Content
- 0.1 Determination of soil temperature using thermometers
- 0.2 Determination of soil temperature by plants
- 0.3 Determination of soil temperature by the physical condition of the soil
- 0.4 Cultural groups that react differently to lighting
- 0.5 Early spring crops (mid-March - mid-April)
- 0.6 Mid-spring crops (mid-April - second decade of May)
- 0.7 Late spring crops (last decade of May - mid-June)
- 1 Planting calendar and seedlings of garden crops
- 2 Sowing dates of vegetables
At the summer cottage, a wedge is necessarily allocated for garden crops, the main part of which is vegetable. Each culture is distinguished by its biological characteristics, formed in the climate of the area of origin. The main condition for the successful cultivation of vegetable crops in an environment unusual for them is the sowing period associated with the temperature of the soil and air, the brightness of lighting and the duration of daylight hours. The article proposes to get acquainted with the approximate timing of sowing the seeds of the main vegetable crops in open ground for regions with different climatic conditions.
Spring sowing of vegetables in open ground
Content:
- Soil temperature is the main indicator of the start of sowing
- Lighting is the second most important indicator of the start of sowing
- The timing of sowing vegetable crops in open ground
- Features of the selection of the timing of sowing vegetables in different regions
- Table 1. Sowing dates for the Southern region
- Table 2. Sowing dates for the Central Black Earth Region
- Table 3. Sowing dates for the Far East region
- Table 4. Sowing dates for Siberia and the Urals
- Table 5. Sowing dates for the North-West region
- Table 6. Sowing dates for the Central strip and the Moscow region
Soil temperature is the main indicator of the start of sowing
The indicator of the beginning of sowing is the temperature of the soil at the depth of occurrence of the bulk of the roots of a particular culture. Its change and the rate of warming up are influenced by snow cover, groundwater, soil type, and its moisture content. It is the heating of the soil in the root-inhabited layer that makes it possible to obtain an early harvest.
If you sow seeds in cold soil, then even cold-resistant crops can sprout, but they will not be able to form a crop. The roots in cold soil cannot function normally to ensure the conditions for the development of the aboveground mass.
To preserve the sowing, heat-loving crops are sown only when constant warm weather sets in without recurrent spring frosts. When they are threatened, the seedlings are covered with any covering material (spunbond, lutrasil), which is removed the next morning with the onset of warm weather. Sun heating of the covered bed can adversely affect seedlings and young seedlings.
Naturally, the sowing dates for the regions may not coincide in the numerical data of the spring-summer months. Therefore, the main reference point for the start of sowing in open ground in regions with a short warm period and early onset of cold weather will be soil temperature, light intensity and the establishment of a frost-free period.
In these regions, vegetables of southern origin are mainly grown through seedlings, the planting dates of which are presented in the article "The timing of sowing vegetable crops for seedlings for different regions."
A stable, recommended soil temperature for several days is a signal to start sowing. In order not to sow vegetables in cold soil, they use different methods to determine its temperature in the root layer.
Determination of soil temperature using thermometers
To do this, use the Savinov TM-5 elbow thermometers, exhaust thermometers and probe thermometers.
It is more convenient for novice gardeners to determine the temperature of the soil layer by layer with thermometers. Remember that they are used only in the warm period, and when the temperature drops at a depth of 5 cm to 0 ° C, they are dug out and removed into the room.The measurement procedure is specified in the recommendations.
Determination of soil temperature by plants
They take into account the state of the crown of trees, the above-ground mass of shrubs, the onset of flowering of perennial wild-growing grasses.
Take a note:
- Black currant buds have blossomed, vegetables and flower crops can be sown.
- The buds of the warty birch have developed, which means that the soil at a depth of 5 cm has warmed up well, it is time for sowing early greens, planting early potatoes. The leaves unfolded a little - it's time to sow radishes, carrots, and other root crops. Birch is preparing for flowering - the soil has warmed up to 10 cm depth. It's time to sow tomatoes in open ground.
- Dandelions bloom when the temperature in a 10 cm layer of soil warms up to + 6 ... + 8 ° С, and in a layer of 10-40 cm - only up to + 3 ° С.
- Bird cherry blossoms - it's time to plant potatoes.
Determination of soil temperature by the physical condition of the soil
This method is often used by experienced gardeners. A handful of earth is squeezed into a ball. If a liquid appears on the surface of the lump, it is too early to sow, and the lump is scattered, the early sows. Fell down, but scattered into lumps - you can start planting early cabbage and potatoes, salads, radishes.
Sowing vegetable seeds in early spring in open ground
In the complex of the main conditions, the next is light. It is regulated by a much wider list of requirements: sowing time, air temperature, standing density, timely thinning, destruction of tall weeds that shade plants.
Each type of plant normally grows and develops in natural conditions at a certain length of daylight hours.
