Beans planting and care outdoors in spring

Beans are among the top ten most useful vegetables, so when choosing crops for growing in your garden, they always have a place. In order for the time and money spent to be rewarded with a generous harvest, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic rules of agricultural technology, planting and care for open field cultivation.

When to plant beans outdoors

The planting of beans is planned for May month. You should focus on weather conditions and the correct temperature regime in the soil, which is indicated by indicators 12-15 degrees (at a depth of 10 cm). According to the popular calendar, this period coincides with the flowering of chestnuts.

Erect varieties need to be planted first, and after a week you can start climbing varieties. They plan to plant a bush type of legumes at the beginning of July... This can be done on the beds from which the harvests of early-maturing vegetables have already been harvested.

Experienced gardeners carry out planting work in several stages: from mid-May to early July with an interval of at least 10 days.

A bush bean variety must be sown in the ground in early July

To speed up the harvest, it is recommended to cover the soil in advance with plastic wrap to warm up. After planting the seeds, cover the garden bed again until the night temperature is at least 12 degrees.

Are beans afraid of frost

Beans are a thermophilic culture, so planting is best done in spring. in the second half of Maywhen the threat of frost has passed. Young shoots are afraid even of cold winds, which is why many gardeners find its place under apple trees or along the fence.

The minimum temperature that bean sprouts can withstand does not exceed the mark -3-4 degrees... If the frosts were short-lived, the beans will survive, but their development will be slowed down and yields will decrease.

Agrotextile or film, which are used for construction, will help to change the situation. temporary shelter.

The most popular varieties for planting

Varietal diversity complicates the choice. If there are difficulties in determining the range, it is recommended to give preference to proven varieties that are adapted to the climate and weather conditions of the region.

The best varieties for the Moscow region, Ukraine and Belarus

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Moscow White Green Pod 556

Plant mid-early ripening period, from sowing to harvesting 100 days... The bush is formed at a height of only 25 cm, the fruits have a parchment layer, but very thin. The culture is unpretentious, resistant to a humid environment and drought.

Nomad

Curly variety mid-early ripening. The egg-shaped bob is ocher in color with a pale purple pattern. The fruit is free of parchment and fibers, which makes the structure tender and soft. The plant is tolerant to anthracnose, gray rot.

For the Urals and the middle lane

Oran

She R - early maturing ripening beans 80-90 days, recommended to plant in a country house in central Russia. The height of the bushes is from 35 to 56 cm, the fruits are distinguished by high taste.

Productivity from 1 m2 within 200 grams.

Pink

Pink

Harvesting begins in 65-85 days after seed germination. The climbing bush reaches a height of up to 3 m, so it needs support.

The marbled pink beans are free of parchment and fibers, which gives them a delicate texture. Purple streaks and streaks are visible on the fruit. The application is universal, in any form the beans retain their unique taste.

For Siberia

Winner

Winner

Culture is different high yield and the nutritional qualities of the fruit. The length of the pods is about 30 cm, the beans are large. Cold resistance and strong immunity make it possible to cultivate and grow a plant in Siberia.

Feature: lashes with beautiful fiery red flowers can be used as a decorative hedge.

Oil king

Oil king

Bush type of beans with a ripening period 1.5 months... Delicate and pleasant taste of tubular fruits will not leave indifferent any gourmet. The length of the pod part is about 25 cm. The use of the crop is universal: dry harvesting, freezing, canning.

Planting rules and cultivation techniques in the open field

Seed preparation

To obtain quick shoots and protect young shoots from diseases, the seeds should be prepared before planting.

Soak first in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for about 20 minutes. After the procedure, the beans are washed with clean water and again need to be soaked in infusion of wood ash for 2 hours.

At night before sowing, the pea beans are wrapped in a damp cloth for germination at home. And 5 minutes before sowing into the soil, they are dipped into a boric acid solution. This will protect the plant from diseases and pests.

Preparing the soil and choosing a place for sowing

For planting a crop is selected well lit place, but without drafts and strong winds, planting through seedlings is practically not used. The type of soil does not play a big role, but experienced gardeners noted that beans develop worst of all, they can germinate and bear fruit poorly on clay soils. This is due to poor moisture permeability, which causes the seeds and roots to rot.

In general, the preparatory process for the formation of the garden consists in digging the soil to the depth of the shovel bayonet... At the same time, fertilizers are introduced: per 1 m2 add 4 kg of humus or compost, 2 tbsp. l. dolomite flour, 1 tbsp. l.ammonium nitrate and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.

When preparing the soil, you need to dig it up to the depth of the shovel bayonet

Another option for enriching the soil with nutrients involves the use of ½ compost (humus), 30 gr. superphosphate, 20 gr. wood ash per 1 m2.

When determining a place for planting beans, those crops that were grown on it last season are taken into account.

Ideal predecessors are: potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumber, pepper, eggplant.

