How to properly plant and transplant a pear in the fall

For a long time, the pear was cultivated only in the southern regions, where this process has an industrial scale. This is distinguished by the high demands of the tree to growing conditions. But, specially developed agricultural technology and the emergence of regionalized varieties have significantly expanded these boundaries. Of particular importance in the development of a fruit tree is the correctness and timeliness of planting.

In this article, we will find out when it is better to plant a pear, how to plant a pear correctly in the fall, how to transplant a pear to another place, and also give the most detailed instructions for this.

Benefits of planting pears in autumn

The autumn season is distinguished by the opportunity to choose high-quality planting material. Most nurseries dig out seedlings in the fall, so the roots of the tree are preserved in the most natural form. In addition, seedlings are much cheaper in the fall.

During the autumn planting, the young seedling has time to develop the root system. In the spring, such trees have the main forces going on the growth of the vegetative mass. Therefore, seedlings planted in autumn are 20 days ahead of spring-planted trees. This is an important factor in the overall formation of the pear.

Autumn planting is relatively simple. During this period, the main thing is to properly plant the pear and take care of the winter shelter of the seedling. All other actions will be done by nature. Autumn rains will provide the root lump with the necessary moisture, and it will develop until the soil cools down to + 4 ° C.

There are drawbacks to planting pears in the fall. These are rodents who, with the onset of cold weather, love to feast on young seedlings. Sudden cold weather can kill a fragile tree. Therefore, in the northern regions, the pear is planted only in the spring. If you listen to the recommendations of experienced gardeners, the risks of these negative aspects can be minimized.

Landing dates

Autumn planting of pears is carried out during the dormant period of the seedling. At this time, all biochemical processes in the tree are aimed at adapting the root system to harsh climatic conditions. Outwardly, this is manifested by massive leaf fall.

When deciding on the timing of planting, it is necessary to focus on the regional climate. For the middle lane, this is the third decade of September and until mid-October. In the southern regions, they are planted from October to mid-November. When deciding to plant a pear seedling, you need to follow the weather forecast and navigate by the average temperature optimum.

It is very important to plant the seedling 2 to 3 weeks before the onset of stable frost. Otherwise, constant temperature drops will cause periodic freezing and thawing of the soil. The pear roots will be pushed out of the soil, freeze and dry out. All this leads to the inevitable death of the tree.

Landing requirements

When choosing a place for a pear, you need to take into account its genetic characteristics - thermophilicity. Therefore, the tree site must be protected from cold northerly winds and drafts. Also, the place should be as illuminated as possible, this increases the level of photosynthesis, respectively, the quality and quantity of the crop. WITHThe most ideal option for pears is the elevated south or southeast side of the plot.

In heavy and infertile soil, the pear will develop well only in the first years, until its roots outgrow the substrate introduced into the planting hole. For a fruit tree, moisture-consuming, cultivated loamy and sandy loam soils are preferred, the humus horizon of which is at least 20 cm. Acidity is from 5.0 to 6.5.

Planting pit preparation

For autumn planting, the selected area must be prepared in late spring or early summer. So the necessary elements introduced into the soil will mix naturally, and a favorable microbiological environment will arise for the roots of the seedling. During digging for every 1m² add:

• compost 6 kg,
• superphosphate 60 g;
• potassium salt 30 g.

The development of the seedling depends on the quality of the planting pit., which will receive nutrition from the substrate it contains in the first years after planting. The depth of the pit should be 60 cm; the tap roots of the pear grow to this size in the first 2 years. The diameter of the pit is 80-100 cm on average.

The pit walls should be vertical to ensure correct soil shrinkage. When digging a hole, it is necessary to divide the excavated soil into two parts. Surface soil will be used during planting, the bottom will not be useful. After that, stepping back 30 cm from the center of the pit, it is necessary to stick a stake with a height of 1.5-2 m, a seedling will be tied to it.

The composition of the soil mixture for filling the planting hole:

• compost 2 buckets;
• river sand 2 buckets;
• superphosphate 30 g;
• potassium sulfate 20 g

The rest is supplemented with prepared surface soil. If the soil is acidic, add 300-500 g of limestone.

In a hole prepared in advance, the soil will settle by the time of planting... This prevents soil shrinkage after planting a seedling, which leads to a deepening of the root collar, and as a result, to improper development of the tree as a whole.

Seedling selection and preparation for planting in September

To be completely confident in the quality of the planting material, it is better to purchase a seedling in nurseries and garden centers. In the fall, seedlings with an open root system are mainly sold.

You can determine a high-quality seedling by its external characteristics:

• The central root must have at least 30 cm and 4-5 branches with a large number of overgrown roots. The roots should be firm and not overdried without mechanical damage, traces of rot and painful compaction.
• It is important to pay attention to the proportionality of the roots and crown. If the seedling has a large surface part and there is no mass of overgrowing roots, this indicates a violation of the digging technology.
• A healthy seedling has an evenly developed crown and pronounced skeletal branches. The bark is dense without traces of flaking, swelling and cracks. By the state of the outer part, one can also judge the strength of the seedling with a closed root system.

