Rose garden bush planting and outdoor care

A garden rose, planting and caring for which is not particularly difficult - a representative of the Rosehip genus - for a long time has the status of the most popular flower on the planet. A symbol of love, beauty, politics and war, the queen of the garden is an object of admiration and admiration for both experienced flower growers and designers, and people who know how to appreciate beauty. In cultural floriculture, park and garden varieties are distinguished, among which the garden bush rose is most in demand. Planting and caring for such a culture requires a certain baggage of knowledge, but in practice, communication with a plant is reinforced by acquired experience. Ground cover, hybrid tea, climbing and miniature species are also popular in cultural floriculture.

Garden roses: planting and care

Most often, cultivated rose hips are referred to this type of roses, characterized by abundant flowering. The main advantage of these plants is their high winter hardiness and early flowering, 2-3 weeks before the beginning of flowering of other species. Being short plants, park roses look very attractive due to their dense foliage and look gorgeous both in single and in group plantings.

It is recommended to plant rose bushes, the average life span of which is 20-30 years, in sunny areas, well ventilated from all sides, and nutritious loose soil will be the key to successful growth. Better if it is a loam with a high percentage of humus. Park roses are planted in the first half of spring or early autumn. During the first three years, a powerful root system and main stems are formed. It is at this time that the plant should be provided with maximum care, which consists in timely watering, infrequent, but abundant. In this case, the root system, in search of moisture, grows in depth, which has a positive effect on the winter hardiness of the bush. Consumption per bush - 1.0-1.5 buckets of water. With frequent watering, surface roots will form, which are very easily damaged by loosening and do not tolerate frost well.

An important factor in caring for garden roses is the regular loosening of the soil near the bushes and the introduction of fertilizing.In the spring, the soil should be fertilized with rotted manure, in the summer, apply mineral preparations.

Climbing roses

Such plants are varieties of rose hips and some varieties of garden roses and are characterized by long branching shoots. Due to this quality, they are successfully used in vertical gardening of buildings, walls and arbors. They look great in garden flower arrangements, they are the main element of decor in the design of garden structures, arches, columns, pyramids.

Family garden rose grows well in sunny areas, protected from direct sunlight in the afternoon. The soil for planting must be permeable, without close occurrence of groundwater. In temperate climates, it is better to plant the plant in late September - early October, or in spring, in April - May. Before planting, the shoots should be shortened to 15-20 cm, and the roots up to 30 cm.

Planted plants need to be watered well, hilled high, covered with foil to create greenhouse conditions and regularly ventilated. As soon as the threat of spring frosts has passed, the film can be removed and the site can be mulched.

Garden rose: planting and care in the open field

The best period for planting garden roses is autumn (early September - mid-October). In case of too frosty winters in the growing region, roses can be planted in spring (April - May), after waiting for the soil to warm up.

A garden rose, the cultivation of which at home requires the application of certain knowledge, needs the correct selection of a place for planting. In this case, the roses planted on it will bloom for a long time, bringing aesthetic pleasure to the owners of the garden and their guests. Garden culture loves an abundance of light; the most optimal would be its placement in an area located away from trees and large bushes and in the afternoon in partial shade. An important factor in the survival and active growth of a flower is the absence of drafts and close occurrence of groundwater.

Preparation for landing events should be carried out in advance, two months in advance. If the groundwater is located close to the surface, it is necessary to form a raised flower bed for the rose garden, otherwise the roots will begin to rot, and the plant will lose its decorative effect and look unhealthy. The site needs to be dug up; for each sq. add a meter in a bucket of garden compost, 30-50 grams of superphosphate and 2 glasses of wood ash. Too clay soil can be thinned with sand.

How to plant a rose correctly

A garden rose, planting and caring for which is a year-round phenomenon, will delight you with abundant flowering if the preparatory measures are carried out correctly. Rose seedlings, which should first be trimmed with roots and stems, are recommended to be immersed in water for several hours. At this time, you can start preparing the planting pit: the optimal diameter is 40-50 cm, and the depth should slightly exceed the volume of the root system of the seedling along with the earthen clod. A soil mixture should be prepared from the excavated soil and compost in a ratio of 3: 1, to which you can additionally add a handful of wood ash. Pour a bucket of water with a diluted tablet of heteroauxin (organic growth stimulant) into the pit, lower the rose seedling there and, holding it by the stem, sprinkle it with prepared soil. The young plant needs to be spud to a height of 15 cm, and a circular moat should be formed around it, which retains the outflow of water. Also, the planted flower needs to be shaded.

In the first year after planting, a bush is formed, therefore, the main factors of care at this stage is the timely pinching of the ends of the shoots, aimed at stimulating tillering. Also, in order to avoid the weakening of the young plant at the beginning of summer, the buds that have begun to form should be removed. In the second half of the summer season, the buds must be allowed to ripen, and only then removed.

Watering garden roses

Also important factors in caring for a plant are regular watering, top dressing, loosening and weeding of the soil. It is recommended to supply moisture not very often (when the soil on the site dries out), but abundantly. Newly planted bushes are an exception: they should be watered every other day. The rate of water for each adult plant is 10 liters; depending on the season, this figure may change. So, in a hot and dry summer, roses need to be watered more often and more. The supply of moisture should be done in moderation, not intensively, so as not to wash off the soil from the roots; do not use too cold water. The optimal time for watering is in the morning and evening hours, and the drip method is considered to be the most recommended method of supplying moisture to the plants. At the end of summer, at the end of flowering, in order to prevent stagnation of water in the soil, the irrigation rate must be reduced. Otherwise, there is a high risk of developing fungal infections for a plant such as a garden rose. Growing (photo above) in the garden of such a culture is a real holiday that allows you to enjoy beautiful natural creation every day.

Feeding activities

For active development and abundant flowering, garden roses need to be fed. In the first year of planting, this process can be skipped, since the required fertilizers have already been placed in the planting pit. Starting from the second season, feeding must be done: at the beginning of the growing season, during the formation of buds, at the end of flowering and before the process of lignification of the stems.

After the spring pruning of the bushes, twice, with a week break, 20 g of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate is applied for each square meter of the area. During the formation of buds and after flowering, 30 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of ammonium nitrate and 10 g of potassium salt should be added to the same area. In August - September, superphosphate and potassium salt are introduced into the soil: 30-40 g per square meter. Of organic fertilizers, which should be alternated with mineral fertilizers, it is better to use wood ash and slurry in the rose garden.

How to transplant a plant correctly

A garden rose, planting and caring for which in the open field requires certain knowledge and skills, tends to grow, and therefore the bush loses its decorative effect. Therefore, sometimes the plants have to be transplanted. The best time for such an action is October or April. Before transplanting, it is advisable to cut the garden bush rose by 20 cm, then you need to cut off all the leaves and remove the damaged branches. The plant needs to be dug out with an earthen lump and carefully transferred to a new hole, previously filled with water.

Features of the pruning

The most difficult part in caring for garden roses is pruning, which activates the development of shoots and rich flowering. This procedure is carried out from spring to autumn and has a different purpose. In spring pruning, the plant is freed from dried and old shoots with a parallel bush formation. The summer procedure is considered sanitary: a larger specimen is left from several flower buds. It is also required to remove wilted flowers and set fruits. In the fall, the plant prepares for future wintering: damaged and dried shoots are cut out.

