Diseases of adult eggplants and seedlings

Among the favorite vegetables used for summer salads and winter preparations, eggplant is far from the last place. The nutritional value and unique flavor of the seasonings are highly regarded not only by professional chefs, but also by ordinary housewives. Therefore, many grow blue fruits in their gardens, but growing eggplant is troublesome and not every gardener can boast of a large harvest. Like other plants, eggplant and its seedlings are susceptible to various diseases. The article discusses the main ones, and also provides methods of struggle, including folk, with diseases.

The main diseases of eggplant and seedlings

Eggplant is a whimsical crop, and even with proper care, various diseases can infect the plants. Knowing what to do and how to deal with adversity, plus an instant reaction and the right treatment tools will help localize the problem and prevent pathogens from spreading throughout the site.

How to treat against late blight

Haraacterized by the formation of rusty spots on the leaves with a yellowish or pale green frame. The multiplying fungus attacks the stem. In rainy weather, a whitish bloom can be found on the lower part of the leaf, which is a sign of sporulation. As late blight develops, the fruits become infected, which become covered with brown spots and are deformed.

Existing drugs for late blight are divided into 2 types: for disease prevention and treatment. The most popular are products of biological origin: Baktofit, Fitosporin-M. If the treatment turned out to be ineffective, chemical solutions are used: Thanos, Acrobat, Ridomil Gold.

How to deal with tobacco mosaic

A viral disease, recognized by the characteristic spots on the leaves. Light green blotches are located near the veins, over time they grow and merge. At a later stage, the centers of the focus darken and die off. Underdeveloped fruits with low palatability are formed on the affected bushes.

As a preventive measure, the beds are sprayed once every 10 days with a milk solution (1 liter of milk and 20 grams of grated soap). No less effective are: Fitosporin and Uniflor-micro.

Fighting white rot

A fungal disease that occurs mainly due to excess moisture in the air and soil. The reason may also lie in cold weather when planting seedlings. The fungus attacks the root system of the eggplant, resulting in a whitish coating on the stem. Violation of the supply of nutrients and developing microorganisms lead to the death of the shoot.

As a preventive measure, it is recommended to dust the garden bed with wood ash or crushed chalk once every 10 days. If affected areas are identified, they must be removed and disposed of.

What to do with gray mold

It is recognized by the characteristic dark watery spots that cover the leaves, stem and even fruits.The ideal environment for the development of fungal infection is warm (+ 20 ° C) and high humidity (air and soil). Spores persist in the soil for 2 years, infecting subsequent crops, so it is important to carefully clean up plant waste from the garden and disinfect it.

The following agents are used for treatment: Thanos, Fundazol, Bayleton, Acrobat. If it is not possible to stop the reproduction of the fungus, then the bush must be removed from the site and disposed of by burning.

Black bacterial spot

The disease can be identified by black spots on the sheets and yellow edging. Over time, the affected area increases, convex areas with watery edges appear on the fruits. Vegetables covered with sores become unusable. The disease develops rapidly at high humidity and temperatures around + 30 ° C. The source of infection can be both seeds and soil, therefore, disinfection is carried out before planting.

As a prophylaxis and treatment, the beds are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, Hom, Oxyhom, Acrobat preparations.

Blackleg

Signs of the disease are: the formation of a constriction on the root collar and wilting of the plant. If a disease is detected, it is necessary to treat the bush with Trichodermin. If the treatment does not work, then the shoot is removed from the garden and burned. Subsequently, the soil must be disinfected in order to localize the affected area.

Blackleg is a fungal infection spread through contaminated seeds and soil.

The main pests are eggplant

Insect pests can also significantly reduce yields. The danger lies in the fact that the larvae and the parasites themselves easily survive the winter in plant debris and soil. Experienced gardeners do not in vain advise all seed material and soil to be disinfected before planting. By spending a minimum amount of time and money on preparation, you can avoid infection of young shoots and ripening fruits.

How to get rid of aphids

The danger of pests lies in their ability to infect not only young shoots, but also adult fruiting bushes. The parasite population is growing at an incredible rate, so there is no need to delay treatment. You can recognize the problem by the wilted look of the bush, twisted leaves, fallen ovaries.

Prevention:

• choice for planting a lighted and well-ventilated area;
• regulation of soil moisture;
• disinfection of seeds and soil before planting;
• destruction of weeds;
• removal of affected leaves.

Control measures

With a quick detection of aphids in the greenhouse, you can spray the plantings with an infusion of onion peels (tobacco dust, potato tops). If the affected area is significant enough, you cannot do without special preparations (Akarin, Fitoverm).

Spider mite

The habitat of the parasite is the lower part of the leaf. For the extraction of cell sap, the spider mite damages the leaves, tightening them with a net. The insect is gluttonous, so you should not hesitate with processing. In just a few days, he is able to destroy the bush.

Prevention:

• thorough cleaning of beds from debris and plant debris in the fall;
• digging up the soil before frost;
• timely weed control.

Control measures

In case of mass defeat, it is necessary to process the beds using special preparations: Neoron, Actellik, Confidor, etc. The procedure is repeated several times with an interval of 10 days.

Whitefly

Whitefly larvae pose a danger to eggplant. They are laid by an insect on the back of the leaf. The leaves look wilted at first, after which they dry out and fall off. The larvae drink the juice intensively, depriving the plant of its strength.

Prevention:

• disinfection of the site and seeds;
• timely weed control.

Control measures

This can be done using the means: Citkor, Actellik, Fufanon.

Knowledge helps to quickly recognize the symptoms of a particular problem, which will give an opportunity to buy time to solve it. Then the hopes for a bountiful harvest will not be illusory.