Garlic family planting and care in the open field

Recently, a special variety of garlic - family garlic - has attracted the attention of gardeners.

An unusual vegetable with a high yield percentage is offered in online stores for a decent price. Culture owners are reluctant to share information about cultivation, planting, storage and care. The variety is far from new, but it has not become widespread in all regions of our country.

Is it worth planting a vegetable and how to do it correctly?

Surely everyone has heard of such a culture as a family bow. On average, 5 large, full-fledged vegetables grow from one onion. The same thing happens with the family garlic.

According to various sources, from 1 clove appears from 5 to 30 heads of various sizes. The fewer the number of heads, the larger they are. In terms of taste, useful properties, it is in no way inferior to the usual garlic.

It is used in raw food, for preservation, preparation of various dishes. The culture does not require special efforts for storage, care, cultivation. However, there is a certain scheme through which you can get a good harvest.

Landing

Family garlic can be planted in fall or early spring. Experienced gardeners insist on the latter option, since winter crops often give arrows, reducing the percentage of yield.

But if the winter is warm, and the bed with the winter crop is well insulated, then troubles can be avoided. In spring, it is recommended to plant at the end of April. With a long winter, the process will have to wait. But it is necessary to land no later than May 5th.

Attention! Tentatively, the soil temperature should be 5 degrees Celsius. Excessive humidity is discouraged.

At the same time, do not confuse family garlic with an ordinary vegetable, which accidentally remained in the ground for the winter.

Several heads also grow from it, but their sizes are inferior to full-fledged garlic. Family sit on the clove. Each of them contains rudiments, which form a full-fledged vegetable during the growth period. Therefore, the number of heads may differ.

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Correct fit algorithm

To obtain a high-quality harvest of this crop, specialists and simply amateur gardeners use the recommended algorithm of actions:

• the clove is placed upside down 5 cm into the soil. Carefully sprinkle with a rake. For the winter, the garden bed must be well mulched. In spring beds, it is also recommended to mulch between rows, which should be about 0.5 m. Straw is used. Mulch retains moisture well, does not allow the soil to dry out, prevents the growth of weeds;
• the distance between the teeth when planting should be about 23 cm. The next row should be planted in a checkerboard pattern;
• it is not recommended to use the beds for planting in the place where onions, potatoes, root crops previously grew. These crops extract calcium from the soil, which subsequently affects the formation of heads;

• planting material must be peeled off, get rid of dry heads. Prepare a solution of copper sulfate - 1 tbsp for 10 liters of water. a spoon. Place the planting material in the solution for 20 minutes, rinse with running water and dry.

  If the heads are too dry, you can restore strength by soaking for 10 hours in vermicompost, Gumistrara. For 10 liters - 1 tbsp. a spoon;

• the grooves should be moistened, sprinkled with ash. In the future, ash will help to avoid many diseases and scare off pests.

The first leaves appear in May. The higher the temperature of the air, the earth, the faster the garlic greens.

Note! If the frosts in May freeze the leaves slightly, they will turn yellow.

There is nothing to worry about, the culture will move away and continue its full-fledged growth.

Requirements for care, harvesting and storage of crops

Family garlic - planting and caring for it is easy.

Until the leaf grows to 10 cm, nothing needs to be done. The culture is very resistant to diseases, so you should not spray or feed anything. Tubers go deep in search of moisture, strengthen, prepare for full growth.

You can take care of the beds in 2 ways:

1. A layer of mulch 5-10 cm in height is added between the rows. To do this, use mown weeds, cut into pieces. Water once a week until June.
2. If the beds are left without mulch, it is necessary to periodically loosen the soil, remove weeds in a timely manner. Watering has to be done 2 times more often. However, if the summer is rainy, there is no need for additional watering.

The heads stop forming by June. From this point on, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the leaves. They determine when to harvest.

Yellow, dry leaves are a sign that it's time to start harvesting. If the process is delayed, the heads begin to absorb moisture from the soil, which subsequently affects the quality of storage.

Moisture activates growth processes, shortens the rest period. Without waiting for April, the planting material will begin to germinate.

Pull the garlic on a sunny day, when the morning dew disappears. It dries up in the beds, is harvested in the evening, placed under a canopy or in the attic. After final drying, remove the leaves, stem.

The garden bed must be dug up after harvest. It is not recommended to plant garlic again next year, since the land plot needs to be constantly changed.Any culture can be planted on the site of the garden.

A rich harvest is obtained from peas. Moreover, legumes enrich the soil with components that have a beneficial effect on the growth of garlic.

In terms of taste, the vegetable is in no way inferior to other varieties of garlic, even better. It is stored well, has a high yield percentage.

Resistant to disease, drought. You can store a vegetable directly in an apartment or house. It tolerates heat well.

There is nothing difficult in growing and caring for family garlic: just try it once to fall in love with this unusual vegetable forever.

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Family garlic has recently attracted the attention of vegetable growers, but immediately became popular. This is an unusual vegetable with a high yield. In terms of taste, it is no different from the traditional one, but from one clove you can get at least five full-fledged garlic bulbs. The fewer there are, the larger they are. In this, it resembles a culture such as a family bow. Family garlic is used to prepare various dishes, it is used for preservation, it is consumed raw. Is it worth growing family garlic, how to plant it: in the spring or in the fall?

Planting family garlic

You can choose one of two planting methods: winter, garlic is planted in autumn, or early spring. Experienced gardeners who have been cultivating this garlic for a long time recommend planting a crop in the country in the spring. Winter garlic gives a lower yield, as it often goes into the arrow. This can be avoided if the bed with the planted garlic is well insulated, and if the winter is warm, the risk of the formation of an arrow is reduced to zero.

The planting time for garlic in spring depends on the temperature of the soil and air. You need to think about landing if the temperature is close to 5 degrees. It is desirable that there is no strong humidity. Tentatively, this happens at the end of April. If the winter is long, you need to wait until May, but it is also not worth planting garlic too late, the garlic will not have time to ripen and give a harvest. Disembarkation is done with teeth.