How to properly prune a gorgeous plant like a garden rose? Planting and leaving in spring is less frightening for an inexperienced grower than pruning a plant. There is nothing complicated in this procedure, it is only important to know some of its subtleties in order to safely handle the plant in the future.

Reproduction methods

A garden rose, planting and caring for which brings great aesthetic pleasure, multiplies in several ways:

• cuttings;
• layering;
• dividing the bush;
• vaccination;
• offspring;
• seeds.

The seed method is most often used in the breeding of hybrids, new varieties and for the propagation of wild-growing roses.The harvested seeds are cleaned and immersed in raw sand for 4 months for the purpose of stratification. With the arrival of spring, they are kept in a growth stimulator for some time, after which they are sown.

Reproduction by cuttings is often used for park and indoor species and consists in rooting cuttings. They are cut at the moment when the garden rose begins to bloom. Planting and leaving (photo) is not difficult.

Roses can be propagated by grafting. Rosehips are used for the stock, which have a highly developed root system and are characterized by high winter hardiness. With quality care, the grafted rose will turn into a powerful plant with a rich crown by autumn, completely ready for transplantation to a new place of growth.

By dividing the bush, exclusively rooted plants reproduce. To do this, in the spring (before bud break) or in the fall, you need to dig out a bush, divide it into parts with a sharp tool. The resulting plants should have one or two shoots and their own roots. Places of cuts should be treated with crushed coal, and the seedlings should be planted in the usual way. During spring propagation, new plants can even please with abundant flowering and active growth.

When propagating by layering on the shoot growing from the root collar, it is required to make annular cuts in the bark, bend it down and place it in a shallow groove prepared in advance. The branch must be secured with a wire clip or hook and sprinkled with damp earth, leaving the top on the surface. The latter must be tied to a peg, thus giving it a vertical direction of growth. During the summer, the bud should be kept moist above the cut. Only next spring will it be possible to separate such young plants as garden roses from the parent specimen. Planting, care (the photo can be seen in the article) behind them consists in watering, feeding and timely pruning.

About eustoma and Chinese rose

Against the background of flower crops, the Chinese rose, garden perennial eustoma, grown for cutting, stand out as a bright spot. For example, a freshly cut eustoma can stand in a vase of water for about a month. The plant has meter stems, strong and graceful. Flowers bloom alternately and are characterized by different shades: white, purple, lilac, pink. In the half-open form, the eustoma resembles a rose, when fully blooming, it is very similar to a poppy.

Large bright flowers of a wide range of colors, with an eye of a contrasting color or a border around the edge, simple and double, bright, large - by these signs a Chinese garden rose is recognized. Growing and caring for such a plant at home is not particularly difficult; it is important to choose the right planting site, water the plant regularly, remove weeds, loosen the soil and feed in a timely manner. It is also important to control that the hibiscus (Chinese rose) bush does not thicken. You should know that the flower of the Chinese rose only lives for a day, but with a violent flowering, this is imperceptible. It is only important to remove faded flowers in a timely manner.

Diseases and pests

Roses, like any of the plants, can be exposed to diseases and the invasion of harmful insects. Unfavorable growth conditions are one of the factors weakening the plant's immunity. More often than others, roses are affected by rust, powdery mildew, chlorosis and black spot. Fungal diseases are treated with fungicides: 1% colloidal sulfur suspension and 3% copper sulfate solution. Chlorosis, which causes the yellowing of the bush, develops due to a lack of nutrients in the soil, including iron. In this case, by analyzing the soil, it is necessary to find out which element is missing, and eliminate the cause by introducing its salts into the soil.

From insects, a garden rose, planting and caring for which is a constant and responsible process, can be damaged by sucking (ticks, aphids, whiteflies, cicadas, scabbard) and gnawing (sawfly larvae, beetles, caterpillars) pests. Both those and others cause enormous damage to plants. The first ones pierce the ground parts of the bush and suck out the cell sap. As a result, life processes are disturbed in the plant, leading to the death of shoots, twisting of leaves and their falling off.

The activity of gnawing pests is aimed at disrupting the integrity of plant parts and leads to growth retardation, poor flowering and loss of decorative features. You can fight pests as soon as they appear, or you can apply preventive measures and treat rose bushes with insecticides "Rogor", "Actellik", "Karbofos". This must be done before the kidneys swell. From folk remedies, a solution of 2 g of kerosene diluted in 10 liters of water is effective. In the fall, after pruning, plant residues must be collected and destroyed, and the bushes and soil must be treated with the above insecticides.

The rose is often called the queen of flowers. This flower has been known for a long time: it was mentioned in the legends of the ancient Hindus. According to the legends of other peoples, the rose was created by Allah himself, so that she would become the mistress of flowers instead of a beautiful, but too lazy lotus. The rose is found in almost every garden, because planting and caring for it in the open field, as well as reproduction, is within the power of every hardworking gardener.

Description, varieties and varieties

Among the representatives of garden flowers, the rose has few equal in terms of cost-benefit ratio and beauty. The variety of species and varieties baffles any novice gardener. Reviewing many photos, he has to opt for only a few varieties, because it is impossible even physically to plant all types of roses in his flower garden. When choosing your rose variety, do not forget that many of them are thermophilic and are not able to winter outdoors in temperate climates. Roses are park, climbing, hybrid tea, miniature, ground-blooded.

Park roses

Park roses... The most decorative of all. They are distinguished by good winter hardiness, they feel great in temperate climates, even without shelter for the winter. They are among the first to bloom in late May or early June and bloom from two weeks to one and a half months, but, unfortunately, only once. Park rose bushes are usually from 1 m to 3 m in height, unpretentious and undemanding to care for. In addition, there is no need to trim them annually.

Hybrid tea roses

Hybrid tea roses. The most planted group of roses at the moment. They are not frost resistant. Absolutely all species of this group must be covered for the winter. They have rather small bushes, therefore, to achieve a decorative effect, it is necessary from 5 to 10 bushes per 1 sq. m.

Floribunda roses

Floribunda roses. These roses are gaining in popularity. They are not too inferior to hybrid tea roses in size and smell, but they are significantly ahead of them in frost resistance and flowering continuity. In large flower arrays, they occupy the main place.

Miniature roses

Miniature roses. A group of tiny and harmonious colors. It is unusually easy to adapt to any environment, bloom thickly, brightly and for a long time, until the deepest autumn. For the winter, they are content with light shelter.

Climbing roses. They can be conditionally divided into two subgroups: large-flowered and small-flowered.

Climbing roses are referred to small-flowered roses. Their characteristic feature is long flexible lashes that spread or rise. Such roses need support for growth and a little shelter for the winter. It is not recommended to prune these roses in the fall, because they bloom along the entire length of those shoots that have already wintered.

Climbing rose

Large-flowered climbing buds larger than 4 cm are collected in inflorescences.Some varieties are similar to hybrid tea. Most of them bloom twice a season. These roses can bloom on young shoots released only this year, which means that if your rose is frozen in winter, then in the summer it will certainly bloom anyway. This subgroup is highly disease resistant. Large bushes reach 2 m and do not require support, with the exception of some spreading varieties.