Before planting, the seedling must be inspected again. If traces of damage or rot are found, they should be removed. This is done only with a sharp pruner, the cuts should be transverse. Roots should not be cut unnecessarily. Especially overgrown roots, it is they that bear the main load on the absorption of water and nutrients.

If the roots of the tree are dry, they need to be kept in water for 12-24 hours. Before planting, the roots of the seedling must be dipped in a solution of clay, mullein and water (1: 2: 5) and dry for 30 minutes. All leaves on the seedling must be removed.

How to plant a seedling outdoors: a step-by-step guide

Next up is a step-by-step guide to planting a pear. Focusing on the size of the roots in the planting pit, it is necessary to dig a depression and form a dense mound. Such a height that after placing a seedling on it, the root collar of the tree remains 5 cm above the ground level. The roots of the tree are evenly distributed over the mound. It is necessary to ensure that there are no bends upward, this leads to growth retardation and poor provision of the seedling with moisture.

When backfilling the root system with a substrate, it is important to control the formation of voids. For this, the seedling is periodically shaken. After that, the soil must be tamped tightly. The seedling is tied to the stake with soft material; the use of twine and wire is unacceptable.

After that, a hole is made around the trunk, and the seedling is watered with 2-3 buckets of warm water. The near-stem circle is mulched with peat or sawdust.

Proper preparation of a young pear for winter

A pear seedling needs the help of a gardener to survive the winter. It is necessary to group all the branches of the tree together and fasten tightly to the stake. Check the mulch layer again, its thickness should be 30 cm.

It is important to protect the trunk of a young pear from frost damage. This must be done before December, the border of autumn and winter is characterized by sharp changes in temperature. This leads to the appearance of frostbites, which destroy the cambium, the main structure that supports the vital activity of the tree.

Cotton cloth or other covering materials that allow air to pass through work well to protect the barrel. They are wrapped around the trunk of a tree.

You can treat the trunk of a young pear with a mixture of mullein and clay (1: 1), the pungent smell of which will scare away rodents. Experienced gardeners wrap the trunk of the seedling with a fine mesh.

Snow, known for its thermal insulation properties, will help the seedling to winter well. Therefore, it is necessary to pull it up to the tree as much as possible. It should be borne in mind that different amounts of precipitation fall out in Siberia and the Urals. Therefore, the preparation of the pear for winter will be slightly different in these regions.

How to transplant an adult pear to a new location?

Now let's talk about transplanting a pear to a new place. An adult pear painfully tolerates a transplant. This process is especially destructive for trees over 15 years old; they are not recommended to be replanted. This is distinguished by the fact that the pear has a pivotal root system, which is very deep. therefore the pear is transplanted only when urgently needed.

Digging an adult pear

Preparations for the autumn transplant of an adult tree must begin in the spring. To minimize the stress level for the fruit tree, you must adhere to certain rules:

• spring excavation along the perimeter of the crown with chopping off the counter roots;
• in the fall, before planting, the periosteal circle is abundantly shed;
• for trees up to 5 years old, the near-stem circle is dug in a circle at a distance of 0.7 m from the trunk, forming a cone-shaped earthen lump 70 cm deep (for older trees 130 cm from the trunk and 1 m deep);
• around the earthen coma and to its entire depth, a trench 50 cm wide is dug;
• roots that go beyond the earthen cone are cut off, and those that go into the depths are cut with a sharp shovel;
• the tree is taken out with an earthen lump and laid on cellophane, which is tightly tied around the trunk.

If the pear is to be transported, the roots are laid on a layer of sawdust, this minimizes their damage during shaking. Now you know when you can transplant the pear to another place.

Transplanting and caring for a tree

A prepared pit for planting an adult pear should be 40 cm wider and deeper than an earthen coma. A substrate of fertile soddy soil and humus (peat) is laid on its bottom, tamped well.

With respect to the cardinal points, the pear is positioned similarly to the previous place. The tree in the planting pit is set taking into account the root collar, it should not go deep. The gap between the walls of the pit is covered with an earthen lump with fertile soil and tamped.

The sapling must be watered generously, covered with soil and covered with soil around the trunk. Before the winter season, it is necessary to protect the tree from frost damage.

After the transplanted pear comes out of dormancy and before the buds swell, it is important to carry out anti-aging pruning. A greatly reduced root system of a tree will not be able to provide the previous vegetative mass with the necessary nutrition. In the branches of trees up to 5 years old, a 2-3-year growth is cut off, and in older ones from 3-5 years.

Pear care must be carried out both in spring and summer. In the first half of summer, the tree is fertilized with a solution of nitrophoska (250 ml) and water (10 l). For foliar feeding, a 0.3% urea solution is used. In dry weather, the tree should be watered regularly. It is not worth pruning the pear before August in the summer.

In the first year, the transplanted pear will show a minimal increase, but in subsequent years the tree will develop according to the standard regime.

And finally, we suggest watching a video on how to plant a pear in the fall: