Chrysanthemum garden planting and outdoor care

Among the huge variety of luxurious flowers, the perennial chrysanthemum occupies a special place. "Queen of Autumn" - this is how sophisticated breeders and lovers of bright colors and magnificent forms speak of her. Today we will talk about what varieties and varieties of perennial chrysanthemums are found, how best to care for these colorful pets. Photos of magnificent chrysanthemums will help you enjoy the riot of colors and choose varieties.

Chrysanthemums: varieties and varieties

It is not in vain that they say about perennial chrysanthemums that they inspire optimism in a convinced pessimist. After all, these lush and fragrant flowering plants can make bright not only a personal plot, but also the life of a gardener who grows picturesque plants and horticultural crops.

Chrysanthemums can be completely unusual and bright colors.

Every time you buy a bag of an unknown variety, you are amazed at the duration of its flowering, the magnificent colors, the height of the plant, the shape and texture of the petals, as well as the degree of their doubleness.

Breeders divide chrysanthemums into:

• simple forms;
• large-flowered;
• terry.

There is also a gradation in color, flowering periods, flower size and decorativeness. Many subspecies of chrysanthemums are intended only for subsequent cutting and making bouquets - these are the so-called bouquet chrysanthemums. Their height can vary from 15 to 150 cm. Such a wide range allows you to decorate entire flower beds with a variety of cultures, which will bloom and delight the eye at different times - from mid-June to the first snowfall.

Chrysanthemum flowers of various shapes and sizes

As for the color of the buds, it is impossible to immediately list all the colors and shades. There is an unthinkable number of colors that excite the imagination: white and lemon, orange and purple, crimson red, lilac and emerald.

The historical homeland of chrysanthemums is Northern China, where residents were actively engaged in the selection of this amazing and, fortunately, unpretentious garden culture. Thanks to the merits of professional breeders, today it is possible to grow chic varieties of perennial chrysanthemum with excellent consumer properties.

The most widespread and well-known variety - "Early Yellow" is close in decorativeness to Japanese anemones. Today there are about 700 varieties of these garden plants.

1. Very popular bush chrysanthemums, which are equally suitable for arranging the landscape of the garden, and for cutting.

   Bush chrysanthemums

2. Also meet feathery double flowers with a very dense and lush planting of petals. Due to this, they take the shape of a ball, completely covering the flower bed.

   Terry chrysanthemums

3. Bristly chrysanthemums attract attention with their thin and slightly twisted petals, which outwardly resemble graceful brushes.
4. Pompon varieties chrysanthemums boast an ideal spherical shape. Dense terry, bright colors and long flowering in any growing conditions are the undoubted advantages of this variety.

   Pompom chrysanthemums

5. Semi-double varieties include a great variety of shapes, colors and structures. A prominent representative of this group is a garden plant with slightly drooping inflorescences. Their middle is almost not closed, and along the edges there are petals of the most unexpected shades and shapes.
6. Simple varieties are represented by very graceful and at the same time uncomplicated inflorescences, outwardly resembling a garden chamomile in shape.

   Simple varieties

7. Perennial chrysanthemums anemone-like varieties easy to recognize by the simple shape and slightly convex heart of the inflorescence. It seems to rise above the petals and reach for the sun. These are the most delicate representatives of garden chrysanthemums, which smell pleasantly and create a good impression.
8. Spoon-shaped chrysanthemums belong to rare varieties. Already by the name it can be understood that the flowers are somehow magically connected with spoons. The thing is that the shape of each petal resembles a teaspoon.

   Spoon-shaped chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums: planting and care in the open field

Perennial chrysanthemums do not like darkening and high humidity very much, so it is better to plant them on a small hill and in a sunny place. This will save you from pulling shoots, changing the time and duration of flowering.

Attention! Chrysanthemums have a superficial root system, so overdrying the soil is unacceptable!

For planting, it is recommended to use very loose and moisture-permeable soil with sufficient nutrient content. If the soil is too dense, it is recommended to mix it with peat or compost. To improve drainage qualities, you can use coarse sand and fine gravel.

Attention! Garden chrysanthemums, which are not labor intensive to grow, prefer a neutral potting mix.

A cloudy, or even better rainy day is chosen for planting. A hole up to 40 cm deep is watered abundantly, drainage is done. Then a chrysanthemum is placed and lightly sprinkled with earth.

Chrysanthemum thrives in the shade of trees

Attention! The plant should not be deeply buried, because the root system grows parallel to the ground.

If low-growing varieties will be grown, then you need to worry about additional support in advance.
A couple of days after planting, you can remove the growth point on the culture. After another 3 weeks, the tip of the shoot is neatly broken off.

Advice! After planting the plant in the ground, shade it using a non-woven material. Make sure that it does not touch the leaves of the plant.

Plant care

When growing garden chrysanthemums on a garden plot, it is important to remember that watering should be moderate, otherwise the plant will rot from an excess of moisture. An exception, perhaps, can only be a very dry and hot period.

Attention! Lack of moisture can lead to woody plant stems and loss of decorative effect.

Further care of your perennial garden culture will not take much of your time. Regular watering, thorough loosening, timely feeding and spraying from various parasites are all the activities that will be required for the full growth and colorful flowering of the chrysanthemum.

The moisture balance in the soil is very important for the crop.

You need to take special care of the culture closer to cold weather and frost (end of October). Despite the fact that chrysanthemums tolerate low temperatures well, it is better to build them a frame with a film coating. Such a simple measure will allow you to admire the bright colors and lush flowering of delicate flowers for another month. The frame can be removed by December, and the bushes can be planted in pots and placed on the windowsill in a bright veranda, where the chrysanthemum will bloom until January.

Fertilizing and feeding chrysanthemums

The plant is fed weekly with mullein infusion in a ratio of 1: 10. Lush blooms can be obtained by introducing a balanced amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers into the soil, and the green mass can be increased using fertilizing based on nitrogen.

The more often you feed the chrysanthemum, the more lush and longer it will bloom.

Attention! At the time of fertilization, it is important to ensure that the fertilizing does not fall on the leaves and cause them to burn! It is better to under-feed the plant than to burn it!

Plant propagation

Breeders recommend propagating a perennial crop only by cuttings and dividing the bush, since the seeds often do not preserve the variety.

Attention! Reproduction is best done in late spring (in May), when the probability of frost is minimal. The beginning of summer is also a good period for replanting the plant.

If you only have material for planting closer to autumn, then have time to plant it by mid-September so that the first frosts do not break the spirit of the plant. Otherwise, the seedling can be transplanted into a wide, but (very important!) Shallow pot, having previously cut it low.

Chrysanthemum reproduces well by cuttings

The container with the planted chrysanthemums is placed in a dark place (it can be a loggia or a terrace), where the temperature is kept at a constant level of 4-6 ° C. Throughout the winter period, you need to maintain an optimal level of soil moisture.

At the end of winter, bushes can be planted in a greenhouse or flower greenhouse, where they should be watered as often as possible. By the end of March, when the shoots have grown a little, you can cut the cuttings and carefully plant them in a box with a mixture of soil, humus and sand, then cover them tightly with a sheet of glass. A month later, when the cuttings take root, they can be planted in wider containers, and then in open ground.

Diseases and pests

Since a great many different microorganisms live in any soil, the plant periodically needs to be treated with special preparations that will reliably protect against diseases and pests, root rot. Abundant watering will keep the crop from mites and aphids that cannot tolerate moisture. The bush chrysanthemum Ratibor, Aktara, Fitovermi and other preparations will save from snails, leaf rollers and caterpillars.

White rust

Shrub chrysanthemum: combination with other plants

Perennial garden culture goes well with fruit trees (it can be rowan or wild apple). A good combination is given by raspberries growing nearby, sea buckthorn, barberry. Shrub chrysanthemum looks incredibly attractive in the company of decorative leafy plants - hydrangea, ivy, wild grapes, lemongrass.
The chrysanthemum looks charming and gentle surrounded by tall perennial plants: dahlia, shrub aster, asparagus and other plants.

