Detailed description of the cherry variety Valery Chkalov

Sweet cherry, as a woody plant, has been known since ancient times. Juicy and sweet fruits are a favorite delicacy of children and adults. Among the southern varieties of sweet cherry varieties Valery Chkalov - a bright representative with a relative resistance to frost. A description of this variety can be found below.

Description of the cherry variety Valery Chkalov

Sweet cherry of an early ripening variety, obtained in 1953 by breeders M.T. Oratovsky and S.V. Zhukov. The selection was developed by the joint labor of the station of the Melitopol Experimental Gardening named after V.I. M.F. Sidorenko and the Central Genetic Laboratory named after I.V. Michurin. Pollinator of the cultivar - Caucasian Pink cherry.

The variety grows in a temperate continental and subtropical climate. In harsh continental and monsoon climates, the variety is not suitable for cultivation. Since 1974, the variety has been zoned in the North Caucasus:

• Rostov region;
• Stavropol region;
• Chechen Republic;
• The Republic of Ingushetia;
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic.

Gray-brown curved shoots of sweet cherries reach up to 5 mm in cross section. Intense shoot growth is inhibited by formative pruning... In annual seedlings, lower shoots are left, which later form skeletal branches.

Winter hardiness and frost resistance of the variety, makes it possible, at minus temperatures up to 24 ° C, to lose up to 2/3 of the flower buds. This helps to preserve most of the crop. To a greater extent, the yield of the variety is high. Indicators of the yield of the variety in the southern regions, during 10 years of fruiting:

• Crimea: average - 62 kg, maximum level - 174 kg;
• Krasnodar region: medium - 24 - 32 kg.

Fruit characteristics

Large burgundy fruit, heart-shaped. Sweet and juicy reddish pulp, with a large bone... Fruit weight ranges from 7 to 9 grams. A small stalk is attached to the fruit.

The content of substances in fruits has the following composition:

• 13.5% - dry matter;
• 0.6% - free acids;
• 10.7% sugar;
• 0.21 mg - ascorbic acid.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The advantages of the variety include the following qualities:

• early ripening variety;
• large fruits;
• juicy and tasty fruit pulp;
• high productivity;
• suitability for canning;
• winter hardiness and frost resistance.

The disadvantages of the variety include only one property. - average resistance to fungal diseases.

Planting and leaving

For planting, cherry trees with good performance are selected.

Saplings should be with the following parameters:

• age - 1 - 2 years;
• barrel diameter - 17 mm or more;
• lack of wrinkled bark;
• the presence of 3 - 4 branches, up to 40 cm in size;
• difference in the color of the scion and rootstock at the grafting site;
• roots without damage and growths;
• no broken branches.

The required time for planting cherries is early April, before the buds swell... At this time, the seedling takes root faster due to the warm sunny period of the year. It is not recommended to plant cherries in the autumn. The seedling will not be able to take root so quickly until winter.

The landing site is protected from drafts. Choose a sunny side on the site. An elevation is required or an artificial elevation is required for planting cherries... Pollinator trees of the variety are planted nearby for good fruiting. The distance between the trees is left up to 4 meters so that the trees can calmly spread the crown.

The planting pit is prepared in the fall. The earth is dug up and 2 buckets of humus mixed with fertile soil are brought in. Prepared soil for planting seedlings, in the future will supply the roots with the necessary nutrition.

Spring planting of a seedling takes place with successive stages:

1. The earth is being dug from a prepared pit, up to 70 cm deep, 80 cm in diameter.
2. A peg is driven into the center of the pit, for the support and stability of the seedling.
3. Are brought to the bottom of the pit organic fertilizers in the form of compost or manure.
4. Submit:

• potassium sulfate - 100 grams;
• superphosphate - 300 grams;
• ash - 1 kg.

5. Add fertilizers earth.
6. Spreading the roots, gently plunge a seedling into a hole.

7. Holding the tree cover with earth, taking into account the location of the root collar above ground level by 5 cm.
8. For even watering create a trunk circle to a depth of 5 cm. At the edges of the circle, make the earth in the form of a shaft.
9. Tie up a seedling to the peg.
10. Water the seedling water - 2 buckets.
11. To mulch peat near-trunk circle.