Soil for family garlic

The family garlic prefers light, nutritious, and non-acidic. Do not plant garlic on heavy, sandy soils. If the land on the site is far from perfect, you can fix it a little by nourishing it with nutrients. The simplest thing is to introduce into the soil that natural element that it lacks. For example, clay in sandy soil or sand in too clayey. For 1 square meter of clay soil, you will need to add up to three buckets of sand. The introduced elements with the soil must be thoroughly mixed to the depth of the shovel bayonet.

You can apply the following method of enriching sandy soil: 5 buckets of clay must be stirred in 200 liters of water. Better to do it in a barrel. The mixture should be insisted for 7 days, every day you need to mix everything. The resulting solution is enough to process 50 sq. meters of land. In spring and autumn, the soil is watered with such a solution before digging it up. Lime materials will help reduce the acidity of the soil. They are brought in one year before planting. A plot with properly prepared soil is the first step to successfully growing this crop.

For garlic, make high beds 1 meter wide.This will help avoid excessive exposure to melt and groundwater, and ensure maximum sunlight penetration.

Fertilizers for family garlic

Failure to comply with the rules of crop rotation will lead to depletion of the soil. Then you will need to feed it with various mineral and organic fertilizers.

When planting garlic, the soil is fertilized with compost (1 square meter bucket), double superphosphate. Fertilization with potassium sulfate, wood ash is also effective. Potassium monophosphate is suitable as a source of phosphorus and potassium. It is introduced into the soil only with irrigation water. You can use complex fertilizers designed specifically for garlic and onions.

Avoid adding fresh manure to the soil. There is an excess of nitrogen in it, it affects the garlic, which will actively develop green leaves, and the heads will form poorly, grow loose, and will not be stored. There is a risk of contamination of the garlic with a fungal infection. The same reasons make you refuse to feed garlic with herbal infusion and urea in the spring.

You can completely abandon feeding if the garlic is growing healthy. And use complex mineral fertilizers if the plant is weakened, lags behind in development.

Reproduction of family garlic

Acquiring this variety of garlic is often problematic, therefore, if you like the garlic, you need to regularly update the variety through air bulbs. It is necessary to plant the plants on seeds, they should remain in the garden until the inflorescence shells open. To grow bulbs, you need to leave the thickest arrows.

So that the inflorescence does not burst right on the garden bed, and the bulbs do not fly in different directions, you can put a gauze cap on the arrow. The fact that the bulbs are ripe is indicated by the spirally twisted arrows of the garlic, which began to straighten. Sometimes nature fails, the heads crumble, and the bulbs are not yet ripe. You can cut the arrows, leaving a long stem, put in water or hang from the stems. This will help the bulbs to ripen. The bulbs are dried together with the garlic intended for planting. They are even planted at the same time.

Bulb planting scheme

A distance of 20 cm is made between the rows, and only 5 cm between the bulbs. It is necessary to plant them with a margin, not all bulbs will germinate. In the spring, remove excess bulbs, leaving a distance of 15 cm. You can plant bulbs with garlic in the same bed. From the bulbs in the next season, one-toothed ones will ripen, they will give a full harvest the next year.

The subtleties of spring planting

Spring garlic has recently been increasingly planted by vegetable growers. To get a high-quality harvest, amateur gardeners should use the following rules for the preparation of planting material and placement in open ground:

• Planting material is being prepared. This is a mandatory procedure that will help disinfect the cloves. First, the cloves are sorted out, freed from the husk, dry specimens are thrown away. A solution of copper sulfate is being prepared (1 tablespoon of the chemical is dissolved in ten liters of water). In this solution, the cloves must be held for 20 minutes. Rinse the cloves with water, dry slightly.
• Too dry heads can be restored by soaking them overnight in vermicompost. A solution is prepared in the same proportions as copper sulfate.
• Before planting, it is necessary to slightly moisten the prepared grooves, sprinkle them with wood ash. Ash is needed to prevent the occurrence of diseases, it also repels pests well.
• You should not plant family garlic where garlic, onions, root vegetables, potatoes previously grew. All of these crops thin the soil by depriving it of calcium. This will not have the best effect on the further formation of large single heads.
• You should not make a bed for garlic between trees and shrubs, they will shade the bed, interfering with the growth of the plant.
• The teeth are buried into the soil to a depth of about 5 cm.This should be done with the bottom down. A lot of space must be left between them, as several bulbs will form. It is good if the distance is about 23 cm. The next row is done by placing the cloves in a checkerboard pattern.
• The planted cloves of garlic are carefully sprinkled with earth, leveling the garden with a rake. If the planting was carried out before winter, the garden must be covered with mulch. Better to use sawdust. When planting cloves in spring, mulching is carried out between rows, the distance between them should be about 50 cm. You can spread straw there, it will help the soil not dry out, retain moisture, and prevent weeds.
• The higher the temperature of the soil and air, the faster you can see the first shoots of garlic. Usually, the first leaves appear at the end of May. Sometimes frosts suddenly hit in May, they can slightly freeze the leaves. If you notice that the leaves have turned yellow, don't worry. When the weather changes again, the culture will continue to grow.

Planting family garlic before winter

Family garlic can be planted in the fall in the country before winter. For the garden, you need to choose a sunny place. There are no exact rules for planting garlic before winter; family garlic is considered an unpretentious variety. But experienced gardeners give several recommendations for planting:

• the distance between the teeth should be 10 centimeters;
• the cloves are buried by 10-15 centimeters;
• it is impossible to press the cloves into the ground;
• large snowdrifts will protect the beds from the winter cold.

The garden bed must be prepared a month before planting. The soil is dug up, humus is introduced, compost is added to correct the condition of the acidic soil, ash is added. After that, the garden bed needs to rest. Each meter of the area of ​​the garden should settle in a natural way, it should not be tamped. Planting in autumn will help you get a good harvest, shorten the time for other work in the garden and vegetable garden in the spring.

Garlic planting care

Caring for plantings of family garlic does not require much effort. Until the leaves grow to ten centimeters, you don't need to do anything at all. This culture is resistant to infections, diseases, it is not worth feeding and spraying it. The teeth go deep into the soil in search of moisture, strengthen there, so they prepare for full-fledged growth.

Once the garlic has grown, you can use one of the grooming methods. Everyone can choose the method that suits him:

1. Use mulch. It is laid out between the rows in a layer 5-10 cm high. For mulch, mowed grass is used, preferably chopped. Until June, you need to water the garlic once a week.
2. Some summer residents prefer regular loosening of the soil, weeding. In this case, you do not need to use mulch. With this method, you will need to water the beds more often - 2 times a week. With frequent summer showers, there is no need to water the garlic often.