Chrysanthemums in landscape design

Shrub chrysanthemums in landscape design

Lush and bright chrysanthemums are the perfect decoration for any garden and site. With the participation of these plants, you can get luxurious flower beds and mixborders, with the help of them glades and lawns are decorated. Among the bright emerald greenery, shrub chrysanthemum makes up expressive spots of orange, purple, lilac color. Almost all varieties of shrub chrysanthemum are suitable for a spectacular landscape design.

How to grow a chrysanthemum: video

Types of chrysanthemums: photo

From the middle of summer until the very frost, many homesteads, summer cottages and front gardens are decorated with bright bushes of garden chrysanthemums. The plant blooms even when many flowers have already withered after the first frost. Even the most experienced gardeners are amazed at the variety of flower colors, types and shapes. You can learn about the varieties and characteristics of growing the "Queen of Autumn" by reading our article. And photos of chrysanthemums will help you choose the types of flowers suitable for the garden.

Varieties and varieties of garden chrysanthemums with photos

Garden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant whose height depends on the species and can be from 15 to 150 cm... Currently, a large number of varieties of chrysanthemums are known, which, according to some features and characteristics, are combined into groups.

The size of the inflorescences

Perennial chrysanthemums are divided into three groups according to the diameter of the flowers:

• small-flowered;
• mid-flowered;
• large-flowered.

Small-flowered or Korean plants can be simple and double. A large number of inflorescences grow on one bush with a flower diameter of 2-10 cm... The bushes themselves can reach a height of 25 to 120 cm. The leaves of the plant are in the form of oak leaves. Flowers are frost-resistant, undemanding to the composition of the soil and easy to care for. Their flowering begins in mid-September and continues until the very frost.

Mid-flowered or ornamental chrysanthemums can be grown not only for garden decoration, but also for cutting. They also grow well in pots at home. They can be used to decorate balconies, loggias and terraces. Ornamental shrubs grow up to 30-70 cm, and have a flower diameter of 10-18 cm.

Large-flowered chrysanthemums are spectacular tall plants. The length of their stem can reach from 80 to 120 cm. They bloom in large flowers with a diameter of 10-25 cm. This type of chrysanthemum does not tolerate frost well. Only some of its varieties can winter outdoors. Such flowers are intended mainly for cutting into bouquets.

The shape and height of the bush

According to the shape and height of the bush, garden chrysanthemums are divided into three types, each of which has many varieties.

Tall. The stems of this type of garden chrysanthemum can be very tall and require supports such as frames, metal nets, or wooden pegs. Supports are installed during the planting of the bushes. Plants planted in a group can be used as a hedge. Most popular varieties tall garden chrysanthemums are:

1. "Amber Lady" - the plant is distinguished by golden inflorescences.
2. "Umka" - chrysanthemums with white flowers, the shape of which resembles a pompom.
3. "Daughter of Rosetta" is strewn with flat inflorescences with flowers of pink and white shades.

Medium-sized. Bushes growing up to 30-50 cm look very impressive both on a flower bed and along paths, fences, arbors. With their help, you can realize various design fantasies. The best varieties of medium-sized garden chrysanthemums are considered:

1. "Dawn" - the plant has a yellow-brown color, which is just right for the autumn mood.
2. "Dune" is a truly magical variety, the flowers of which can change their color during flowering. They bloom yellow-brown, and after a few days they turn yellow-gold.
3. "Lily" will help to add brightness to any composition with its dark crimson flowers.

Curb. Small plants grow up to only 30 cm. This type of chrysanthemum is considered one of the most beautiful garden flowers. Bushes of curb chrysanthemums have the shape of a ballcovered with small flowers. In this group, the most popular varieties:

1. "Barbara" is a plant with delicate lilac-purple flowers.
2. "Evening Lights" - the variety is distinguished by scarlet inflorescences that resemble a festive fireworks.
3. "Talisman" is strewn with bright beetroot-crimson flowers.

Flower shape

Garden chrysanthemums have five different kinds of flower shapes:

1. Pompom flowers are an assembly of tongues that are assembled into a ball that resembles a pompom.
2. Anemoid flowers consist of large petals, which are collected in one, two or three rows. The flowers themselves are small in size and very similar to anemone flowers.
3. Single-row and double-row inflorescences are bordered by flowers that look like tongues. In the center of such inflorescences, small tubular flowers grow. The border of flowers can be arranged in one or two rows.
4. Semi-double flowers consist of three rows of reeds that are arranged around a central flower.
5. Terry inflorescences are similar to semi-double ones, but their flowers are more luxuriant, since they are diverse in appearance and shape.