Planting scheme and depth

Shrub varieties of culture are planted according to the scheme:

• seed placement depth - somewhere 5-6 cm;
• distance between holes in a row - 20-25 cm;
• aisle - 40 cm.

Curly varieties are planted in a slightly different way:

• seed placement depth - 5-6 cm;
• spacing between holes in a row - 25-30 cm;
• aisle - 45-50 cm.

When planting beans, 5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole

5-6 seeds are immersed in each hole. After formation on the seedlings, one leaf at a time, you need to leave only 3 seedlings, remove the rest or carefully transplant.

According to lunar calendar for 2018 planting beans is recommended:

• March - 20-23 days;
• April - 6-9, 19, 20, 23-26;
• May - 7-10, 19-24;
• June - 4-7 numbers.

Leaving after disembarkation

Unpretentious beans do not require much attention to themselves, but they still need the basic rules of agricultural technology.

Germinating bean seeds

Bean seeds begin to sprout later 7-10 days after disembarkation... If the air and soil temperature is below the recommended values, then the first shoots will germinate after 5-7 days.

The germination process can be accelerated if the seed is soaked in growth stimulants at home. Covering the beds with a film also contributes to this.

Young shoots must be spud to make them resistant.

Watering rules and conditions

The plant loves water, so you should not break the watering regime. It is especially important to moisturize the soil during the period of pod formation.

The rate of water per bush is determined by eye, the procedures are carried out Once a week, the main thing is not to let the soil dry out. The best irrigation liquid is rainfall. Experienced gardeners use settled water, the temperature of which not lower than 18 degrees.

Beans love water, so the soil should not be allowed to dry out.

What top dressing to use in the garden

The culture is responsive to fertilizers. After preparing the soil for planting, you will need to make at least 3 dressings.

The first procedure is performed 3-4 weeks after germination. It is ideal to use a complex fertilizer rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Superphosphate is also suitable at the rate of 30-40 grams per 1 m2.

After 3 weeks, you need to feed a second time, this is necessary for the formation of fruits (10-15 grams of potassium salt per 1 m2). The third time the nutrients are administered after 3 weeks.

You should not overdo it with fertilizers, you can provoke the growth of tops and reduce the ovary of pods.

Pests and prevention

Beans are one of the few crops that do not attack pests... Only slugs can appear.

Their invasion can be prevented by timely weeding, since weeds grow and create a favorable habitat for parasites. If slugs are found, you can set several traps, from which you need to periodically remove insects for disposal.

The correct timing of harvesting in the country or in the garden

Harvest time depends on the type of crop

Harvest time depend on varieties and types culture. Asparagus beans should not be overexposed in the beds, as the product loses its value when dried.

If you plan to preserve the legume crop, then you can use any unripe fruits. But for winter preparations, it is better to wait for the pods to dry. The main thing is not to be late, so as not to collect beans from the ground later.

You should not pluck all the pods at the same time on the same day if there are completely dry and greenish ones among them. In the shade of its own tops, some ovaries could develop weaker, it is better to leave them to ripen.

To quickly extract the beans from their "houses" it is not at all necessary to sort each one by hand. The stick will do the job, you can knock out the harvested crop.

To do this, only dried pods are laid out on the bedspread, along which you need to walk with a simple tool with moderate effort. It remains only to remove the dry part of the beans. The selected beans are still being dried and only after sorting are they sent for storage.

The agricultural technology of beans is simple, even a novice gardener can sow and grow it in the Moscow region, in the Ukraine, the Urals or Belarus. By completing all the procedures in a timely manner, preparations for the winter are provided with an incredibly healthy and nutritious product, which also diversifies the menu.

Beans are a very useful dietary product that must be included in your diet due to the mass of vitamins and useful microelements in the composition. In our article, we will consider the instructions for planting beans in open ground, we will analyze all the principles of harvesting care.

Planting beans outdoors - a step-by-step guide

It is best to start work in mid-May, the main thing is to monitor the temperature - it should be above +15 degrees, sudden night frosts should also be excluded. Also remember that climbing varieties of this crop need to be planted 7-10 days later than bush varieties.

Preparatory work with soil and seeds

Before planting, you should carefully prepare the seeds. Sort them out, soak in water overnight to swell. Before planting, dip the plants in a boric acid solution, mixing 2 g of the product in 5 liters. This will protect the plants from diseases and pests in the future.

When growing beans, it is worth choosing a clay soil - water will pass through it more slowly, since excess moisture harms this crop. For planting, it is worth choosing areas that are well lit, protected from wind and drafts.

Dig up the area a couple of days before planting and loosen it using a rake. If the soil is too viscous, mix the soil with sand (5 kg of sand per square meter of land) and, if necessary, feed the plants with wood ash, add compost and vermicompost to the soil. Additionally, disinfect with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Planting beans

Beans are thermophilic and are best planted in the southern areas of the garden. The ideal option is to plant in the beds where cabbage, pumpkin, and root vegetables grew before.

