Crocuses daffodils tulips planting and care in the open field

Early autumn is the time to plant bulbous flowers. These include tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, crocuses, and other less common flowers. Properly prepared soil for planting is a prerequisite for successful wintering and lush flowering in spring.

Before planting, it is necessary to take into account that it is better to prepare the soil in advance so that the soil has time to settle after digging, otherwise the planting depth will be small. In this case, the flower bulbs will die, especially if the winter is not very snowy.

When planting bulbous flowers, organic or mineral fertilizers are applied to the soil. In order for the soil to absorb fertilizers, you need to allocate some time before planting flowers.

The earth must be dug to a depth of at least 30 cm, taking into account that before frost, the newly formed bulbous roots managed to penetrate to a depth of 20 cm.The planting depth depends on the size of the bulb itself. Traditionally, this is two to three bulb heights.

If you plant varietal tulip and other bulbous bulbs, then they must be dug out after flowering in order to preserve the variety. To make this easier, you can plant tulips in baskets or lay a net on which the bulbs are planted down the beds.

Inspect the flower bulbs carefully before planting them. Sick bulbs, with mechanical damage, with an affected bottom, it is better to immediately throw out. For healthy people, carry out prevention: put in a pink solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide for 30 minutes.

Most summer residents plant all bulbous flowers at once, at the same time. However, this is a big mistake!

When to plant bulbs in autumn

Flower bulbs need to be planted in stages, each bulb plant has its own planting date. Therefore, we will analyze in more detail when to plant tulips, daffodils, crocuses.

• The end of August - the beginning of September is the time of planting small-bulbous flowers: crocuses, scilla, muscari, pushkinia, chionodox. These plants are planted to a depth equal to three times the diameter of a flower bulb. If your bulb is 3 cm in diameter, then the most optimal planting depth will be 9 cm. Also, the planting depth of bulbous plants depends on the density of the soil: they plant a little deeper on light soils than on heavy ones.

• The second week of September is a great time to plant daffodils. If planted later, the bulbs will not survive because they do not develop enough roots.

• A week after planting daffodils, hyacinths are planted. They need more fertile soil and therefore increase the amount of organic matter.

• And tulip bulbs are planted in the last week of September.

How to plant the best bulbs in a flower bed in the fall.

If you plan to change your tulips every year for summer flowers, plant them in a continuous row.

If the planting is in a mixborder, then bury the tulip bulbs between perennials. In this case, the tulip bulbs can be dug up once every 2-3 years.

Group the tulips in groups of 5-10.In mixborders, Darwin hybrids, simple late, simple early, Kaufman, Greig, Foster and botanical tulips look good. You need to finish planting tulips by October 10-15.

Tulips, crocuses and other bulbs are not difficult to care for and can be grown in containers, planted in curbs, on alpine slides, on a lawn or under trees.

Bulb planting time

It is known that without a transplant, bulbous plants deepen by 1–2 cm every year, grow over time, and their flowers gradually become smaller. Therefore, if you want strong plants that will bloom magnificently, they must be separated periodically.

Since the end of August, they have been engaged in small-bulbous - muscari, forest trees, snowdrops. But you should not dig them out for transplanting if an overgrown nest has not formed.

In September, they start planting hyacinths and daffodils, slowly forming a root system, and tulips are planted in October.

Bulbs and corms

Tulips, daffodils, snowdrops, hyacinths form bulbs that are covered with a thin shell.

The hazel grouses and lilies on the bulbs do not have such protection, so they need to be dug out carefully.

Crocuses and gladioli form corms that are covered with scales. They are slightly wider and shorter than real bulbs.

Site preparation

Before you start planting bulbs, you must prepare the soil in advance and apply the necessary fertilizers and trace elements. Bulbous plants grow well on calcareous soil, with an alkaline or slightly alkaline reaction.

To change the acid-base balance of the soil with a pH of 4.5–6, add crushed eggshells, chalk or lime for digging.

Sandy soil allows water to pass through well, but nutrients are not retained in it. On such a site, to improve the soil, you need to add 3-4 buckets of humus, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of wood ash per 1 m2. You can also add deoxidized peat, black soil and clay.

Heavy soils are not suitable for bulbous plants. If there is clay soil on the site when digging, it is worth adding coarse sand, compost and humus.

You can pour sand, fine gravel or expanded clay directly into the hole, thus creating drainage and protecting the bulbs from decay. After planting, the plants are immediately watered, so new roots will appear faster and the plant will winter more successfully. The dug and loosened soil is watered and left to mature for a while.