Garden chrysanthemums - planting and care

It is recommended to plant a plant during the period from late May to mid-June... Until autumn, the bushes will have time to take root and get stronger. And then they will not be afraid of any winter frosts.

Landing features

Chrysanthemums love sunny areas. The plant requires a lot of light to set flower buds. Even in partial shade, chrysanthemums will not bloom.

The soil must be rich in organic matter. Therefore, during digging, one bucket of manure, compost or peat must be added to one square meter of soil. You don't need to add more organic matter, otherwise only leaves will grow rapidly on the bush, and the plant will bloom with very small flowers.

When planting a garden chrysanthemum, it is recommended:

1. For large bushes, the distance between the holes should be at least 50 cm, and for small bushes - 25 cm.
2. It is recommended to add drainage or sand to each hole.
3. When planting, the plant cannot be deeply deepened into the ground.
4. Near large, tall bushes, you must immediately install a support.
5. The leaves of the plant can be sprayed with Epin to help it adapt better. "Kornevin" is also suitable, with a solution of which the bush is watered.
6. If frosts are still expected, then the young bush should be covered with nonwoven material at night.

Care rules

When caring for a garden chrysanthemum, special attention should be paid to watering it, since the plant depends on soil moisture level... You need to water the bushes in a timely manner, otherwise the flower will throw off all the buds.

The amount of water for watering one bush depends on its characteristics. Plants with small, stiff leaves can be watered less frequently than plants with soft, large leaves that evaporate a lot of moisture.

Chrysanthemums respond well to feeding. For this, complex mineral fertilizers containing magnesium and potassium, and organic in the form of humates are used. During the active growth of green mass, the plant is fed with nitrogen.

Caring for garden chrysanthemums involves forming a bush. It is necessary regularly pinch and trim... For the first time, the top of the plant is removed when the central shoot grows to 10 cm. After a while, when the lateral shoots grow up to 10 cm, they also pinch the crown. After that, the bush grows to bloom.

During the period when the chrysanthemum blooms, faded and wilted buds should be regularly removed from its bush. This way the flowering period can be extended.

If you want to get big beautiful flowers, you can make a total pruning of side shoots. As a result, only one stalk and one peduncle will remain on the bush. All the forces of the plant will go to the formation and growth of the flower.

Winter garden chrysanthemum care

In order for a plant planted in the garden to bloom as beautifully and profusely next year, you need to make sure that it overwinters well.

In frosty winters even cold-resistant varieties require shelter... Therefore, after the end of flowering, the stems of the bushes are cut to the ground. The plant hides and covers itself with fallen leaves.

Chrysanthemums with large flowers are afraid of freezing temperatures. Therefore, they need to be dug out together with an earthen lump and planted in a suitable container.Plants are stored before planting in the spring in a room with a temperature of 0-5 degrees. Caring for them consists in rarely watering an earthen coma, which should not dry out.

Diseases and pests of perennial chrysanthemums

With proper care, the plant is rarely affected by pests and practically does not get sick. However, the bushes need to be inspected regularly in order to identify the problem as soon as possible and begin to treat the plant. The threat to garden chrysanthemums is posed by:

1. Spider mite is a pest that sucks juice from a plant. It can be found by the cobweb formations on the back of the sheet. If the leaves of a chrysanthemum turn gray-brown, begin to darken and fall off, then, most likely, a tick has settled on it. The plant must be treated with special chemicals.
2. Leaf nematodes - the disease is manifested by deformation of the leaves, and their darkening between the veins. In this case, you need to change the soil and cut off the damaged areas.
3. Verticillosis is an infectious disease that spreads through the roots. Therefore, the leaves begin to turn yellow and wither from the bottom of the bush. In the initial stages, spraying with biological products will help.
4. Powdery mildew first affects the leaves and buds, on which a white bloom appears. The affected parts of the plant are removed, and the bush itself is treated with Bordeaux liquid.