In the prepared place, we make pits or grooves about 5 cm deep, fill them with warm water. Be sure to maintain a distance of 20 cm between the holes and 30 cm between the rows.About 5 seeds should be planted in the hole, however, when the first shoots appear, you need to leave the three strongest seedlings, remove the rest. The first shoots will appear in about 7-10 days.

After planting the seeds, sprinkle them with soil on top with a layer of about 0.5 cm. Cover the top of the planting with a film, regularly removing it for airing. If you have planted curly bean varieties, you should definitely drive pegs near the garden bed or plant plants near the fence.

Bean care - basic rules for growing a plant

Do you want to get a good harvest? In this case, you need to properly care for this culture. Let's take a look at the main steps in care.

Watering

The beans should be watered as the soil dries up - about once a week. However, as soon as the first 4 leaves appear on the seedlings, watering must be stopped, because in this case the water promotes the growth of the green part of the plants, and not the crop.

When carrying out budding, you need to resume watering again - the soil must be moistened.It is advisable to use rainwater for irrigation.

Loosening

As soon as the first shoots appear, it is necessary to loosen the soil. however, try to do the work as carefully as possible so as not to damage the delicate root system. Subsequently, loosening is combined with weeding and weed removal.

Top dressing

After the first few leaves appear on the plant, the beans are fertilized with superphosphate fertilizers - 40 g of the product per square meter of the garden. When budding use potash fertilizers - 15 g of additives per "square".

When ripening beans, use wood ash. By the way, beans do not need nitrogen fertilizers, since this crop itself can extract nitrogen, and with its excess, a sharp growth of foliage is observed, and the crop yield decreases.

Garter

When planting curly varieties of beans, it is imperative to use supports, which can be fences, fences, trellises. An important condition is that the selected support must be made of wood, since the beans simply cannot be climbed over the rest of the materials.

The support can be individual pegs about 2.5 m high, which must be deepened into the ground to a depth of 0.5-0.6 m. Young shoots are tied to the supports, and the stem is twisted on the support counterclockwise. When the height of the bush is 50 cm, you need to pinch the top and direct it down.

You can also make a support from stakes: drive them in at a slight slope, fasten them from above in the form of a wigwam. In this case, the distance between the stakes should be about a meter, between the rows - at least 50 cm. The seeds must be sown from the inside of the structure.

Some, instead of the above support, use a trellis, pulling a mesh over it.

Pests and diseases - what will you have to face?

Beans are interesting to many pests. Among the most famous are:

• Cabbage or vegetable scoop. The pest lays eggs on the plant, as a result of which they infect the leaves and fruits of the beans. To protect the crop from the pest, be sure to treat the plantings with bacterial preparations such as Gomelin's solution or Bitoxibacillin.
• Another well-known pest is the bean weevil, which gets into the ground during planting. The caryopsis destroys the grains from the inside. To protect the seeds, be sure to treat the planting material with boric acid.
• Slugs usually appear in too moist soils. In the fight against this pest, monitor the moisture level and be sure to remove all weeds.

There are a number of health conditions that you may encounter when growing beans.

Here we look at planting beet seeds outdoors and learn how to get a big harvest.

We will tell you more about the process of planting peppers in open ground here.

In our material, the process of growing zucchini in the beds is considered in detail.

These include diseases such as:

• The viral disease anthracnose, which very quickly affects the green part of plants - the leaves are covered with dark spots. For prevention purposes, it is worth using a solution of Bordeaux liquid.
• White rot - in this case, the stems turn white, become softer. To combat white rot, use a suitable formulation that includes honey.
• Mosaic. In this case, the leaves are covered with variegated "dots" that form a mosaic. The leaves wrinkle, the beans themselves stop growing, making the plants look dwarf. This disease cannot be treated, therefore only it can be prevented. When the bean bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm, it is worth processing with Fitosporin.

When to harvest and how to store beans?

If you planted sugar or semi-sugar varieties, they are eaten whole. To do this, you need to form newly formed pods that have been hanging on the plant for no more than 7-10 days. It is better to harvest in the morning, as the green pods begin to wither quickly, losing their attractiveness.

If we talk about hulling varieties, then you need to wait until the beans are fully ripe. It is best to harvest from July to late September, when the leaves are already starting to dry out and the appearance of the pod changes, as does its color.

Beans are grown on a support

However, some varieties of beans do not change color after the harvest is ripe, so it is worth considering the recommendations indicated on the package with seeds.

When harvesting beans, the plants need to be uprooted and placed under a roof on burlap or foil to preserve any beans that have fallen to the floor after the pods are opened. Once dry, you can remove all the beans from the pods.

They store green beans for about a week and a half in the refrigerator, but if you want to consume them for food in winter, you should freeze the harvested crop. Before placing the beans in the freezer, they must be washed and cut into pieces about 3 cm long. Before packing, be sure to blanch the beans for a couple of minutes, and then place them in containers or bags.