The formation of garlic bulbs ends by June. It is necessary to observe the leaves, they will tell you when it is time to start harvesting. Dried, yellow leaves indicate that you cannot hesitate, you need to remove the garlic bulbs, otherwise they will absorb all the moisture from the soil, and this will affect the shelf life of the crop. They will begin to germinate within a few months.

Harvesting

Harvesting is done on a dry, sunny day. Garlic is pulled out of the ground, left to dry in the beds until evening, then collected and placed in the attic or under a canopy. After the garlic dries, you need to remove the stem and leaves. Store the garlic in braids. You can use special boxes where the garlic is put, sprinkled with salt. The shelf life of garlic is 6-8 months.

The bed must be dug up right away, you cannot plant garlic on this bed next year, and onions too. You can prepare this bed for planting legumes.

Planting garlic outdoors

Garlic is a hot spice that is actively used in cooking and traditional medicine.

Growing and caring for garlic in the open field on their own gives gardeners the opportunity to get the maximum benefit from it without harm to health, which the purchased one can bring.

Meanwhile, it is quite easy to grow a culture at home if you know and follow the basic rules of planting and caring for a plant.

Before starting the growing procedure, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the basic rules and recommendations:

1. Garlic beds are best chosen in places well-lit by the sun.
2. Avoid planting a crop in a low-lying area. In such conditions, the accumulation of liquid is possible, which will have a detrimental effect on the condition of the plants.
3. It is important to add natural or synthetic fertilizer to the soil before planting.
4. It is recommended to mulch over the winter bed and cover it with brushwood to delay the snow masses.
5. The sowing depth directly depends on the size of the seed. The largest varieties should be deepened by eight to nine centimeters, the smaller ones by six to seven.
6. Only large seeds should be chosen for planting. Separate them from each other carefully. You do not need to peel the cloves.
7. Do not sow into freshly dug soil, otherwise the tines will be deeper than necessary. Prepare the soil no earlier than a week in advance.
8. The sowing site should be changed regularly (at least once every two years). You can use the same ridge only with an interval of four years.

The correct approach to growing crops will allow you to grow a high-quality and rich harvest, and also significantly reduce the likelihood of disease and plant death during the nursing period.

When to plant garlic outdoors?

There are two options for planting garlic in open ground: autumn (for winter) and spring (for spring).

It is recommended to plant a crop in autumn from the second half of September to mid-October. You can also calculate the timing of the expected frost period, depending on the region. The most suitable time for sowing is 35-45 days before the start.

Spring garlic should be planted when the soil temperature warms up to 5-10 degrees Celsius. As a rule, this time falls on the end of March or the beginning of April.

All sowing dates in spring are relative. In this case, a lot depends on the region. So, in the warmest it is best to plant the crop earlier, in the colder ones - later. The final landing date is the end of April.

The best precursor to garlic is considered to be potatoes. You can also sow a crop in those places where zucchini, cucumbers and peas grew.

The worst predecessor is onion of all varieties and varieties. If you grow garlic the next year after the onion is harvested, you can expect a small and poor quality harvest.

The same goes for tomatoes and carrots.

The culture can also coexist with raspberry bushes, roses, strawberries, currants. In this case, the plant will help repel pests.

Soil preparation

The soil for sowing in open ground should be sufficiently fertile and drained, moisture-consuming. Loam is perfect. It is important that the soil is not dry. The ridge should be prepared for spring sowing in the fall.

To do this, you need to dig up the soil and apply fertilizer to it. For each square meter, you will need twenty grams of potassium salt and superphosphate, as well as a bucket of humus. This procedure can be performed in the spring, no later than two weeks before sowing.

The distance between the finished rows should be d2 decimeters, between other ridges - at least 1.

It is best to plant the teeth in the grooves, but at the same time they should not be pressed into the ground.

Too dense soil mixture will contribute to the freezing of the plant from the roots.

Important: You can neutralize the increased acidity of the soil with the help of dolomite flour, chalk or hydrated lime.

Preparation of planting material

First of all, all potential seed must be sorted out and sorted. Choose for growing only whole, healthy, large seeds. It is them that should be further subjected to pre-planting processing.

Important: the presence of at least one tooth damaged by the disease in the head automatically rejects the entire bulb.

The selected seed must be treated with the antifungal agent Fitosporin. To do this, it is enough to soak the cloves in the drug solution for five minutes. In the absence of this remedy, you can use a pink solution of potassium permanganate or 1% iodine solution.

Before direct planting, it is useful to carry out a second processing of the material. To do this, pour half a kilogram of wood ash with a liter of water and boil the composition for half an hour. Each clove will need to be dipped in the cooled solution, and then dried thoroughly.

Sowing is also possible with the so-called bulbs - the organs of vegetative propagation of garlic.

These are small bulbs that form in the seed case on the arrow of the plant itself during ripening.

The system of material selection, planting and cultivation practically does not differ from the system of using cloves.

Landing in open ground

Having prepared the soil and planting material, you can proceed to planting directly.

The procedure will take several steps:

1. Loosen the prepared soil with a spatula, hoe or other most convenient tool.
2. Make grooves with a depth corresponding to the dimensions of the prepared teeth from five to 10 cm. The distance between them should be twenty to thirty centimeters.
3. Place the garlic sprouts down into the grooves, about five centimeters apart. The teeth should be deepened by about half.
4. Fill the grooves with soil, trying not to unnecessarily tamp the ridge. Otherwise, the garlic may not sprout.
5. Smooth the surface of the ridges with a rake, avoiding deep penetration of the tool into the soil.

The soil for sowing in open ground should be moist, but not wet. Therefore, it is recommended to shed it in advance.

Outdoor garlic care

Basic crop care includes four aspects: timely watering, weeding, fertilizing and loosening the soil.

Watering

It is recommended to bring water into open ground regularly, but infrequently (once every one to two weeks).

It is enough to use 10 liters of water per square meter. During the rainy season, the number of waterings should be reduced to a minimum.

At the same time, it is important to periodically loosen the soil so that it absorbs moisture better.