Reproduction of bush chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum can propagate in three ways:

• dividing the bush;
• seeds;
• by cuttings.

Dividing the bush

The bushes can be divided in the spring, but only after the threat of frost has passed. In order for chrysanthemums to bloom better, it is recommended to divide their bushes every three years. To do this, the plant is carefully dug up and divided into several small bushes. The roots of the plant will need to be cut. Delenki are planted in the ground and watered.

Seed reproduction

In open ground sowing is done in May... For each future plant, a separate hole is dug, the distance between which should be 25 cm. 3-4 seeds are buried in one hole. For the first time, chrysanthemums should bloom at the end of summer.

Cuttings

Propagation by cuttings is the easiest way, since chrysanthemums take root quickly and well.

1. A stalk with 3-4 leaves is cut under a leaf pattern. Its length should be 6-8 cm.
2. The container is filled first with peat, and then with sand, into which the stalk sits.
3. The soil is sprayed and the box is covered with glass.

The rooting temperature should be between 13-15 degrees. When the roots appear, the cuttings will need transplant into separate pots... Young bushes are planted in open ground only when frost has passed.

Observing the rules of planting and caring for garden chrysanthemums, you can achieve a beautiful and spectacular flowering during half of summer and almost all of autumn. Any part of the garden where the "Queen of Autumn" will grow will become a luxurious decoration of the garden.

Bush chrysanthemum

Perennial garden chrysanthemum - planting and care, photo in pots

The rich heads of the bushes of blue, burgundy, yellow, purple decorate the gardens until the first snow, when other plants have long withered. Therefore, among gardeners, another name for chrysanthemum is known - the queen of the autumn garden. This is what chrysanthemums are called.

Types and common varieties of chrysanthemums

Perennial chrysanthemums are divided into two large groups according to the size of the inflorescences. Each of them includes many different varieties.

Chrysanthemum Korean Froggy

Small-flowered

These include the Korean chrysanthemum, the planting and care of which are discussed in our material. The size of the flowers varies from 2 to 10 cm, the shape of the leaves resembles that of oak, but much smaller. Flowering begins in early autumn and may continue until frost. Popular varieties of chrysanthemums in the Moscow region: Cheburashka, Talisman, Multiflora.

Chrysanthemum Korean Multiflora

Large-flowered

Tall plants with large single (10-25 cm) flowers, intended for cutting. They do not tolerate a sharp drop in temperature, they often freeze and die in the open field, therefore, in the Moscow region, they are almost never used as garden ones. Common varieties in the southern regions of Russia: Orange ball, Valentina Tereshkova.

Chrysanthemum large-flowered Valentina Tereshkova Perennial chrysanthemums - planting and care in the open field

It is recommended to transplant pre-purchased or home-grown seedlings into open ground in late May - early June. Chrysanthemums are very fond of the sun, so even a light partial shade is not suitable for them - the plant will bloom poorly and may die.

The composition of the soil should be rich in organic matter and breathable, therefore, when preparing a flower bed for chrysanthemums, it should be dug deeply - by 50-60 cm.Pre-add manure and humus at the rate of 0.5 buckets per 1 sq. m. In this case, it should be remembered that too much organic matter provokes foliage growth, while flowering is scarce and scarce.

Chrysanthemum loves open sunny surfaces

It is important to choose the right watering regime for the plants. Varieties with small and hard foxes require less water than chrysanthemums with large, soft-touch leaves, which have a much larger area of ​​moisture evaporation. Overfilling, as well as underfilling, can cause the buds to drop.

Pruning and pinching chrysanthemums

Pinching and pruning are mandatory procedures for caring for chrysanthemums of all types. When the main shoot reaches 10-12 cm, its top is pinched off for the first time. After the side shoots reach the same height, they should also be pinched. This will help to form a beautiful plant head and prolong its growth.

During the flowering period, wilted buds should be removed in order to provoke the blooming of new flowers. When growing some large-flowered chrysanthemums, gardeners cut off all lateral shoots to obtain a strong and large flower stalk.