Ground cover scrubs. These varieties are created in order to create carpets of roses that will bloom continuously and densely. They are distinguished by their amazing unpretentiousness, winter hardiness, immunity to diseases. But before choosing these roses, be sure to check to what size they can grow.

Ground cover rose

Ground cover roses can be divided into 4 subgroups:

• low creeping - reach 30–45 cm in height and 150 cm in width;
• creeping high - reach 45 cm in height and more than 150 cm in width;
• drooping small - reach 90 cm in height and up to 150 cm in width;
• drooping large - reach 100 cm in height and 150 cm in width.

Modern parks. This group of roses includes hybrids of Cordes, musk, rugosa, moesi and shraba roses. The group itself was defined not so long ago and is abbreviated as shrabs. This includes all species that do not fall into other groups and have certain traits:

One of the varieties of the modern park rose

1. The inflorescences and buds of this group of roses often have an atypical shape of different shades.
2. Repetitive flowering is a characteristic feature. Shrabs bloom for a long time and actively.
3. Roses with a unique aroma in this group are found more often than among the same hybrid tea.
4. The prevailing number of scrubs has a powerful bush reaching 2 m, but at the same time they are graceful and voluminous.
5. Absolute undemandingness. Absolutely any novice gardener can grow a scrub.
6. Good immunity to diseases and excellent frost resistance.

Planting a rose with seeds

Many gardeners claim that it takes a long time for rose seeds to germinate, but you can speed up this process by leaving the seeds in the cold for a long time. Seed planting can be done in three different ways:

• for the winter in open ground;
• in the spring in open ground;
• seedlings in pots for the winter.

Seed boxes of roses

Sowing seeds for the winter in open ground. With this planting method, you do not need to keep the seeds in the cold, as this will happen anyway. But soaking the seeds for a while in a growth stimulator still does not hurt. Before the onset of frost, a plot of land is dug under a bed of roses, adding humus, compost or peat. In the garden, furrows are made no deeper than 4 cm in which the seeds are planted at a distance of 15 cm from each other. Cover furrows with soil. If the winter is especially frosty or with little snow, it is recommended to cover the garden.

Garden bed for spring sowing it is best to prepare it in the fall, but if there was no such opportunity, then you can do it in the spring when the soil thaws. Planting material must be kept for some time in a growth stimulator. Seeds, as in the case of autumn planting, must be planted in furrows at a distance of 10–20 cm and at a depth of 1 cm to 3 cm.

Treatment of rose seeds before planting

Before planting seeds for seedlings, they need to be kept at a low temperature for several months. It is preferable to plant in boxes at the end of February. The pots should be filled with a mixture of earth, sand and peat. Slightly press the seeds soaked in a growth stimulator into the prepared soil and cover with a small layer of fine sand. Spray enough water onto the sand and leave in a cool place.

Advice. When the first sprout appears, move the boxes to a bright, but protected from direct sunlight place. The rest of the seedlings will not be long in coming.

After the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, they need to be planted in separate pots, and at the beginning of May the plants can be transferred to open ground.

Plant care

You need to choose a sunny place for roses. In the shade, they bloom worse and paler, in addition, spots and blind shoots may appear on the leaves. The site should be well ventilated, but at the same time protected from strong cold winds. Roses have no special requirements for the soil; any, except for heavy ones, are suitable for them.

Rose bushes after watering

Roses are watered once a week so that the ground is soaked by 20-25 cm, otherwise the plant will put down superficial roots that can be easily damaged. In hot weather, watering is doubled. If the situation develops so that for a long time it will not be possible to water the roses, it is necessary to lay the bases of the bushes with grass, humus or tree bark. Doing this will help keep water in the roots of the roses and also make it harder for weeds to grow.

In the fall, most varieties are left for wintering in the open field, after wrapping the bush in a tight cotton bag, and sprinkling the roots with earth and sand.

Loosening the soil

Cupping plays a significant role in the health of flowers. If roses are cut off in a timely manner, you can increase the number of leaves and buds. For the winter, new shoots should be cut off if you are not sure that the rose will survive the winter well. New shoots will only take away strength.

Fertilizing and feeding roses

The best fertilizer is, of course, natural fertilizer. Such as dung. Horse manure, which has lain for at least six months, will be an ideal top dressing for roses. But with fresh chicken or pork dung, you should beware. It is too sour for roses and is quite capable of harming young, unstable shoots. And in general, fresh manure does not bring anything good to the soil, because it blocks nitrogen.

Root dressing of roses

Before flowering, when small buds have already appeared on the bushes, the roses are fed with calcium nitrate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). At a time when the bush is actively growing and developing, it must be fed with infused mullein, mineral fertilizers or herbal tincture. Such dressings are done every two weeks.

Advice. It is best to apply fertilizer in dissolved form after watering.

In the second half of summer, you should stop feeding and let the plant prepare for winter.

Plant propagation: methods

Summer rooting of cuttings. For grafting, the stems are not chosen the youngest, but not the old ones either. A sign that the stem is suitable for grafting is the ease with which the thorns break off. The stems are cut early in the morning and cut with a treated sterile knife into 12–15 cm cuttings. Each piece should contain two or three leaves and the same number of buds, but there should be no flowers on it. Leaves must be removed or cut by a third. This will prevent excessive moisture evaporation.

Rose cuttings

The wells must be pre-treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, and the future sprouts must be soaked in a honey solution (0.5 teaspoon honey in a glass of water), into which you can add crushed rose leaves. Cuttings are tilted into the holes at an angle and mini-greenhouses are made using glass jars. After a couple of weeks, you need to remove the cans for a short time to harden the processes. And after a week from the beginning of hardening, the cans can be completely removed. By autumn, when the shoots reach 30 cm, buds may appear on them, they are pinched so that the rose spends all its energy on the formation of the root system, and not on flowers.

Planting cuttings in the fall. It happens that you got a unique rose in the fall, but it will not be possible to force it to take root by winter, and it is not always convenient to store cuttings in the house in winter. In such cases, divide the stem into cuttings and dig them into the garden. Cover the top with a dry layer of leaves or covering material so that in winter the plant does not freeze, and in the spring, transfer it to a permanent place in the usual way.

Winter shelter for rose bushes

Rooting in potatoes - This is the most common method of breeding roses, because roses are fed from potatoes in addition to carbohydrates and starch.In a lighted place, it is necessary to dig a groove up to 15 cm deep and fill it with sand by about a third. We stick the cuttings up to 20 cm long into the potato and deepen it by 10 cm. Then everything is done as in the usual way: cover with jars and after a while harden the plants. Every five days, you can pour a sugar solution (2 teaspoons of sugar in a glass of water).

Rooting a rose in a potato

Reproduction in a package. The lower part of the cuttings is moistened with aloe juice in a 1: 9 ratio of aloe juice to water and stuck into sterile soil, packed in a bag. I fill the bag with air, tie it securely so that the air does not come out and hang it on the window. A month later, when the roots appear on the cuttings, they are planted in the above way.

Reproduction of a rose in a package

Rooting in water. Freshly cut roses are rooted in this way. Plant stems cut into cuttings must be placed in distilled water. Remember to remove all thorns and flowers. Leaves can also be trimmed or shortened. Change the water periodically until the stems take root.

