Daylilies planting and care in the open field preparing for winter

Daylilies are said to be a good choice for busy, beginner or lazy gardeners. With the help of these luxurious, but unpretentious flowers, they create long-flowering compositions of various characteristics that do not require laborious maintenance. A few simple tips will help you succeed and grow incredibly beautiful daylilies when planted outdoors.

How daylilies grow in the climatic conditions of Russia

Only a few species of this plant are found in nature. Breeders have bred more than one and a half hundred varieties and about 70 thousand hybrids.

Daylilies are open ground herbaceous plants with long, narrow leaves growing from one base. Long, strong peduncles emerge from the dense green curtain, but which large funnel-shaped flowers bloom alternately, monochromatic or multi-colored, plain, double-row or terry, depending on the variety.

Plants are undemanding to soil, fertilizing, moisture, temperature.

Important provide them with good lighting, choosing a sunny place or light partial shade for planting.

They take root well in all Russian regions. Even the harsh, snowy winters of central Siberia endure without additional shelter. However, experienced gardeners recommend taking into account some climatic features when growing:

• in the southern regions of Russia, it is better to place the daylily in partial shadeprotecting from prolonged exposure to the hot sun;
• in areas where there is little snow in winter, on the eve of cold weather planting daylily it is worth covering with spruce branches or laying a layer of mulch; the shelter must be removed at the very beginning of spring to prevent rotting of the root collar of the plant.

When is the best time to plant flowers outdoors?

It is permissible to plant in the ground any time from spring to autumn... But if possible, it is better to do it in May or August.

Plants, planted in warm ground in spring, quickly take root and bloom in the same summer. They manage to prepare well for wintering, form flower buds for flowering next year.

In late summer or early September, it is worth planting daylilies in regions where autumn is long and warm, and winter comes late. Flowers will also have time to take root and survive the winter successfully. After landing cut the leaves at a distance of 12-15 cm from the root collar, the soil around the bush is mulched with a layer of 8-12 cm.

It is more correct to replant and divide old bushes in the spring, at the end of April or in May.

When boarding, you should take care of the availability enough free space, because the daylily can grow in one place for 12-15 years, expanding in breadth and forming lush clumps up to 0.7-0.9 m in diameter.

When planting, it is recommended to leave enough free space around the daylily

Landing rules and nuances

For planting the daylily choose well lit place... Varieties with dark flowers (dark red, purple, purple) are best placed in light partial shade, with light (white, cream, yellow, pink, orange) - in open sunny areas.

Flowers grow on any soil... But they prefer light fertile loose soils and do not like stagnation of moisture at the roots and root collar. When planting a flower in well-cultivated land, no additional measures are required.

On heavy dense loams, a drainage layer of expanded clay or medium-sized gravel is arranged, sand, rotted manure and compost are introduced into the planting pit.

On depleted sandstones, humus, peat, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added.

Before planting, dried and damaged roots are cut off, the cuts are treated with crushed charcoal, wood or activated. Some growers recommend cutting the leaves at a height of 10-15 cm from the root. But if planting is carried out in early spring, at the beginning of the growing season, such a procedure is not required.

Pruning daylily leaves before planting

Landing pit size depends on the size of the rootstock of the seedling or cut, its diameter should be 15-20 cm larger.

The plant is placed in a hole, the roots are straightened, the soil is poured, carefully compacting it. The root collar is deepened by 2-2.5 cm. The topsoil is compacted, the plantings are watered abundantly. To preserve moisture and improve soil structure, it is helpful to immediately lay a 10 cm layer of mulch.

In a group planting, a distance of 50-70 cm is left between the plants.

Caring for flowers after planting

Daylilies, even hybrid ones, are unpretentious, and after planting they do not cause much trouble to the gardener.

In the first year flowers do not feed... To preserve moisture and loose soil structure, plantings are mulched with any available material - forest litter, tree bark, straw.

Further flower care includes loosening, watering and weeding.

Watering is necessary only during dry periods, infrequently, but abundantly, in the evening, directing the water "to the root".

From the second year of the life of the bush you need to think about feeding... They are required at least two for the growing season:

• in early spring, dry granular complex mineral fertilizers are applied, embedding them in the soil around the bush;
• after the end of the active phase of flowering, they are fed with potassium and phosphorus preparations.