For some crops, the length of daylight hours does not affect the germination and development of plants. Such crops can be sown almost during the entire warm season. Others react quite painfully to changes in lighting. Breeders, when developing new varieties, always accustom them to the climatic conditions of a particular area and, accordingly, recommend approximate sowing dates, which must be observed.
Cultural groups that react differently to lighting
Neutral. The cultures of this group practically do not react to the amount and period of received solar energy. These include peas, beans, some varieties of tomatoes and cucumbers, as well as watermelons, asparagus, and others. The list is constantly updated by breeders who "instill" the ability to not react to the length of daylight in new varieties and hybrids.
Short-day. In a shortened day (10-14 hours), plants bloom faster and proceed to fruiting. These are certain varieties and hybrids of tomatoes, beans, cucumbers. This group also includes other pumpkin (zucchini, pumpkin, squash), corn, sweet and bitter peppers, eggplants. The green group quickly turns to flowering (flowering) (dill, parsley, lettuce, spinach, sorrel, onions on a green feather).
Long-day. Plants of this group, with sufficient duration of illumination (more than 14 hours), move to the flowering and fruiting phase. This group of plants includes all types of cabbages, radishes, rutabagas, radishes, turnips of northern varieties, parsnips, carrots, vegetable peas, and beets. If long-day plants are created for short-day conditions, using early seeding or darkening, their development will be inhibited. They will not be able to move to the flowering and fruiting phases. Stop at the formation of lush rosettes of greenery (vegetative organs).
Seedlings of vegetables sown in spring in open ground
Early spring crops (mid-March - mid-April)
This group of plants is made up of cultures with low and medium demand for light. Sowing early spring greens and vegetables can be done in stages, after 10-12-15 days, which will prolong the receipt of fresh produce.
The list of crops for sowing at a soil temperature of 7-10 cm layer within the range of + 3 ... + 5 ° С.
- Green (spicy) - dill, parsley, coriander, fennel, parsnip, mustard, celery, asparagus, lemon balm and others.
- Leafy vegetables and with above-ground yield formation - all types of salads, horseradish, spinach, rhubarb, peas, early cauliflower, broccoli, early ripe white cabbage.
- Bulbous and root vegetables - onion sets and black onions for feathers and onions, early carrots, radishes, radishes, turnips, rutabagas.
Mid-spring crops (mid-April - second decade of May)
If the spring is cold and wet, the sowing is postponed to a later date (5-8 days). Like cold-resistant crops, these crops can also be sown in stages, after 10-12-15 days, which will prolong the receipt of fresh produce.
When the soil warms up in the root layer from + 5 ° С, you can continue sowing some crops that are low- and medium-demanding to the conditions of sun supply.
The list of crops for sowing at a soil temperature of 8-15 cm layer within + 5 ... + 8 ° С.
- Green - leaf celery, petiole, root, chicory salad.
- Vegetable - all types of cabbage: medium white cabbage, red cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi and others. Potatoes are planted early, medium, leeks, spring garlic. Sow onion sets and beans, beans. Closer to May, sugar corn and sunflowers are sown.
- Root crops: beets, medium carrots.
Late spring crops (last decade of May - mid-June)
Sowing vegetables in open ground is carried out in the third decade of May – June, with the onset of constant warm weather without recurrent spring frosts. For example, in the central zone of Russia, Siberia, and the Urals, warm weather without frosts is established after June 10-15. The soil in the root layer warms up to + 12 ... + 15-17 ° С. That is, the open ground crops of even early cold-resistant vegetable crops are shifted to the pre-summer or early summer.
In these regions, it is more expedient to use early varieties, necessarily zoned for the local climate, to use temporary shelters and growing vegetables in greenhouses in the autumn.
Heat-loving crops, which are sown at a soil temperature of 10-15 cm layer up to + 13 ... + 15-17 ° С
With the onset of a stable warm period, tomatoes, beans, melons (melons and watermelons), sunflowers, basil, marjoram, root crops (carrots, beets) are sown. Seedlings of nightshades (tomatoes, eggplants, sweet and bitter peppers) and pumpkin crops (cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin) are planted in open ground.
Thus, specialists have identified groups of plants that require a certain soil temperature, frost-free weather, and the amount and duration of solar energy intake for germination and normal development.
Spring sowing of vegetable seeds in open ground
When choosing the timing of sowing vegetables on your site, it should be borne in mind that some short-day varieties need a factor of darkness, but only at the beginning of the growing season (at this time they are shaded). With age, they develop normally and form fruiting in long day conditions. If short-day plants are provided with a day length of more than 14 hours, then their development will slow down, and the vegetative mass will begin to develop vigorously. This property is used in green forcing to quickly obtain fresh greens and early vegetable production.
In cold regions, shifting the sowing of vegetable crops to an earlier date, it is necessary to use temporary shelters, prepare insulated beds.
The Far East has a special temperature regime. Vegetable growing is concentrated in the Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. A humid warm summer allows you to harvest fairly high yields of cold-resistant varieties of sweet peppers and melons bred specifically for this zone, as well as cabbage, carrots, which can be grown in open ground, sowing after June 15, that is, the crops will be pre-summer.