Growing conditions

For the first 3 years, seedlings regularly water and loosen the soil. In this case, the penetration of water into the depth is necessary at a distance of up to 40 cm, reaching the roots.

It is necessary to comply with the cherry watering schedule:

1. before flowering;
2. after flowering;
3. before harvest in 3 weeks;
4. in October.

Pruning of annual seedlings is carried out in the spring, and involves the following actions:

• shortening of seedlings at a height of 50 cm, with 4 - 5 developed kidneys;
• shortening of lateral shoots 1/3;
• finding central branch higher than the rest of the branches by 20 cm.

Crown formation in five-year-old trees stops, and pruning is subject to:

• tree height up to 3.5 meters;
• central branch and adjacent shoots, up to a level exceeding the nearest horizontal branches by 20 cm;
• strong shootsthat are directed towards the inside of the crown;
• tops vertically growing skeletal branches;
• side branches crowns.

Every year it is required to increase the trunk circle up to 1 cm. The area of ​​the circle should be periodically renewed with a mulch coating... Also do loosening and weeding. In the spring and early summer, nitrogen fertilizers are used, which accelerate the growing season on trees. Fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium are applied in the autumn. The following fertilizers are required:

• dry urea - 120 g;
• urea solution - 30 grams per 1 bucket of water: May - June - 3 times, followed by loosening and watering.

For four-year-old trees, the circular furrow is increased to 40 cm. This is due to an increase in the number of roots.

At this age, trees require fertilization:

• early spring add dry urea - 150 grams and pour;
• in the fall add potassium sulfate - 100 grams, granular superphosphate - 300 grams.

Trees of the fifth year of life are fed:

• in the spring –On 1 bucket of water - 30 grams of ammophos; urea - 200 grams - in the furrow;
• in the fall - for 1 tree - 20 kg of humus.

Preparation of cherries for the winter period consists in whitewashing trees... This will protect the trees from pests and diseases.

This event is carried out with a dilution of the composition for whitewashing, in 2 options to choose from:

1. PVA glue - 2 tbsp. spoons, lime - 300 grams;
2. water - 2 l, milk - 100 grams, copper sulfate and dust - 1 tbsp. spoon.

Be sure to cover the trees with spruce trees for the winter. Wrap the trunk and skeletal branches with burlap. The trunk circle is renewed with fresh peat. With proper and constant care, the variety is harvested after planting seedlings after five years, and then annually.... Fruiting occurs in early June. The average yield of trees 10 - 15 years old is 62 kg.

Features of the variety

1. The variety is a source of a multivitamin complex, containing flavonoids, carotene, pectins, sugar, is also enriched with micro- and macroelements.
2. Sweet cherry is an excellent remedy for spring beriberi... Traditional medicine uses cherries as a diuretic for the treatment of kidney disease. Tones up the body, helping to reduce weight and improve the condition of the body.
3. Thanks to cherry berries, the walls of the capillaries are strengthened, helping with hypertension. Due to the content of coumarin in cherries, the blood clotting limit is reduced. Helps in the treatment of anemia and the formation of blood clots and plaques.
4. Weakened gastric motility can be restored by cherry juice... It stimulates the digestion process and helps with stomach pain. It also acts as a regulator by lowering blood cholesterol levels.

5. The fruit stems of the variety contribute to the regulation of cardiac activity... They have a beneficial effect on the body with irritation and neurosis.

Diseases and pests

The attractiveness of cherries is so great that it attracts people and various ailments with its fruits. Planting seedlings always requires special care for them. However, caring for cherries cannot fully guarantee the protection of trees from all misfortunes. In order to avoid the main diseases and pests that sweet cherries meet, the necessary information from the tables will help in the fight against them.

An excellent variety rightfully has great success with most fruit tree lovers, due to its amazing qualities... Proper care of cherries will give delicious fruits to all lovers of the variety with a worthy reward.