Granular potash fertilizers

Phosphate-potassium fertilizers have a beneficial effect on:

• strengthening the root system,
• bookmark flower buds for next year,
• increased immunity, frost resistance and drought resistance, which is important in winter.

An excess of fertilizer is not good for the daylily. He tolerates "light fasting" much better.

Preparing for winter

Daylilies, the leaves of which wither by autumn, and grow again in spring, are called sleeping... There are also evergreen and semi-evergreen species. Withered leaves of sleeping daylilies in the fall are removed.

In regions with extremely harsh or little snowy winters, daylilies mulch, cover with spruce branches, straw, and rags. Those plants that were planted or transplanted in August-September are also prepared for winter.

Daylilies are not a hassle. They are unpretentious, hardy, frost-resistant, durable. They decorate the garden with magnificent flowers and sandal-amber scent. Eastern legends call daylilies “flowers of joy”. And indeed it is.

Among flower growers, daylilies are rightfully considered one of the most unpretentious and grateful perennials. If the garden is decorated with daylilies, planting and caring for them in the open field will clearly not be a burden to the owner of the site.

Plants that love the sun feel good in partial shade, the main thing is that the plants are actively illuminated for at least 6 hours.Daylilies do not impose special requirements on the composition of the soil and can grow and bloom for many years in one place, forming dense lush clumps.

Still, how do you create the best growing conditions for these spectacular flowers? When to plant daylilies outdoors, in spring or fall? How to care for plants at different times of the year?

When choosing a site for a daylily, you need to take into account that plants love the sun, are not afraid of the wind and thrive where other decorative perennials will feel oppressed. At the same time, daylilies need freedom for free growth. They do not like when there are large plants, shrubs and trees nearby, which become a kind of competitors for flowers for a place in the sun.

Experienced flower growers advise planting light varieties of daylilies in more illuminated places, and for purple, red, multi-colored varieties, for which color saturation is important, look for areas with slight shading.

To simplify the care of daylilies after planting them in open ground, places are chosen for plants that are not flooded in spring. In summer, the powerful rhizomes of plants should not suffer from the close occurrence of groundwater.

Daylilies are a kind of centenarians. The most beautiful flowers, forming curtains decorated with multi-colored corollas, they can grow up to one and a half decades without transplanting. This should be taken into account when choosing a place for plants in the garden, and also know that the maximum flowering will be only 5-7 years. Then peduncles among dense foliage appear less often, and the flowers on them are much smaller than before. Therefore, every few years the plants are transplanted, dividing adult perennials.

An unpretentious culture easily tolerates this procedure from early spring to autumn. But planting daylilies in the ground in the spring always goes without complications, the cuttings quickly take root and grow, blooming in the same season.

Spring weather is changeable, and if there is a danger of frost, it is better to postpone the planting. The planting material acquired or obtained after dividing its own plants can be stored for about a month by digging the root system of the plant into sand, peat-sandy substrate, or shifting it with a damp cloth. At the same time, the leaf plates of daylilies are cut in half or a third to reduce the plant's need for moisture.

If the summer is not hot, and for daylilies, when planting in the ground, like in spring, you can really create comfortable conditions, nothing prevents you from decorating the garden until autumn. But with an autumn planting, there is a risk that the plants will not have time to root well, and the next year, if they survive, they will be very weakened.

Before transferring the seedlings to the garden, they need to be prepared for planting:

1. Daylily strips are examined, damaged, dry or rotten roots are removed.
2. The sections are treated with charcoal or activated charcoal crushed to a powder consistency.
3. If this has not been done before, the foliage is cut 10-15 cm above the base of the leaf plates.

Often, the planting material bought in the store has dried up by the time the daylily is planted in the open ground, and the care of such a plant begins with a 4-hour soaking of the root system in a growth stimulator.

The place has been chosen, the planting material is waiting for it to be transferred to the ground. It remains only to prepare a suitable soil for daylilies and start planting. Ornamental perennials prefer a loose, light substrate with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.

Before planting daylilies in the spring, the soil at their future place of residence must be dug up onto a full bayonet of a shovel. Next, make a planting hole sufficient to accommodate the rhizomes. For more convenience:

• a cone from a loosened substrate is poured at the bottom;
• a plant is placed on top of the ground;
• rhizomes are carefully laid out on the soil;
• sprinkle the underground part of the daylily with soil so that the root collar does not sink more than a couple of centimeters.

