution of urea (0.5%) will help it recover. The first feeding is carried out 10 days after flowering. To fix the result, the tree is sprayed again after 1-2 weeks.

After harvesting, it is useful to spray the tree with a 2% solution of copper sulfate. This treatment will kill pest larvae and fungal spores.

We prune the tree in autumn or spring. In autumn, this procedure can be done from the beginning of leaf fall and until the temperature passes through -10 ° C, until December. In spring, you can start caring for the apple tree after March 8 and finish before its flowering.

It is recommended to prune fruit trees twice a year: in autumn and spring.

Late varieties of apples keep well until spring and even until summer, if you follow the basic rules of harvesting:

1. Observe collection deadlines.
2. Do not rub wax deposits off apples.
3. Withstand quarantine: apples in a box should stand for 2-3 weeks in a cool place, after that you must select and remove all low-quality fruits.
4. For storage, you need to put apples (no more than 3 kg) in tight plastic bags, make 5-6 holes in the bag with a match / toothpick for gas exchange and tie the bag with a rope.
5. Place bags in boxes and store at temperatures between -1 ° C and +1 ° C. But you can't keep apples in the same basement with potatoes!

Before wintering, it is recommended to insulate the trunk of a young tree: tie it with spruce branches or straw. It is advisable to cover the near-trunk circle with a layer of moss and spruce branches.

Video: tips for growing and caring for an apple tree

Reviews

Plant apple trees of different ripening periods on your plot - summer, autumn, winter. Then you will be provided with apples almost all year round. Modern Belarusian varieties with excellent characteristics in taste, winter hardiness and disease resistance can be successfully grown in central Russia.