Uralka apples planting and care in the open field

Nowadays, few people remember that once in the markets of the Ural cities, ranetki were sold for glasses.

Much has changed since then. Apple trees came to the gardens of the region in the early 50s., after a variety was obtained in Chelyabinsk, known as Uralskoe nalivnoe.

This article is dedicated to this variety and here you will find its description and photos, as well as the opinion of gardeners about it.

Apple-tree Ural bulk. Description

In the 40s of the twentieth century, in the Chelyabinsk nursery, Professor P.A. Zhavoronkov from “Papirovka” and “Ranetka red” brought out a hybrid with unique frost resistance and adaptive properties... Then the variety was sold not only in the gardens of the Urals. They are perfectly settled down in the gardens of the Far East, Kazakhstan.

Ural bulk.

Apple trees early fruiting, yield up to 2.5 c from the tree, not afraid of spring frosts - blooms in early June. The fruits are small, but tasty and aromatic. They do not fall off the branches even after ripening. The long harvesting period allows you to harvest it completely, without loss.

This apple tree is considered semi-cultural form, because it has extraordinary strength of growth and the ability to recover. A tree without limitation is usually ingrows up to 7-8 meters... The crown under the load of the crop is formed with drooping branches.

Variant of the variety - "Ural Bolshoi"

From an unknown wilderness Sverdlovsk amateur gardener A.G. Repin received a large-fruited variety of northern apples “Uralskoe Bolshoy”. Wood begins to bear fruit starting at 4-5 years of age... After 10 years, its harvest reaches 30 kilograms. What is not less important, fruiting occurs every year.

Ural is big.

The apple-tree "Uralskoe Bolshoy" reaches without height limitation about 7 meters... The fruits ripen in mid-September, stick well to the stalk. Large greenish-yellow apples, weighing 150-300 grams... The pulp is juicy, fragrant, with a refreshing taste. It can remain in storage until March. Tasting score -4.5 points (out of 5).

Attention! Like Uralskoe nalivnoe, this variety is very susceptible to scab disease. Practice shows that in the Sverdlovsk region it is better to grow such an apple tree in a creeping form, in the Urals - on a low stem.

additional characteristics

Peculiarities

	"Uralskoe bulk"	"Big Ural"
Beginning of fruiting, year	3-4	4-5
Fruiting type	annual	annual
Fruit weight, grams	up to 100	150-300
Productivity of an adult tree, kg	up to 250	up to 100

Both varieties grow trees up to 7-8 meters tall, bloom in June, and are highly winter-hardy. Have a common disadvantage - are very susceptible to scab disease.

Annual trunk growth

The growth in the branches of Uralsky Nalivny can be attributed to the average, 40-60 centimeters.

But the crown is prone to excessive thickening even with such growth rates.

So that the harvest does not grow shallow and the scab does not finally overcome the tree, apple trees need strong pruning every year.

Adult tree height

“Uralskoe nalivnoe” is considered to be a medium-sized variety. But, trees often reach a height of 8 meters. It is clear that it is incredibly difficult to care for such apple trees.

Important! The variety has a tendency to overgrowth of the crown, which must be thinned regularly. Therefore, gardeners are trying to grow undersized forms of this hybrid.

Crown diameter

Due to the usual abundance of fruits, the crown usually has a rounded-drooping shape, often the diameter of the crown of an adult tree 15 years old exceeds 4 meters... Old trees often have a too dense crown; already at the age of 10, apple trees of this variety need rejuvenating pruning.

Winter hardiness

In terms of winter hardiness, Uralskoye Nalivnoe has no competitors among cultural forms.

For example, the abnormally cold winter of 1978-1979, when the temperature dropped to -57o C, this variety froze very slightly, in one summer the trees recovered.

At the same time "Antonovka" and "Borovinka" from the same gardens practically perished.

Self-fertility

Unfortunately, the flowers of Uralskiy Nalivny have sterile pollen, this is the problem with most hybrids. For the formation of ovaries a pollinator should bloom nearby.