After planting is complete, the soil around is tamped a little, and the daylily is watered.

To reduce the evaporation of moisture, the soil under the plants can be mulched using any available means, for example, rotted bark or needles, straw or specialized material.

Daylily care after planting in open ground

Regular care of the plants after planting consists of watering, loosening the soil and removing weeds.

In the warm season, actively growing and flowering perennials require a lot of water. If daylilies are thirsty, this can be seen by faded foliage, refusal to form, or dropping buds. Perennials respond excellently to additional humidification in summer. Therefore, daylilies can be planted near water bodies or use very shallow sprinkling;

• In hot weather, daylilies are watered abundantly, so that the soil under them is 20-30 cm wet, that is, to the depth of the root system.
• If the summer is not hot, you can reduce the frequency of watering, but you need to monitor the standing of the foliage.

The best time to water daylilies is early morning or evening, when there is no risk of sunburn on the flowers.

With proper planting and care, the flowers of daylilies, as in the photo, appear in the same summer. In the first year, the plants are not additionally fed. The introduction of complex fertilizers for flowering ornamental crops begins next spring. When choosing a product, it is better to give preference to formulations with a moderate nitrogen content, causing foliage to proliferate to the detriment of flowering. During the summer, perennials are fed twice, and closer to autumn, the plants receive potassium-phosphorus fertilizers for better preparation for winter.

Plants are hardy, but can suffer when there is too little snow on the site. Therefore, in snowless winters, it is better to cover daylilies with spruce branches, needles, straw and other materials at hand. As soon as the massive melting of the snow begins, the daylilies are released, otherwise pret develops on the root collars of the plants.

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It is difficult to find a summer cottage on which there are no daylilies - these flowers have gained immense popularity among flower growers of all times due to their unpretentiousness. However, even they need, albeit minimal, but proper care in the fall and preparation for winter.

Features of care and preparation for winter - general tips and tricks

Watering. The root system of daylilies is deep and branched, and the processes of the rhizome are able to accumulate water in their pulp. Due to these features, the plant is not very demanding on moisture. Watering daylilies is necessary only if the amount of precipitation is not enough for good soil moisture.

Watering is carried out in cloudy weather, in the morning or evening hours with slightly warm water under the root. There is an opinion that it is undesirable to water daylilies by sprinkling: light green leaves are covered with spots. To water one flower, you need to take so much water so that the soil is moist at a depth of 20-30 cm.

Top dressing. It is best to feed daylilies in autumn in September. organic fertilizers or fertilizers high in phosphorus and potassium... They help to strengthen the plant before wintering and improve its resistance to many diseases. It is especially necessary to fertilize recently divided or planted plants with phosphorus fertilizers: the chemical element promotes the active growth of the rhizome, and the flower takes root faster in a new place.

Mullein, bird droppings, horse manure in small quantities, they are brought under the bush and dug up. Organic-based solutions are poured into a groove made around the perimeter of the root system. Daylilies are fed with mineral fertilizers in the fall under the root, in doses indicated by the manufacturer.

Organics and commercial fertilizing can be replaced with wood ash, which contains about 30 vital macro- and microelements.

Important! After top dressing, daylilies need to be watered abundantly.

Mulching. Daylily varieties that do not have high frost resistance after the establishment of subzero temperatures are covered with mulching materials: peat, sawdust, straw, spruce branches, leaves. Please note that the base of the bush cannot be covered with heavy materials.

Pruning. Despite the fact that the foliage nourishes the roots in winter, timely shearing will help protect the plant from the appearance of rot, which can spread to the root collar from the aerial part. During garden manipulation, it is very important to adhere to the established rules, since any deviation from them is fraught with loss of strength and death of the daylily. Autumn pruning of daylilies can be avoided only in the southern regions, where the leaves dry completely before frost, which is why they do not rot and serve as additional shelter.

Shelter. If representatives of true varieties of daylily in continental winter conditions can perfectly do without shelter, then hybrids originating from the warm climate of South America rarely manage to survive until spring without a layer of insulation.