Beans must be dried before being stored, damaged beans removed, and then vacuum sealed, such as in a glass jar.

Conclusion

Beans are an ideal crop for planting in the country. The main plus is that its cultivation and care are quite simple, because this plant is not capricious and does not require serious efforts on the part of the gardener. And a huge variety of species and varieties will allow you to choose the most optimal option for you without any problems.

Bean, a vegetable loved by many, began to be eaten in Russia only in the 18th century. Until then, the culture was cultivated as an ornamental plant for two centuries. For the sake of fruits, common beans are grown today, which are represented by a wide variety of species and varieties. However, gardeners often use multi-flowered beans to decorate their plots, which bloom with bright, beautiful red flowers. What varieties of beans are the best, how to plant beans correctly, how to care for and store them, we will describe in detail in our article.

Beans: description, photo

An annual or perennial herb, the bean can be upright or curly. On its stems are feathery leaves with stipules. In the axils of the leaves, clusters of flowers are formed. After flowering on the bushes, bivalve fruits ripen with seeds weighing about one gram each. The beans (seeds) are separated from each other by spongy septa.

Beans are very unpretentious, self-pollinated, and no more than twelve hours of daylight hours are enough for their ripening. In addition, its seeds are rich in protein, nutritious and very healthy.

Types and best varieties of beans - description, photo

Bean varieties have several classifications:

1. According to its purpose and taste, the vegetable can be asparagus, grain and semi-sugar.
2. By the shape of the plant itself - climbing and bush.
3. According to the ripening period, beans are divided into early ripening, mid-early, medium, mid-ripening, late.

From areas with short summers, it is recommended to grow early and mid-early varieties, the ripening period of which is up to 65 and up to 75 days, respectively. On mid-season and late varieties in these regions, the beans may not have time to ripen, since their growing season lasts from 85 to 100 days.

Grain beans

Plants of this variety have a coarse parchment layer inside the pod, which is not used for food. Therefore, grain varieties are grown to obtain beans, that is, grains. It is recommended to grow grain varieties of beans in warm regions, since in regions with colder climates, the pods do not have time to ripen. However, many gardeners grow these types of legumes through seedlings.

The best varieties of grain beans:

1. Ruby - the variety is distinguished by narrow pods and cherry seeds with excellent taste. The variety is mid-season.

   Rubin beans

2. Spanish white Is a climbing plant with large white, tasty grains that have a thin skin. Short, bright green pods are not eaten. Each pod ripens from three to five beans. Medium late variety.

   Corn beans Spanish white

3. Golden - the variety got its name because of the golden color of the pods, which are formed on a bush up to forty centimeters high. Yellow seeds are excellent in taste and high in protein.
4. Turkish beans or fire red beans has not only beautiful bright flowers, but an unusual bean color. They can be light purple or pink and white, but always with a darker pattern. The color of the grains depends on the color of the flowers, which are red, red-white, white-pink, white. The plant itself has bright green dense foliage and grows from 2.5 to 4 meters in height. However, the fruits of this variety are not eaten raw, as they contain toxins. At the same time, a gorgeous flowering unpretentious plant can decorate the garden from June to September.

   Fire red beans or Turkish beans

5. The mistress's dream - the plant in the form of a bush is distinguished by white seeds that ripen in yellow long pods. Beans are high in protein. The variety is mid-season.

   Bean variety Mistress's Dream

6. Chocolate girl - a bush up to sixty centimeters high is distinguished by brown pods resistant to shedding. Chocolate brown seeds contain trace elements and a high percentage of protein. Medium late variety.

Black Eyed Peas

This type is also called vegetable or sugar beans. Its peculiarity is that the seeds can be eaten together with the pod.

The best varieties of asparagus beans:

1. Hell Rem - The climbing plant is popular for the mushroom flavor of its pink grains. A dish made from the pods of this variety will have a mushroom flavor.
2. Blauchild - the variety is distinguished by purple pods, seeds and leaves. The pods can grow from 15 to 23 cm in length. You need to collect them a little immature, otherwise they will become harsh. Bleichilda also has excellent decorative qualities, as it grows up to four meters and blooms beautifully for a long time.

   Blauchild's asparagus bean variety

3. Melody - a climbing plant with fruits about 15 cm long, which are green. Up to nine pods can form on one stem. The variety is early maturing.
4. Purple lady - a short liana with climbing stems up to one and a half meters long, distinguished by dark purple beans up to 18 cm long. The white grains of the plant are very tasty. Medium early variety.

   Bean variety Purple Lady

5. Crane - a variety with delicate green pods that ripen on a compact bush up to half a meter high. The plant is unpretentious and high-yielding.
6. Deer king - an exclusive variety, as it gives two harvests per season. In addition, the white bean pods have an excellent taste.

Of all the varieties, asparagus beans are the tastiest and are able to remove excess moisture from the body, which contributes to weight loss.

