Features of planting spring garlic in spring in Siberia and the Urals
Experienced gardeners have repeatedly surprised everyone with the results of growing root crops, which are not typical for regions with a harsh climate. One of these is garlic. It is quite possible to cultivate it on the site, if you follow the simple rules for disembarkation and care. In this review, we will talk about the features of planting spring garlic in the spring and growing it in Siberia.
Timing for planting summer garlic in Siberia
Garlic belongs to frost-resistant plants, it can withstand severe winters under a thick layer of snow and is not afraid of frost. But in a snowless season, the planting material may freeze out. therefore in Siberia, the Urals and the Leningrad Region, preference is given to spring planting.
Winter varieties must be planted between 15 September to 5 October. Sowing must be completed 3-5 weeks before the onset of frost, so that the root system can form. In this case, it is important that the shoots do not have time to break through to the surface of the soil, otherwise the plant will die.
Spring disembarkation begins in late April - early May. The optimal temperature regime for the initial stage of the growing season is considered to be a range of plus values from 5 to 10 degrees. The duration of ripening and yield depend on the storage conditions of the planting material.... Faster on the surface of the soil are shoots formed from the cloves stored in a cold way (at a temperature of 0 ° -3 °). However, the heads are small in size, and in hot and dry weather, one-teeth are often formed. This method does not differ in yield. Garlic ripens 25-40 days later, kept warm (at a temperature of 20 ° -25 °). The heads of such plants are large with large denticles. To accelerate ripening, it is necessary to prepare the planting material for planting: soak, germinate and plant.
Benefits of planting spring garlic in spring
In temperate climates, autumn planting in open ground has advantages over autumn planting. For growing crops in Siberia, spring varieties are more suitable, which must be planted in the spring after the daytime positive temperature has been established. This approach is due to a decrease in the risks of freezing of planting material due to severe frosts and the absence of a snow layer. In addition, plants are less demanding on the soil, you can get a good harvest on light and medium loamy types of soil.
Undoubtedly the advantage of spring planting is the high resistance of summer garlic to diseases of bulbous crops and insect pests... And seedlings are formed amicably with approximately the same development. Also, bald spots on the beds are excluded, which have arisen due to the freezing of individual teeth.
Planting material preparation: soaking and processing
The quality of the harvest of garlic, like onion, depends in particular on the preparatory work, therefore, planting material should be selected responsibly. When choosing garlic, you should pay attention to whether the head belongs to a winter or spring variety. How can you tell them apart? The head of the winter crop is elastic to the touch with a dense shell. In the middle there is a rod, around which the teeth are located.The shell of the spring variety is thin, reminiscent of parchment. The denticles are arranged in rows without a central core. An exception is the Gulliver variety, which forms an arrowhead.
The preparation consists of the following steps:
- split head into separate cloves;
- selection of whole and large, no signs of damage to the specimens;
- wrapping the cloves in a damp cloth for germination (for several days, the lump can be sent to the refrigerator on the lower shelf);
- soakin warm water for 10-12 hours;
- drying after soaking.
How to prepare the soil in spring and autumn
The soil must be prepared before planting. To do this, in the fall, fertilize the site with humus and minerals (40 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium chloride per 1 m2). If there was no opportunity to carry out the autumn work, need for 1-2 dig up the ground weeks before disembarkation, enrich it with humus or compost, loosen the clods well with a rake. A couple of days before planting, the place for the beds should be treated with saline.
Experienced gardeners do not recommend planting garlic in the same place; you need to give a break of 3-4 years. It is better to choose plots in the garden where zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkin were grown last season.
Correct planting in open ground
The culture is planted according to the scheme:
- interval between the rows - 20-25 cm;
- distance between the teeth - 6-10 cm.
It is not necessary to deepen the garlic far, 3-5 cm is enough. Otherwise, the shoots may germinate slowly or not appear at all on the surface of the soil. The bottom of the clove should be placed at the bottom of the hole, from which the root system will form. Before planting, the material germinated, so you should not press it hard into the ground so as not to damage the sprouts.
After deepening the cloves, you need to fill the bed with soil and introduce fertilizers. Most often, ammonium sulfate is used, which not only enriches the soil with nutrients, but also protects young shoots from pests.
Post-plant care and cultivation
Even an unpretentious plant needs proper care. This helps to increase yields and get quality roots with a long shelf life. For this, first of all, it is necessary to adjust the watering. Moisture is the main factor in the growing process, however, an overabundance of it can lead to rotting of the onion. Therefore, you should rely on the recommended irrigation rate carefully, taking into account the amount of precipitation, air humidity, soil type.
The average rate of water used for irrigation is 8-10 liters per 1 m2... Watering completely stops 20-25 days before harvesting root crops.
Fertilizers and groundbait are introduced twice during the growing season... Their number depends on the fertility of the soil. Chernozem practically does not need to be enriched. Other types of soil have less nutrients and therefore need fertilization.
The first groundbait is introduced after germination. If ammonium sulfate was not used immediately after planting, then after the sprouts have grown, it is high time to protect them from diseases and pests. In June, complex mineral fertilizers are used in the amount, according to the information from the instructions. It is also allowed to use a mixture of urea and potassium chloride (the components are taken in equal proportions).
To enrich the soil with oxygen, it is necessary to loosen. It is often combined with weeding, because weeds are a danger to the crop. The abundance of shade and the thickening of the beds become a place for insect pests to settle. And excess moisture can provoke head decay. During the growing season, 2-4 loosening and weeding procedures... You can reduce labor costs by mulching the beds. For these purposes, peat or sawdust is used. They cover the bed tightly, as a result of which the weeds make their way to the surface not so intensively, and the soil does not dry out.
An action plan prepared in advance will ensure timely care of the garlic, which guarantees a good harvest.