Landing rules

• It is recommended to use large and healthy bulbs for planting.

Do not buy shriveled and weak specimens - it is unlikely that they will give a strong plant and most likely will not bloom.

• The planting depth of the bulbs depends on their size and height, as well as the type of soil. The planting material is planted to a depth equal to twice the diameter of the bulbs or three times the height of the bulbs.

For daffodils, tulips or hyacinths, this figure is 10 to 15 cm.For smaller varieties, such as snowdrop or crocus, it can range from 3 to 5 cm.

Colchicum plants are planted to a depth of five times more than the height of the bulb. Bulbs of the same size are placed not as deep on heavy soils as on lighter soils.

• The distance between the bulbs is chosen twice their width. For large bulbs, it is about 12 cm, for small ones - 5-7 cm. The amount of planting material per 1 m2 is calculated depending on the purpose for which it is planted - for distillation, curtains or borders decoration. To keep planting looking natural, drop the bulbs on the ground and plant them where they fell.

Reproduction

There are several ways to obtain bulbous planting material. On a large mother bulb, plants form small bulbs, or babies. Separating overgrown nests is the easiest way to reproduce for most bulbs.

The bulb is dug up, the children are separated and grown for several years until they reach the size necessary for flowering. Some separated babies, such as gladioli, bloom in the third year after planting, and a large daffodil bulb can release flowers the next year.

Lilies form airy bulbs in the leaf axils, they are separated and placed in moist peat. They will bloom in two years. Lilies can be propagated by rooting the scales separated from the bulb. To stimulate the formation of children in hyacinths, a special technique is carried out, cutting the bottom with a knife before planting.

The second method of propagation of bulbs is by seeds. In this way, you can get rare species and varieties, but they bloom only after 3-7 years. Some seeds need stratification before planting, holding at a low temperature.

To do this, they are sown in a container in late autumn and kept in the refrigerator for several weeks. The emerging seedlings are grown in the open field or indoors, depending on the weather conditions and the endurance of the plants.

We plant in layers

Flower bulbs can be planted in pots, tubs and in open ground in layers, one above the other. On the lowest layer are the last to bloom bulbs, such as late-flowering tulips or ornamental onions.

The bulbs that bloom first, such as crocuses, snowdrops, spring plants, chionodoxes, bluebirds, are planted higher. This landing will significantly save space.

However, in order to get large flowers, it is imperative to feed the plants with complex fertilizers, since with such a planting, the feeding area is limited.

Tulips, crocuses, daffodils, hyacinths are bulbous plants. Usually they are planted in the ground before winter in order to observe in spring touching awakening primroses, enjoy gorgeous flowers. These bright, easy-to-care plants are the most popular in summer cottages, because even a novice gardener can easily grow them.

Material content

• 1 Autumn planting of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 1.1 Choosing a place for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
  • 1.2 Preparing the soil for planting primroses
• 2 Optimal conditions for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths in the Moscow region
• 3 What rules should be followed when planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths?
  • 3.1 What parameters should be observed when planting bulbs?
  • 3.2 To dig up primroses after flowering or not?
  • 3.3 Storage of seeds of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths
• 4 Planting care

Autumn planting of tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths

Every summer resident seeks to get as much information as possible about how and when to plant tulips in the ground before winter in order to provide them with reliable protection even before the onset of cold weather. However, the popular question is how to plant daffodils in the fall, when plant crocuses in autumnwhat rules should be followed when planting hyacinths in the winter.

Choosing a place for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths

So that the flower bulbs do not rot, and the plants are healthy, it is very important to choose the right place for planting, create appropriate conditions for harmonious development and flowering. The site is chosen flat, without depressions and pits, and the groundwater level should be:

• below 70 cm (for tulips, crocuses and daffodils);
• below 60 cm (for hyacinths).

These conditions must be strictly observed, otherwise the plants will get wet and die. Hyacinth bulbs do not have a protective dense peel, so they are very sensitive to waterlogging of the soil and quickly rot. To plant these plants, they arrange bulk ridges with drainage.

For planting bulbs, a site with the following characteristics is suitable:

1. Good lighting.
2. Wind and draft protection.
3. Possible shading by thin shrubs or deciduous trees (for daffodils and crocuses).
4. Soil of neutral acidity (pH up to 7.8).

