Description and pollinators of the cherry variety Fatezh

Sweet cherry is a rather capricious culture, and until recently it seemed that it was impossible to grow it in central Russia. But the Fatezh variety is distinguished by increased frost resistance and drought resistance.

Description of the cherry variety Fatezh

Cherry varieties Fatezh were bred in 2001 by breeder A.I. Evstratov on the basis of the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery. Free pollination of Leningrad yellow was used as a breeding method.

This variety is zoned for the Central region, perfect for the Moscow region. The frost resistance of cherries allows it to survive the changeable climate of central Russia, but Fatezh will not be able to withstand the harsh cold of Siberia. The buds of the tree have the least frost resistance.

The trees reach a height of 3-5 meters. The crown is spherical, rounded, spreading, branches grow either at right angles or directed downward. Shoots are straight, thick, brown colored.

The leaves are large in size, distinguished by a pointed, elongated shape. At the edges, the leaf is framed with fine serration. The surface is smooth, glossy, dark green.

Fatezh cherry flowers are white. Heart-shaped ovaries are formed on annual shoots and bouquet twigs.

This variety belongs to the medium early, the first harvest can be obtained as early as 4-5 years of the tree's life. The fruits reach full maturity in mid-July. From a young tree, whose age does not exceed 10 years, up to 30 kg of berries are obtained, then this figure increases to 50 kg.

Fruit characteristics

The berries of the Fatezh cherry are round in shape, rather large, on average, their weight varies from 4 to 6 grams. The skin is smooth, shiny, red-yellow in color. The pulp of such berries is dense, juicy, light pink in color. The stone is easily separated from the pulp, has an oval shape and a light shade.

The taste of the fruit is sweet and sour. The tasting score is 4.5-4.7 points. Fatezh berries are distinguished by a long shelf life and good transportability. Also, during heat treatment, the skin of the fruit does not crack.

Advantages and disadvantages

• The tree grows quickly and begins to yield crops as early as the 4th-5th year of life;
• In adulthood, Fatezh cherry can bring up to 50 kg of harvest:
• Increased frost resistance:
• Immunity to fungal diseases;
• Such berries tolerate transportation well, can be stored for a long time, moreover, they have an excellent taste.

• The tree is self-fertile and needs a pollinator to reproduce the crop;
• Tendency to gum flow.

Planting and leaving

Before planting cherries on your site, you need to choose the right seedling. In order for the tree to quickly take root in a new place, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• It is best to purchase seedlings from proven nurseries.located in the area where cultivation is planned. Otherwise, the plant will have to go through the acclimatization process.
• The main indicator of the health of a seedling is a powerful, branched root system.The cut must have a light beige color;
• The crown of the seedling should consist of 3-4 branches, about 40 centimeters long;
• Saplings at the age of 1-2 years are most likely to successfully take root.

Choosing the right place for landing is the key to a successful landing.

• Cherry Fatezh needs good lighting and protection from gusty winds. It is best to choose the southern or southwestern sides of the site.
• Also, this variety grows well in the hills, but not in the hills. You can raise the ground level yourself by sprinkling a layer of earth by 50 centimeters.
• In order to avoid stagnation of moisture, it is recommended to choose places with deep groundwater.

A planting pit for cherries has been prepared since autumn, so that the soil can infuse during wintering. The pits are pulled out at a distance of 3 meters from each other, their diameter is 80 centimeters, and the depth is 50-60. Then the bottom is loosened and 2 buckets of humus mixed with the upper, fertile layer of soil are poured there.

Before planting in the pit, add:

• 1 kilogram of ash;
• 400 grams of superphosphate;
• 100 grams of sodium sulfate.

When planting cherries, gardeners usually adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

1. To begin with, a peg is installed, which will serve as a support for the seedling.
2. In the center of the pit, you need to build a mound and place a seedling on it, carefully spreading the roots.
3. Then the tree is tied to a support and carefully covered with earth, gradually ramming it. The root collar should be 3-5 centimeters above ground level.
4. At the final stage, a roller is built from the ground and the cherries are watered abundantly, then the soil is mulched with peat or humus.

Growing conditions

1. Watered cherries 3 times per season, 30-40 liters of water is consumed for a young tree, and 50-60 liters for an adult.