Green products of gingerbread vegetables grown in the open field are obtained only with summer crops.In these regions, it is more expedient to use early varieties, necessarily zoned for the local climate, to use temporary shelters and growing vegetables in greenhouses in the autumn.
Prepared tall beds for spring sowing of vegetable seeds Table 1. Sowing dates for the Southern region
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring crops in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | March 1-25 | – | June 5-15 |
| Leaf salad | March 5 - April 15 | April 15-May 10 | – |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | March 10-30 | from April 15 | – |
| Cucumbers | – | April 10 - May 10 | May 25 - June 15 |
| Spring garlic | March 1-10 | – | – |
| Potato | March 1 - April 10 | from April 20 (medium ripening varieties) | – |
| Carrot | April 5-25; | April 15 - May 30 | May 25 - June 10 |
| Radish | March 15-30 | – | – |
| Parsnip | April 5-10 | April 20 - May 10 | – |
| Peas | March 1-30 | – | – |
| Sugar corn | – | April 20 - May 10 | – |
| Beans | – | May 15-20 | – |
| Beet | April 5-15 | April 15-30 | May 25 - June 10 |
| Tomatoes | March 15-30 | from April 15 (medium ripening varieties) | – |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | – | April 15 - May 20 | May 20-June 10 |
| White cabbage | March 1-25 (varieties of early ripening). March 10-20 (varieties of medium ripening). | April 10 - May 20 (late ripening varieties) | – |
| Zucchini, squash | – | April 20 - May 10 | – |
| Watermelons, melons | – | – | – |
Table 2. Sowing dates for the Central Black Earth Region
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring crops in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | March 1-25 | April 15 - May 20 | May 20 - June 15 |
| Leaf salad | March 5 - April 15 | April 20-30 | May 20-30 |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | March 10-30 | April 20 - May 20 | May 20 - June 15 |
| Cucumbers | – | April 20 - May 20 | May 20 - June 15 |
| Spring garlic | March 1-10 | May 11-20 | May 25 - June 5 |
| Potato | March 1 - April 10 | May 20-15 | May 11-20 |
| Carrot | March 15-30, April 5-25; | April 25 - May 10 | May 20-30 |
| Radish | April 5-10 | April 20-28 | – |
| Parsnip | March 1-30 | April 10 - May 1 | – |
| Peas | April 5-15 | April 20-30 | April 20 - May 25 |
| Sugar corn | – | April 20-30 | May 20 - June 1 |
| Beans | – | – | May 10-30 |
| Beet | March 15-30 | April 20 - May 10 | May 20-30 |
| Tomatoes | From April 15 (under cover) | April 25 - May 5 | May 15 - June 15 |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | From April 15 (under cover) | April 15-25 (under cover). Track the weather from 20 May | May 20 - June 15 |
| White cabbage | March 1-25 (varieties of early ripening). March 10-20 (medium ripening varieties) | May 20-30 (medium ripening varieties) | May 20-25 (medium and late ripening varieties) |
| Zucchini, squash | – | May 10-15 | – |
| Watermelons, melons | – | May 10-15 | – |
Table 3. Sowing dates for the Far East region
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring crops in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | March 20-30. Re-sowing April 10-20 | May 15-20 | May 25 - June 10 |
| Leaf salad | March 1-20. Re-sowing April 1-20 | May 15-20 | May 25 - June 15 (under cover) |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | April 25 - 10 | May 15-20 | May 25 - June 15 (under cover) |
| Cucumbers | – | May 15-20 (under cover in a warm bed) | from June 15 |
| Spring garlic | April 10-15 | April 15-30 | |
| Potato | April 1-15 (under cover). If the cold spring is April 10-15 | from April 15 to May 20 (under cover) | from May 20 (early ripening varieties) |
| Carrot | March 20-30 (varieties of early ripening). April 10-20 (medium ripening varieties) | April 15 - May 20 (medium ripening varieties); you can continue sowing varieties of early ripening | from May 25 (varieties of late ripening). May 20-25 (sowing varieties of medium ripening) |
| Radish | March 20-30 | from May 20 (under cover due to the lengthening of the day) | May 25 - June 15 (under cover) |
| Parsnip | March 20-30 | – | – |
| Peas | March 15-April 15 | from May 15 (under cover) | from June 15 |
| Sugar corn | – | – | – |
| Beans | – | – | – |
| Beet | April 10-20 | – | from May 25 |
| Tomatoes | – | – | – |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | – | – | – |
| White cabbage | – | May 15-20 (early ripening varieties for shelter) | from 20 May |
| Zucchini, squash | – | – | from June 15 |
| Watermelons, melons | – | – | from June 15 |
Table 4. Sowing dates for Siberia and the Urals
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring sowing in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | – | April 20 - May 20 | May 25 - June 15 |