Rooting rose cuttings in water

Advice. With any rooting method, always remove the thorns and inflorescences from the stem, and shorten the leaves by a third.

Diseases and pests

Many varieties of roses have a fairly strong immunity to various kinds of diseases, but this does not mean that roses do not get sick at all. Most often, roses are observed with diseases caused by various fungi.

1. Rust appears in spring. It is characterized by spots on the upper part of the leaves and bright orange clusters of spores on the inside of the leaf, which begin to turn black by the second half of summer. The rose begins to lose its leaves, and the stems acquire a reddish tint. For treatment, decoctions of field ivy are used, damaged parts are immediately removed if found.

   Rust on rose leaves

2. Black spot appears in late summer with excess water or lack of nutrition. The leaves of roses quickly become covered with dark spots with yellow edging, then the spots pass to the stems of the plant, the flower loses its leaves and dies after a while. The treatment for this disease is the same as for rust.

   Black spot on rose leaves

3. Powdery mildew is another common disease. It got its name because of the peculiarity of forming a flour coating on the leaves and stems of the plant, on which drops later appear. This disease mainly affects varieties grown in greenhouses and indoor plants. The disease spreads very quickly and infects neighboring bushes, therefore, at the slightest suspicion, immediate action is required. Damaged plants are cut and burned, and ash must be added to the ground under the bushes and dug up.

   Powdery mildew on stems and leaves of a rose

Rose: combination with other plants

As neighbors for roses, you can select plants that will not only look good next to you, but will also bring a lot of benefits. For example, they will protect the rose from harmful insects.

Rose combined with lavender

If you plant nasturtium or lavender together with roses, then this is guaranteed to protect the roses from the appearance of aphids. But marigolds and calendula will get rid of beetles. Onions and garlic have a beneficial effect on the health of roses and even add aroma to them.

Rose in landscape design

Most gardeners prefer to plant roses in separate flower beds, but recently this approach to using roses in landscaping has become less popular. Indeed, many roses are in perfect harmony with perennials that decorate the borders, or with low groups of shrubs. When choosing color combinations, it is important to take into account the shades and shapes of the inflorescences.

For mixborders, it is better to choose musk rose hybrids, since they are the owners of regular-shaped bushes and are covered with bouquets of bright flowers. Some varieties of floribunda roses and not too tall shrabs are preferably planted in a flower bed with perennials.Choose varieties with medium-sized flowers for such a bed so that they are in harmony with perennials, and not compete.

Rose in landscape design

Rose varieties, which are among the most unpretentious to care for, can be placed in problem areas of the garden. Climbing types of roses will help to disguise buildings and unsympathetic structures. Soil scrubs will look perfect on slopes and slides. A huge variety of varieties and types of roses will allow you to create your own unique and unique landscape design.

Many novice gardeners, considering the rose as the queen of flowers by right, are afraid to start growing it on their site, believing that she needs royal care. However, this is not at all the case. Following simple rules and tips, growing a rose will become a pleasure for you, and your rose garden will be a source of pride.

Growing roses from seeds: video

Rose varieties: photo

Shrub roses add charm to any garden

A bush rose is a small bush (about 2 m) with flowers, the size of which practically does not differ from the buds of decorative standard roses.

The flowers of the bush rose have different shades, they are exquisite and with a bright aroma, which makes it possible to delight any person.

Planting a bush rose

Planting of this gorgeous plant is carried out both in spring and summer.

When planting in autumn, it is important to prune the seedlings and remove the leaves.

Seat selection

The most important thing before planting a spray rose is to choose a suitable place. The intensity of flowering roses will directly depend on this.

So, in particular, spray roses love the sun. Therefore, it is in a sunny place of the site that they must be planted.

The site chosen for landing should not be blown by winds and be away from groundwater.

Soil preparation

Ideal in composition will be the soil that allows moisture and air to pass through, and is slightly acidic.

This soil can be garden soil mixed with peat and bone meal.

Landing features

Immediately before planting a bush rose seedling, you must examine its roots. Too long and damaged should be cut.

With dried roots, they need to be kept in water for some time. In accordance with the size of the bush and its roots, you need to make a planting hole.

The roots should not be bent, they should look down. The root system is covered with a prepared soil mixture, which is evenly distributed over the entire surface and is slightly compacted.

The top layer of the earth should be slightly loosened, and then the planted plant should be watered abundantly.

A layer of peat can be laid out on top of the planting. When the bush rose gets stronger and grows a little, it should be spud and carefully mulched the soil.

Read about planting and caring for Thunberg barberry here.

If you want to know what mulching is, how and why to do it, read about it in the article.

Reproduction of bush roses

Cuttings

The propagation of a bush rose takes place in several ways, each of which will have its own characteristics.

The best way to propagate a bush rose is by cuttings, which is best done in August.

For cuttings, you will need a healthy and strong rose bush, not damaged by diseases and pests. You need to choose mature and reliable shoots equipped with at least three leaves.

For the purpose of reproduction, only the upper leaves are left on the shoot. Next, the cutting is planted in a container to its lower point.

A suitable container should be prepared in advance with high-quality and fertilized soil poured into it. After planting the cutting, it must be well watered and covered with any container.

Reproduction by layering

Another popular method of propagation of a bush rose is propagation with the help of layers, which is performed at the end of summer. For this, the soil is prepared, which contains peat. A strong and well-rooted plant with flexible long shoots is selected.

An incision is made at the bottom of the shoot, into which you need to insert a match and bury it with peat. To locate the shoot vertically relative to the ground, it should be tied to a support. After the diversion gives a kidney, you need to transplant it.

Also see the video for the cultivation and reproduction of a bush rose:

Shrub rose care

Caring for a bush rose is considered not too difficult. It boils down to performing certain actions to keep the plant beautiful and healthy.

Top dressing

Fertilizing roses is one of the main aspects of care. Top dressing should be given the utmost attention.

Monthly scheme for feeding a bush rose:

1. In April after preventive pruning, the roses are fed with nitrogen, which is contained in ammonium nitrate, ammophos and urea.

   In addition to nitrogen-containing fertilizers, bush roses also perceive organic matter well, including compost teas, which have a beneficial effect on the growth and development of plants, their root system.

2. With coming May roses can be fed with spring Kemira, saltpeter, ammoph or urea, as well as organic matter.

   For the correct introduction of organic matter and, in particular, cow dung along the radius of the hole in which the rose bush grows, a furrow is drawn with a hoe, where the fertilizer is laid. If the feeding was already done in April, then roses should not be fed in May.

3. In June buds are laid on the rose, so feeding must be done at least twice. For this purpose, solutions of mullein, horse manure, ash and chicken droppings are useful.

   These solutions should be sprayed with a herbaceous whisk on rose flower leaves in the evening. Foliar feeding is also carried out with infusions made on the basis of potash fertilizers, which include saltpeter and potassium magnesium.

4. In July upon completion of flowering roses and trimming the buds, the plant needs recharge.

   For this purpose, universal fertilizers are used. You can also add liquid organic matter from manure, droppings and compost. Nettle infusion will be good. However, from all of the above, it is worth choosing one thing.