It turned out that Uralets is best suited for this role... It is planted at a distance of about 5 meters from the "Uralskiy nalivny", in industrial gardens - rows alternate.

Apple-tree Uralets.

Tasting assessment

The taste of the apples of the Ural liquid closer to sweet, with a barely perceptible acidity, for which the variety was appreciated by patients of gastroenterologists. These apples are ideal for people with high stomach acidity. Even ulcers can eat them!

The taste of apples is unexpected pleasant. The pulp is very tender and juicy, with a characteristic honey aroma. Apples contain about 11% sugar, vitamin C (9 mg / 100 g).

Harvest of the Ural bulk.

Pollinator varieties

At the very beginning of the selection tests, the authors were faced with the sterility of the pollen of "Uralskiy nalivny". The problem was successfully solved, a variety with the same unique frost resistance - “Uralets” - was selected. Ideally, the best pollination is achieved when these two varieties are planted up to 5 meters away.

Advice! In industrial plantings, it is recommended to alternate the rows of these varieties, so they are easier to process.

The beginning of fruiting

In the second year after vaccination already the first harvest can be taken. There is information that after grafting by copulation on the scion, flower buds open in the year of grafting.

Fruiting is annual, stable. The apple tree quickly increases the number of fruit branches and, accordingly, the volume of the harvest.

Already at the age of 3, crop overload creates a threat of branch breakage. Based on long-term observations, the yield of a hectare of the garden is 20 tons, one apple tree can bear 200-250 kg of fruit.

Timing

Flowering

"Ural bulk" begins to bloom in early June. By this time, the threat of frost has already passed, even for the conditions of the Urals and Siberia. The variety “Uralets” used for pollination blooms at the same time - there are no problems with the formation of ovaries.

Flowering of the Ural bulk.

Maturation

The technical ripeness of Uralskiy Nalivnoye begins in the second decade of September. It is customary to distinguish between this variety three dates of harvesting fruits according to the degree of maturity, depending on the purpose:

1. Apples with firm and very juicy pulp are harvested for juices and compotes;
2. Directly for fresh consumption;
3. Comes in October, overripe fruits are harvested for processing.

Apples of the Uralskoye bulk variety of varying degrees of maturity.

Fruiting

On trees of this variety, fruit buds are formed on pods, twigs and even last year's growth increments - all three possible options for fruit branches regularly yield a harvest. therefore the branches age quickly and the apple tree of this variety needs regular pruning.

Fruit weight

Uralskoe nalivnoe does not differ in large apples - on young trees, apples are not more than 60 grams, on old trees - up to 40 grams.

Apples all one size, characteristic yellow color on a long stalk.

On ripe apples on the sunny side, a slight pinkish blush often appears.

Storage periods

Uralskoe nalivnoe inherited from the ranets strong stalk... Apples do not fall off the branches even when overripe. Remaining on the tree, apples are often covered with bloom, which can be easily washed off with water.

Proper storage of fruits allows you to extend the consumption of fresh apples up to 2 months versus 2 weeks. In wooden containers with special storages, the temperature is maintained at about 0 C and up to 95% humidity.

Planting and leaving

Landing dates

Like most garden trees, "Uralskoe nalivnoe" prefers autumn planting... Usually, it is carried out no later than early October... In harsh climatic conditions, the roots must have time to take root, grow small root hairs. For landing choose plot in a sunny place without drafts, nearby groundwater.

For the Ural bulk planting, autumn planting is preferable.

The planting pit, approximately 0.8x0.8 meters in size, is filled with rotted manure (2 buckets), superphosphate and ash (250 grams each), potassium salt (100 grams). Mix with soil and plant an apple tree, tying it to a peg. The root system of the seedling must be protected from freezing soil with a layer of mulch.

Growing features

An apple tree of this variety can bear fruit in the first year after planting. But this will weaken her very much, so the first flowers are best cut off.

