Common pear diseases and their treatment

The pear can be attributed to fruit crops that are found in almost every garden plot. But the positive emotions associated with growing this crop and harvesting delicious fruits can darken numerous diseases... They can not only worsen the decorative effect of the plant, but also lead to a significant decrease in yield and even death of the tree. In this article, we will look at why pear diseases occur and methods of treating various diseases.

Common

Pear diseases are numerous and can affect different parts of the plant. Many of them can infect not only pear, but also other pome crops, such as apple, quince, medlar, hawthorn. What to do in case of tree disease and how to treat them? With regular inspection of trees, it is easy to notice signs of disease, even in the early stages.... Therefore, even a novice gardener needs to know the main diseases of pears.

Most often, the following symptoms appear:

• Change in the shape of leaves and fruits;
• The appearance of spots of various colors and shapes;
• The defeat of young shoots and bark of old branches;
• Lignification of fruits and change in taste;
• Falling leaves, ovaries and fruits;
• Drying of branches and tree.

Tree proliferation, disease control methods

Pear proliferation is a viral disease also called overgrowth. Prematurely developed shoots move away from the plant at an acute angle... Numerous thin lateral shoots appear on the plants, dormant buds wake up, and the strong branching of lateral fattening shoots leads to the formation of witch brooms.

Leaves of diseased shoots, as a rule, have large, well-developed stipules with a jagged edge. Flowers on infected plants do not fall off, and re-flowering may occur at the end of summer. The fruits are deformed, and the stalks are greatly elongated.

It is impossible to cure the disease, therefore, when it comes to industrial plantings, it is better to create a new one with previously tested healthy planting material.... In individual gardening, you can observe the condition of the tree. Often, the disease can pass into a latent form and practically not manifest itself, and the plant will develop normally and bear fruit.

Scab - fruits and leaves turn black, how to treat?

Pear scab is one of the most common diseases. With severe damage, not only the quality and quantity of fruits decreases, but also drying out and freezing of trees occurs.... The rapid development of the disease occurs if frequent precipitation and high temperatures contribute to the constant moisture of the plant.

Scab is a fungal disease. The first sign is the appearance of rounded yellowish spots on all aboveground organs of the plant: branches, fruits, pedicels, leaves and petioles.Gradually, the spots become necrotic, becoming black with a dark olive bloom. On the petioles and shoots in the affected area, tubercles are formed, which later transform into ulcers, cracks and dents. Dark spots with a light rim are formed on the fruit. The pulp under them stiffens, cracks appear, the fruits are deformed, and their quality and quantity are noticeably reduced.

The fight against the disease must be carried out in a comprehensive manner.... In autumn, the affected leaves must be raked and burned, and the soil under the trees must be dug up. Thickened crowns should be thinned out, removing dry and damaged branches. Damaged young shoots must be removed immediately. During leaf fall, it is recommended to carry out treatment with ammonium sulfate (10-20%), silite (0.1%) or urea (8%).

In the spring, it is necessary to spray three times with protective fungicides: Bordeaux mixture (1%), copper oxychloride. The first time the trees should be sprayed before blooming, the second after flowering, and after another 2 weeks, the treatment should be carried out a third time.

Fruit rot or moniliosis

It affects pear and apple trees, less often other pome fruits. Sometimes found on stone fruit crops.

Signs of the disease can be detected not earlier than the middle of the growing season.when the fruits begin to pour. Small brown spots appear on the surface of the fruit, which quickly increase in size and can cover the entire fruit within a week. Yellow-white or ash-gray pads appear on the surface, arranged in concentric circles. The pulp becomes loose and tasteless.

Fruit rot can also affect skeletal branches. At the same time, dark depressed spots appear, which sometimes can cover the branch in the form of a ring, leading to the drying out of the upper part.

Often the fruits are stored on plants and serve as a source of infection for the next year. The crop can suffer from this disease even during storage. In this case, the fruits become black with brown flesh.