As the ridges mature, they are watered with less and less moisture. Watering is completely stopped 2 weeks before harvesting.

1 time in 10 days, it is necessary to add potash and phosphorus additional fertilizing to the soil. It is important to strictly follow the instructions for use indicated on the package.

In addition, at the very beginning of the growing season and after the seed box is formed, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with natural fertilizers, which you will need to make yourself.

A kilogram of mullein or chicken droppings requires about 10 liters of water. It is important to keep such a solution for 3-5 days for fermentation. After that, each liter should be diluted with a bucket of water and irrigated.

With high-quality processing of planting material, the risk of disease and fungus is reduced.

Additionally, it is useful to disinfect the soil by spilling it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate immediately before planting. It is also recommended to carry out treatment with insecticides and fungicides in the spring.

It is important to weed as needed. Removing weeds once a week is usually sufficient.

Important: as soon as the formed seed pod bursts, it must be removed from the plant by breaking or cutting the arrow.

Harvest

Harvesting garlic should be carried out at a time when the greens turn yellow by about 2/3. As a rule, it takes about 100 days for a crop to mature, and the end of the period falls on mid-September. The ripeness of the crop is indicated by a loose connection of teeth in the head and dry husk.

In order to carry out cleaning, it is necessary to dig up the onion and pull it out by the tops. In this state, the plants should be laid out to dry.

After that, it is important to remove the soil, and move the heads for storage in a cool place. You can trim the roots and tops as early as a week after harvesting.

Conclusion

Growing garlic in the country or in a garden plot in the open field is a useful and interesting activity.

If you use all the rules of sowing and care, you can get a tasty and healthy crop that can be stored for a long time.

Such garlic can be used both in cooking and traditional medicine without fear for the health and quality of the finished product.

Growing garlic outdoors. Garlic: planting, leaving

Garlic is one of the oldest vegetable crops, home to the foothill Central Asian regions. It is a seasoning, a burning spice, and a great medicine. Therefore, no vegetable garden is complete without planting this representative of the Bulbous family.

Growing garlic outdoors is usually not a big problem for gardeners. It is believed that this is not difficult. Still, it's not easy to grow a good harvest.

Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, technology and planting care is necessary for the successful growth of this wonderful vegetable crop.

Garlic: the history of the plant

It is impossible to establish exactly from what time garlic has been present in people's lives. Already in ancient times, it was grown in India and used as a medicine.

Historians claim that they began to use it for food about 5 thousand years ago: the found manuscripts speak of the cultivation of garlic in Ancient Rome and Greece, Assyria and the Kingdom of Judah, Egypt and Arab countries.

He was found in the tombs of the pharaohs. The Bible and the Koran mention it, which testifies to the high recognition of this magnificent bulb as a spice and medicinal plant for ancient civilizations.

And today it is difficult to do without this culture, so we will deal with the intricacies of growing such a wonderful plant as garlic.

The site for planting is of decisive importance. It should be flat, not flooded by spring floods and located on the sunny side.

It is imperative to observe the order of crop rotation: garlic should be grown in the same place for no more than 2 years.

The ideal plant predecessors are squash, peas, potatoes, cucumbers.

The soil should be moderately fertile, well-drained. The general rule for planting is to observe the intervals: 8-10 cm between the teeth and 18-20 cm between the rows.

Access to air and light is a prerequisite for good crop growth. In addition, such distances are optimal for subsequent fertilization and weeding.

An indispensable rule of quality selection of garlic cloves for planting is the choice of the right variety. There are two types of bulbs - winter and spring. You can plant it in the spring - then you need spring garlic. Planting before winter, of course, involves winter varieties.

Bulbs should be selected large, without damage. Divide them into cloves should be immediately before planting. A feature of winter garlic is that it needs long-term stratification for successful growth, i.e. staying in cold conditions for several months.

That is why it is planted before winter.For high-quality vernalization of garlic at the beginning of development, low temperatures are also required, and this regulates the timing of sowing spring garlic.

It is planted in early spring, as soon as the snow has melted, so that the vernalization time (up to 40 days) passes at an air temperature of + 5–10 ° C.

Planting garlic before winter

Among Russian gardeners, the main representative of bulbous plants planted before winter is winter garlic.

Growing it is a responsible business: it is necessary to work in the fall, observing the conditions of planting, taking into account the time and place, tillage and application of the necessary fertilizers, and in addition, the choice of a suitable variety.

The garden for planting garlic should be started a month before planting. The earth must be well dug up, weeds and roots must be removed.

Then the soil must be carefully leveled and shed with peat-humic fertilizer for nutrition and disinfection. After 10 days, humus or well-aged manure infusion is applied at the rate of 10 liters of fertilizer per 2 sq. m.

The earth must be loosened, shed and grooved, then ash and sand must be added to them to avoid the formation of rot.

Terms and technology of planting winter garlic

A favorable time for planting in non-black earth regions of Russia is the third decade of September.

You cannot plant the garlic earlier - the cloves will have time to release the greens and freeze, and the roots will weaken. If planted later, the garlic will not have time to take root.

Garlic is planted, deepening it by 10 cm, in the prepared grooves, well spilled with water in advance.

Important! Growing garlic outdoors suggests some peculiarities.

When planting, it is impossible to press the cloves with force (summer residents often sin with this) - pushing off from the compacted soil, the sprouting roots will begin to push the bulb upward, which will lead to freezing.

The final stage of planting is leveling the soil, mulching with peat, sawdust and warming from above with spruce branches. In dry autumn, garlic should be watered once a week. A large harvest of garlic can be expected during a good winter with snowfalls.

Therefore, if the winter has little snow, and the planting areas for garlic are small, snow should be thrown on the beds. Subject to these simple rules, the future harvest of garlic will be reliably protected from adverse influences.

Spring garlic: cultivation and features

To activate the growth processes, the separated cloves are treated as follows: for 10-12 hours they are soaked in a solution of a growth stimulator with the addition of several grains of manganese for the prevention of diseases.

So, having chosen the variety of spring garlic you like, having processed it accordingly, they proceed to spring planting.

Note that the early planting of garlic is also explained by the temporary supply for the complete ripening of the bulbs, which is a guarantee of their high quality and excellent keeping quality.