Without waiting for the onset of the development of diseases in the garden, carry out standard measures for the spring prevention of fungal infections. Remember, the variety is very susceptible to scab.

Treatment Bordeaux mixture will help stop scab development and other garden diseases:

• first treatment - before bud break,
• the second - after blooming,
• the third - before blooming flowers.

Attention! “Ural'skoe bulk” is a sterile hybrid, without cross-pollination it will not bear fruit. It cannot be sprayed during flowering in any case, you will be left without a crop.

In autumn after harvest, spend sanitary and anti-aging tree pruning... Before winter, be sure to whitewash with a lime solution to protect the stems from sunburn. From mice and hares, tie the trunks of young trees with spruce branches or paper.

Agrotechnics

When growing the variety “Uralsky Nalivnoe”, the care of the garden is no different. Agricultural techniques are completely standard:

• timely spring pruning and preventive spraying on bare branches from fungal diseases and pests;
• processing with Bordeaux mixture garden every 2-3 weeks against scab (up to 7 times per season);

• mineral foliar dressing garden (can be combined with antifungal spraying);
• timely pruning not only rejuvenates the tree, but also increases resistance to fungal diseases;
• the variety is prone to sunburn, be sure to spend in the fall whitewashing of boles;
• before winter, the trunks of a young tree are necessary mulch with sawdust, peat or straw.

What varieties can be grafted into?

As always, you can use as a rootstock any wild, better like "Antonovka". But for cold climates, in order to grow "Uralskoye bulk" in stanza form, it is better to graft on clonal rootstocks of the type quince, chokeberry or ordinary mountain ash... Apple trees on such rootstocks do not grow higher than 2.5 meters. They can be bent to the ground for the winter, they hibernate under the snow.

Ural liquid can be grafted onto quince.

Subspecies and variants

The climatic conditions of the Urals and Siberia are characterized by unpredictability and severe winters. The requirements for horticultural crops are very high, especially for winter hardiness and endurance. All the most adapted varieties of apple trees can be divided in descending order of winter hardiness:

• bushy ranetki (the most winter-hardy) with small fruits up to 15 g;
• semi-crops - with fruits 15-30 g,;
• large-fruited stanches are artificial varieties with low winter hardiness.

Autumn yellow

This is a classic "Ural bulk" cultivated enough tall tree (up to 7 meters) with a drooping thickened crown and small yellow apples that ripen in September.

Subspecies Autumn yellow.

Stamper

To limit the growth force of an apple tree, it is often grafted not on a dwarf rootstock, but the so-called “insert "dwarf culture... This limits the growth of the tree, but the root system remains deeply penetrating, not dwarf, with all the disadvantages of shallow roots.

Dwarf

Grafting the cutting on mountain ash, clonal rootstocks of quince make it possible to grow Uralskoye bulk in dwarf form.

The dwarfs have a bright future as this form of gardening allows them to mechanize the processing of gardens.

Low trees up to 2.5 m high easy to handle disease, pruning and harvesting.

Semi-culture

Form of "Uralskiy bulk" recognized as cultural half, since the genetic characteristics of the wild (small-fruited and high winter hardiness) dominate. The unique ability of a semi-crop to adapt to any conditions - a huge advantage of the variety.

Important! The apple tree has a tendency to thicken the crown, low growth force. It recovers any damage very quickly.

Features of growing in the regions

Apple variety "Ural bulk"originally intended for the conditions of the Urals and Siberiawhere the choice of horticultural crops is very limited. Gardeners are primarily interested in the reliability and plasticity of trees, fruit taste and yield.

Siberia

Siberian gardeners have recently begun to grow apple trees - the last 50 years. The varieties of the Barnaul selection based on Siberian (local semi-culture) have been successfully supplemented by Uralskoye Nalivnoye.

The variety fits well both in the climatic map and in the soil map. Its also successfully grafted into the crown of a local Siberian.