Particular attention must be paid to the destruction of insect pests, since it is the damaged fruits that are affected by rot in the first place.

To combat fruit rot the same measures are effective as for the fight against scab. In spring and autumn, it is recommended to spray with Bordeaux liquid, and during the growing season to use fungicides (Fitosporin, Topsin, Folicur). However, it is necessary to carry out processing at least a month before harvesting, or in the lines indicated in the instructions for the preparation.

Sooty fungus - black bloom on fruits and leaves

The sooty fungus most often appears after the petals have fallen off or during the pouring of the fruit. Dark spots and plaque appear on the branches, fruits and leaves without clearly defined edges.... The appearance and taste of the fruit are reduced. The defeat of shoots and leaves leads to a growth retardation, a decrease in frost resistance and the laying of fruit buds.

The main reasons for the defeat of pears with a sooty fungus are:

• Density of the crown;
• Poor air circulation in the garden or low-lying location;
• Poor crown illumination;
• Insect damage, because it is on their secretions (honeydew) that spores begin to develop.

To control the fungus, it is necessary to reduce the population of sucking insect pests (aphids, copperheads). For plant protection, you can spray with copper-containing fungicides.But most often, special treatment against sooty fungus is not required if treatments have been carried out for other fungal diseases.

Powdery mildew - the leaves began to curl and dry

Pear powdery mildew is considered one of the most dangerous diseases. The fungus infects leaves that can curl, shoots and fruits, leading to a cessation of growth and development, deformation and gradual fall... The affected flowers are covered with a powdery bloom and crumble, the ovaries are not formed. As a result, up to 80% of the crop may fall off even before the fruit is formed.

Favorable conditions for the spread of the fungus are considered to be high air humidity at moderately high temperatures, but spore germination and infection can occur in almost any conditions.

The fungus overwinters well on damaged shoots and does not freeze out even in the most severe winters, so in spring and autumn it is necessary to cut out damaged branches and burn them, and treat the trees with colloidal sulfur. To limit the development of the disease during the growing season of plants, it is necessary to spray with systemic fungicides..

Rust - why did yellow spots appear and what to do?

Signs of rust usually appear on all green frequent plants immediately after flowering. A characteristic sign of the disease are rounded, large yellow spots, sometimes with a purple rim, yellow-green on the underside of the leaf blade... Over time, black dots appear on the surface, the spots swell and burst. Affected plants have decreased immunity and winter hardiness.

Most often, the disease appears in the fall, in wet weather, in regions where the host plant is found in the wild or in household plots. At the first sign of rust, a systemic fungicide treatment is recommended.

In spring, trees must be sprayed twice with Bordeaux mixture (1%): during bud break and after flowering. In autumn, the affected leaves and fruits should be destroyed, and shoots with signs of damage should be removed. Trees are recommended to be treated with a solution of urea (7%) after the leaves have fallen off. You can also use fungicides: Bayleton, Skor, Topsin M, Fundazol, Delan, Tarsel.

In regions with a high likelihood of rust, it is better to grow varieties that are relatively resistant to the disease: Skorospelka, Summer Duchess, Ilyinka, Summer Williams, etc.

Black cancer: signs and treatments

The disease affects the bark of skeletal branches and stem. Numerous small depressed necrotic spots appear on the bark near the lentils.... On thin branches, lentils begin to grow, on thick ones, abundant gum flow appears. The resulting wounds gradually increase in size, and the bark around it becomes brown. Reddish spots may appear on leaves and fruits. Several types of fungi can cause similar symptoms, and not only pome crops, but also stone fruits suffer from the disease. With a strong infection, the tree dies.

To do this, it is better to remove diseased plants, and at the initial stage of infection, cut off all damaged branches to healthy wood. Wounds on the trunk must be cleaned up to healthy wood, treated with a solution of copper sulfate and covered with clay with the addition of mullein.