5. In August the bush rose is fed for the last time. Top dressing is carried out with phosphorus and potassium separately, bromine, iron, molybdenum, zinc, as well as trace elements so that the rose can prepare for winter and meet it in a healthy state.
6. With coming september the main autumn fertilizer is phosphorus, which is introduced into the soil in the form of superphosphate.

   At this time of the year, it is strongly discouraged to introduce nitrogen into the soil, which will not allow the rose to leave for the winter at rest. Potash fertilizers, which are quickly absorbed by the rose, will not interfere in the form of fertilizers, helping to strengthen it before the coming cold weather.

In rainy and cold weather, it is better to give the rose foliar dressing, which will improve the general condition of the plant and increase the size and number of flowers.

Pruning a bush rose

Regular pruning of a bush rose will keep its charm and shape the bush as it grows.

The best time for the main pruning of a bush rose is early spring - the moment the buds swell.

Weak and damaged branches are subject to pruning, as well as those branches that will interfere with others that have a better location on the bush.

Pruning the shrub rose correctly will regulate its flowering. The longer the left part of the branch is, the correspondingly more flowers will be on it.

When pruning in spring, you should pay attention to the buds of the bush rose. If, for example, the upper kidneys are frozen out in a harsh winter and do not wake up, then they should be removed to a well-swollen kidney.

To maintain the beauty and health of a bush rose, it is necessary to cut it regularly.

A bush rose also requires some maintenance in summer. It is imperative to remove dried shoots with branches and fallen flowers with a pedicel.

It is necessary to control the growth of the crown of a bush rose. In particular, blind shoots should be cut out so that the crown is well ventilated and there is no reason for the development of diseases.

It is also worth removing shoots that are too long, which are knocked out of the general outline of the crown. This can be done at the moment when the flowers on these branches begin to crumble.

It is necessary to regularly remove fallen petals and leaves, which quickly rot and can contribute to the development of various diseases, making the bush sloppy.

Watering

Shrub roses love abundant watering, which is best done early in the morning or in the evening when the sun sets. It is important to control the watering process, since if water drops are on the leaves, then there is a chance that the bush rose will get sunburn.

Preparing a spray rose for winter

When preparing a bush rose for winter, you should make the last cleaning of flower beds with roses, weeding and loosening them. Just before wintering, roses can be treated with fungicides, sprinkled with ash to prevent rot and disease.

After completing all the work, the bush rose is prepared for shelter for the winter.

This event is done in two ways: the bush is cut to the height of the shelter or the rose branches are bent to the ground.

In the first case, the work associated with pruning is reduced, and in the second case, a large volume of the bush is preserved, which ultimately leads to abundant and earlier flowering.

If you want to learn about the peculiarities of growing hydrangeas in Siberia, click here.

Read about planting and caring for blue spruce in the article at the link

You can also read about popular freesia varieties and how to plant and care for them.

Pest and disease control of bush rose

It is necessary to start the fight against pests and diseases of a bush rose with preventive measures that are carried out throughout the year.

These include weeding and pruning of bush roses, their timely and sufficient watering, making the necessary dressing, as well as proper preparation for winter.

Of the diseases, the greatest danger to bush roses is represented by fungal diseases. To avoid them, you should choose a planting site without high humidity, with high groundwater, without drafts, not darkened.

If the fungal disease still managed to infect a bush rose, then rotted shoots and roots should be removed by transplanting the rose to a more suitable place. Also, during winter storage of seedlings in unventilated and damp rooms, there is a high probability of developing fungal diseases.

If the rules for sanitary pruning of a bush rose are not followed, the probability of its death is high. Therefore, before spraying with chemicals for diseases, branches, buds and leaves already infected with the disease should be removed in a timely manner. This will help prevent further contamination of healthy parts of the plant and nearby bushes.

The defeat of the leaves of a bush rose with rust

Bush rose diseases should also include black spot, powdery and downy mildew, anthracnose, gray mold, rust, cercospora. In the fight against these and other diseases, various drugs will be effective, including fungicides that are optimal for the local climate and are recommended by flower growers.

In the fight against pests, it is important to control their appearance on a bush rose and timely countermeasures.

The most common pest is aphids... With its small colonies, aphids are washed off with soapy water. With a large spread of aphids, it is recommended to use insecticides and special preparations.

Bush rose pests are gnawing pests such as beetles and caterpillars, as well as sawer larvae. Spider mites and cicadas can also do a lot of damage to a bush rose.

Varieties

Shrub roses do not have a strict classification.All of them belong to the group of scrub and are distinguished by bright colors of various shapes, unpretentiousness, aroma, long-term abundant flowering, as well as resistance to frost.

Among the popular varieties of spray roses are English roses, which were created by breeder David Austin.

Very popular with English roses are varieties such as Abraham darby, Graham thomas and grade Burghausen, which is widely used for single landings, reaching two meters in height.

Canadian roses are famous for their frost resistance.

With good cover, they can withstand temperatures down to -40 degrees Celsius.

The family of Canadian roses includes roses from the series Explorer roses and Parkland roses... Variety Morden centennial belongs to one of the most beautiful types of Canadian roses. Its crimson double flowers with a diameter of 7-10 cm have up to fifty petals in their buds.

Morden Centennial bush roses

Ground cover roses have long shoots. They are able to create a beautiful flowering carpet. They are widely used to decorate gazebos and arches.

Due to their abundant continuous flowering, they are popular for landscaping.

The use of spray roses in landscape design

Shrub roses will certainly be able to decorate the landscape. They will give their owners shade on a hot day. Shrub roses, thanks to a variety of colors, shapes and aromas of flowers, will give the garden, in truth, a unique look.

So, for example, varieties Hansaland and Robusta most suitable for creating a hedge. Bushes also look very impressive. Mozart and Lupo, which will differ in their semi-double colors. Their bloom is so abundant that the flowers will practically hide the foliage of the bush.

If the site permits, then spray roses can be planted in groups of three to five bushes. When the plants mature, they will give the impression of a huge blooming ball.

Jul 14, 2015Elena Tymoshchuk

Shrub roses belong to the genus of rose hips, which appeared on Earth about 40 million years ago. Today this genus unites about 250 species of various plants and more than 200 thousand varieties. At first, the rose was called by the ancient Persian word "wrodon", then in Greek it was called "rhodon". Later this word was transformed by the Romans into "rosa". In temperate and warm regions of the Northern Hemisphere, roses can be found in the wild, they are not inferior in beauty and excellent aroma to garden forms. Today, gardeners grow a wide variety of varieties and hybrids of this plant, which are distinguished by the amazing beauty of the flowers. They are especially popular not only among flower growers, gardeners and landscape designers, but also among all lovers of beauty. Despite the fact that roses have an incredibly beautiful appearance, they are very easy to grow. This explains their widespread use in green building. There are the following types of cultivated roses: garden and park. The most popular among garden roses are the following groups: hybrid tea, grandiflora, climbing, ground cover, bush, floribunda, polyanthus, and miniature. Below will be described in detail about spray roses.

Features of spray roses

Bushes of this type of rose can have a very different shape, directly depending on the variety - from spreading to narrow pyramidal. Also, the height of the bush depends on the type and variety, which can vary from 25 to 300 centimeters (and even more). The branches of the bushes of such plants are divided into 2 types, namely, annual stems and uterine (main) stems. Unpaired leaf plates have elliptical or ovoid leaflets with a serrated edge. They also have 2 leaf-like stipules.

