Description of the variety of plum red Ural

Red Ural plum variety was deduced by the selector K.K Mullayanov.

The plant is well adapted for growing in the Ural region and has good frost resistance. All varieties of the Ural plums are distinguished by their early maturity and productivity.

Red Ural plum refers to varieties of medium early ripening... The trees are about three meters high. The plant has a lush spreading crown, medium level of foliage. The tree has a strong, healthy appearance.

The fruits of the red plum are small, weighing only 15 grams. Plum has an oval isosceles shape, with a weakly pronounced seam... The seam is prone to cracking.

The base and middle of the fruit are rounded, the apex is slightly pointed. Outside, the plum is dark red, but the flesh is yellowish.

It has a fine fiber structure. The skin separates well from the pulp. Red plum has a juicy sweet taste, the acidity level is low.

Ural variety of red plum was bred by Chelyabinsk breeders at the beginning of the XXI century... This type of plum was produced from a hybrid cherry plum family.

Plant able to withstand even severe frosts... It is ideally adapted for life in the harsh Ural climate.

Dignity

Red Ural plum is the best pollinator for all other varieties of plums that are grown in the Urals.

In addition, it has a number of other advantages, including:

• frost resistance, the plant is able to withstand severe frosts;
• yield, from one tree, under favorable conditions, you can remove up to 30 or even more kilograms per season;
• the plant is not demanding on pollinators, partially self-pollinated;
• the tree has a good immunity to diseases, including clasterosporium disease, which is the enemy of all horticultural crops;
• aphids rarely grow on the plant.

All these benefits make the red plum variety popular with gardeners.

Planting, reproduction

In order for the plum to grow well and bear fruit, during planting, some important rules should be considered... This is especially true when choosing a place for planting seedlings.

Red plum is adapted to grow in harsh conditions, and yet, for its landing, it is required to choose southern, well-illuminated places... The best place would be on a hill.

The soil for this plant must be neutral and fertile. Increased acidity will adversely affect in the future on the fertility and productivity of the crop.

The more fertile the soil, the better the plant will take root and will provide a rich harvest in the future.

Plum is very demanding on moisture and poorly tolerates drought... Therefore, it needs to be watered once every two weeks, depending on weather conditions.

but do not overfill the plant... If there is too much moisture, the tree may stop growing.

Plum propagation carried out in different ways:

• cuttings;
• vaccination;
• in a vegetative way;
• undergrowth.

The best time to plant plums is early spring... The seedlings are planted in March or April.

Landing pits are prepared in advance. This is done in the fall, but you can start preparing the planting hole two weeks before planting the plant.

The depth of the planting pit should be about 60 cm, its diameter has approximately the same dimensions. The contents of the pit are mixed with fertilizers; humus and peat are suitable for these purposes.

This mixture is laid out on the bottom of the hole in advance, since the soil should have time to settle a little. You do not need to use fresh manure, it can burn young plant roots.

Before boarding it is very important to have a good look at all the trees... Particular attention is paid to the state of the horse system, it must be well developed. The roots should not be overdried.

Saplings with damaged roots will not take root well, it is highly likely that they will die.

It is important to pay attention to the trunk too.... It shouldn't have any split. The bark of the seedling should also not be damaged.

In the process of planting, the seedling is lowered into the hole so that so that the root collar rises above the ground at a distance of 5-7 centimeters... Then the tree is covered with earth without fertilizers.

A little more soil is added directly under the plant. Then the ground is lightly tamped, since there should be no air near the roots. This will negatively affect the condition of the roots.

After planting, the tree will need to be watered abundantly... The next watering will need to be done in two weeks. After watering, the soil must be mulched.

Before planting, you can drive a peg into the center of the hole, to which the plant can be fixed, placing it on the north side of the peg.

Care

A young tree does not require additional feeding. Everything, that will need to be done in the first years of the plant's life - this is pruning... It is produced in the spring, preferably in April or May. This procedure is aimed at forming the crown.

Annual seedlings in the first year of life are shortened up to about 70 centimeters. A year later, the conductor is trimmed; it should be 20 cm higher than the side branches.

Another pruning will be required in a year., during which a third of the length of the branches is cut off, the conductor must still lead.

How to properly trim a plum:

Same will need to shed plantspouring three to six buckets under one tree.

The next top dressing is carried out in the summer, after flowering., apply mineral and organic fertilizers. You can also feed plums in this way in the fall, so that they gain strength and prepare for wintering.

When fertilizing the following rules are required:

1. The soil around the tree must be loosened.
2. The plant will need organic fertilizers once every four years, mineral fertilizers - once every three years.
3. One square meter requires about 12 kg of organic fertilizers.
4. Nitrogen fertilizers are needed only in the spring.
5. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers are usually applied in the fall.

Plum will need prepare appropriately for winter... This will require removing dead bark and moss from the branches.

Inspect the trees for wounds and damage, if any, they will have to be treated with copper sulfate and garden pitch.

Adult plums do not require special preparation for winter. It will be enough mulch the trunk circle with an admixture of peat... Under the covering material, seedlings can rot, it is better not to use it.

Protection against aphids and diseases

Ural red plum is not very susceptible to such a dangerous disease for fruit plants as clasterosporium disease.

And yet, it is necessary to carry out prevention against this and some other ailments that are dangerous for cultivated plants.

Such diseases include:

• gray rot;
• fruit rot;
• sooty fungus;
• moniliosis;
• gum flow;
• milky shine.

To protect the plant from disease damage, you will need to first take preventive measures:

1. It is necessary to thin out the foliage, it is very important not to allow it to thicken. In the fall, after all the leaves have fallen off, they must be removed and burned.
2. Affected leaves and plant parts must be removed.
3. After 2 - 3 weeks, the plant is treated with Bordeaux liquid for preventive purposes, this treatment can be done before flowering.
4. All wounds and injuries that appear on the plum tree need to be treated. Dead bark must be removed.

Many pests are dangerous for plums.... The most common of which are:

• plum and apple moths;
• goldtail;
• ringed silkworm;
• plum aphid;
• hawthorn.

All stone fruit crops are susceptible to aphids. To avoid trouble, it is necessary take care of preventive measures in advance.

For this:

• tree trunks are treated with lime;
• prevent the formation of vegetation under fruit trees;
• parsley, dill and coriander repel aphids, they can be planted near plum trees;
• spray the plants with Hom or Bordeaux liquid before and after flowering.

Timely preventive measures will help to avoid diseases and harmful insects.

Ural red plum is one of the best varietiesbred by Chelyabinsk breeders. It is well adapted to harsh climatic conditions and has many advantages.