Top dressing of perennial chrysanthemums

The first feeding of chrysanthemums can be done within 10-15 days after planting, during the growth of roots and shoots. For this, the usual infusion of mullein is suitable at the rate of 0.5 liters per plant. A similar feeding should be carried out during the period of bud ovary. During the flowering period, the plant will respond well to complex fertilizers, for example, Kemira Lux.

Perennial chrysanthemums care and cultivation video

Dangerous diseases and pests of chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums, the cultivation and care of which can be called easy, are resistant to diseases and parasitic insects. It is necessary to inspect them in a timely manner when watering or pruning in order to identify the appearance of parasites and the spread of fungi.

Spider mite

Its appearance is easy to notice by detecting the primary sign of the tick's vital activity - the cobweb on the back of the leaf. The edges of the leaves gradually become brown and dry. Abundant spraying under pressure and the use of a soap solution (20 grams of copper sulfate, 200 grams of green soap diluted in 10 liters of water) helps to get rid of the pest.

Spider mite on perennial chrysanthemum

Leaf nematodes

Their appearance is accompanied by a change and darkening of the lower leaves, then the disease spreads up the entire plant. Control methods: remove damaged parts of the plant, use a spray containing insecticidal oil.

Signs of a leaf nematode

Powdery mildew

White fungal bloom appears on the leaves and buds, resembling lime paint. To fight, you can use Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride.

Reproduction of chrysanthemums

Reproduction of chrysanthemums occurs in two ways: seed and vegetative.

Seed propagation

Seeds are planted in open ground in early May, placing 3 seeds in each hole.The distance between seedlings should be at least 20 cm for small-flowered varieties and 50 cm for large species of chrysanthemums.

Watering is carried out as the soil dries up, and the first pinching is done when the sprout reaches a height of 10 cm. By the end of summer, the seedlings of the current year will bloom.

Seedlings of perennial chrysanthemum seeds

Propagation by cuttings

The most popular method of propagation of chrysanthemums, as the cuttings take root quickly and well.

Reproduction of perennial chrysanthemum green cuttings

A shoot 6-7 cm long is cut from an adult plant and rooted in a mixture of peat and sand. After spraying, the container is covered with glass and placed in a cool room, the temperature is maintained at plus 12-15 degrees Celsius. After the roots appear, the cuttings are transplanted into separate pots, and they are transferred to the open ground after the threat of night frosts has passed.

Rooted cuttings of chrysanthemums prepared for transplanting Preparing chrysanthemums for winter

For the abundant flowering of chrysanthemums, planting and care are as important as further preparation for winter. In order for the culture to please you in the next season, you should take measures to shelter it. First of all, the flower should be cut at the very level of the ground, then carefully spud and covered with fallen leaves.

Large-flowered varieties of chrysanthemums do not winter outdoors. They are dug out together with an earthen lump, placed in a pots or box and stored until spring in a room at a temperature of 0 to plus 5 degrees Celsius. Occasionally, an earthen ball should be moistened by spraying or watering.

Digging the rhizomes of large-flowered chrysanthemums for the winter

Outcome

Diverse bushes of chrysanthemums of various colors are in perfect harmony with each other, giving the gardener the right to combine them at his own discretion. Even a small flower bed decorated with these plants will make your site luxurious and you can show off to your guests.

Chrysanthemums are herbaceous perennials and annuals that belong to the Asteraceae or Compositae family. At the moment, science knows 29 species of this plant, which are common in the northern and temperate zones, mainly in Asia. Archaeologists say that more than two and a half thousand years ago, they were cultivated by the ancient Chinese, who consumed flower petals for food.

After that the Japanese also began to cultivate the plant, who idolized him so much that only members of the imperial family could wear garments with the image of this flower. On the territory of Europe, it gained popularity only in the 18th century, but they began to cultivate it there only in the 19th century.

Scientists say that the currently well-known garden chrysanthemum appeared as a result of the crossing of two Asian species: small-flowered, which grows in Japan, and large-flowered from China. Some breeders also say that the ancestors of this flower are small-flowered Indian chrysanthemums and Chinese chrysanthemums.

The flower is so popular among breedersthat experiments are still being carried out to develop new varieties. Chrysanthemum for humanity is not just a beautiful flower, but the last sonorous chord of the autumn symphony of colors and colors.