Use of local semi-cultivated forms such as Siberian beetle as a pollinator and rootstock for the Uralskiy Nalivniy hybrid made gardening a reality even in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

For an overview of apple trees grown in Siberia, including the Ural bulk one, see the video below:

Tyumen region

Gardeners of Tyumen successfully cultivate varieties of the Sverdlovsk breeding station. The use of standard forms with a dwarf insert allows you to grow apple trees in the form of stlanes. This saves the trees from the withering effects of winter winds.

Nuances and questions from readers

How to prune a seven-year-old neglected apple tree?

If the development of the apple tree let it go, by the 7th year of growth, an already aged tree will turn out... Putting it in order is not at all difficult, considering that it is an apple tree of Uralskiy Nalivnoye. It is best not to postpone it for later, prune in the spring when the snow melts.

It is necessary to mentally divide the tree into tiers. In each tier, leave 3-4 branches, the rest are cut "on the ring".

Anti-aging pruning.

Advice! Don't be afraid to prune the apple tree too much - this variety will grow branches too quickly. The freer the space of the crown, the less the tree will hurt and the larger the apples will be.

Thin the small overgrowing twigs to the maximum. From the ranetka "Uralskoe nalivnoe" inherited fruiting on all possible types of fruit.

Where to buy a seedling?

Of course, it is best to purchase seedlings from direct manufacturer - in a fruit nursery or breeding station directly. In the autumn season, retail sale of planting material is carried out at various specialized fairs.

At one of the traveling exhibitions-fairs in September 2016 in Tyumen under the name “Autumn Garden and Vegetable Garden. Honey Fair "marketing development sector one Chelyabinsk company conducted a sociological survey among buyers of seedlings.

Similar traveling fairs are regularly held in other cities of the region:

• Miass;
• Nizhny Tagil;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Kurgan.

Reviews

Andrey, 58 years old, an experienced amateur gardener. “After retirement, I began to actively engage in gardening. I was convinced from my own experience: there is no alternative to this hybrid in our climate. All its disadvantages (small fruits and the need for repeated processing from scab) are successfully compensated for by the regular harvest of juicy apples, which are also very tasty. I want to give my neighbor in the country a sapling for my birthday. And our pollinator grows on the border of the site. "

Anna, 52 years old, grandmother. “The family is growing, two grandchildren are growing up. Vitamins are not needed imported. The variety has already been tested on the site, we decided to plant another apple tree. They advised me to buy it on a dwarf rootstock, to make it easier to care for the tree. It is difficult to cut branches at a height, and you cannot do without it - it is very sick and the apples are getting smaller. "

Vladimir, 34 years old, novice summer resident. I decided to start the "Apple tree" of the Ural bulk liquor, following the example of a neighbor. Three years ago, at the same exhibition, he acquired a seedling. And just the other day I treated them to apples grown with my own hands. Small, of course, but very tasty and juicy. "

Conclusion

Over the past decades, apple the gardens have moved far north, where it has never before been possible to grow an acceptable crop without a greenhouse culture. "Uralskoe nalivnoe" and "Uralskoe bolshoi" are developing not only the foothills.

These forms are successfully cultivated up to the Primorsky Territory throughout Siberia, as well as in northern Kazakhstan.

The disadvantages of the hybrid (small fruitiness and susceptibility to fungal diseases) are successfully compensated for frost resistance and abundant harvest juicy apples of honey taste. Yes, you need a pollinator. Yes, you need regular trimming and trimming. Who could have believed that gardens would grow in Siberia before?

The correct choice of variety, planting and care at the initial stage of development is half the success of growing an apple tree. There are certain rules that will help you avoid common mistakes in this matter.

Among fruit crops, the apple tree is one of the most popular. In cities, in summer cottages and in the wild, you can find this plant. All new methods of planting and care are being invented, new varieties of apple trees are being developed. And this is no coincidence, the fruits of this tree are very useful and easy to store. Therefore, in this article, we will take a closer look at planting and caring for young apple trees.

