History of breeding varieties

Today we will talk about three varieties of plums: Morning, Yakhontovaya and Malakhovskaya. These varieties, like others, are characterized by various forms of roots, leaves, the appearance of the fruit, and many other factors. A detailed description can be found below.

The history of the emergence of the Morning variety begins at the All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery by crossing the varieties Skorospelka Krasnaya and Renklod Ullensa. In turn, Yakhontovaya bred by selection Eurasia-21 and Smolinka. In the period 1971-2007, there was bred Malakhovskaya plum in Michurinsky Garden among others.

Description of varieties, advantages and disadvantages

Every gardener will be interested in the advantages and disadvantages of the variety before planting.

• The benefits of Morning include self-reliance. (do not form ovaries after pollination of flowers of their own variety with pollen), regularity of fruiting, rapid maturation, resistance to pests and diseases. There are much fewer disadvantages: susceptibility to cold weather.
• Yakhontova considers cold resistance as advantages., which allows her to endure the winter at times easier (tolerates minus twenty-eight to thirty degrees of frost) than it is given, for example, Morning, has a higher yield and quality of the fruits themselves, bears fruit regularly on an annual growth, bouquet branches and spurs, large fruits , the bone easily lags behind the fetus. No flaws found.
• Malakhovskaya blue, like the previous variety, has good frost resistance, has high-quality fruits, which regularly abundantly please the tree of its owners. There are no disadvantages of the variety.

Favorable landing regions

The Central Morning is considered a favorable region for landing.... Based on the foregoing, in areas such as Siberia, the cultivation of this variety is impossible. In the rest, it is approximately the same, which will be discussed further. For the other two varieties universal landing zone, which cannot but be called a plus.

Planting seedlings and further care of the plum

Morning

Seedlings are planted in early spring... They are planted in a pit fifty sixty centimeters deep and about eighty to ninety centimeters in diameter. The landing site should be in direct sunlight. The most readily available fertilizer for this variety will be manure.... We take fifteen kilograms of it. Not fresh at all! First, it must be "processed" at the stake. To this we add half a kilogram of double superphosphate or one kilogram of ordinary one, one hundred grams of potassium chloride or a kilogram of wood ash.

The soil should be loosened and moist. To receive the crown, the owners must prune your trees regularly... This includes removing dead, frozen, and branches that are blocking the growth of others. The same is advised to do with the roots of other plants that are in the vicinity of the tree.

Do not forget about watering, Morning loves moisture, especially in summer... Low trees up to two meters in height need three to four buckets weekly, and large trees require five or six buckets. Winter is the worst time for the variety.You can help the trees by covering them with earth and shaking off the snow from the branches, trampling it down at the roots.

Yakhontova

Also planted in early spring. The landing site must be well lit, the groundwater level must be lower than one and a half meters from the level of the soil surface... It is necessary to dig a hole eighty to ninety centimeters wide and fifty to sixty centimeters deep (as for the previous variety). After that, a seedling is placed and filled with a mixture of sod land with organic and mineral fertilizers. The ratio should be as follows: fifteen kilograms of rotted manure (or compost), one kilogram of potassium chloride (or one kilogram of wood ash). Falling asleep all this, do not forget to shake the seedling and trample the ground at the roots. The root collar, according to the recommendations, must be at the level of three to five centimeters above the soil level. Dig a hole around our seedling and water it.

One or two buckets of water will be enough for watering. In order for the soil to retain moisture, it is treated with a solution of peat or humus. Our a young tree must be tied to a wooden stake, which we carefully install next to it, on the north side, so that the wind does not break the young plant.

Every year you need to fertilize the ground with urea. in a proportion of twenty grams per square meter, and after the plum begins to bear fruit, add ten to fifteen kilograms of rotted manure (compost), twenty-five grams of urea, two hundred grams of wood ash. Urea and nitrogen fertilizers should be used in the spring, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, respectively, in the fall.

Sometimes slaked lime is used in a percentage of four hundred to eight hundred grams per square meter. Taking care of the plum, they create approximately the following proportions for it: twenty-five to forty centimeters trunk and crown, consisting of five to seven branches, placed in the most beautiful and natural way.

From time to time it is worth pruning branches, removing unnecessary forks, changing the direction of growth to obtain the desired result in the form of a crown. An important point to note is that after three to four years after entering fruiting, remove the branch above the first upper well-developed lateral branch to obtain a crown in the form of a bowl... This is necessary to enrich the tree with sufficient sunlight. When cutting, all knots are removed.

Malakhovskaya

For planting this variety digging a hole sixty by sixty by sixty centimeters... Pour one kilogram of superphosphate there, a glass of slaked lime, two buckets of humus (three to four years of debate), stirring is prohibited.

The seedling is planted so that the package in which our seedling was was equal to the ground level on the site. In the same way as, and Yakhontova, we tie the seedling to the stake. For care, it is advised to process with hom, Bordeaux mixture, chorus, soon, alatar, kinimix, inta-vir, feed three years after planting with fertika, Azofosky, uniflor and others. Every year we process two to four hundred grams of slaked lime, cut the trees every year.

Plum propagation

The reproduction process at plums occurs in several ways:

• by planting seeds (for obtaining seedlings);
• inoculation: shoots for grafting are bought or cut;

• root shoots: chop the root in autumn and plant it separately;
• root cuttings: We dig up the roots at a distance of one to one and a half meters, in April they are planted under a film, watered, and the next winter they are planted in the garden.

Diseases and pests

Let's start with Morning... The variety is resistant to fruit rot, clasterosporium disease. This variety is more susceptible to attack by pests such as aphids and moths... It is recommended to dig up the soil under the crowns before the buds bloom, cut and burn branches affected by pests. If the same thing happened with the fruits, you need to destroy them, and then treat the trees with one percent Bordeaux liquid or nitrafen.

Yakhontovoy are dangerous moniliosis, clestosporium... Of the pests of aphids, moths, sawflies. The recommendations are the same. In case you find "burnt" flowers - destroy the shoot. I advise you to use Iskra Bio and Inta-vir preparations.

Conclusion

From all the information that has been provided here, a short conclusion can be drawn. Of all three varieties, it is difficult to choose the most ideal one at all points: Morning does not tolerate cold weather, Yakhontovaya and Malakhovskaya are susceptible to various pests. It all depends on your preferences in terms of the characteristics of the fruits, price and others, which we did not stipulate here. Do not forget about the timing of planting. When choosing a variety, take into account also the specifics of your region, because it can become decisive in the end. I wish you success and a generous harvest.