Cytosporosis - the bark bursts and the branches dry out

Cytosporosis is considered a disease of old weakened gardens that are in poor physiological condition and are constantly freezing. Numerous black tubercles appear on annual shoots and the branches die.... Ulcers appear on the thick branches, which constantly grow until they completely cover the entire branch. The bark turns reddish-brown and dries up. Gum flow may be observed.

No chemicals are used to fight the disease... To avoid cytosporosis, it is necessary to remove the affected branches and trees, which are the main source of infection. When creating gardens, it is necessary to give preference to zoned varieties that will not freeze, and also maintain a high agricultural background.

Bacterial burn - pear leaves turn brown

Bacterial burn is considered one of the most dangerous diseases that affects more than 100 plant species. In infected plants, the flowers turn brown and fall off, the tips of the branches turn black, and the leaves and shoots become covered with watery black spots.... The tree quickly takes on the appearance of being scorched by fire.

The bacteria that cause the disease can spread very quickly through the loans of the tree and cause tissue death. The rapid course of the disease cannot be defeated. It is only possible to prevent infection of other plants, so the diseased tree must be removed and burned, and the roots must be uprooted. How to deal with this disease?

If the disease was noticed at an early stage, it is necessary to cut out the affected branches, and treat the cut site and tools with a solution of iron (0.7%) or copper (1%) vitriol. Spraying plants with antibiotics will be effective:

• Streptomycin (50 μg / ml);
• Chloramphenicol (50 μg / ml);
• Rifampicin (50 mcg / ml);
• Gentamicin (50 μg / ml);
• Kanamycin (20 μg / ml).

You can also treat plants with Bordeaux mixture and spraying with copper-containing preparations 7-8 times per season.

Bacteriosis: Ways to Control Pests

The first signs of the disease appear with the blooming of young leaves.... At the ends of the leaf blades, dark areas appear, gradually spreading to the entire blade and petiole, which later begin to dry and may turn black. The disease affects the vascular system, which is easily visible on the cross section of the branch in the form of black dots or circles.

The degree of damage may vary, but trees of all ages are susceptible to disease. To combat bacteriosis, it is necessary to prune, capturing 30-40 cm of healthy wood, Process the sections with copper sulfate (3%), and also spray with Bordeaux mixture.

Furrowing - a disease of wood

The causative agent of the disease is a virus that is transmitted from tree to tree mechanically, by pruning or grafting. The branches of the affected plants are flattened, and dead areas appear inside... Furrows, necrotic lines and spots are clearly visible. The leaves are chlorotic, early fall and fall off.

Septoria, or white spot on the leaves

The disease of abandoned and aging gardens. Small spots of light brown color appear on the leaves, gradually turning gray, but with a dark rim. Such leaves dry out and fall off earlier than usual, and the vitality and productivity of trees decreases. Plants weakened by septoria do not withstand low temperatures and often freeze.

Special treatments for septoria, as a rule, are not carried outbecause the preventive measures used for scab are effective in preventing white spotting.

Prevention of pear diseases

Avoiding diseases is not easy, especially in suburban areas, where the pathogen can appear thanks to negligent neighbors or abandoned wild gardens. However, most pear diseases are preventable.

It is necessary to realize that prevention includes a complex of agrotechnical measures that are recommended to be carried out regularly. It is worth highlighting the following preventive measures:

1. Growing healthy planting material;
2. Tool processing after pruning diseased trees;
3. Harvesting leaves and carrion;
4. Deep loosening of the soil under the trees;
5. Regular lightening of the crown, removal of weak, sick and shriveled branches;
6. Cleaning and whitewashing of trunks, treatment of frost damage and damage;
7. Early spring and autumn spraying Bordeaux liquid, or other drugs according to the treatment calendar;
8. Fight against insect pests.

Growing pears and getting a decent harvest requires attention and some knowledge. It is necessary not only to properly care for the tree, but also to learn to see the first signs of damage, to distinguish the diseases characteristic of a given culture and to take the necessary measures in a timely manner.... And in order not to encounter at all or to minimize the number of diseases, it is always useful to pay attention to simple methods of prevention.