Landing rules

If you are the happy owner of a large summer cottage, you can safely choose medium and tall apple trees. Such varieties can be up to eight meters in height, and their lifespan is usually about sixty years.

So that the trees, when they grow up, do not interfere with each other with crowns, they should be planted at a distance of at least five meters from each other.

Apple varieties of medium and small growth can be placed a little closer to each other - with an interval of 3-4 meters. Such varieties bear less fruit than tall ones, but you can place more of them on the site.

For planting, it is very important to know the level of groundwater in your area. If the waters pass too close to the surface, they can seriously damage the roots. The yield of the damaged tree is low, it tolerates frost with difficulty, and dies rather quickly.

The higher the tree, the deeper its root system lies. In tall species, the roots go two and a half meters deep into the ground.
When choosing a seedling before planting, special attention should be paid to the condition of the branches and roots. They should be elastic, neat in shape, without growths and ulcers.

Soil preparation

Apple trees are planted in autumn or early spring. As a rule, in the year of planting, the land under the apple tree is not fertilized. But watering the seedlings should be carried out regularly and quite often.

If you decide to plant a tree in the fall, you need to do this a month before frost. Usually, planting takes place from September 20 to October 15. Saplings purchased after October 20 are buried in, and planted in spring - by the end of April.

Loamy soil types are best suited for apple trees. If the soil in your area is clay, you can add compost, peat, or coarse river sand to it. This is done to improve aeration, because the lack of air negatively affects the condition of the tree. If the soil is sandy, then it is necessary to dilute it with peat, humus or compost.

After the soil is prepared, they proceed to digging holes for planting.

They are usually about 70 cm deep and about a meter in diameter. The upper fertile layer is carefully folded on one side, and the lower, extracted from the depths, on the other. It is better to dig holes in advance - 7 days before planting.

After you have made a depression in the ground, you need to loosen its bottom. For this, you can use a narrow, sharp shovel or crowbar. The tool should be immersed about 25 cm deep. There is no need to get the soil. You can pour walnut shells on top.

Further, on the bottom of the pit, the humus layer removed from the top should be laid out. After that, it is necessary to lay out fertilizers: potassium sulfate in the amount of 4 tablespoons, superphosphate - 1 glass, wood ash in the amount of 10 tbsp. l., as well as about three buckets of dung.

When you put all this in the pit, you need to thoroughly mix its contents. You can add some fertile soil to make the hole half full. Then mix everything again.

After that, the pit is covered with a slide with the same earth. The result is a mound, about 20 cm high. A wooden peg is placed in its center (you can simply hammer it in with a hammer) 40-50 cm high above ground level.

This is followed by landing.

Landing

First, the seedling needs to be installed from the north of the peg above the mound. Next, you need to straighten all of its roots. It is most convenient to do this together.

As the roots spread out, you need to lightly sprinkle them with soil and lightly tamp the embankments.

After all the roots are in the ground, the seedling must be fixed. It is tied to a peg with a plastic twine in a figure-eight knot.

This is followed by abundant watering. So much liquid is needed so that it goes into the pit - about five buckets.

The next step is mulching. A five-centimeter layer of mulch - peat or humus is applied on top of the soil. This procedure is especially important when growing a columnar apple tree.

After a week, the apple trees need to be watered again.

As already mentioned, the condition of apple trees is strongly influenced by groundwater. If they run too close to the ground, young apple trees growing in this area may die. To solve this problem, special grooves are made to drain groundwater.

And the seedlings themselves are planted on the hills. Such hills can be created artificially. To do this, dig up a part of the garden (three meters in diameter) to the depth of the shovel blade, then scatter fertilizers (mineral and organic). Further, the compositions must be carefully leveled with a rake, and a layer of fertile soil should be laid on top (up to 70 cm).

Young apple trees are planted according to the same principle that is used on the plains.