Preparing the soil for planting primroses

The requirements for the composition and quality of the soil for bulbous flowers are very similar. It must have the following properties:

1. Increased moisture conductivity.
2. Increased air conductivity.
3. Increased looseness.
4. Increased fertility.

Fertile light soil with a well thought out drainage system, it is perfect for all plants of this group.

Same

Loose neutral or slightly alkaline soils can be considered the most suitable soil for tulips. Daffodils like loam, hyacinths grow best on sandy loam soils, and crocuses do not impose special requirements. For them, the main thing is that the soil is light, fertile, with a good drainage system.

Dense clay soils before breaking out the flower beds are improved by introducing river sand of coarse fractions (20 kg per 1 sq. M). Soil with a high sand content is enriched with peat and humus (15 kg per 1 sq. M). If the soil is acidic, limestone must be added to it at the rate of 200-500 grams per 1 square meter of land. Increased acidity of the soil help reduce wood ash.

In addition, in order to increase water, air permeability and soil fertility, they add to it:

• peat or compost (2 buckets per 1 sq. m);
• wood ash (100-150 g per 1 sq. m);
• superphosphate (50 g per 1 sq. m);
• potassium sulfate (30 g per 1 sq. m);
• ammonium nitrate (25 g per 1 sq. m).

Improving the soil for daffodils with mineral fertilizers, you need to remember that they most of all need phosphorus and potassium, which provide full root growth, flowering, sugar and starch production. Nitrogen is an element that helps to form plant organs and tissues. With excessive use, it can cause an active increase in green mass, the plant becomes weak, easily exposed to diseases. Therefore, when planting daffodils in the fall, you should not get carried away with these fertilizers.

Do not overdo it with feeding for crocuses... When they are planted, it is best to apply phosphorus or potash fertilizers, and nitrogen must be abandoned altogether.

Site preparation should begin in August in order to enable the soil to settle naturally and subsequently not to damage the fragile roots of the plants. Before planting flowers, the site needs to be loosened, leveled, and weeds removed. The newly developed area is cleared of debris and stones. Then humus or sand is evenly distributed over the surface of the site. The earth needs to be dug to a depth of 35-40 cm... Then fertilizers are applied to the soil.... After that, the site is dug up again, leveled with a rake and left alone for 1-2 months until the flowers are planted. It is strictly forbidden to use fresh manure to fertilize the soil!

Subsequently, for good flowering, fertilizers need to be applied to the soil in several stages:

• after the appearance of the first shoots;
• before the buds open;
• after the end of flowering.

Optimal conditions for planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths in the Moscow region

It is best for gardeners of the Moscow region to plant tulip bulbs from mid-September to mid-October, a month before the tangible frost... The soil temperature at this time reaches 5-7 degrees Celsius, which is the optimal condition for the further development of plants.

The most favorable period when daffodils are planted in winter is the first decade of September. The best time to plant spring blooming crocuses is mid-September. Hyacinth bulbs are planted from the last week of September to mid-October.

If planting is planned at a later time (from October to November, but no later than mid-November), the prepared soil is covered with insulating material and a film before planting the bulbs to protect the soil from excessive waterlogging during rain.

Tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths need rooted well beforelike the ground freezes.If the bulbs are planted earlier, when the ground is still warm, they will begin to actively germinate, they may even drive the leaves to the surface. And the beginning frosts will simply destroy the plants. At later dates of planting, there is a risk that the roots will not have time to develop sufficiently to ensure full development of flowers.

The optimum air temperature during planting flowers can be considered 7-10 degrees Celsius. You can plant flowers until mid-November, if you are sure that there will be no severe frosts.

What rules should be followed when planting tulips, daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths?

The very first and foremost rule is that all planting material must be absolutely healthy. To be sure of this, you need to carefully check each onion, removing those that have even the slightest deformation or a hint of disease, decay. The bulbs should be firm and free from a speck of mold on their surface.

The surface of the hyacinth bulbs is smooth, with a pronounced neck and shoulders. It should be noted that for a high-quality bulb, the ratio of its diameter to the bottom should be 1: 1.6 or more. This suggests that the specimen is not old, strong, grown in compliance with all standards.

After that, the selected bulbs are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, soaking them in the solution for at least 30 minutes, or using seed dressing agents that are sold in specialized stores. After treatment, which, in addition to disinfection, contributes to the acceleration of root growth, the bulbs are immediately planted in the ground.

What parameters should be observed when planting bulbs?

