Proper cultivation and care of Savoy cabbage outdoors

Savoy cabbage was developed by Italian breeders in the late 18th century and became widespread in Europe in the 21st century. With proper care, growing it is not difficult.

Savoy cabbage characteristics

This vegetable crop is a head of cabbage with bright green tender, soft leaves. The head of cabbage is not dense, has no coarse veins. Delicate and spicy taste well suited for salads and cutlets. Not used for pickling and salting.

In the first year of growth, a small rosette weighing from 0.5 kg to 1.2 kg... The next year, the head grows up to 3 kg, the leaves become soft. The taste becomes more pronounced.

The stem throws out inflorescences with seeds, which are subsequently used to grow seedlings. If stored properly, it can be used as a seed, up to 5 years.

Dignity

Contains:

• crude protein - 1.7-4%;
• vitamin C - 2–90 mg;
• vitamin P - 4–3 mg;
• vitamin A - 0.3-0.7 mg;
• sugar - 4-7%;
• mineral salts - 0.85%.

Savoy cabbage frost-resistant, has a high resistance to diseases and pests. Easily tolerates lack of moisture.

Flaws

Among the disadvantages of savoy cabbage are the following:

• this vegetable can not be eaten with an ulcer, gastritis, duodenal disease, thyroid disease;
• causes increased gas formation.

Varieties

Early varieties

• Jubilee 2170;
• Vienna - early 1346;
• Julius F1.

Mid-season

• Melissa F1;
• Sphere;

Late

• Verosa F1, Ovasa F1;
• Morama F1.

Seed preparation for growing

For 20 minutes fill them with hot water (not lower than +60 degrees), after that they are immersed in very cold water for 3 minutes, and then the seeds are soaked for 14 hours in a solution of trace elements.

After soaking, the seeds are placed in the refrigerator for a period of 22 to 24 hours. This will increase frost resistance and seed germination will be maintained for 5 years.

Sowing

Seeds are planted in the beginning of March... For planting seeds, it is necessary to prepare special soil. In wooden boxes in equal proportions, mix turf soil with sand and peat. Spill the prepared soil with a weak solution of manganese.

It is not recommended to use garden soil to grow cabbage. It can contain infections that can damage crops.

Sow seeds from a distance 1 cm... Row spacing not less than 3 cm, groove depth 1 cm... The grooves are covered with earth. The boxes are covered with foil or glass on top.

It is necessary to maintain the room temperature at least 18 degrees. Before the first shoots appear, the soil should be well watered. After the emergence of shoots, open the boxes and reduce the temperature in the room to 15 degrees during the day and 8 degrees at night.

On day 7, thinning should be performed so that the distance between the shoots is 2 cm.In order for the seedlings to grow strong, they need a lot of light. The seedlings should be exposed to light for at least 14 hours.For this you can use an ultraviolet lamp.

The water should be slightly lukewarm. After watering, you need to loosen the ground so that there is no stagnation of water. After 2 weeks, the seedlings should be dived. The roots are shortened by 1/3 and transplanted into peat cups.

Top dressing of seedlings

Initially, feeding should be done, when two leaves appear on the seedlings... The solution is prepared as follows:

• water - 1 liter;
• complex fertilizer - 0.5 teaspoon.

Spray the leaves with this solution. Repeat feeding after two weeks.

For feeding you need:

• water - 1 liter;
• superphosphate - 4 grams;
• saltpeter - 3-4 grams;
• potash fertilizers - 4–5 grams.

Hardening

14 days before disembarkation seedlings in the soil must be hardened. Hardening is done as follows:

1. On the first and second day, open the window for 4–6 hours;
2. For 8 days, put the seedlings on a loggia or a glazed veranda, shading from the sun on daylight hours. At night, the seedlings must be brought into the room;
3. 4 days before transplanting, seedlings can be left on the loggia for 24 hours.

7 days prior to disembarkation it is necessary stop watering... 2 hours before planting in the garden, the seedlings should be watered abundantly.

Soil preparation

The soil for the growth of cabbage prepared in autumn... It is necessary to first perform a deep digging and wait until the weed grows. Having destroyed the weeds, liming it and digging the area a second time.

In the spring, a mullein or rotted compost is introduced into the soil at the rate of 3-4 kilograms per 1 square meter. meter, 35-40 grams of mineral fertilizer, 150-200 grams of wood ash and digging the beds 20 cm deep.

Transplanting seedlings into open ground

Transplanting into open ground is performed by:

1. When 5-6 leaves appear on the seedlings.
2. The transplant is carried out in the evening;
3. Seedling height from 18 to 20 cm;
4. The root system is well developed;
5. Seedling color is bright green.

Seedlings are planted at intervals in a row 35-40 cm... Row spacing 45-50 cm... The groove is well shed with water. In depth, the groove should be identical to the size of the pot in which the seedlings were previously grown. Sprinkle seedlings with earth to the first leaf.

Suitable for the growth of cabbage well-lit plot of landwhere previously cucumber, onion, tomato, potato were grown.

7 days after the transplant, it is necessary to perform loosening to a depth of 7 cm... Subsequent loosening is performed every week to a depth of 15 cm. Hilling should be done 30 days after transplanting.

Re-hilling is performed when the leaves begin to close together. In the process of growth, cabbage must be fed with a solution of cow dung or fertilizers. To protect the cabbage from insects, it is recommended to sprinkle it with ash.

Pests

Savoy cabbage pests include:

• cruciferous flea;
• spring cabbage fly;
• scoops and whites;
• bedbugs;
• aphid;
• wireworm;
• slugs.

Diseases and prevention

The most common diseases are:

• blackleg;
• mosaic;
• powdery mildew;
• linen;
• phomosis;
• black spot.

In case of illness mosaic and black spot it is necessary to remove the diseased specimen from the garden and shed the soil with a steep solution of potassium permanganate. In case of illness fungus cabbage should be treated with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture.

Cleaning and storage

They use early varieties for making salads, make cutlets, cabbage rolls. Early varieties are not stored.

The late variety is harvested at the end of October. Heads of cabbage weighing from 500 grams are left for storage. The leg is shortened, 3 top leaves are left on the head of cabbage. Cut heads of cabbage are covered with crushed chalk and laid out in a dry room on racks for 2-3 days. After that, the heads of cabbage are each suspended separately in a net under the ceiling or placed in boxes so that the heads of cabbage do not come into contact with each other. The room temperature should be between 0 and +3 degrees. Humidity up to 95%. To extend the shelf life, a tempera from -1 to -3 degrees is required.

Observing such simple planting and care rules, it is not at all difficult to get a high yield.