Semi-sugar beans

The species differs in that in the early stages of ripening the grain can be eaten with pods. Later, inside the fruit, the parchment layer becomes dense and the pods are already inedible.

The best varieties of semi-sugar beans:

1. Indiana - a variety with very beautiful white seeds, which are painted with red patterns. An early ripe variety in regions with a warm climate gives two harvests per season.

   Indiana Semi-Sugar Beans

2. Welt - a bush variety with pods up to 13 cm long. Five or six pink-lilac beans ripen in each fruit. The early ripe variety Rant is resistant to many diseases and has a high yield.
3. Second - the variety is notable for its golden pods with yellow-brown beans. The pods reach 10-13 cm in length. The variety is early maturing.

   Bean variety Seconds

Planting beans in the spring in the ground

When to plant beans

In spring, when the weather is warm, the last night frosts will pass and the soil temperature on the site will warm up to + 12 ... + 15 degrees, beans can be planted in open ground.

According to popular belief, it is believed that when earrings appear on birches, bird cherry blossoms, and in the southern regions - chestnuts, it is time to plant beans.

First of all, erect varieties are planted, and after a week - curly ones. To harvest during the entire warm period, many gardeners plant sugar and semi-sugar early ripening varieties every ten days until mid-July.

Soil for beans

Legumes prefer well-lit areas with loose soil sheltered from strong winds. It is not recommended to plant them on clay soils where water stagnates.

Another feature of the crop is that it is able to extract nitrogen from the air, therefore, areas enriched with nitrogen fertilizers are not suitable for planting crops.

Hulk beans can even be grown in poor soil in the field and without regular watering. This cultivation of beans is called melons and is practiced in the southern regions.

Then plant the beans

When choosing a site, one should not forget about crop rotation, since it is impossible to plant beans after any types of legumes. It will grow well after cucumbers and peppers, eggplant and tomatoes, potatoes and cabbage.

It is recommended to plant cabbage and tomatoes, cucumbers and beets, onions and carrots on the same bed with legumes.

Garden bed preparation

It is best to start preparing the beds for planting legumes in the fall:

1. The site is cleared of plant residues.
2. Fertilizer is distributed over the bed (for each square meter - ½ a bucket of compost, 20 grams of wood ash and 30 grams of superphosphate). You can use a mixture of 4 kg of compost or humus, ½ tablespoon of potassium salt, 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate and ammonium nitrate, 2 tablespoons of dolomite flour.
3. The fertilized area is dug to the depth of the shovel bayonet.

Seed preparation

Bean seeds do not require any special processing, however, it is recommended to sort them out, choosing smooth and even grains of the same size. To swell, the planting material is soaked in warm water overnight. To help the seeds germinate faster in the soil, they can be placed in a damp cloth before sprouting. After about 3-5 days, the beans will be ready for planting.

Attention! Sprouted seeds sprout quickly, however, birds find and peck them faster, the shoots may break during planting, and freeze during recurrent frosts.

In order to prevent damage to plants by diseases and pests, seeds on the day of sowing are dipped in a boric acid solution for five minutes (for 5 liters of water - 1 gram of acid).

How to plant beans correctly

Immediately before planting in the spring, the bed is loosened and rather wide holes are made in it with a depth of about 5 cm, the distance between which depends on the type of plant:

1. For climbing varieties, the distance between the rows should be about 50 cm, and between the plants themselves - 25-30 cm.
2. Bush varieties are planted at a distance of about 20 cm from each other, observing the distance between the rows - 40 cm.

It is recommended to place 5-6 grains in each hole, in order to then select the three strongest plants, and remove or transplant the weak ones.

The plantings are sprinkled with earth, watered from a watering can with a shower head, the soil is compacted with a rake (back side) and covered with a film. Shelter is only necessary if night frosts are possible.

Attention! Several varieties of beans can be planted on one bed and even in the same row at once, since these plants are self-pollinating.

Planting beans for seedlings

This type of legume is grown in seedlings only in regions with short summers. In the south and in central Russia, seedlings are grown only by those gardeners who want to get an early harvest.

It is difficult to say when to plant beans for seedlings, since the timing of planting depends on the response of the region and plant varieties. Before the intended planting in open ground, seeds are planted in about a month. For this, it is recommended to use peat pots, together with which the seedlings are then placed in the soil.

Beans are prepared before sowing for seedlings in the same way as before planting in open ground. Peat pots are filled with moist, light soil, which can be pre-mixed with a small amount of mineral fertilizers or ash. Two seeds are placed in each pot to a depth of 3 cm, so that later a stronger plant is left. The crops are sprinkled with soil, watered, covered with polyethylene and removed to a warm place.

When the seedlings appear, the seedling containers are placed in a well-lit place. Seedling care includes timely watering, maintaining the temperature within +16 degrees and providing good lighting.