| Leaf salad | – | April 20 - May 20 (under cover) | June 1-15 (under cover) |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | – | from 20 May | June 1-15 (under cover) |
| Cucumbers | – | May 20 - June 10 (in warm beds or under a temporary shelter) | May 25 - June 15 |
| Spring garlic | – | May 12-15 | – |
| Potato | – | April 28 - May 10 | May 10 - June 1 |
| Carrot | – | April 25 - May 20 | May 20 - June 10 |
| Radish | – | – | May 25 - June 15 (under cover) |
| Parsnip | – | – | – |
| Peas | – | – | – |
| Sugar corn | – | – | – |
| Beans | – | – | – |
| Beet | – | May 15-30 | May 15-30 |
| Tomatoes | – | April 15 - May 5 (under cover) | – |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | – | – | – |
| White cabbage | – | May 10-15 (early ripening varieties for shelter) | From June 1 (under cover) |
| Zucchini, squash | – | – | – |
| Watermelons, melons | – | – | – |
Table 5. Sowing dates for the North-West region
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring sowing in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | – | May 15-25 | May 25 - June 15 |
| Leaf salad | – | May 15-20 (under cover) | June 1-15 (under cover) |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | – | May 15-20 | June 1-15 (under cover) |
| Cucumbers | – | – | May 20 - June 10 (in warm beds or under a temporary shelter). June 15th - open ground |
| Spring garlic | – | – | – |
| Potato | – | April 28 - May 10 (early ripening varieties) | May 10 - June 1 |
| Carrot | – | April 25 - May 20 | May 20 - June 10 |
| Radish | – | – | from May 25 (under cover) |
| Parsnip | – | – | – |
| Peas | – | – | – |
| Sugar corn | – | – | – |
| Beans | – | – | – |
| Beet | – | – | May 15-30 |
| Tomatoes | – | April 15 - May 5 (under cover) | – |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | – | – | – |
| White cabbage | – | May 10-15 (early ripening varieties for shelter) | From June 1 (under cover) |
| Zucchini, squash | – | – | – |
| Watermelons, melons | – | – | – |
Table 6. Sowing dates for the Central strip and the Moscow region
| Name of crops | Early spring sowing in open ground (March 15 - April 15) | Mid-spring sowing in open ground (April 15 - May 20) | Late spring sowing in open ground (May 20 - June 15) |
| Dill, fennel, parsley, celery | – | May 1-10; (celery May 10-20) | May 15-30 |
| Leaf salad | – | May 5-10 | May 20-30 |
| Onions on a feather, onions on a turnip | – | May 10-20 | May 11-20 |
| Cucumbers | – | May 10-20 (under cover) | May 20 - June 15 (under cover) |
| Spring garlic | – | May 10-20 | May 11-20 |
| Potato | – | May 10-20 | May 15-25 |
| Carrot | – | May 5-10 | May 20 - June 10 |
| Radish | – | May 1-10 | from May 25 (under cover) |
| Parsnip | – | May 5-10 | – |
| Peas | – | May 5-10 | from June 10 |
| Sugar corn | – | May 8-15 | – |
| Beans | – | May 8-15 | from June 10 |
| Beet | – | May 5-10 | May 15-30 |
| Tomatoes | – | April 15 - May 5 (under cover) | – |
| Eggplant, sweet and bitter peppers | – | – | – |
| White cabbage | – | May 1-10 (early ripening varieties for shelter) | – |
| Zucchini, squash | – | May 15-20 (under cover) | May 20-30 - June 5-10 |
| Watermelons, melons | – | – | – |
Dear Reader! The article provides approximate data for sowing in open ground. Regardless of the region of the country, the main criterion for sowing dates is soil temperature, the onset of a frost-free period, and the intensity of sunlight. If you have other guidelines and approaches that justify themselves, write in the comments. This is a very interesting and necessary material for readers.
Tomato (tomato)
Planting seeds - mid - end of March
Landing in open ground at the age of 55-70 days
(when the threat of frost passes)
In the presence of a greenhouse or greenhouse, seeds are planted early, grown with backlight
Eggplant
Sowing seeds - mid-March
Pick in the phase of two true leaves
Seedling picking is transplanting or transferring still young seedlings from a small pot where the seeds were sown into a large container filled with a new soil mixture
Disembarkation at the age of 60-70 days at the end of May
when the threat of frost has passed.
In cold weather (below 15 degrees), cover with spunbod (material for greenhouses and greenhouses).
Pepper
Planting seeds - early March
Landing in open ground at the age of 70-80 days (when the threat of frost has passed)
If there is a greenhouse or greenhouse, sowing can be shifted to mid-February, cultivation must be backlit
Cucumber
Sowing seedlings - end of April
Planting in the ground in the phase of 3-4 true leaves (one month old) in late May-early June, when the threat of frost has passed
If you have a greenhouse, you can plant seedlings one to three weeks earlier.