In the first year of growing apple trees, vegetable crops can be planted between them. Well suited for these purposes: peas, radishes, beans, beans. The root system of these vegetables is shallow, and minimal care is needed in both autumn and spring. Also, these plants help the growth of the apple tree.

In the summer, it is easy to care for these plants in the open field - water them in a timely manner, treat them from pests and feed them.

If you want variety, you can plant a mixed garden - the apple tree coexists well with many crops, for example with a pear. It is convenient to care for such plantings - the scheme for these crops is about the same. The only negative is that many diseases are dangerous for both species and are easily transferred from tree to tree. Therefore, if, for example, problems arise with a pear, the apple tree has to be saved as well.

Care

Taking care of apple trees is easy, but you need to do it almost all year round. In the spring, pruning of branches is mandatory. Thus, they form the crown and regulate the amount of the future harvest. Excess, as well as dry and diseased branches should be removed. Such pruning is done at least once a year so that the branches grow in the right direction, the crown does not thicken, and the tree has enough light. The latter is needed primarily for the prevention of diseases.

For a columnar apple tree, crown-forming pruning is especially important. In the first year, in spring, the side branches are cut into two buds so that they do not take energy from the tree for their growth.

In addition to pruning branches, spraying of trees is carried out in spring. The procedures begin at the end of April, when the buds open. The tree is sprayed with drugs against pests and various fungicides for diseases.

When the buds begin to protrude, spraying is carried out again.

In the spring, it is also necessary to feed the plantings. For this, urea is usually used (half a tablespoon per square meter) or saltpeter with ash (one and a half tablespoons and 2 glasses per square meter, respectively).

In addition, in the spring, you can add a solution of boric acid (per square meter - half a gram) and copper sulfate (2 grams per square meter) to the soil.

The grass around adult apple trees is mowed as it grows, nitrogen fertilizing is done and well watered so that it does not take useful trace elements and moisture from the tree.

And for young apple trees, especially in their first year of life, it is important to keep the soil under black steam in the spring. In the summer, you can sow leaf crops in order to embed them in the ground in the fall. Such green manure plants absorb excess nitrogen from the soil, which only prevents the trees from switching to winter mode. In autumn and winter, plants will decompose in the ground, and by next spring they will turn into a nutritious substance that will provide additional nutrition for fruit trees.

It is also important to provide high-quality watering to your garden, especially if the weather is hot and dry. Can be watered around the crown using the furrow method.

The columnar apple needs constant drip irrigation. And twice a month, in spring and summer, you need to arrange showers for the trees. In the fall, plantings should be fed with superphosphate, compost, ash, potassium chloride, dolomite. If the soil is acidic, it is necessary to add lime and carefully dig up the soil around the trunk, being careful not to damage the roots. You can dig a little deeper around the crown. And if in the summer you planted siderata, it's time to embed them in the ground.

In the first year, it is recommended to feed the tree with nitrogen fertilizers. In total, there are five such dressings per year: one root (in early spring), two foliar (in May), two foliar (in June).

In the fall, tree trunks are whitewashed. This procedure protects the tree from diseases and rodents.

As you can see, planting and caring for an apple tree is easy. Therefore, if you do not have an apple tree on the site yet, this is an excellent argument in favor of its appearance!

The apple tree called Uralochka is a unique autumn variety that has many excellent qualities. A tree bred by crossing can adapt to the most severe frosts, even up to a temperature of -57 C. Let's take a closer look at all the pros and cons of this amazing species.

As a result of crossing the varieties Papirovka with red Ranetka, a new autumn variety was obtained - Uralskoe nalivnoe.The author of the resulting species was the breeder Pavel Alexandrovich Zhavoronkov. Today, the apple tree is widespread in the Urals, North-Western regions of Russia, the Far East and Kazakhstan.

This is easily explained by its ability to adapt in cold climatic conditions, because the tree remains intact even at a temperature of -57 C. Because of this ability, Uralochka is used in breeding work for breeding high-yield varieties that can adapt to cold weather.