In open ground, bean seedlings are planted with three to four leaves. At this time, warm weather should be established, and the threat of frost return should be avoided. A week before planting on the garden bed, the seedlings begin to harden, for which they are taken out for several hours on an open balcony or plot.

Before planting, the bushes are well watered, placed in prepared holes, sprinkled with soil, watered again and sprinkled with mulch. If frosts are possible at night, then a covering material can be draped over the plants.

How to care for beans

Caring for bush beans will not take much time, but climbing plants require special attention. As soon as the seedlings sprout, they will need to be huddled so that the bushes will not fall.

Watering the beans

Watering frequency depends on weather conditions. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is moist, but without stagnant water. For different species, their own irrigation regime:

1. Sugar and semi-sugar tall varieties are watered moderately throughout the season.
2. The rest of the beans are watered as needed before budding begins. During flowering, watering is stopped, and when the pods begin to grow, the plants are watered about once every three days.

It is advisable to use settled water for irrigation.

Loosening

After rains or watering, the beds are cleaned of weeds, and the aisles are loosened:

• the first time the soil is loosened shallowly, when the seedlings grow to about 7 cm;
• the second loosening together with hilling is carried out half a month after the first;
• the last time in a season, the soil in the garden bed is loosened before the bushes grow and their rows close.

If the plants are planted at a fairly large distance from each other, then, as necessary, the procedure of loosening the row spacings can be continued.

How to feed beans

During the season, the plants are fed three times:

1. After sprouting, the beans are fed when two true leaves appear on the plants. For this, a solution is prepared from phosphorus-potassium or phosphorus fertilizers (for 10 liters of water - 15-20 grams).
2. During budding and flowering, legumes need potassium. Therefore, they are watered with an ash solution (for 10 liters of water - 1 glass) or special potash fertilizers (for 10 liters of water - 15 grams).
3. When the fruits begin to ripen, the beans are fed with a solution of 10 liters of water and 10-15 grams of potassium-phosphorus fertilizer.

If the plants are lagging behind in development, then additional feeding is possible. However, remember that nitrogen fertilizers cannot be used.

Bean garter

The support for climbing plants must be taken care of during planting. For this, large-mesh nets or supports are installed, between which a thin twine, rope or wire is pulled. The plants are directed to the stretch marks and are not tied very tightly in several places so as not to bend the stem. The bean vine will cling to the mesh or wire by itself.

Tall bush varieties also need support.For each bush, you can install a separate wooden peg and tie the plant to it.

Metal pipes and plastic products are not suitable for support, since the vine will not be able to climb along them.

Diseases and pests of beans

Violation of crop rotation, poor care and many other unfavorable factors lead to the fact that plants are affected by fungal or viral diseases, as well as various pests.

Of the diseases, beans are most often affected:

1. Powdery mildew manifests itself as a white bloom, which looks like pieces of cotton wool. The leaves and stems of plants begin to turn yellow and dry out.
2. Root rot affects the root system, as a result of which the roots die off, the root collar becomes brown, the plants practically stop growing.
3. White rot affects the tissues of beans and stems, which soften over time.
4. Anthractosis can be recognized by the brown spots on the seedlings, which turn brown over time. Holes form on the leaves and then the foliage falls off
5. Mosaic recognized by bright red spots that appear on pods and leaves. Fruits cease to set, the plant lags behind in growth.

Affected plants must be removed and burned. The soil where they grew is treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid. Some of these diseases can be treated with fungicides, however, they are harmful to humans. Therefore, it is better to spend preventive actions:

1. Observe crop rotation and agricultural techniques.
2. Treat the soil around seedlings and after harvesting with Phytosporin.
3. Disinfect planting material.
4. Remove weeds and plant debris in time.

Of the pests, beans are loved:

1. Slugs that crawl out of the ground and suck juices from plants. Superphosphate scattered around the plantings will save from these pests.
2. Aphids also feed on plant sap. It lives on trunks and reproduces rapidly. You can get rid of it by fumigating with a mixture of wood ash and hot red pepper or tobacco dust. The same folk remedies can be used against sprout flies and whiteflies. Insecticidal preparations help well, but the use of chemistry is not recommended.
3. So that the planting does not affect the bean weevils, the planting material should be treated with boric acid before sowing.

If ladybugs live on your site, then aphids and other harmful insects will be much less.

Harvesting and storing beans

Sugar and semi-sugar varieties

Green pods are best eaten and preserved. Collect them every other day so that new fruits develop. In this case, the beans can be harvested until the end of the season. Cutting the pods is recommended with sharp scissors or pruning shears.

To get grains from semi-sugar varieties, you need to wait until they are overripe.

Collection of peeling varieties

The following signs indicate that the grain beans are ripe:

• the color of the pods changes - the red and purple varieties turn pale, and the green ones turn yellow;
• the fruits dry up;
• the beans become strong;
• pods thunder and peel easily.