There is an opinion that spring garlic is more useful than winter garlic and does not lose its medicinal properties and presentation during storage.

Growing garlic in the open field, especially from the early spring days, requires maintaining the same intervals as when planting before winter, and then carefully monitoring the germination and condition of the shoots.

Garlic is extremely sensitive to soil acidity, so fresh manure cannot be applied. Only humus should be used as top dressing. When planting garlic in spring, it is useful to add urea to the water for irrigation at the rate of 30 grams. 10 liters of water.

This amount of solution is enough for 2 square meters. m. In addition to nitrogen fertilizers, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are also needed. The first shoots appear in 12-18 days. During the formation of leaves, fertilizing with wood ash is necessary.

In addition, it is an effective pest repellent.

The agrotechnology of growing garlic is simple. The main condition for the good development of bulbs is timely feeding.But it is equally important to ensure planting with regular watering.

Lack of water has a detrimental effect on the development of the bulb, therefore, the main issue is to ensure optimal planting moisture. It is important not to overdo it - excess water is harmful. Watering in the amount of 10 liters per m² is considered the norm.

By the time the garlic ripens, watering is gradually reduced; in the last 2-3 weeks before harvesting, the need for water disappears. Regular weeding and loosening of row spacings are equally important.

Harvesting of garlic is carried out at the end of the plant's life cycle - between the yellowing of the leaves and their drying.

Growing garlic from bulbs

The number of cloves in the bulb is limited, therefore the most promising is the propagation of the culture with bulbs or air bulbs.

Their use increases the reproduction rate of garlic several times. In the northern and temperate latitudes of Russia and Siberia, air bulbs are planted in the spring, and it is very important to preserve them in the winter.

They are well stored in inflorescences at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Two months before planting, in early March, they are moved to a cooler place.

Growing garlic from bulbs predetermines several conditions: the bulbs must ripen and be well preserved.

They are planted in five lines with ribbons, deepening the bulbs by 3 cm, and then mulching the bed with humus. Care for the seedlings is the same as for spring garlic, that is, they are weeded, watered and fed with any organic matter in a timely manner.

In the fall, one-toothed beetles ripen, which are not removed, but left to winter, not forgetting to cover the crops and organize snow retention. In the spring they germinate and harvest in July-August.

Growing garlic from bulbs takes place in a two-year cycle, resulting in an excellent crop.

Rare culture - rockambol

The popular in Europe and Asia culture of rockambol, or hairstyle, is still rarely found in Russia.

But gardeners who have already become acquainted with this culture appreciated its excellent, pleasant taste.

By its biological characteristics, this plant is suitable for growing in all Russian regions.

Rocambol is a representative of the lily family, but outwardly resembles large garlic.

Rocambol, whose cultivation practically does not differ from the usual garlic, also loves fertile neutral soils, responsive to organic fertilizing and weeding. With proper care, the bulbs of this culture reach 250-300 grams.

Diseases and pests

Many pests parasitize plants, causing irreparable harm to garlic. The most common of these are the stem nematode and the garlic mite.

They are able to harm not only during the development of culture, but also during storage. In addition to phytophagous insects, there are also diseases of garlic, the most dangerous of which are peronosporosis, cervical rot, and fusarium.

The main measures to combat diseases and pests are preventive measures: compliance with crop rotation, timely destruction of affected plants and infected bulbs, preparation of planting material.

Careful use of fungicides is also possible. The industrial cultivation of garlic implies a more intensive use of such preparations.

Nevertheless, it is the modest summer cottages that give a healthier harvest, since any gardener is very picky about the use of chemicals, preferring to do with more gentle methods.

Growing garlic in the open field involves simple, but demanding operations, the implementation of which guarantees a good harvest of a wonderful crop.

Growing garlic outdoors or how to get a good harvest from every garden

Garlic is also mentioned in inscriptions left on the surface of the ancient Egyptian pyramids.He managed to find an earthen onion inside the tomb of Tutankhamun himself.

And the world famous Pythagoras called everyone's favorite garlic the king of spices. And it was not in vain that he received such a sonorous name. Although known to the whole world for about 3 thousand.

years, but continues to be popular among the population of countries such as Italy, Korea, India, China.

The gardeners of our country have been successfully cultivating garlic for many years.

Many, especially beginners, are interested in proper planting and care in the open field, so later we will talk about the key points in more detail.

Now you will find out when it is better to plant a crop, how to prepare the beds, how to self-plant.

Disembarkation dates

Nowadays, breeders have managed to breed many excellent varieties of garlic. Among them, you can choose three for growing on your own personal plot.

These are non-shooting winter crops, non-shooting winter crops and non-shooting spring varieties known to experienced gardeners. As for their characteristic features, winter crops ripen early, have large heads and teeth, and have good yields.

But they are not able to be stored for too long. Used for the preparation of various dishes and preservation.

Winter varieties include such as Yubileiny Gribovsky, Komsomolets, Boguslavsky, Gulliver, Petrovsky and others.

Spring varieties require special storage conditions and can be stored for a long time.

Popular types for planting in open ground are Yelenovsky, Ershovsky, Degtyarsky, Gafuriysky, Ukrainian white.

Shooting varieties of winter garlic, which tend to form a bulb with 2 - 6 large teeth, and non-shooting, which form a multi-pronged bulb, are recommended to be planted on the site 35 - 45 days before frost.

This time falls in the second half of September - early October. Before planting, large and medium bulbs are selected, divided into prongs, weighing no more than 6 grams. Bulbs that have 2 to 3 prongs are not used.

It is advised to renew the planting material every 3 to 4 years.

The recommended timing for planting spring garlic is early spring. You can plan planting for the first days of sowing, but no later than the first ten days of April.

Spring bulbs are often multi-toothed bulbs. It is better not to choose teeth that are medium in size for planting.

Garden bed preparation

It is important to properly prepare the land for cultivation. It is recommended to choose an area with fertile soil that has a neutral acidity level. Garlic will grow well in loamy soil.

It shouldn't be too dry. You can not plant the plant in the lowlands. Since there often accumulates rain and water remaining after the melting of snow. The site should be dug up in the fall.

It is required to do this to a sufficient depth. Do not forget to add about 30 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium salt and 1 bucket of humus per square meter of area.