The crown of the apple tree is dense, rounded, of medium size. Due to the thin branches on which a huge number of fruits are usually located, it takes on a "drooping and weeping" shape. The bark is light in color, with light green and gray tints. Shoots are thin, greenish-brown in color. The leaves of the Uralochka have an elongated shape and a light green tint. The flowers are pink.

Fruit

Uralochka resembles Papirovka in taste and appearance. The apple tree has fruits of small size, round shape and the same stalk as the fruits of the red Ranetka variety. Ripe apples have a pronounced yellow color, but the part located on the sunny side acquires a pink tint. Apples of this variety are sweet, juicy and sour. The pulp has a slightly yellowish tint and a pleasant, specific smell. Freshly picked fruits can be stored for one to two months.

The apple-tree of the Uralochka variety is characterized by three ripening periods. In the first period, apples have a firm flesh. But due to the fact that they are very juicy, this crop is often used to make juices. By the second period, apples have a pleasant sweetish taste, light sour taste and tender pulp. Apples collected at this time are good to use fresh.

The third period is the beginning and mid-October. At this time, the fruits are already overripe, with loose flesh. But despite this, the crop does not fall off the trees and continues to stick to the branches. The fruits harvested in the last period are used to make jams and preserves.

Dignity

The Uralochka variety has many positive qualities. Among the advantages of these apple trees, the following features are distinguished:

• High level of adaptability to cold climates.
• The variety is characterized by early fruiting (already in the third or even second year after grafting).
• High yield (there were cases when about 250 kg were removed from one tree).
• Various uses of apples. Depending on the harvest period, they are used for making juices, jams, preserves, or simply eaten fresh.

Flaws

And yet this variety has some disadvantages, albeit minor ones:

• Small fruits.
• A slight sticky coating that can cause dust and sand to adhere to apples. Because of this, only the appearance of apples deteriorates slightly, since all plaque with dust is easily washed off with water.
• The need to pay attention to the molding of apple trees and cut their crowns.
• The need to regulate the abundance of the crop, as it can adversely affect the health of trees and the quality of their fruits.

Video

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There are quite a few varieties of apple trees adapted for growing in cold regions, but sometimes it is very difficult to choose one or even several species. Some withstand low temperatures well, but do not differ in the size of the fruits, others, on the contrary, with large fruits, but at the same time require special care. The topic of this article will be the apple-tree "Uralskoe nalivnoe", which quite successfully combines the key qualities of winter-hardy species.

Description and characteristics

"Uralskoe nalivnoe" is an autumn apple-tree with medium-sized trees, especially if they are grafted. The description of the variety should begin with the fact that among its congeners, “Uralskoe Nalivnoe” is one of the first to release buds and dissolve leaves.

The crown of trees is rounded, drooping, becomes very dense over the years, so you need to thin it out.The branches are thin, elastic, with a light gray-green bark. Skeletal branches grow at right angles to the trunk, often forming many branches in the first year. Fruiting is concentrated in equal measure on fruit twigs and spears. Shoots of medium thickness, covered with light green bark with a brown tint. The leaves of the variety are elongated, light green, small-town at the edges, practically without pubescence. Apple trees of medium size bloom with pink flowers. Flowers are similar in shape to small bowls, without pubescence, stigmas of pistils on the same level with anthers.

Apples are of medium size, weighing about 60 grams in the first half of the life of an apple tree, however, over time, their weight decreases to about 40 grams. Fruits are round, one-dimensional, their ribbing is not very pronounced. The peel of the apples of this variety is green with a yellow tint, but with the onset of maturity it becomes a rich yellow color. On the side facing the sun, a blurred blush of light pink is formed. The pulp is pale yellow in color, very juicy, with a strong strong aroma. The apples of this variety taste sweet with an almost imperceptible sourness.

For 100 grams of apple pulp, there are:

• 11% sugar;
• 14% dry matter;
• 9 mg ascorbic acid;
• 0.6% titrated acids;
• 100 mg of P-active substances.