Pruning in the fall

Having planted a bright flower for the first time on his site, the florist is making every effort to preserve it until next spring. Not everyone knows, but pruning is one of the main stages of preparing daylilies for winter.

Why prune daylilies in the fall

"Will cutting the leaves harm the plant?" - this question is asked by almost all novice gardeners, picking up a pruner. The answer is unequivocal: of course not.

Pruning daylilies in the fall is advisable for the following reasons:

• The manipulation prevents foliage decay: the dense aboveground part, under the influence of cold weather and precipitation, quickly decays and blocks air access to the root collar, which has a very bad effect on the plant.
• Cutting off leaves is an excellent prevention of diseases, the causative agents of which have accumulated on the foliage throughout the season.
• Pruning will help get rid of the main pest of daylilies and many garden plants. Together with the cut foliage, slugs that hid under the foliage for the winter are also destroyed.
• A low stump is covered with snow in winter, and the plant suffers less from cold winds and frosts.
• The trimmed aerial part looks much better than the rotting leaves scattered by the wind.

Therefore, every gardener who is not indifferent to the share of the plant should cut it off in time before the cold weather.

When is the best time to prune - in spring or autumn

According to most gardeners who have been cultivating and breeding daylilies for a long time, pruning is preferable to carry out in the fall, adhering to all the rules for carrying out manipulations. When done correctly, autumn pruning is much safer than spring pruning.

Many are sure that in winter, nutrients from the aerial part are gradually transferred from the leaves to the root system. However, at the same time, such an advantage is offset by the high risk of decay of the root collar and the death of the daylily.

Therefore, it is better to understand the technology of autumn pruning and put it into practice, rather than guessing whether a flower will rise in spring or not.

When to prune daylilies in fall

It is necessary to cut the daylilies on the eve of stable frosts or immediately after their establishment. Depending on the climate of the growing region, the right time for manipulation is in October-November.

Important! Daylilies should not be pruned earlier than the specified time: cutting too early stimulates the plant to renew its aerial part. Also, just before the cold weather itself, kidneys may wake up, which will die along with the arrival of frost. Both of these phenomena cause great harm to the flower.

How to properly trim daylilies - instructions and diagram

Just like many herbaceous plants, it is very easy to prune daylilies. There is only one scheme for carrying out the manipulation, which has the following sequence:

1. All leaves are cut with a sharp pruner at a height of 10-15 cm.
2. For the prevention of diseases and better airflow, the cut foliage is raked and removed from the site. Together with the aboveground part of the daylilies, slugs that hid for the winter are destroyed.

Important! Leaving shorter stumps can cause the plant to resume foliage growth.

Care after pruning

After cutting, the area is removed from organic debris, and then burned away from the site. No more care manipulations are carried out, including feeding.

Shelter daylilies for the winter

Most of the perennial flowers need to be covered for the winter, since the weather in recent years has often surprised with its variability. To protect your favorite plantings from possible winter whims and your nervous system from worries about wintering, it is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the cultivated variety. Only after comparing the description and weather conditions of the region, it is possible to determine the feasibility and methods of sheltering daylilies.

Do I need to cover daylilies for the winter

Despite the fact that daylilies belong to plants with good winter hardiness, some of their varieties need to be covered for the winter, especially if the climate of the growing region is replete with severe prolonged frosts and the absence of heavy rainfall. Regardless of the variety, daylilies planted this fall need to be covered, since they have not yet had time to get strong and adapt to environmental conditions and may freeze out.

How to properly cover daylilies for the winter

To protect the daylilies from gusty winds and prolonged frosts, it is enough to cover the plant with a layer of mulch 5-10 cm thick. Spruce branches, straw, chopped pine bark, and dry leaves are used as insulation. Experienced gardeners warn against sheltering flower beds with mowed grass: in most cases, among the forbs there are weeds that will fall into the soil and sprout together in spring. Such mulch, although it will protect the flowers from the cold, but at the same time, because of it, in the spring you will have to spend a lot of time weeding the flowering plantations.

Note! Daylilies should not be covered when warming is still possible: under the influence of freezing temperatures, the plants can vanish.

What are the features of preparing daylilies for winter in the regions

For the successful wintering of daylilies, it is necessary to correctly determine the thickness of the shelter, which will protect the flowers from freezing in the conditions of the growing region.