How deep plant tulips before winter? What parameters should be observed when planting daffodils, crocuses and hyacinths before winter? There is only one rule: the planting depth of the bulb is equal to its threefold height. Of course, the density of the soil is also taken into account. When it is heavy, it is allowed to reduce the calculated depth by 2-3 cm, and if it is rather light, then the depth can be increased by the same value.

When tulip bulbs are planted in autumn, large specimens of elite varieties they are buried at least 16 cm, medium bulbs are placed at a depth of 12 cm, and small ones are placed 10 cm below ground level. It should be remembered that the smallest bulbs of tulips and daffodils are planted for their formation, in order to be used later as a full-fledged planting material. They will not bloom in the first year of planting. They need to be placed along the edges of the composition so that taller plants do not create shadows for them.

Depth of planting crocuses in the ground in autumn depends on the quality of the soil... If the soils are light, the bulb is planted to a depth of 7 cm. In clay soils, they are deepened by 5 cm.Before planting crocuses in the fall, it must be borne in mind that during the growing period in one place, its bulb can sink into the soil below the initial mark. This is facilitated by the roots of the plant, as they develop, carry the bulb deeper into the ground.

If during the preparation of the site in the soil no compost was applied, it can be put in each hole at the time of planting. Here, as a drainage, you can pour a layer of sand, 3-5 cm thick. The bulb is slightly pressed into the sand, covered with sand on top, then soil.

It is advisable to plant bulbs of the same size in the same row or in the same ridge. Thus, it is easier to maintain the planting depth. Flowers in this case will develop and bloom at the same time.

In order not to damage the roots during planting, the bulbs must not be pressed into the soil forcibly. The roots of plants are very fragile and cannot be restored if damaged. The distance between rows of tulips should be 25 cm, and their bulbs should be placed at an interval of at least 10 cm from each other. For daffodils and hyacinths, this value is 15-20 cm.Up to 50 large bulbs can be planted per 1 square meter.

Crocuses are most often planted in groups to give aesthetic appearance of the site... The naturalness of planting is also achieved by the fact that the corms are located at different distances from each other. You can place 50 plants on 1 square meter, dividing the area along a 4x4 cm grid, which will create a continuous flower cover.

After planting the bulbs, you do not need to water them until spring. If the autumn is dry, the soil must be watered before planting.

To dig up primroses after flowering or not?

After the tulip has faded, you need to cut off the stem, leaving only the leaves so that the flower bulb ripens better. If the stem is not cut, by June it becomes soft, bendable, but not brittle. The leaves of the plant begin to turn yellow. Now you need to dig up the bulbs. This should be done in dry sunny weather.y, choosing such a periodso that the earth is not damp.

Flowers of specific varieties of tulips may not endure even a two-year stay in one place. The bulbs are depleted, the beauty and size of the flower are lost. But simple varieties are not so capricious and will live in one flowerbed for up to 7 seasons.

In one place, daffodils can be left to grow for a period of 4 to 5 years. Therefore, the display area should provide the plants with high quality and long flowering time. You can arrange flower beds under deciduous trees. But don't post them in dense shade or under evergreen trees and shrubs.

Daffodils need to be planted (every 2-3 years) when the plants become crowded in the flowerbed. The time and quality of flowering is reduced. You should dig out the bulbs for transplanting only after the leaves of the flowers have turned yellow and laid down.

There is no need to dig up crocus bulbs before each winter. They can grow in one place for up to 3 years. The transplant is done in order to separate the mother bulb from the grown daughter ones. Up to 10 daughters can be formed. on one onion. Of course, they interfere with each other. Because of this, the size of the flower is lost. It is best to carry out transplanting work when the bulb is at rest. Plants should not be transplanted during the growing season either, because their life rhythm may be disrupted, there will be a delay in development. And it will take a year or two for the crocus to restore its functions. For spring-flowering crocuses, the transplant period is from August to September.

It must be remembered: it is impossible to prematurely remove wilted leaves from flowers, because the ripening of the bulbs is directly related to them. Each year, you need to change the planting site for hyacinths to avoid contamination of the bulbs with diseases or pests. You can return flowers to their old place only after three years.

It is important to know that it is impossible to plant bulbous flowers on those sites where solanaceous or other bulbous flowers grew before. There is a danger of pathogenic bacteria left behind by their predecessors in the soil, which means that healthy, strong bulbs can get sick.