Broccoli. Cauliflower
Sowing seeds in mid-March
Planting in the ground at the age of 35-40 days
Planting seeds during the summer
Early cabbage
Sowing seeds in mid-March
Planting seedlings in the ground in mid-late May, up to 50 days
Mid-season cabbage
Sowing seeds at the end of April
Planting seedlings in the ground up to 40 days old at the end of May
Late cabbage
Sowing seeds - mid-April
Landing in the ground in mid-late May at the age of 35-40 days
Celery root
Sowing seeds - late February-early March
Pick in the phase of two true leaves (about 30-40th day)
Landing in the ground at the age of 60-80 days at the end of May (when the threat of frost has passed)
Onion
Sowing seeds - early March
Planting seedlings in the ground at the age of 50-60 days in early May
Pumpkin
Sowing seeds for seedlings - late April-early May
Planting in open ground in the phase of two or three true leaves (at the age of one month) at the end of May (when the threat of frost has passed)
Strawberry remontant
Sowing seeds - end of March-April
Pick in the phase of 1-2 true leaves (approximately 7-10th day)
Planting in open ground when the 6th true leaf appears (approximately 45-50 days).
Planting calendar and seedlings of garden crops
| Culture | Sowing seedlings | Planting (or sowing) in open ground |
| Anise | 25.4-15.5 | |
| Basil | 15.3-10.4 | 10.5-10.6 |
| Eggplant | 10.2-15.3 | 5-25.5 (may need cover) |
| Beans | 10.4-15.5 (may need cover) | |
| Swede | 20.4-5.5 | 20.4-15.6 (grown in both seedling and non-seedling methods) |
| Peas | 15.4-5.7 (provided that the soil warms up over 6 degrees) | |
| Mustard leaf | 10.4-10.8 | |
| Melon | 1-15.4 | 10-30.5 (provided that the soil warms up over 15 degrees) |
| Strawberry | 1.2-1.4 | 15.7-5.9 |
| Zucchini, zucchini | 25.4-15.5 | 20.5-10.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 11 degrees) |
| White cabbage early | 1-15.3 | 15.4-10.5 |
| Red cabbage | 15.4-5.5 | 20.5-25.6 |
| Late white cabbage | 25.3-15.4 | 10-25.5 |
| Broccoli | 1.3-25.5 | 25.4 (may need cover) -30.6 |
| Brussels sprouts | 25.3-25.4 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Kohlrabi cabbage | 1.3-15.7 | 5.4 (may need to cover) -20.8 |
| Kohlrabi cabbage for storage | 20.5-10.6 | 20.6-10.7 |
| Collard greens | 10.5-30.6 | 10.6-30.7 |
| Cauliflower | 1.3-15.6 | 25.4 (may need cover) -25.7 |
| Early potatoes | 20-30.4 (provided that the soil warms up over 9 degrees) | |
| Potato | 1-10.4 | 8-20.5 |
| Cilantro | 20.4-10.8 | |
| Watercress | 10.4 (may need to cover) -10.9 | |
| Bulb onions, from seeds | 1-30.3 | 15.4-10.5 |
| Onion | 15.4-15.7 and up to 10.9 | |
| Leek | 10.3-5.4 | 1-30.5 |
| Shallot | from 15.4 (may be required) until October | |
| Marjoram | 20.3-10.4 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Melissa | 5.3-10.4 | 20.4-20.5 |
| Early carrots | 10.4 (may need to cover) - 5.8 | |
| Late carrots for storage | 20.5-5.6 | |
| Peppermint | March | April (as well as autumn) |
| Cucumbers, greenhouse | 5-30.4 | 1-25.5 (provided that the soil warms up to 12 degrees) |
| Cucumbers, open ground | 1-15.5 | 20.5 (you may need to cover: provided that the soil warms up over 12 degrees |
| Parsnip | 10.4 (may need cover) -25.4 | |
| Squash | 20.4-10.5 | 20.5-10.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 11 degrees) |
| Culture | Sowing seedlings | Planting (or sowing) in open ground |
| Bulgarian pepper | 10.2-15.3 | 5-25.5 |
| Parsley | March | April and (or) October |
| Rhubarb | 10.4-10.5 | 1-15.9 |
| Radish | 10.4-25.5 | |
| Late radish for storage | 25.7-10.8 | |
| Radish, spring-summer varieties | 25.4-20.5 | |
| Radish, summer-autumn varieties | 10.6-10.7 | |
| Turnip | 20.4 (may need to cover) -10.5 | |
| Turnip storage | 5-20.7 | |
| Head salad | 15.3-20.7 | 10.4 (may need to cover) -20.8 |
| Leaf salad | 15.3-20.7 | 10.4 (may need to cover) - 20.8 |
| Beetroot | 10-25.4 | 20.4 (may need to be covered; provided the soil warms up to 8 degrees) - 20.6 |
| Beetroot storage | 10-15.5 | |
| Celery rhizome | 5-20.2 | 25.4-10.5 |
| Leaf celery | 1.3-15.4 | 1.5-10.6 |
| Asparagus | 25.2-10.6 | 1.5-10.7 |
| Caraway | April or october | |
| Early tomatoes | 10-25.4 | 25.5-10.6 |
| Pickled tomatoes | 20.5-10.6 | |
| Jerusalem artichoke | April | |
| Common pumpkin | 5.5-25.5 | 25.5-15.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 11 degrees) |
| Pumpkin nutmeg | 10-30.5 | 1-15.6 (provided that the soil warms up over 13 degrees) |
| Dill | 1.4-31.7 | |
| Winter dill | 15.10-30.11 | |
| Beans for grain | 20.4-20.5 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Beans tall, curly | 20-30.5 | |
| Horseradish | April | |
| Winter garlic | 10.9-5.10 (provided that the soil warms up to + 4 degrees) | |
| Spring garlic | 17.4-15.5 | |
| Sorrel | April to July | |
| Spinach | 20-30.3 | 10.4 (may need to cover) - 20.7 |
| Endive | March | 1-15.6 |
| Tarragon | 10.2-5.5 | 5.4-30.6 |
Sowing dates of vegetables play an important role in obtaining high yields of these crops.The time of sowing or planting seedlings of vegetable crops is highly dependent on the geography of their cultivation. The further south the region is, the earlier you can plant vegetables in open ground.