In the middle lane

The shelter of daylilies in the Moscow region practically does not differ from the usual scheme of preparing a plant for winter.

In the Volga region

In the region, bright flowers are covered with a thicker layer of mulch. To protect the plants from freezing, mulching material is laid on top of the bushes with a layer of 8-10 cm.It is known that snow is the best insulation, therefore, during the winter it is necessary to monitor the amount of snow above the flower garden: in case of a decrease in the thickness of the snow cover, it is replenished from the central parts of the garden ...

In the Urals and Siberia

These regions are characterized by prolonged low temperatures, from which even winter-hardy species of daylilies can suffer. To be sure to preserve the flower, the plant is carefully dug up and brought into the basement or cellar. After the arrival of spring, daylilies are again planted on the site.

Typical mistakes in caring for daylilies in autumn and preparing for winter

During the cultivation of any plant, mistakes are possible. Having familiarized yourself with the most common misconceptions, you can avoid them during the preparatory work on your site.

So, the main mistakes in the care and preparation of the daylily for winter are:

• The aerial part of the plant is cut off at the same level with the ground or too short a stump is left.
• They do not comply with the terms of trimming and covering. In the first case, the plant begins to actively grow, which takes a lot of energy before winter, in the second, the daylily vomits.
• The flower is fed with fertilizers with a large amount of nitrogen, which causes the plant to grow and weaken.

To preserve the plantings of bright daylilies until spring, you need to show very little care for perennials. Of course, you can let things take their course and not take care of the flowers at all, but they will bloom liquid and look painful. Therefore, if the type of garden is really important for the owner, he must definitely prepare the daylilies correctly for winter.

Daylilies are an extensive group of flowering rhizome perennials. The flowers are rather large, funnel-shaped, arranged in several pieces on a high peduncle. Basal leaves are spreading, elongated, decorative. For those who have decided to grow daylilies in their garden, planting and caring in the open ground for which even lazy flower growers can do it, it is worth paying attention not only to unpretentious old varieties, but also to the latest popular breeding achievements. The varieties of daylilies are so diverse, both in color and in the shape of flowers, that even mono-compositions look very impressive.

Daylilies are very widespread throughout Russia and grow well without much care. At the same time, a little care will noticeably improve the condition of the flower garden. Bushes gain strength closer to 5 years of age, in one place they can remain up to 10 years. Thus, spending a little time on proper soil preparation and planting, you can forget about the hassle of improving the site for a long time.

Favorable location and soil preparation for planting daylilies

Daylilies love sunny areas (especially varieties with light and orange flowers), but they can also tolerate light partial shade (for varieties with dark flowers this is even more acceptable). They are quite drought-resistant and not afraid of strong winds. As a rule, for planting daylilies, they allocate remote, open areas in the sun itself. For them, close proximity to fruit or ornamental trees is undesirable, which will oppress flowers in competition for moisture and nutrients.

Daylilies do not require special care, are undemanding to the level of soil fertility, nevertheless, they develop better on fertile loams and bloom more abundantly. Good air permeability of the soil is important for them, therefore, before planting in open ground, they must arrange a drainage layer or make raised flower beds.

Any type of soil is suitable, but only after preliminary measures to improve the structure. So heavy clay soils must be corrected by adding coarse sand and compost, and sandstones by adding clay and black earth. The preferred reaction of the soil solution is slightly acidic or neutral, therefore it is recommended to add wood ash or peat to alkaline soils. The introduction of compost or humus on any soils favorably affects the further development of daylilies, which form a voluminous vegetative mass (a lush rosette of leaves with juicy peduncles).

Since daylilies are thermophilic and wake up in early spring, you need to take care that the soil under them warms up faster. Delicate seedlings may die from spring frosts, but for the plant as a whole, this is not detrimental.

Daylily red, or brown-yellow - Hemerocallis fulva

Daylily rhizomes ordered through the mail or store bought are carefully inspected for dry or decaying parts that need to be removed. In freshly dug delots, the leaves need to be trimmed, leaving only 10 - 15 cm.

For disinfection, planting material should be treated with Fitosporin or any fungicide.Overdried material needs to be soaked in a weakly concentrated fertilizer solution for several hours, depending on the condition of the roots. If desired, you can add root or heteroauxin, but in this case, you will need to control the temperature during processing, which should not exceed 20 - 22 ºC.