With the arrival of spring, you only need to level the site using a rake for this purpose.

All cabbage pitchforks, as well as pumpkin, zucchini, beans, peas, green manure are considered excellent precursors for garlic. It is not recommended to plan the planting after carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions and garlic.

The neighborhood with garlic is useful for crops such as black currants, potatoes, raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, wild strawberries. Garlic will definitely be a reliable protection for them from pest attacks.

How to plant

It is permissible to plant garlic in the presence of a soil temperature of about 12 - 15 degrees Celsius. Then the culture will be able to form a strong root system. This will increase the degree of winter hardiness of the plant.

Before planting, the site must be leveled. The spacing in the row spacings is normally from 20 to 25 cm. The spacing between the teeth is no more than 12 cm. It is permissible to plant them in furrows, but without pressing them into the soil.Planting depth is somewhere around 8 - 9 cm.

To prevent the teeth from freezing, it is advised to use planting material measuring 6 - 7 cm. The bed must be mulched. For this, high-quality humus, peat or sawdust are used. The brushwood spread over the site will be able to retain snow in the beds.

Remember to remove the top layer when the spring thaw begins.

Outdoor care

To get a good harvest, it is necessary to regularly water the plantings, carry out weeding and loosening, and make certain top dressing.

You should also remove the arrows that appear, which take away strength and useful elements from garlic, directing them to the formation of planting material.

You also need to know how to help the culture in the event that it is attacked by diseases and pests. Next, we will tell you more about proper watering and fertilization.

Watering

Watering the crop is required as the soil dries up. If the weather is rather dry, it is necessary to water abundantly. Its frequency is usually 10 to 12 liters per square meter.

If it rains constantly, natural rainfall should be enough for the plants. Then it is easier for the gardener, because there is no need for watering at all. Watering must be stopped in August.

At this time, the bulbs already have time to gain sufficient weight and volume. That is, they are fully formed.

Fertilizers and feeding

Garlic gratefully responds to fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers. Top dressing is required in early spring. You will need high-quality potash and phosphate fertilizers. To get a good harvest, you need to fertilize three times.

For the first time, superphosphate is used in an amount of up to 100 grams, ammonium nitrate - about 60 grams and the same amount of potassium sulfate per square meter. The second feeding is carried out 1 month after the first. The same fertilizers are used and in the same amount as for the first.

When the heads are about the size of a walnut, you can fertilize the plants a third time. When feeding in the spring, remember that nitrogen-containing fertilizers are needed only at the beginning of the growth of garlic.

Later, it is permissible to use only preparations containing sufficient quantities of elements such as phosphorus and potassium. Their deficiency can provoke yellowing of the surface of the foliage of the culture. You can feed your favorite culture in the summer.

To do this, in June, a solution of 10 liters of water is added to the soil with the addition of 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, which is watered over the beds.

Diseases and pests of garlic

Of the characteristic diseases for the plant, sulfur, cervical and white varieties of rot are dangerous, as well as fusarium, helminthosporiosis, jaundice, smut, peronosporosis (aka downy mildew), mosaic, tracheomecosis, and rust. The pests of garlic are tobacco thrips, stem nematode, onion lurker, cabbage caterpillars, winter, garden and gamma scoops, onion and sprout flies, onion moth, long-legged, bear.

Prevention of the appearance of troubles is the observance of crop rotation and the rules of agricultural technology.

Planting the culture in the old place can be carried out after 4 - 5 years, the crop storage should be treated with a solution of 400 grams of bleach, dissolved in 10 liters of water, a few months before laying the garlic.

The pre-sowing treatment of the bulbs and tines also plays an important role. The teeth are advised to warm up at a temperature of about 40 - 42 degrees Celsius for 10 hours.

For the treatment of diseases, it is customary to use modern fungicidal agents. For example, having identified foci of rust damage to the culture, the gardener can purchase the drug "Hom" based on copper oxychloride.

With which the plant should be processed. In the early stages of defeat, such fungicides as "Kuproksat", "Gamair", "Champion" are effective.

The drugs "Tiram", "Polycarbocin", "Fentiuram", "Arcerida" are effective against peronosporosis.The modern drug Fitosporin successfully fights against all fungal diseases.

Its solution should be used to treat not only the soil, but also the seeds and storage of the crop.

"When and how to plant garlic outdoors"

In this video, you will learn about when and how to plant garlic outdoors in autumn.

Planting garlic in the open ground in spring - rules that should not be neglected

The upcoming planting of garlic in the open ground in spring is the most important event for every vegetable grower.

This bulbous plant is of great value in cooking, folk medicine, it is used in many dishes and for homemade preparations.

With the right approach, the harvest of this crop is able to bring the owner of the site a regular income.

Planting garlic in spring

On the farm, winter garlic is more often used for processing, selling on the market and preserving; it is distinguished by large cloves and better yields.

If the question arises about long-term storage, then varieties for spring sowing have an advantage. Winter bulbs are normally stored until early January, after which their quality deteriorates, and spring bulbs do not deteriorate until mid-spring.

If there is a spring planting of garlic in the open field, then it is better to purchase the following varieties:

• Gulliver;
• Abrek;
• Sochi 56;
• Aleisky;
• Yelenovsky;
• Victorio;
• Permyak.

The difference between spring and winter garlic:

1. Predominantly spring garlic does not form arrows.
2. Spring bulbs do not hibernate in the open field; they begin to plant it in the spring.
3. In a bulb of spring garlic, up to 30 cloves can be formed, winter garlic has no more than 10 cloves.
4. The cloves of this garlic become smaller towards the center of the head and are arranged in a spiral.
5. Bulbs in winter species grow larger when planted outdoors.
6. Planting garlic in the open ground in spring is carried out with the cloves of the harvest of last year, the propagation of winter garlic can be done with air bulbs.

Planting garlic in the open ground in spring - timing

This culture has little time for the growing season, therefore, in the open field, the timing of planting garlic in spring begins in the southern regions already at the end of March when the soil is heated to a temperature of 5-6 ° C.

For the Moscow region and more northern regions with a cool climate, the work time is shifted, depending on weather conditions, to the third decade of April or even to the first days of May. Try not to delay the planting time.

Delay in timing can lead to a drop in yields by 50% or more in dry years.