The peduncle of such plants can be 10–80 centimeters long, with the diameter of the flowers varying from 2 to 18 centimeters.The incredibly beautiful rose flowers can have a wide variety of shapes and colors. Flowers, as a rule, consist of 5-120 petals. There are both single flowers and those that are part of inflorescences (3–200 pieces). In shape, flowers are distinguished pompom, cone-shaped, saucer-shaped, peony-shaped, cup-shaped, flat, spherical and others. The color of roses can be very different, so today there are no flowers only of deep blue color. Thanks to the labors of breeders, a huge variety of varieties and hybrids of roses appeared, which can be painted in a variety of color shades and their combinations, while the "list" is constantly growing. Of course, the blossoming rose flowers are an amazing sight. And even the most sophisticated connoisseur of beauty can be delighted with roses, which change their color during flowering. Also, these flowers are distinguished by a wide variety of aromas.

Features of growing spray roses in the garden

No wonder the rose is called the "queen of flowers". If you want to have a fragrant rose bush in your garden, then you just need to know some of the features and tricks in caring for it. So, in order for this plant to grow and develop normally in your garden, you need to know that:

1. Shrub roses are distinguished by a relatively high frost resistance, but this does not mean at all that they do not need preparation for wintering. In this case, it is worth considering the fact that these flowers, as a rule, are large enough, and therefore the gardener will have to make an effort in order to properly wrap the bush. So, for example, a floribunda rose or a hybrid tea has a slightly smaller size.
2. This plant is not very demanding to care for, as they usually say about it. However, it should be borne in mind that he simply needs annual formative pruning of the stems, as well as sanitary ones.
3. In the autumn, it is imperative to carry out the procedure for pruning re-flowering bushes.
4. It should be remembered that there are a large number of fairly sharp thorns on the stems.
5. The bushes of such a plant are spreading and have an extremely spectacular appearance. A shrub rose is often used to form a hedge, and can also be grown as a single plant.

How to plant a rose

What time is a rose planting

Experts advise planting bush roses exclusively in autumn, from the beginning of September to the second half of October. It is recommended to purchase planting material shortly before planting, and not in the spring. The fact is that in spring, as a rule, they sell planting material that was not sold out last fall. When purchasing seedlings, you need to be extremely careful and make a thorough inspection of them. It is worth buying only those seedlings that look the most powerful and do not have signs of diseases.

After you purchase quality planting material, you will need to choose the most suitable planting site. Such a plant is photophilous. The optimal place for planting it will be one that is located at a distance from shrubs and trees, which has good illumination, but at the same time is in shade at lunchtime. In this area, bushes will grow that will look simply luxurious, while their flowering will last for a relatively long time, and the flowers will not lose their color saturation. It should also be borne in mind that the place for planting a rose should not be in the lowland, it is also better if the groundwater is not located too close to the soil surface. It is also recommended to protect the bush from the wind blowing from the north-east or from the north. An area where roses have been grown for quite a long time is not suitable for planting. Slightly acidic (pH 6 to 6.5) soil that is well drained is best suited for these plants.It should also be borne in mind that the more nutritious the soil is, the more beautiful and magnificent the flowering of the bushes will be.

Landing rules

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be prepared. This is done just before landing. You will need a very sharp instrument that must be sterilized. With it, you need to trim the roots, while completely cutting off the dried ones, and also shorten the shoots to a height of 15 to 20 centimeters. Then the root system should be immersed in water for several hours and pulled out just before planting. Prepare a rounded fossa with a diameter of 40 to 50 centimeters. It should be remembered that the depth of the pit should be 10 centimeters higher than the height of the root system, measured together with a lump of earth. The bottom of the hole must be loosened using a pitchfork. In order to determine a more accurate depth of the planting hole, you should take into account the height at which the graft is located. So, after landing, it should be at a depth of 3-4 centimeters.

The soil that remains after digging the planting hole should be combined with compost (3: 1) and a handful of wood ash should also be poured into it. Dissolve 1 tablet of heteroauxin in 10 liters of water and pour the resulting solution into the hole. In order for the bushes to take root in a short time, they must be planted correctly. First, the plant itself must be lowered into the hole, and then gradually you need to fill it with soil, while holding the seedling by the stem. The soil needs to be compacted all the time. Around the bush, you need to make a circular roller at a distance of 30 centimeters from the stem, which will help the water not to spread during watering. Then you need to spud the seedling to a height of 15 centimeters and shade it from the sun for 10 days. The second time it will be necessary to water the bush after two days.

In the event that a rose intended for planting in the garden grows in a container, a small amount of soil mixed with compost should be poured into the hole. Pour a lot of water into the container and lower it into the prepared hole. Carefully remove the container and then pour the required amount of soil into the hole. Then follow the instructions above.

The distance between the bushes directly depends on the variety of flowers and can vary from 100 to 200 centimeters. The same distance should be left in the aisles.

Autumn planting

When planting a bush rose in autumn, it is necessary to start preparing for this procedure 8 weeks in advance. In the event that the groundwater comes too close to the soil surface, then it is imperative to build a raised flower bed for roses. Otherwise, the root system of the plant will be almost constantly damp, and from this rot may appear on it, the bushes themselves will look unhealthy. Remember that the soil in the garden is ideal only in isolated cases, in this regard, it needs to be "corrected" so that it becomes suitable for growing a bush rose. Remember that how beautiful the bush you grow will be directly dependent on the composition of the soil. During the digging of the soil, fertilizers and humus should be added to it. So, per 1 m2 of the plot, a full ten-liter bucket of peat and garden compost (manure) is taken, a couple of glasses of wood ash and bone meal, as well as from 30 to 50 grams of superphosphate. In excessively clayey soil, you need to add sand (1 or 2 buckets per 1 m2). During planting, you must follow the rules described above. Bushes planted in autumn must be completely covered with soil for wintering.

Planting a rose in spring

In the event that the winter period is characterized by severe frosts, then the planting of a rose seedling can be done in the spring. This is done from mid-April to the second half of May, it is necessary that the soil be warmed up to 10 degrees. It is recommended to prepare the above pit preparation at least 4 weeks before disembarkation.It is necessary to trim too long roots and completely remove those that have dried out, as well as diseased ones. It is necessary to cut the stems so that they are 10 to 15 centimeters high and have at least 2–4 buds. In the case when the planting material has been stored for a long time, and its roots have dried up quite a bit, it is necessary to lower them into the water a day before planting, and immediately before planting, immerse them in a clay-dung chatterbox. A small part of the prepared soil should be poured into the hole with a slide (see above for how to do this). Then you need to put a seedling in it and hold it by the shoot with one hand, with the other you need to gradually pour the soil into the hole, not forgetting to constantly tamp it. Remember that the grafting site should be at a depth of 3 to 5 centimeters. When the seedling is planted, it should be watered well, and when the water is absorbed, then spud. After the first shoots appear, the soil that was used to huddle the bush must be removed. In this case, the surface of the soil around the bush should be sprinkled with a layer of mulch (humus or peat), the height of which should be about 5-8 centimeters. Pine bark or wood chips should be used as mulch for areas with non-renovated roses.