2. Pruning.

• Cherry Fatezh is distinguished by active growth of shoots, and in order for the crown not to become very thickened, it must be cut off annually. This procedure is carried out in the spring, before the buds begin to swell on the tree. Annual branches are cut by 1/5 part.
• After the tree reaches 5 years of age, the phase of intensive growth will stop, and during the formation of the crown, it will be necessary to remove branches growing inside the crown or unnecessarily thickening shoots.
• In the fall, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning, during which all diseased, dry or damaged branches will be removed.

3. Cherry Fatezh, like other trees, needs timely and proper feeding.

• Before budding under the tree, you need to add 2 tablespoons of carbamide, potassium sulfate and the mineral complex "Agricole", diluted in 20 liters of water.
• After flowering, cherries need strength to ripen the harvest. The trunk circle is watered with 30 liters of water with 6 tablespoons of mineral fertilizer and 6 glasses of organic fertilizer.
• After harvesting, 200 grams of superphosphate, 100 grams of mineral fertilizers and 100 grams of potassium sulfate are poured under each tree, then the cherries are watered abundantly.
• During the appearance of flower buds, the crown is sprayed with a growth stimulant.

4. Fatezh also needs regular weeding and loosening of the soil.

Cherry propagation

High-quality reproduction of cherries, that is, with the preservation of all the characteristics of the desired variety, is possible only by grafting. When a tree is grown from seed, it will not inherit the characteristics of the parent tree.

Most often, cherries are grafted onto cherries, but in this case, the stock, that is, the tree on which the grafting is done, must be stable and hardy. You can also graft on cherries, this method is very popular among gardeners, because in most cases it ends with success, moreover, it becomes possible to harvest different crops from one tree.

Cherry grafting can be done from early March to mid-September. When carrying out the procedure, you need to calculate the time so that the vaccine has time to take root before the onset of cold weather... The best time is considered to be the spring period, when active sap flow occurs in the rootstock.

There are several ways of grafting cherries, but the best results are obtained by grafting by copulation (cuttings).

To carry out grafting by copulation, it is necessary that the stock and the scion are of the same thickness. Cuttings that do not exceed 2 years old take root best.

• On the prepared shoots, an oblique cut is made with a sharp knife, about 3 centimeters long.
• In the center of these cuts, tongues (clefts) are made, which will allow the cuttings to connect tightly.
• The fastened stock and graft are wrapped with electrical tape, tape, plastic wrap or other similar material.
• Then a plastic bag is put on the grafted stalk and tied just below the graft site. The tree should be in this state for 2 weeks. During this time, the vaccine should take root and all auxiliary materials can be removed.

Features of this variety

1. The main distinguishing feature will be the color of the cherry berries "Fatezh", it differs significantly from other popular varieties of such trees. Instead of the usual burgundy or purple color, the fruits have a light red tint with yellow spots.
2. Fatezh also differs in its crown, which has a spherical shape, and the branches grow downward. This structure is not typical for cherry trees.
3. The growth of the tree most often stops at around 3 meters, while other varieties, on average, grow up to 4.5-5 meters.
4. The yield of the variety remains at the highest level, an adult tree can bear up to 50 kilograms of fruit.

Diseases and pests

The cherry variety Fatezh is distinguished by good resistance to pests and many diseases, in particular to moniliosis and coccomycosis. But such trees are prone to gum flow.

Gum is a thick, amber-colored, sticky substance that is released from the bark of a tree. There are several reasons for its appearance:

• Wounds and injuries on the tree;
• Not neat pruning of branches;
• Freezing;
• Pests;
• Excessive amount of moisture;
• Fungal diseases;
• An excess of nitrogen fertilizers or phytohormones.

As a preventive measure, you need to keep the old bark on the tree, because it is she who serves as reliable protection. It is also recommended to carry out the spring and autumn whitewashing of the trunk, it will help to avoid the appearance of sunburn. And to protect cherries from the winter cold and the appearance of cracks, winding skeletal branches and a trunk with paper or matting will help.

If the disease does appear, the wound is cleaned with a knife until a healthy area appears, then this place is disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate and a thin layer of nigrol putty is applied with clean hands.

Fatezh is a godsend for a gardener who wants to grow cherries in central Russia. This variety is distinguished by good resistance and unpretentiousness to the climate. In addition, its fruits are distinguished by excellent taste and are excellent for commercial activities.