Dried fruits are harvested, and still unripe green ones are left. In a few days it will be possible to collect them too.

Storing beans

The fruits of cereal and overripe semi-sugar varieties should be spread out in a thin layer and dried well in a ventilated dry room. Dried pods peel well. To speed up the procedure, you can put them in a bag and wrinkle them. The beans are peeled off before storage.

In hermetically sealed glass jars and in a cool room, beans can be stored for years.

The peculiarity of the beans is that after harvesting, its remnants in the garden can not be removed, since the roots decomposing in the ground will enrich the site with nitrogen. Only the upper part of the plants, which may contain fungi and pest larvae, should be removed and burned.

Excellent taste combined with a variety of useful, including medicinal properties have made beans a place in the top ten foods recommended for a healthy diet.

How to plant beans and how to care for them to get a decent harvest?

Preparing for landing

Growing a heat-loving culture in the open field requires compliance with a number of parameters.

Timing

Before planting seeds, make sure that the soil is warmed up enough (its temperature at ten centimeters depth should be about 14-15 degrees Celsius). In spring, this indicator is usually typical for the second or third decade of May.

Seat selection

Good aeration of the soil, deep groundwater, high level of illumination - these are the conditions under which planting and leaving in the open field will give positive results when growing beans.

Sowing a vegetable is best in a loamy area with neutral acidity located on the windless side.

Soil preparation

In autumn, the land on the site where it is supposed to plant beans in open ground should be dug to a depth of 24-25 centimeters. If necessary, the garden is disinfected with potassium permanganate and liming.

The use of organic and mineral fertilizers will help to increase yields. The rate per square meter will be:

compost (humus)	4 Kg
wood ash	20 g
superphosphate	30 g

Seed preparation

Before planting in open ground, the seed must be properly prepared.

Having carefully sorted out the seeds, they are soaked in water for 12-14 hours. When using ash infusion, the procedure time is reduced to two to three hours. Immediately before planting the beans, the seeds are placed in a weak boric acid solution for a few minutes.

Then plant

It is impossible to successfully grow vegetables without observing crop rotation. It is not easy to fulfill all his requirements in a summer cottage or a small vegetable garden, but it is necessary. It is strictly forbidden to sow legumes, which include beans, after other legumes.

But nightshade crops (eggplant, physalis, pepper, tomato, potato), as well as cabbage, carrots and beets can serve as an excellent precursor for beans.

How to plant in open ground

The prepared seeds are planted in dry grooves, which are then leveled with a rake and thoroughly moistened. The planting material is buried in the soil by 4-6 centimeters, placing 3-4 seeds in each hole. In this case, the scheme for planting a vegetable in open ground depends on its variety.

In climbing varieties, the distance between the bushes should be 25-30 centimeters, the row spacing should be 45-50 centimeters. For bush plants, we reduce the interval between plants to 20-25 centimeters, row spacing to 40 centimeters.

If all the planted material germinates, the seedlings are thinned out, leaving 2-3 copies in each hole. The rest of the beans sprouted in the ground are carefully removed from the soil and planted on an additional bed.

Advice. “The soil for sowing can be warmed up in advance using a covering material. In this case, the vegetable will grow faster and develop more intensively. "

Care

Taking care of your crops is easy. It is enough to comply with the requirements of agricultural technology.

Watering

The watering schedule depends on the stage of the growing season.

At the first stage of vegetable development, it is enough to keep the soil in the aisles moist. In the flowering phase, the amount of water is brought to 4-6 liters per square meter, and during the period of seed setting and ripening, these volumes are doubled. Water the plants in the late afternoon with rain or well-settled water, trying not to get on the flowers and ovary.

Top dressing

For feeding beans, mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers are used. As it develops, the plant extracts nitrogen from the soil on its own. At the germination stage, superphosphate is used, during flowering and ovary formation - potassium salt.

Soil loosening

The systematic supply of oxygen to the roots of plants is ensured by regular weeding and loosening of row spacings. Bush varieties need three-fold hilling: the first is most effective when the plant reaches 10 centimeters, the second is carried out when the bushes are 15-20 centimeters high, and the third is at the stage of their closure.

Garter

When growing climbing varieties, it is necessary to provide for a garter of plants to a support.

The latter can be one and a half to two-meter wooden stakes buried in the ground, around which bean stalks are twisted counterclockwise.

Planting sprouted beans

Seeds are germinated, as a rule, if there is little planting material, and the crop variety is rare. At the same time, the same care requirements are observed as when growing any seedlings.

You can plant beans sprouted in a pot with a peat-earthen mixture in open ground in a month and a half. By this time, a round-the-clock positive temperature should be established on the street, and the soil should warm up to the standard 15 degrees.

Planting and caring for seedlings in the open field, properly germinated at home, are actually the same as for seed reproduction.

Collection and storage

The asparagus bean spatulas are removed while they are green and juicy. Pods that have reached five centimeters in length are trimmed or torn off as they ripen. When harvesting for future use, the blades are preserved or frozen.