In the northern regions, to get an early harvest, you have to grow seedlings indoors or use heated greenhouses. Only with the onset of warm weather, seedlings are transplanted into a garden or vegetable garden, in the open air.
Some vegetable crops have time to ripen even in the short northern summer, and even several crops can be grown during the season.
Particularly good results are achieved by gardeners who choose the right varieties for growing vegetables, giving preference to zoned crops.
Sowing dates of vegetables
The table below shows the planting and sowing times of the main vegetable crops. These terms are focused on central Russia and are taken on the basis of many years of vegetable growing practice.
|
Culture |
Seedling age
(days) |
Sowing seeds | Duration of planting seedlings in the ground | |
| Term | A place | |||
| Early tomatoes when planting under film | 60 — 70 | March 15th | Room - windowsill | May 10 - 15 |
| Tomatoes when planting without shelter | 60 — 65 | 15 - 20 March | Warm greenhouse
Room - windowsill |
May 20 - June 1 |
| Late ripening tomatoes | 50 | March 25 - April 1 | On a bed under a double film | June 1 - 5 |
| Cucumbers when planting seedlings under a film | 20 | April 15 | Room - windowsill | May 10 - 15 |
| Cucumbers when planting seedlings without shelter | 20 | May 15 | Room - windowsill | June 7 - 10 |
| Cucumbers when sowing seeds:
dry - 1 term swollen - 2nd term without shelter |
May 25 - June 1 June 1 - 5 |
To a permanent place - to the garden |
||
| Cauliflower, broccoli:
1st term - under film and without film |
45- 50 |
10 - 15 March |
Room, warm greenhouse |
April 20 - May 5 |
| 2nd term | 25 – 30 | June 1 - 5 | To the bed under the film | July 15 |
| 3rd term | 25 – 30 | June 15 - 20 | Also | July 15 - 20 |
| Early carrots | April 15 - 20 | To the garden | ||
| Late carrots | April 25 - May 10 | |||
| Beetroot - planting seedlings | 25 | 9 april | On a bed under a double film | May 9 - 15 |
| Beet - sowing seeds | May 9 - 12 | To the garden | ||
| Parsley on leafy greens | April 20 - 25 | Also | ||
| Root parsley for root crops, from which greens are grown on the windowsill in winter | April 25-May 5 | |||
| Sowing root parsley before winter - to get early greens in April - May | June 1 - 10 | To the garden | ||
| Planting parsley root vegetables | On the windowsill, in pots, boxes | 1st term -
October 1-10 2nd term - November 1 - 10 3rd term - December 1 - 10 4th term - January 1 - 10 5th term - February 1 - 10 |
||
| Sowing with leaf and stalked celery seeds | May 1 - 10 | To the garden | ||
| Zucchini, squash, pumpkin: | ||||
| planting seedlings with shelter | 25 | April 15 - 20 | In a warm greenhouse, a window-sill room, a bed under the film | May 15 - 20 |
| sowing with seeds with cover | 25 | April 15 - 20 | To the garden | |
| sowing with seeds without shelter | June 1 - 10 | To the garden | ||
| planting seedlings without shelter | June 5 - 10 | |||
| Radish - sowing under film | 9 april | A bed under a double film | April 22 - 24 | |
| Radish - by sowing seeds without shelter: | ||||
| 1st term | 25th of April | To the garden | ||
| 2nd term | May 10 | Also | ||
| 3rd term | May 25th | Also | ||
| 4th term | June 10th | Also | ||
| 5th term | July 25th | To the garden | ||
| 6th term | August 10 | Also | ||
| Dill - early sowing | April 10th | |||
| Sowing dill without shelter: | ||||
| 1st term | 25th of April | |||
| 2nd term | June 5th | |||
| 3rd term | July 15 | |||
| 4th term | August 20 | |||
The timing of sowing vegetables in open ground cannot be an absolutely accurate value, especially now, when there are strong natural changes in the weather, and this must be taken into account when planting vegetable crops.