Fruits ripen by mid-September, however, the variety has several stages of ripening, depending on the method of application and processing. In early September, apples are harvested to make compotes and juices, since the pulp density is very high. In mid to late September, apples become suitable for fresh consumption, as the pulp becomes moderately soft and extremely juicy. And finally, apples harvested in October are good to use as a filling for baking or making preserves, marmalades or jams.

A distinctive feature of the Uralskoye Nalivnoye variety is that even overripe apples do not fall off the branches. Shelf life of apples harvested in mid-September is 2-2.5 months.

The variety is fast-growing, the first harvest can be harvested already in 2 years of cultivation. Year after year, the amount of the crop is increasing, despite the fact that the size of the apples is slightly decreasing. At its peak, up to 250 kilograms can be harvested from one tree. Another positive characteristic of the variety is its high winter hardiness.

Breeding history

“Uralskoe nalivnoe” was bred in the South Ural Research Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing after crossing the varieties “Ranetka Krasnaya” and “Papirovka”. The authorship of the variety belongs to the Chelyabinsk breeder P.A.Zhavoronkov. Exceptional winter hardiness has made the variety extremely popular in the North-West regions of Russia.

The peak of popularity of "Uralskiy nalivnoe" was in the 1970s, the variety really fell in love with gardeners. It is not surprising, because in addition to winter hardiness, apple trees adapt well to almost any conditions and types of soil.

Planting and leaving

The description of planting should begin with the criteria for selecting a site for planting. The place should be bright, as far as possible protected from strong winds. The fact is that often tree branches do not withstand the load of ripening fruits and crack - a strong wind can speed up the process.

Although the variety has no particular preference for the type of soil, it is still not worth planting apple trees in acidic soils. It is best to plant the seedlings in nitrogen-rich, fertile soil, especially if the groundwater is not close to the surface.

Apple tree seedling planting technology

One and a half weeks before planting, you need to start preparing the holes. The pit should be about 90 centimeters deep in depth, but the width should be determined by the span of the roots. The bottom is lined with a mixture of the top layer of soil, humus, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. Before planting, the roots of the seedling must be straightened, being careful not to damage them, and then the seedling must be placed in the hole and tied to a support peg.The pit must be carefully covered with earth, periodically tamping it. Water the seedling liberally afterward.

The description of caring for the Uralskoye Nalivnoye variety is not much different from caring for other types of winter-hardy apple trees. Every spring it is necessary to prune old or dead branches to protect the plant from disease. It is important to whitewash the trunks with garden lime, as well as treat them with fungicides and insecticides.

It is important to fertilize regularly, especially in the early years of the tree's growth. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers are most suitable for apple trees. Frequent watering is also important in the early years.

For the winter, the tree trunk circle of apple trees should be mulched with sawdust, peat or straw. If weather forecasters promise a very cold winter, you can also wrap tree trunks with covering material to protect from frost.

Disease and pest control

The description in the catalog of fruit trees states that the Uralskoye Nalivnoye variety is moderately resistant to almost all fungal diseases. Among the most dangerous diseases are powdery mildew, scab and fruit rot. Symptoms of disease appear on all parts of the tree, and disease-causing spores can winter not only in fallen leaves, but also in the folds of the bark or the upper layers of the soil. As a prophylaxis of fungal diseases, it is necessary to spray twice a year with fungicides of complex action, for example, "Fitosporin" (read the description of use on the package), and in the spring, water the trees with a solution of urea.

Among insects, the most dangerous are the red aphid and the apple moth. Against them, you can use corrugated paper traps, as well as chemicals, for example, "Karbofos". As a preventive measure, it is necessary to tear off the old bark from the trees, regularly peel off the fallen leaves.

Video "Apple Trees for Siberia"

This video tells about the apple trees of the Ural selection, which feel great in the harsh conditions of Siberia.