How to care for roses in the garden

Growing a rose

During the first year after planting a bush rose, you need to regularly pinch the ends of the stems so that the bush becomes more and more magnificent. Also, until mid-summer, you should pick off the buds immediately after they appear. The fact is that they are able to take away a large amount of strength from a fragile young bush. From the middle of the summer period, you should wait until the bud is fully formed, and then break it off. It should be noted that this type of rose is distinguished by its fast growth. In a relatively short time, it becomes a powerful bush and there are much fewer problems in growing with it than, for example, with a standard, room or climbing rose. In order for the rose to feel comfortable and healthy, it should be looked after following certain rules. In order for the plant to feel well and develop normally, it needs systematic watering and loosening of the soil surface, regular pruning of stems and removal of weeds, as well as timely feeding with suitable fertilizers.

How to water properly

Such plants are not very moisture-loving. Experts advise watering only if necessary, or rather, when the soil becomes completely dry. It should be remembered that watering should be infrequent, but quite abundant. However, newly planted bushes during the first year of life need to be watered every 2 days. In spring, they water more abundantly, as young stems and leaf plates begin to grow actively. In a dry hot summer period, the frequency of watering should be increased, while it should be borne in mind that for each rose bush, 1 full ten-liter bucket of water should be used. Watering should be at the root and gently enough so as not to expose the plant's root system. Remember that you cannot water a bush rose with cold water. In the last days of the summer period, after the bush has faded, the amount of water used for watering is reduced. This will avoid stagnation of liquid in the soil, and protect the plant from the appearance of fungal diseases in the root system. However, before the winter period, it is imperative to soak the soil with water. Watering is recommended in the morning, before the heat begins, or in the evening, but it should be borne in mind that if droplets of liquid fall on the leaf blades, they must evaporate before nightfall. Drip irrigation is recommended.

Fertilizer

It is necessary to feed a bush rose systematically.After the plant is planted, it is not necessary to feed it during the first year, but from the second year of life it is simply necessary to regularly apply fertilizers to the soil. Feeding mode:

• the first (double feeding) - is done in spring at the very beginning of the period of active growth;
• the second - during the budding period;
• the third - when the plant fades;
• fourth - before the stems begin to lignify.

After the rose is pruned in spring, top dressing is performed, for this, 20 grams of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate are taken per 1 square meter. After half a month, it is necessary to repeat the application of nitrogen-containing fertilizer. During budding, the following nutrient mixture is used to feed the rose: 30 grams of superphosphate, 20 to 30 grams of ammonium nitrate, 10 grams of potassium salt (per 1 square meter). It is possible to replace such nutritional mixtures used for feeding with Kemiroi Universal, while 30 to 40 grams of the substance is taken per 1 square meter. When flowering ends, complex fertilizers with microelements are used for feeding. From the last days of July, it is necessary to stop feeding the bush with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. From August to September, superphosphate and potassium salt must be added to the soil, while 30-40 grams of fertilizer are taken per 1 square meter. If there is a desire, then you can feed spray roses alternately with organic, then mineral fertilizers. It is recommended to use slurry, chicken droppings or wood ash as organic fertilizers.

Transplant features

After some time after planting a bush rose, it must be transplanted. The fact is that over time, it grows strongly and at the same time loses its attractive appearance. It is recommended to transplant a rose in April or October, while it is worth considering that in spring the plant tolerates this procedure much better than in autumn. Before proceeding with the transplant, you need to cut the bush by 20 centimeters, remove all weak or damaged branches, and rip off the existing leaves. It should be noted that in a grafted bush, the root system grows deeper. In the case when the rose is self-rooted, its roots are located relatively close to the soil surface. Taking into account these features of the plant, you need to pull the bush out of the ground using a shovel along with a lump of earth. If the peripheral roots are injured during the digging of the rose, then there is nothing to worry about. The fact is that after transplanting a bush to a new place, such roots will quickly recover. It is recommended to transfer the excavated root system to a large piece of durable cloth, which will facilitate its transfer to a new location. Moreover, if there is such a need, then when planting a rose, you can not remove the fabric, over time it will rot itself. A large amount of water should be poured into the prepared pit. Further, the transplant is carried out according to the same rules as planting a seedling. During planting, it should be borne in mind that in a grafted rose, the graft should be under the soil at a depth of 3 to 5 centimeters, and in a rooted bush, a clod of earth should be at the same level with the soil surface.

Diseases

Growing such plants in unsuitable conditions for them can lead to the fact that they become very weak and lose resistance to diseases, as well as various harmful insects can settle on them. Weakened plants are often infected with diseases such as: downy mildew (downy mildew), black spot (marsonina roses), powdery mildew, rust or chlorosis. In order to get rid of fungal diseases, you must use one of the following fungicidal agents: a suspension of colloidal sulfur (1%) or a solution of copper sulfate (3%). Chlorosis occurs due to the fact that the plant lacks some element, most often iron.A rose with chlorosis changes its color to yellow. In order to find out which element is missing, it will be necessary to conduct a soil analysis. After that, you need to add the soil, the missing element to the rose in the form of salts in the recommended dosage.

Pests

A variety of pests can settle on a bush rose, which are divided into sucking and gnawing. Gnawers include sawfly larvae, beetles, and caterpillars, while suckers include ticks, cicadas, aphids, scale insects and whiteflies. Insects, which are suckers, settle on the aerial parts of the rose. They are able to pierce them and suck out plant sap. As a result, the leaf plates turn yellow, curl and fly around, and the stem can also dry out. Gnawing insects feed directly on parts of the rose. As a result, the growth and development of the bush slows down, flowering becomes scarce, and the plant loses its attractive appearance. You can fight harmful insects after they settle on the plant, but experienced gardeners recommend preventive treatment in the spring. This must be done before the kidneys swell, and insecticidal agents such as karbofos, actellic or rogor should be used for this. You can also use a solution for this purpose, which included a bucket of water and 2 grams of kerosene. In the autumn, after the roses have been pruned, all trimmed branches and fallen leaves must be removed and burned. Then it is necessary to process the bush itself and the soil surface under it with special means.

How to trim properly

What time to prune

Pruning roses is the most time-consuming procedure in caring for such plants, which must be done. After pruning, the bush will become more branched and the number of flowers will increase. The stems should be cut in spring, summer and autumn. Pruning in the spring is the most important, as the bush will be able to free itself of unnecessary and damaged stems, as well as its formation. In the summer, as a rule, pruning is carried out only for sanitary purposes. So, during it, all the extra buds are removed, leaving only one, as a result of which the flower turns out to be very large and beautiful. Withered flowers and existing fruits are also removed. In autumn, pruning is needed in order to remove all weak, injured and diseased stems, which take a lot of strength from the rose.