Video: Sowing dates for vegetables
The tables for sowing seeds for seedlings and replanting them to open beds provided to your attention will help you more accurately plan gardening work and carefully adjust plans for the entire fleeting sowing season. The table of alternation of crops in the garden will help to plant so that the plants quickly take root and grow hardy, and in due time please you with a bountiful harvest.
The sowing table indicates the calendar for planting seeds for seedlings and the timing of planting seedlings in open ground. Pay attention to the sowing dates indicated in the table: as a rule, seeds are planted within a month, approximately the same range is given for transplanting seedlings to beds. But there are also exceptions. For example, from the seed sowing table, you can see that broccoli can be planted for three months, but only two weeks are given for planting melon seeds. The same is with the sowing of seedlings: the table indicates that kohlrabi can be planted in the beds throughout the warm season, and, for example, it is desirable to complete the planting of potatoes within ten days.
So, to your attention a table of sowing of various crops for seedlings and the timing of planting it in open ground.
|
Culture |
Sowing seedlings |
Planting (or sowing) in open ground |
|
Anise |
25.04-15.05 |
|
|
Basil |
15.03-10.04 |
10.05-10.06 |
|
Eggplant |
10.02-15.03 |
05-25.05 (may need to cover) |
|
Beans |
10.04-15.05 (may need to cover) |
|
|
Swede |
20.04-05.05 |
04.20-15.06 (grown in both seedling and non-seedling methods) |
|
Peas |
04.15-05.07 (provided that the soil warms up to> 6 ° С) |
|
|
Mustard leaf |
10.04-10.08 |
|
|
Melon |
01-15.04 |
10-30.05 (provided that the soil warms up to> 15 ° С) |
|
Strawberry |
01.02-01.04 |
15.07-5.09 |
|
Zucchini, zucchini |
25.04-15.05 |
20.05-10.06 (provided that the soil warms up to> 11 ° С) |
|
White cabbage early |
01-15.03 |
15.04-10.05 |
|
Late white cabbage |
25.03-15.04 |
10-25.05 |
|
Broccoli |
01.03-25.05 |
25.04 (may need to cover) -30.06 |
|
Brussels sprouts |
25.03-25.04 |
15.05-15.06 |
|
Kohlrabi cabbage |
01.03-15.07 |
05.04 (may need to cover) -20.08 |
|
Kohlrabi cabbage for storage |
20.05-10.06 |
20.06-10.07 |
|
Red cabbage |
15.04-05.05 |
20.05-25.06 |
|
Collard greens |
10.05-30.06 |
10.06-30.07 |
|
Cauliflower |
01.03-15.06 |
04/25 (you may need to cover) - 07/25 |
|
Early potatoes |
20-30.04 (provided that the soil warms up to> 9-10 ° С) |
|
|
Potato |
01-10.04 |
08-20.05 |
|
Cilantro |
20.04-10.08 |
|
|
Watercress |
10.04 (may need to cover) -10.09 |
|
|
Bulb onions, from seeds |
01-30.03 |
15.04-10.05 |
|
Onion |
15.04-15.07 and until 10.09 |
|
|
Leek |
10.03-05.04 |
01-30.05 |
|
Shallot |
from 15.04 (you may need to cover) until October |
|
|
Marjoram |
20.03-10.04 |
15.05-15.06 |
|
Melissa |
05.03-10.04 |
20.04-20.05 |
|
Early carrots |
10.04 (may need to cover) - 05.08 |
|
|
Late carrots for storage |
20.05-05.06 |
|
|
Peppermint |
March |
April (as well as autumn) |
|
Cucumbers, greenhouse |
05-30.04 |
01-25.05 (provided that the soil warms up to 12 ° C) |
|
Cucumbers, open ground |
01-15.05 |
(may need to be covered; provided that the soil warms up to 12 ° C) - 05.06 |
|
Parsnip |
10.04 (may need to cover) - 25.04 |
|
|
Squash |
20.04-10.05 |
20.05 (provided that the soil warms up to> 11 ° С) -10.06 |
|
Bulgarian pepper |
10.02-15.03 |
05-25.05 |
|
Parsley |
March |
April and (or) October |
|
Rhubarb |
10.04-10.05 |
01-15.09 |
|
Radish |
10.04-25.05 |
|
|
Late radish for storage |
25.07-10.08 |
|
|
Radish, spring-summer varieties |
25.04-20.05 |
|
|
Radish, summer-autumn varieties |
10.06-10.07 |
|
|
Turnip |
20.04 (may need to cover) - 10.05 |
|
|
Turnip storage |
05-20.07 |
|
|