Preparing garlic for planting in spring

Bulbous plants in the open field suffer from many diseases, so you need to study well the problem of how to prepare garlic for planting in spring.

To begin with, we disassemble the heads into teeth, selecting the healthy and largest slices, which are often located closer to the edge.

Next, you should process the resulting material in a solution of a proven and available fungicide.

How to process garlic before planting:

1. Soak the cloves in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30-60 minutes.
2. Soaking in 1% copper sulfate solution (for 30 minutes).
3. Use the antibacterial drug "Maxim" or its analogues.
4. Use a strong saline solution in the ratio of 3 tablespoons of salt to a 5 liter bucket of water in the spring, just before planting in the open field. Duration of soaking is 3 minutes.
5. Soak the slices for half an hour in Fitosporin-M, diluted according to the instructions.
6. Use the infusion of wood ash (a tablespoon of this natural micronutrient per liter of water) on the eve of planting garlic in the open field in the open ground, processing time - 1 hour.

Garlic precursors when planting

When working outdoors in spring, it is imperative to observe crop rotation to reduce the risk of fungal spread and improve soil composition. Tips for planting garlic experienced gardeners recommend avoiding predecessors in the form of potatoes, tomatoes and onions.

A garden bed where alfalfa with clover, strawberries, green salad grew last season is perfect. A smart choice of neighbors for garlic, which contains natural phytoncides that help repel pests effectively.

It is advisable to place the beds with bulbs between the plantings of strawberries and carrots.

Ways of planting garlic in spring

The generally accepted rules for planting garlic in the spring always recommend setting a row spacing of about 20-30 cm. We make small holes, we maintain the distance between adjacent slices in rows up to 6-8 cm.

We lay out the slices with their bottom down without pressing into the ground.

To facilitate this process, experienced hobbyists use household hand planters or homemade markers in the spring on large areas in the open field.

Planting depth of garlic in spring

For early spring and winter plantings, different rules for growing this crop are used. The planting depth of spring garlic in spring is about 5-7 cm.

For comparison, we recall that when planting before winter, the teeth should be buried in the open ground up to 8-12 cm, depending on the composition of the soil at the site.

Too shallow planting is undesirable, fast-growing roots often push the teeth out, where they die in the heat. Deep deepening will slow down the germination of garlic.

Fertilizer for garlic when planting

It is advisable to use the most fertile soil for garlic, but it is forbidden to bring fresh organic matter into the holes in the open field.

Due to the very early period of work, it is better to prepare the site for winter, always adding nutrients for digging into the ground - humus (up to 5 kg / m2) and superphosphate (15 g / m2).

Fertilizers when planting garlic in spring are allowed to apply the following:

1. The first feeding - 15 days after germination, we add urea in the form of an aqueous solution (1 tbsp. L / 10 l of water).
2. The second feeding - after 12-15 days, it is recommended to use a nitroammophoska (2 tbsp. L / 10 l).
3. The last top dressing in the open field - in the last decade of June, you can apply superphosphate in the form of an aqueous infusion (2 tbsp. L / 10 l) with an application rate of up to 4 l / m2 of the garden.

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Correct planting of garlic outdoors in spring

Garlic is a very healthy and popular crop that every gardener grows. The process of obtaining a rich harvest and planting in spring in open ground is quite simple, and even a beginner can cope with it, the main thing is to follow all the rules.

Recommendations regarding planting will be especially important, because the quantity and quality of the spicy heads obtained will depend on it.

With the help of step-by-step instructions, planting and growing heads of garlic in the country will not be difficult in the Moscow region, and in Belarus and even in Transbaikalia.

Garlic can be planted in both autumn and spring. The specific term will depend from the selected variety.

Experienced gardeners know that such a crop can be represented by winter or spring varieties. These two species differ from each other not only in terms of planting, but also in many other characteristics. You can plant and transplant them at different times, the same applies to sowing seeds for seedlings.

To distinguish them from each other, you need to know the main external signs of each species:

• winter garlic is planted in the fall, it is larger, the lobules are covered with a hard shell. In the middle there is a thick and solid rod, around which the teeth are located;
• spring is placed in open ground in early spring... Such heads are smaller, their skin is soft and resembles parchment. The teeth are small, their arrangement is chaotic.

Differences between spring and winter garlic

Winter garlic is suitable for fresh consumption and conservation, such varieties are stored for only 3-4 months. Spring has a less intense taste, but you can use it until the next harvest.

The specific dates of planting will depend on the climatic conditions of the region:

1. When carrying out an autumn planting, it is worth remembering that by the time the first frosts appear at the beginning of winter, the teeth should have time to form a powerful root system, this process takes 3-4 weeks on average. Based on this, all work should be carried out a month before the onset of frost, that is late September-early October;
2. Spring planting is carried out immediately after the winter snow cover melts, and the garden soil warms up to +6 degrees. Depending on the specific region, this may be April or early May.

When making a choice at what time to plant garlic, you need to think about the fact that not only the process of work depends on this, but also characteristics of the resulting crophow it will emerge and whether it will be necessary to transplant in the summer.

The future harvest depends on the time of planting.

Winter garlic	Spring garlic
The taste of spring garlic is less intense, and the heads and cloves are small in size compared to winter varieties.	Winter garlic boasts large prongs that are easy to peel before cooking and have a bright, spicy flavor.
Spring garlic ripens for a long time, the yield of varieties of this type remains at a low level	Winter garlic ripens a month earlier than spring garlic, so you can use fresh tines already in summer, besides, the yield of this species is much higher
Spring garlic is able to maintain its freshness for up to 12 months	Winter garlic is only stored for 3-4 months
Spring planting guarantees a friendly emergence of seedlings and safe growth of plants	When carrying out an autumn planting, it should be borne in mind that there is always a risk of an earlier onset of frost or too much precipitation, which can destroy the planting.
When caring for spring garlic, you should take care of sufficient watering during the formation of the teeth.	Winter varieties are formed using soil moisture
Spring varieties of garlic are not afraid of common diseases and pests	Autumn varieties are the most defenseless against various ailments.

The choice of planting dates and the type of vegetable grown will depend on the growing purpose. Experienced gardeners recommend planting in the beds both winter and spring crops plants.