Let's take a closer look at the perennial chrysanthemum, the planting and care of which are described below.

general description

Among these flowers you can find both perennial and annual views. In addition, there are herbaceous varieties and dwarf shrubs in their genus. Their root system is rather branched, developing parallel to the surface. The shoots of the flower can be bare, or they can also be pubescent. The leaves are arranged alternately. The leaf plates are simple but varied in their size and shape.The color of the leaves is usually light green, although varieties with dark green leaf blades can also be found. The most beautiful varieties are considered Indian spherical.

Small flowers form a basket, which is sometimes quite large, usually consisting of single-row tubular median and ligulate marginal flowers. Despite this, there are many hybrid varieties, the flowers of which are arranged in many rows, while forming a dense inflorescence called a double chrysanthemum. The chrysanthemum also produces a fruit called the achene. In culture, varieties and types of the so-called garden chrysanthemum are most often used. It is also called the Chinese chrysanthemum. This group includes complex varieties and hybrids, the history of which is rather confusing.

Types and varieties

Despite the fact that breeders have made great strides in breeding new species and varieties of chrysanthemums, there is still no single system for the classification of these flowers. Let's take a look at a few more successful chrysanthemum varieties.

• Large-flowered... These flowers are quite large and luxurious. The diameter of the flower reaches 25 cm, the average height of the plant is about a meter. Inflorescences of large-flowered chrysanthemums can be of a wide variety of forms. These flowers are most commonly grown for cutting. This type of plant does not hibernate in the open field, but recently such varieties have been bred that can be left after autumn for the winter in the garden. These varieties include the following: Anastasia Green, Zamble Lilak, Tom Pierce.
• Mid-flowered... This type is often called decorative. The diameter of the inflorescences can reach 18 cm, and the height of one bush reaches 70 cm. This type of chrysanthemum can be grown not only in the open field in the garden, but also in pots at home, thus decorating your balconies and terraces. Medium-flowered varieties can be used for cutting. Varieties that can be grown in the garden include: Champagne Splash, Golden Fleece, Pink Chamomile.
• Small-flowered or Korean... Korean chrysanthemums are hardy perennials. Very often, Korean chrysanthemums are popularly called oaks. The flower received this name due to the shape of the leaves, which resembles the leaves of an oak. Korean chrysanthemum bushes can grow up to 120 cm in height. There are numerous inflorescences on the bushes, which can be either simple or double. Inflorescences can be of a wide variety of shades. Korean chrysanthemum is quite unpretentious to care for, reproduces well and can grow in any soil for up to 4 years. The plant blooms in mid-September, and flowering lasts all autumn until the first frost. The diameter of the inflorescences can be up to 10 cm. The most common varieties of oaks are the following: Etna, Slavyanochka, Multiflora.