Autumn plantings in the first year must be covered with mulching or covering material.

Daylily lemon yellow - Hemerocallis citrina

As already noted, daylilies are drought-resistant, therefore, they need artificial irrigation only during a long period of absence of atmospheric precipitation. Although many modern hybrids require weekly abundant watering. Critical periods for plants are active growth and flowering. It should be watered at the root in the evening. Sprinkling negatively affects the decorative effect of flowers. Ideally, use water heated in the sun from a garden container. The next day, after watering, shallow loosening is carried out, the need for which goes away when installing a mulching layer of 6 cm from compost or peat.

Top dressing as care is needed for daylilies only on poor soils, since there is a high risk of overfeeding on fertile soils, which threatens the development of diseases and deterioration of decorative characteristics. As a rule, it is sufficient to carry out one top dressing with granular complex fertilizers during the period of leaf regrowth and one top dressing with liquid mineral fertilizers one month after the mass flowering during the period of laying flower buds for future flowering. For feeding, it is better to choose a cool or cloudy day. After each feeding, abundant watering is required. If there is a lack of potassium in the soil for abundant flowering, foliar top dressing with potash fertilizers can be carried out. The introduction of mineral fertilizers can be replaced by watering with infusion of chicken manure or mullein.

Fading buds are removed if necessary, and at the end of flowering, the flower shoots are completely cut off. In autumn, before the onset of the first frost, all adult leaves are cut off, leaving only growing young leaves. Early pruning for daylilies is contraindicated, as it can provoke a new wave of growth.

After 10 - 15 years, daylilies slow down their growth, their flowers become smaller and lose brightness. This serves as a signal for a transplant. To do this, the bush must be dug around and carefully removed with an earthen lump. If the work is carried out at the end of August, then you will need to cut off the leaves, leaving 10 cm in length. The dug out rhizome is washed under medium pressure of water in order to clearly distinguish dry parts and easier to separate into links. With the correct and careful division of the bush, you can do without a knife, carefully dividing the rhizome into segments. All cuts made must be treated with fungicide or wood ash. Before planting, the roots of the cut are slightly shortened.

Daylilies are highly resistant to pests and diseases, but new hybrids are more susceptible. Of the pests, thrips, mosquitoes and slugs are the threat. The fight against them should begin with a thorough preparation of the purchased planting material and regular monitoring of plants. From diseases, the development of fusarium, root rot and rust is possible. All of them are more often manifested in violation of the rules of agricultural technology.

Daylily small - Hemerocallis minor

For breeders, the seed propagation of daylilies is of particular interest, but for flower growers only vegetative propagation by dividing the rhizome is acceptable, in which all varietal characteristics are transmitted. In addition, in the conditions of central Russia, the seeds of most varieties simply do not have time to ripen. In a southern climate, if you want to propagate a pure natural species of daylily, you need to take into account the need for 2-month stratification (for spring sowing) at low positive temperatures and a rapid loss of germination during storage. Therefore, it is preferable to sow freshly harvested seeds before winter.

Vegetative propagation is carried out in late April - early May, when the growth of young leaves begins. Late reproduction will result in no flowering in the year of transplant. For reproduction, strong healthy bushes are used at the age of 4 to 6 years.The most valuable material is the segments of the rhizome from the peripheral part of the bush with young growing roots. Such delenki quickly take root and start growing. With a sufficient amount of planting material, the central part of the rhizome can be excluded from further reproduction and save yourself from unnecessary trouble.

Daylily varieties with a loose bush can be propagated by digging out the peripheral segments without affecting the entire bush. In this case, it is necessary to process the cuts from the shovel with wood ash. Injury to the lateral roots should not be allowed. The mother bush is buried in dry soil and kept for some time without watering.

Experienced growers can propagate some varieties by cuttings, using a shortened rosette of leaves on the peduncle (air layers) formed at the end of flowering. On the matured stem, the rosette already has roots, but if they are absent, then you need to keep the stalk in water for some time until plump roots appear. The rooting procedure itself does not differ in any peculiarities. Cuttings can be planted directly in open ground. A bush formed from a cutting gives flowering already for 2 - 3 years.

Daylily hybrid - Hemerocallis x hybrida