A different approach to grain harvesting. In this case, the vegetable is harvested after the pods are completely dry. Cutting off the bushes near the ground, the stems are tied into bunches, which are hung down tops in a well-ventilated area. After final drying, the pods are husked. The resulting grain is sorted out, sorted, if necessary, and dried again, poured into glass jars, which are stored in a cool room.

Attention! "Before sending the beans for long-term storage, lightly heat them in the oven for 3-4 minutes."

What to plant after beans

After harvesting the beans the next year, the vacated area can be used for growing potatoes, cucumbers, carrots and other crops.

In order to avoid diseases in the place where beans grew, legumes are grown only after four to five years. You can use the land freed up after harvesting immediately by sowing lettuce, dill, cilantro or other fast-growing plants. On the soil enriched with green manure, they will have time to give a crop before the cold weather.

Growing at home

Beans are not often grown in home or greenhouse conditions. If it becomes necessary to plant it at home, it is better to use bush types of asparagus varieties. They take up less space and do not require full ripening for use in food.

For the plants, the same regime is created as for cultivation on the site. It is especially important to provide crops with twelve hours daylight hours. Curly specimens that require a lot of space can be placed on an insulated loggia.

Growing on a trellis

Growing on a trellis makes it possible to provide climbing varieties with sufficient light and create favorable conditions for uniform seed ripening.

A structure that serves as a support for plants is usually stakes driven into the ground with a wire or twine stretched between them.

A structure made of plastic or metal pipes and a special coarse-mesh plastic mesh can serve the same purpose.

Types and varieties of beans

In grain or shelling varieties, only seeds are eaten, in asparagus or vegetable varieties, the entire pod is completely.

Semi-sugar

In the early stages of the growing season, such beans do not differ from asparagus. At the stage of technical ripeness, its pods are widely used in cooking. As the seed pods mature, they become stiff, and the variety actually becomes a peeling variety.

Sugar (asparagus)

Sugar bean pods retain their original qualities, remain soft and edible throughout the entire ripening period.

Peeling

In this species, only fully ripe beans are eaten, which are an excellent source of protein, minerals and vitamins necessary for humans.

When choosing a variety for sowing, both the taste and the climatic conditions in which the crop will be grown should be taken into account.

Varieties for the Moscow region

In the conditions of the region, early and mid-season low-growing bush varieties have positively proven themselves.

Undemanding in care, climate-tolerant beans:

• Moscow white green-pod-556,
• Nomad
• Green-handled-517
• Gribovskaya-92
• Sugar triumph-764

Varieties for the Urals and the middle lane

The universal high-yielding varieties suitable for cultivation in the middle lane and in the Urals include:

1. Oran
2. Pink
3. Inga
4. Arishka
5. Crane

Varieties for Siberia

The “winner” variety is distinguished by its resistance to cold and disease. The same positive characteristics can be given to the “oil king” variety.

The zoned culture is successfully grown in the climatic conditions of Siberia. With proper care, the varieties “northern star”, “early ripening”, “swallow” will please you with the harvest.

Diseases

Violation of the requirements of agricultural technology and adverse weather conditions are fraught with diseases.

Anthracnose

Fungal disease that occurs with high humidity. It appears with brownish-brown spots on all aerial parts of the plant. Anthracnose can kill the plant, and infected seeds act as a source of infection.

White and gray rot

White rot (sclerotinosis) is caused by a pathogenic fungus. It arises at the point of contact of the plant stems with the soil, and then spreads to its other parts.

With gray rot, a grayish bloom appears on the leaves, and then on the pods. Most often, the disease develops in rainy weather.

Root rot

Excessive soil moisture is the cause of root rot. The disease is most dangerous at the early stage of the growing season. If treatment is not started immediately, the plant may die due to nutrient deficiencies.

Mosaic

A symptom of the disease is the appearance on the leaves of dead, like mosaic, areas. The development of vegetable crops slows down and may stop altogether.

Powdery mildew

Off-white bloom on stems, leaves and pods indicates powdery mildew disease. The development of the disease is facilitated by warm rainy weather. Powdery mildew reduces yields by 30-35 percent.

Damaged plants are immediately removed from the site and destroyed, the soil is disinfected. Correctly carried out preventive treatment of crops with fungicides will help to avoid diseases.

Pests

Most often, beans suffer from such insect pests as sprout fly, whitefly, aphid, moth. Periodic treatment of crops with insecticides will help get rid of uninvited guests.

Preparations "Decis", "Aktara", "Gaupsin" and similar are used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, taking into account the timing of harvesting.

Low temperatures help to destroy the bean weevil that infects seeds. If you suspect the presence of a pest, the harvested crop should be kept in the freezer for 4-5 days.
Observing the rules of agricultural technology, even a novice gardener can get a rich harvest of a vegetable, wonderful in all respects.