Chrysanthemum species

Perennial garden chrysanthemum: planting and care, photo, cultivation

Growing chrysanthemums from seeds

• Seeds... The easiest way to propagate a flower is by grafting or by dividing the mother plants, but many also prefer to grow chrysanthemums from seeds. Seed propagation can be used to grow both perennial and annual varieties. In May, when the spring frosts pass, it is necessary to put 3 seeds in the holes, which are located 25 cm from each other and are spilled with warm water, and then sprinkle them with earth, cover the bed with a garden film to keep moisture and heat in the soil. When the first shoots appear, this film can be removed, the soil can be gently loosened, while destroying all weeds. After another 10 days, it is recommended to feed the seedlings with highly diluted "Ideal" or "Rainbow". When the sprouts reach a height of 10 cm, it is necessary to leave one strong seedling with four leaves in the hole. The rest of the shoots can be planted elsewhere.Plants will bloom in early August. If you want the flowers to bloom earlier, you must first grow seedlings from the seeds.
• Seedling... Growing seedlings must be carried out at room temperature in shallow boxes with soil, which consists of equal parts of peat, humus and greenhouse soil. It is recommended to purchase the ready-made mixture in specialized stores, where it is sold after disinfection and disinfestation. If you decide to make the soil mixture yourself, then do not forget that the soil must be sieved and calcined in advance at a temperature of 130 degrees. At the bottom of the box, it is necessary to put a layer of drainage from broken brick or expanded clay. Then a soil mixture is placed on the drainage layer, and seeds are laid out on it. The seeds of annuals must be sprinkled with a layer of soil half a centimeter, and the seeds of perennials are not covered with soil, but only slightly pressed against the ground. After that, the soil surface must be sprayed with water from a spray bottle, cover the boxes with foil or glass and keep them at a temperature of 23 to 25 degrees. From time to time, the boxes need to be ventilated, sprayed with warm water so that the soil does not dry out. With proper care for seedlings, the first shoots appear in a week and a half. After that, the boxes can be transferred to the brightest place, gradually begin to accustom the seedlings to the environment. To do this, the glass or film is removed first for one hour, and then for two, and so on, until the time comes to remove the coating altogether. If the seedlings turned out to be too thick, then when several leaves appear, they must be dived in a glass with the same soil, trying not to harm the root system. To do this, before diving, it is necessary to abundantly moisten the soil in the boxes. Weakened and too elongated seedlings are thrown away. After picking, it is recommended to spray the seedlings with a solution of zircon or epin, due to which the plants will take root faster.
• Saplings... Dived seedlings must be kept in a room with a temperature of 16 to 18 degrees. Seedlings are watered only if necessary. It is necessary to feed young plants twice a month with a solution of complex fertilizer, which can be purchased at a specialized flower shop. If necessary, additional artificial lighting can be arranged. It is necessary to be prepared for the fact that chrysanthemum seedlings grow rather slowly. In a month and a half, they will only grow 20 cm in height.

Garden chrysanthemum care

How to care for a chrysanthemum?

• Planting and caring for a chrysanthemum is not particularly difficult, but certain rules must be followed. For example, seedlings that are planted in open ground, when they get stronger and release the eighth leaf, must be pinched to strengthen the branches to be demolished. For the same purposes, young lateral shoots, which appear soon, are also pinched. Thanks to these actions, you can get a nice and dense bush that will look attractive and spherical during flowering. It is worth noting that this rule does not apply to large-flowered chrysanthemum, since it is recommended to completely remove the lateral shoots from it, leaving only a few of the strongest. At the same time, the removed shoots take root easily. Some tall plant varieties need to be maintained, for this it is recommended to use various metal supports in the form of pegs, nets or wire structures that are able to hold and prevent it from falling apart.
• If we talk about moisture, then every watering of flowers should be abundant. Insufficient watering can cause lignification of the stems. The flowers will be less attractive. It is recommended to use rainwater or settled water for irrigation. You can also add a few drops of ammonia to the water.When watering, it is necessary to avoid getting water on the leaves; it is necessary to pour water at the very root. Watering should be accompanied by loosening the soil around the bush, removing weeds, unless you have mulched the soil after planting.
• Chrysanthemum care also implies mandatory feeding. During the growing season, it is necessary to carry out at least 3 dressings. Top dressing must be alternated with mineral and organic fertilizers. At the beginning of the growth of chrysanthemums, it is recommended to feed with mineral fertilizers based on nitrogen. As a result, green mass is actively growing on the plants. To stimulate the intense flowering of chrysanthemums, it is necessary to feed with phosphorus-potassium supplements during the budding period. Plants are also fed with fertilizers in the form of solutions, which must be poured out to the very root the next day after rain or watering. The first feeding should be done in the first 6-8 weeks after planting. If we talk about organic fertilizers, then flowers prefer burned-out mullein or bird droppings. Despite this, the golden rule of flower growers is that it is better to under-feed the plants than to burn them.

How to transplant flowers?

Perennial chrysanthemums in one place cannot grow for more than 3 yearsotherwise, the plants start to be capricious. At the same time, the flowers become smaller, the chrysanthemum often begins to hurt. Therefore, in the spring, it is necessary to dig up a chrysanthemum that is 3 years old and transplant it. Most often flower transplantation is carried out by dividing the bush.

• To do this, you need to carefully dig out the bush, trying not to damage the root system;
• Shake off the soil from it;
• Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to divide the bush into small bushes with a root system.
• After that, the resulting bushes can be planted in a sunny area in the usual way.