How is pruning done

All injured and weak branches should be removed from the bush before the buds swell. You also need to cut off those branches that grow inside the bush, and then you can proceed directly to the formation. In the event that 2 branches interfere with each other, you need to cut off the one that is less well placed, or leave the one that is younger (the bark has a light color). When growing a grafted bush rose, you need to pay special attention to pruning the root shoots, because it takes a lot of strength from the flower, as a result of which flowering may not occur at all. It is recommended to cut off all but the strongest and toughest stems, which should bloom this year. If you are unable to properly cut a faded bush, you need to do it at your own discretion. It should be remembered that after pruning, at least 2 buds should remain on the stems. Young greens appear rather quickly on the cut bush. Caution in pruning must be exercised when the soil is already depleted or the bush is old, because it is no longer able to so actively restore its own shape. In autumn, you should cut off all the flowers that have already wilted and you need to cut off damaged, weak branches or those that grow inside the bush. Be sure to process the cuts with a garden pitch.

Reproduction of roses

Reproduction methods

A shrub rose can be propagated by seeds and vegetatively, namely:

• division of the bush;
• cuttings;
• layering;
• offspring;
• graft.

Seed propagation

Most often, only breeders propagate by seeds a rose, wanting to develop a new hybrid or variety. Only a plant growing in the wild can be propagated by seeds, but it should be borne in mind that not all known species will be able to produce seeds capable of sprouting. In the last days of July or in August, seed harvesting should be carried out, while the fruits should turn red. They should be cleaned and stored in moistened sand for 4 months, while the temperature should be maintained between 2 and 5 degrees. This is the stratification necessary for the seeds. In spring, they should be immersed in a solution of a substance that stimulates root growth (for example, heteroauxin) for several hours, after which they are sown, buried in the soil by 1-3 centimeters, and the surface of the soil is sprinkled with a layer of mulch (peat, humus). After the formation of 2-3 true leaves, the plants are planted, while the gaps between them should be from 6 to 8 centimeters, and between the rows - 20 centimeters. In the summertime, it is necessary to feed the plants with mineral fertilizers. For this, 60 grams of phosphorus, 40 grams of nitrogen and 10 grams of potash fertilizers are taken per 1 square meter. Throughout the next year, it is necessary to provide the plants with the necessary care (watering, feeding, weeding). In August, when the plants grow up, they are used as a stock.

Roses from cuttings

Cutting is considered the most reliable way to propagate a bush rose. As stem cuttings, 2 types of shoots are used, namely: semi-lignified and lignified. This propagation method is often used in relation to indoor or park roses. The green stems begin to lignify after the first flowers bloom, which is a signal that it is time to cut the cuttings. Overly lignified and green stems should not be used for grafting. The approximate thickness of the handle is equal to the thickness of a pencil, and its length is about 8 centimeters. An upper cut should be made 5 mm above the kidney, which should be straight. The lower cut must be made directly under the kidney and at the same time it must be oblique (at an angle of 45 degrees). From the bottom of the cutting, all thorns and leaves should be cut off, while only 2 leaf plates should remain and they should be shortened by 1/2 part. The slice at the bottom must be treated with phytohormones.

It is necessary to root the cuttings in the open field. To do this, they are planted in a shaded place in a prepared groove filled with sand (the thickness of the sand layer is 15 centimeters). A distance of 15 to 30 centimeters is maintained between the cuttings. Near the cutting it is necessary to compact the soil, then water it and cover everything with foil. You should have a semblance of a miniature greenhouse. You can make small holes in the shelter so that fresh air can flow to the roses, or you need to systematically open it for ventilation. Provide the plants with timely watering, feeding, weeding and loosening of the substrate. The resulting buds must be torn off, as they weaken the plant. For wintering, these roses should be covered with insulation folded in 2 layers, and a plastic wrap should be laid on top. With the onset of spring, the insulation must be removed, and gradually it is necessary to accustom the plant to the external environment. To do this, you need to open the shelter. It will be possible to transplant the grown stalk to a permanent place in the garden only in the 3rd year of life.

Graft

Vaccination is carried out on young rosehip seedlings. The most suitable species for this purpose is the dog rose (Rosa canina), as well as about 20 of its varieties. It has high frost resistance and a well-developed root system. And as a stock, you can use such roses as wrinkled, loose, small-flowered, cinnamon, etc. Grafting by budding is carried out in the summer in mid-July:

1. Remove soil from the root collar of the rootstock and tear off all side stems.
2. An incision is made in the root collar in the form of the letter "T", while the horizontal incision is 10 mm, and the vertical incision is 25 mm. In the incision, you need to gently push the bark.
3. A ripe stalk is cut from a varietal rose. He needs to remove the leaves and the top. Cut a peephole from it with a movement from the bottom up, while grabbing a layer of wood (its excess must be removed).
4. The eye is inserted into the incision in the scion, and this place is tightly washed out with an oculatory film.
5. After 21 days, you need to see how the kidney is feeling. If everything is fine, then it will swell, and if not, it will turn black.

Before wintering, it is necessary to huddle the plant, while it is necessary to deepen the grafting site by 5 centimeters. In springtime, carefully remove the soil from the grafting and peel off the film. It is necessary to trim the stock so that only 1 centimeter remains above the graft. The stem that has grown from the bud will need to be pinched over 3 or 4 leaf plates. If you take care of the bush correctly, then by the fall it can already be transplanted to a permanent place.

Dividing the bush

It is possible to divide a bush only from a self-rooted plant. In the autumn or spring time, you need to dig a bush and divide it with a very sharp, pre-sterilized tool into parts. Each delenka must have roots and at least 1 stem. Treat the cuts with chopped charcoal and plant the cut as usual. The floribunda division and the polyanthus rose are best tolerated. When dividing a bush in early spring by summer, the division will already bloom profusely.

Layers

Layers can be obtained from both grafted and self-rooted bushes. To do this, you need stems that grow at the root collar. At the beginning of spring, you need to make an annular cut on this stem. Then it is pressed against the soil and placed in a not very deep groove dug in advance. Fix the stem in the middle with a hook or a wire bracket and cover it with a substrate, but the top should be on the soil surface. Stick a peg near the top and tie it so that it faces up. Do not forget to water the soil over the cut in the summer. Separation of the layering should be done only with the onset of the next spring period.

Roses after flowering

What to do after the end of flowering

It is necessary to water the plants less and less each time, while in September, stop watering altogether. In mid-August, you need to feed the bush with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Young shoots can be removed, since they will not mature before winter. In autumn, you just need to weed and loosen the soil. For hilling roses for wintering, you will need a dry mixture of sand (peat) and soil. After the first frost, it is necessary to spud the bush to a height of 15 to 20 centimeters and close this place with a film, protecting it from precipitation. If you need to plant or transplant a plant, then you can do this in September.

Preparing roses for winter

In the fall, cut off all diseased, weak, dried out or injured branches, cut off the unripe tips of the stems. Anoint the slices with garden var. Make sure that after pruning, the stems are no longer than 50 centimeters. Tear off all the leaves and collect them also from under the bush. It is recommended to destroy them. Treat the bush and the surface of the soil under it with Bordeaux liquid (1%). After the temperature at night drops to less than minus 6-8 degrees, the bushes should be covered with dried leaves or spruce branches. A special insulation is also suitable for shelter, but under it in winter the plant can begin to rot. For this, a frame is made of 2 arcs, which are installed crosswise. Insulating material is laid on top, and a film is placed on it.

Roses in winter

On the site it is necessary to place bait for rodents with poison. After the snowdrifts appear, the covered rose bushes should be covered with snow. The bushes covered with insulation should be ventilated during thaws.