Storage of tulip, daffodil, crocus and hyacinth seeds

The dug out bulbs should be placed in a single layer in a box, left in the shade in the air so that the seeds dry well. Now dried earth, dead scales, leaves are easily removed from them. Then they are sorted by size. Bulbs with signs of disease, decay, having any deformation, must be removed, and the rest should be placed in boxes with sawdust and stored away from sunlight in a cool, dry, well-ventilated room with a temperature not exceeding 20-25 degrees Celsius, until they are planted in priming. For tulips closer to September, the temperature in the storage should be lowered in stages from 25 to 20 and 15 degrees Celsius.

Planting care

Flower care includes watering during flowering, fertilizing the soil (2 dressings per season), removing weeds and loosening the soil. Water the plants as needed and even after flowering ends, until the leaves wither. Crocuses do not like moisture stagnation. Watering is necessary only during the flowering period.Nature itself took care of this: in the spring there is enough melt water for the plants, and in the fall, rains help. Additional watering can be connected if there was little snow in winter and autumn is dry. In summer, the bulbs rest, they do not need moisture at this time.

Before the onset of persistently cold weather, flower beds with bulbs should be insulated with a thick layer of fallen leaves, spruce branches, a layer of sawdust, peat, bark, straw 3-5 cm to 20 cm thick. Remove the protective shelter in early spring, before sprouts appear.

Attention, only TODAY!

One of the most important conditions for planting bulbs - tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, muscari, crocuses, chionodox and many others - is prepared soil in advance.

Firstly, the soil must have time to settle after digging, otherwise the planting depth will be insufficient and the bulbs will be damaged in a winter with little snow, or even die.

Secondly, because of fertilizers. Organic matter (preferably humus, at the rate of 6-10 kg / sq. M) and phosphorus-potassium or complete mineral fertilizer with an insignificant nitrogen content (total dose - 40-60 g / sq. M) are introduced into the ground for planting bulbous plants, and it is necessary some time for the soil to assimilate them and they begin to "work".

The earth is dug to a depth of at least 30 cm so that, before it freezes, the newly formed bulbous roots have time to penetrate to a depth of 20 cm.The planting depth depends on the size of the bulb itself: usually it is two or three of its own length.

Before planting, all the bulbs must be carefully examined, the sick, with mechanical damage, affected by the bottom, must be rejected. And for prevention, put healthy ones in a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate or any fungicide for 30 minutes.

The biggest mistake most gardeners make is planting all the bulbs at the same time. In fact, this is a step-by-step process.

The first, in late August - early September, to plant small-bulbous: scilla, muscari, pushkinia, chionodox, crocuses.

The planting depth of all bulbous plants (with rare exceptions) is equal to three diameters of the bulb itself (that is, with a bulb diameter of 3 cm, the optimal planting depth is 9 cm).

It also depends on the mechanical composition of the soil: on the lungs they plant a little deeper, on the heavy ones, on the contrary, smaller.

Small bulbous plants in one place can grow from 3-4 (crocuses) to 10 years (snowdrop, spring white flower), so they are usually planted together with ground cover plants - periwinkle, styloid phlox, creeping tenacious, zelenchuk - or between perennials in a mixborder. Small-bulbous also look beautiful on the lawn. For greater decorativeness, they are planted in a bouquet method - in groups of 5-10 pieces.

At the beginning of the second decade of September, daffodils are planted. If planted later, the bulbs will not develop enough roots and will die. This is especially true of new varieties from such garden groups as split-crown, double, tacetta, etc. Bulbs of different sizes are planted separately, so they develop better.

About a week after planting daffodils, it is time for hyacinths. The rules are the same for them. Only hyacinths need more fertile soil, and therefore the amount of organic matter is increased to 10-15 kg / m2.

Tulips are planted in the last decade of September. If an annual replacement of tulips after flowering with annuals is expected, use a continuous planting method. When planting in a mixborder between perennials, the bulbs can be dug out once every 2-3 years. In this case, they are grouped by 5-10 pieces and use Darwin hybrids, simple late, simple early, Kaufman, Greig, Foster and botanical tulips. Finish planting tulips by 10-15 October.

If the autumn is dry, then the plantings need to be watered. Daffodil bulbs planted after dry storage (without roots), it is better to mulch with fallen leaves (layer thickness of at least 10 cm), in the future this operation will not be needed (daffodils can grow in one place for 5-7 years). The only exceptions are split-crowned daffodils, which are mulched annually.

Photo of the Dutch Flower Council.