Head salad |
15.03-20.07 |
10.04 (may need to cover) - 20.08 |
|
Leaf salad |
15.03-20.07 |
10.04 (may need to cover) - 20.08 |
|
Beetroot |
10-25.04 |
20.04 (may need to be covered; provided that the soil warms up to 8 ° C) - 20.06 |
|
Beetroot storage |
10-15.05 |
|
|
Celery, rhizomes |
05-20.02 |
25.04-10.05 |
|
Leaf celery |
01.03-15.04 |
01.05-10.06 |
|
Asparagus |
25.02-10.06 |
01.05-10.07 |
|
Caraway |
april or october |
|
|
Early tomatoes |
10-25.04 |
25.05-10.06 |
|
Pickled tomatoes |
20.05-10.06 |
|
|
Jerusalem artichoke |
April |
|
|
Common pumpkin |
05.05-25.05 |
25.5 (provided that the soil warms up to> 11 ° С) -15.6 |
|
Pumpkin nutmeg |
10-30.05 |
01-15.06 (subject to soil warming up to> 13 ° С) |
|
Dill |
01.04-31.07 |
|
|
Winter dill |
15.10-30.11 |
|
|
Beans for grain |
20.04-20.05 |
15.05-15.06 |
|
Beans tall, curly |
20-30.05 |
|
|
Horseradish |
April |
|
|
Winter garlic |
09/10/05/10 (subject to soil warming up to +4 ° С) |
|
|
Spring garlic |
17.04-15.05 |
|
|
Sorrel |
from April to July |
|
|
Spinach |
20-30.03 |
10.04 (may need to cover) - 20.07 |
|
Endive |
March |
01-15.06 |
|
Tarragon |
10.02-5.05 |
05.04-30.06 |
After reading the vegetable sowing table, be sure to check the crop rotation table - following the recommendations proposed in it, you will increase the crop yield.
For your attention - a table of alternation of vegetable crops in the garden and a table indicating the duration of the break between plantings of the same plants.
|
Culture |
Best predecessors |
|
Peas, beans, beans |
Potatoes, early and medium white cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes, root vegetables, onions, leeks, cucumber |
|
Early white and red cabbage, late white cabbage |
Tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, beets, cucumbers, legumes, onions, leeks |
|
Cauliflower and head salad |
Early potatoes, tomato, cucumber, annual herbs |
|
Zucchini, pumpkin, squash |
Root vegetables, cabbage, greens, potatoes |
|
Potato |
Cabbage, legumes, root vegetables, cucumber and other pumpkin seeds |
|
Onion |
Early white cabbage and cauliflower, cucumber, early potatoes, tomato, legumes, green |
|
Carrots, beets, parsley, celery, parsnips |
Cabbage, potatoes, cucumber, tomato, onion, beetroot, leek |
|
Radish, turnip, radish, rutabaga |
Cucumber, tomato, early potato, onion, leek |
|
Cucumber |
Perennial herbs, tomatoes and other nightshades, onions, legumes, spinach, greens, cabbage, root vegetables |
|
Beet |
Potatoes, cucumber, early white cabbage and cauliflower, onion |
|
Tomato, pepper, eggplant, potatoes |
Legumes, carrots, radishes, greens, cabbage, garlic, onions, leeks |
|
Green |
Cucumber |
|
Dill, spinach, lettuce, green onions |
Cucumber, early potatoes, early white cabbage and cauliflower, carrots and beets, celery and parsley, radishes |
|
Garlic |
Potatoes, carrots, beets, cucumbers, tomatoes |
|
Swede |
Cucumber, cabbage |
|
Cabbage |
Pumpkin, rutabaga, radish, radish |
|
Kohlrabi |
Cucumber, pumpkin, radish, radish |
|
Corn |
Radish, radish, onion |
|
Beetroot |
Spinach |
|
Onion |
Leek, radish, celery, carrot |
|
Carrot |
Parsnips, parsley, fennel, celery, zucchini, tomato |
|
Cucumber and other pumpkin crops |
Swede |
|
Parsnip |
Carrots, parsley, celery, fennel |
|
Parsley |
Carrots, parsnips, celery |
|
Radish |
Kohlrabi |
|
Radish |
Kohlrabi, spinach |
|
Salad |
Kohlrabi, endive, chicory salad |
|
Beetroot |
Spinach, tomatoes |
|
Celery |
Carrots, parsnips, parsley, fennel |
|
Tomatoes and other nightshades |
Cucumber, zucchini |
|
Spinach |
Beetroot, beetroot |
|
Peas, onions |
4-5 |
|
Cabbage, tomato, pepper |
3-4 |
|
Potato |
2-3 |
|
Goat is a sweet root |
|
|
Carrot, celery, cucumber |
|
|
Leek, chicory |
2-3 |
|
Head salad |
1-2 |
