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Every gardener understands that after fruiting, in late summer - early autumn, fruit trees need rest, pruning, and recuperation for the upcoming wintering. Helping them gain strength for the future harvest is the task of people, but you need to know exactly what top dressing and when it is best to apply for plums in the soil in the fall, so as not to harm garden crops.
Fruiting trees directly depends on proper care and nutrition. During the spring-summer period, the tree is depleted, giving all its strength to the harvest, and therefore the autumn feeding absolutely necessary and is the key to next year's harvest. Plum is no exception to the general rule; it also needs a number of essential nutrients.
To the bush wintered well, saved as many eyes as possible, you need to add a set of necessary substances in the fall. If this is not done, you can be late with spring feeding - the tree will not survive the winter and may lose some of the fruit-bearing branches.
Timing to fertilize in autumn
When is the best time to apply fertilizers, and which ones? First of all, it should be noted that if the plum was planted according to all the rules and the necessary substances were introduced during planting, first three years young seedling no need to feed.
If the tree is already bearing fruit, then you need to fertilize Every year... Everything that is brought under the tree is placed in the near-stem holes, along a radius of 1.5 meters, and around the young seedlings - in a ring, departing from the trunk 15-25 cm.
In order for the root system to have time to assimilate all the nutrients, it is necessary to feed a month before the onset of cold weather.
How to feed plums in autumn
Organic fertilizers
Fruiting plums and young seedlings that have reached the age of three must first of all be supplied with a sufficient amount of organic fertilizers - rotted manure, compost... They have a beneficial effect on both the soil structure and the tree itself:
- nourish the root system well, restore its vitality;
- have a beneficial effect on growth;
- help to increase the yield;
- prevent soil mineralization, keeping the structure "alive" and loose.
Fresh manure cannot be used in autumn, and rotted (humus) is distributed around the trunk at the rate of 7-8kg / 1sq.m, soil loosen by 15-20 cm... Pig manure and poultry droppings are best set aside until spring, as they contain a large amount of nitrogen.
Very often it is recommended to apply urea to the same area along with humus - no more than 20 g, since rotted manure loses most of the nitrogen.
Wood ash
Ordinary ash, especially from the combustion of deciduous trees, straw is the cheapest balanced mineral fertilizer.
For 1 sq. M is enough 250g ash... To reduce acidity, and significantly increase the yield of plums, the introduction of a mixture will help - 1 bucket of humus + 1 glass of fluff (lime) evenly distribute around the tree, loosen the soil and water.
Potassium-phosphorus
Potassium is necessary for the plum just before winter, since promotes fluid excretion, thereby increasing frost resistance.There is a lot of it in manure with rotted straw bedding; it can also be applied in its pure form, diluted with water at the rate of 30 g per 1 sq. M.
The phosphorus of the plum must have time to accumulate enough before the next harvest, so it must be applied in the fall. This trace element strengthens the root system and promotes the accumulation of sugar and protein in tree sap. For this, bone meal is used - 50g / 1sq.m.
Superphosphates
These fertilizers contain several useful elements that plums need in the fall: phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, permissible amount of nitrogen... They are also convenient because they easily dissolve in water and are introduced as a liquid top dressing: dilute 250-300g in 10 liters, add at the rate of 60g / 1sq.m. The dose of superphosphate is halved.
Together with phosphate fertilizer, you can apply potassium magnesium - 100-120g for each tree. Potassium and magnesium contribute to the normal development of young shoots and fruits. The lack of elements will be indicated by the red-brown color of the plum leaves.
The tree needs calcium for the development and growth of its root system. The superphosphate fertilizer contains a sufficient amount of it. On acidic soils, it can be applied as an independent feeding, since it contributes to a balanced accumulation of iron and manganese in the soil - the main sources of the oxidation process.
Calcium sulfate, nitrate or chloride diluted with water in the amount of 25g / 10l. By the way, if you used lime to deoxidize the soil, then this will also be enough (after all, lime is calcium carbonate).
To protect the plum from fungal infections and other diseases, you need to feed it iron... Foliar dressing will be the most effective - you just need to spray it with a solution of ferrous sulfate.
Dolomite flour
Dolomite flour is added together with fluff lime or ash. She's well reduces soil acidity, supplies plenty of calcium and magnesium.
The state of the tree will tell you what it needs. Only organic matter can be introduced under young trees in the fall, and the rest - gradually, in the form of one-time dressings. Up to three components are added under adult plums, along with compost or humus. The soil must be loosened well and watered abundantly. After that, the ground around the tree is mulched.
After this preparation, your trees will be protected throughout the winter and will produce a wonderful harvest next year.