Gardeners recommend planting those other varieties in the beds.

Each planting date has its own individual characteristics regarding the work. But there are also general rules that should be followed regardless of the time factor:

1. Before planting a vegetable, you must definitely calibrate, that is, to remove too small and somewhat diseased heads;
2. The most common mistake many gardeners make is planting winter crops in the spring.In this case, you can get a harvest, but it will not be as tasty and large as with an autumn planting;
3. In order to get a guaranteed yield, you should purchase zoned varieties... It is also worthwhile to study in advance all the characteristics, technology, how to sow and needs;
4. Once every 3 years, you need to carry out rejuvenation of the variety, that is, instead of the teeth, bulbs will be used as planting material, from which one-toothed teeth ripen in the first season. The resulting crop is used for planting the next year. As a result of such work, the garlic is renewed;
5. In order to harvest a high-quality crop, the deadlines must not be missed. You can identify them by the arrow that should burst. Bulbs should also form;
6. For a richer harvest, garlic feathers should be picked in a timely manner.

Before planting, the seeds need to be calibrated

The most important rule to follow when planting garlic will be deadlines.

In the fall, you cannot plant the teeth too early so that they do not germinate ahead of time, in the spring you cannot delay planting, because then the heads may not have time to mature before the onset of cold weather.

In order for the cultivation to end with success, you need to correctly carry out the planting work. It is also very important to competently care for the plantings and perform the necessary work in a timely manner.

Preparing seedling cloves

In order to get friendly shoots, which will subsequently bring a good harvest, you need to work hard and properly process the planting material:

1. 1. Well-dried garlic heads are divided into cloves without damaging the dry scales;
   2. Then spend calibrationselecting large and healthy slices;
   3. Before spring planting, the cloves can be stimulated to a faster emergence of roots, for this planting material wrapped in a damp cloth and put in the refrigerator for several days;
   4. Before planting the teeth in the ground, they must be prepared.

There are three ways to carry out processing:

1. • The slices are soaked in warm water for 10-12 hours;
   • For these purposes, table salt is also well suited, which is diluted in water (3 tablespoons per 5 liters). This procedure is carried out for several minutes;
   • Another way would be chemicals that have a stimulating effect.
2. The last important procedure will be disinfection... To do this, the teeth are immersed in a solution of copper sulfate for 1-2 minutes (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Disinfection is carried out in a solution of copper sulfate

Potassium permanganate solution, Fitosporin-M and ash infusion are also well suited for antimicrobial treatment. In this case, the processing will take 30 minutes.

Garlic is quite capricious about the choice of soil and planting sites. When preparing a site, you should remember all the preferences of this culture:

• in the best way the vegetable takes root on loamy and chernozem soils with neutral acidity;
• the place should be sunny and open;
• it is not recommended to plant garlic where onions, potatoes and tomatoes grew before it. Desirable precursors include cabbage, legumes, courgettes and cucumbers.

For spring planting, soil preparation is carried out in the fall, and for autumn planting a month before work. This procedure includes deep digging, loosening, removing weeds and stones.

In order to balance the composition of the soil, clay and sandy soil is diluted with peat, and peaty loam.

Clay and sandy soils are diluted with peat

In order to get a rich harvest, the soil needs to be enrich... The following fertilizers are applied to one square meter of soil:

• 1 bucket of humus or rotted manure;
• 1 bucket of compost;
• 1 cup dolomite flour;
• 1 tablespoon superphosphate;
• 1 tablespoon of nitrophosphate.

The final part will be the disinfection of the plantings, during which the beds are watered with copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution. Experienced gardeners recommend covering the ridges with foil until the work is done.

Step-by-step instructions and at what depth to plant

The vegetable is planted in rows, the distance between which should be equal 20-25 centimeters... The distance between individual teeth will depend on their size, on average this figure is 10 centimeters.

The teeth deepen strictly vertical... In the spring, the embedment depth will be 5-6 centimeters. In the fall, this figure should be increased to 10 centimeters. This is necessary in order to protect the planting material from freezing.

Autumn, immediately after planting the beds, it is recommended to mulch with straw or dry grass. As soon as the snow melts, the shelter is removed.

Care

Caring for the garlic after planting will consist of timely loosening and cleaning the soil from weeds... Also, do not forget about watering. During the growing season, moisture should be applied abundantly.

Watering is reduced to a moderate amount when the formation of fruits begins, because with an excess of moisture, garlic can be susceptible to various diseases. In rainy weather, watering should be reduced. Moisture application is stopped 2 weeks before harvest.

In addition to watering, garlic needs regular feeding:

1. 1 time in 10 days the soil is watered with a solution of phosphorus and potash fertilizers;
2. At the beginning of the growing season and after the formation of the head, the plants are fertilized with infusion of mullein or chicken droppings. 1 kilogram of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water and infused for several days. After the end of fermentation, 1 liter of top dressing is diluted with 10 liters of water.

For additional protection against diseases and pests, preventive treatments with fungicides and insecticides are carried out in the spring.

To protect against diseases, spraying with fungicides is carried out in the spring.

It often happens that after the autumn planting of garlic, the gardener's plans change dramatically and the beds have to be transplanted to a new place. Many sources do not recommend carrying out such a procedure, because it can damage the root system of plants and destroy them.

But if work is necessary, then the planting is transferred together with a large earthy clod... In this case, losses will be minimal, but in any case, a smaller yield should be expected.

You can plant garlic in spring and autumn. The specific timeframe for the completion of the work will depend on the desired result. The key to successful work will be compliance with all the above rules.

Many gardeners prefer spring garlic over winter: it is stored better, although it is inferior in yield and head size. Planting spring garlic is a reliable way to enrich your family's diet with a valuable vitamin product. Experienced gardeners share the secrets of planting and growing spring garlic, which will help you avoid mistakes and get a rich harvest.

Choosing a landing site

Garlic feels good on fertile cultured light loamy or sandy loamy soils with a neutral reaction. Since autumn, they have chosen for him a garden bed protected from the north wind in a sunny place with a slight slope, which ensures water flow. Low-lying areas where snow lies for a long time and water accumulates should be avoided.

Digging the soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet, 3 glasses of wood ash, half a bucket of compost or humus and 10-15 grams of complex mineral fertilizer are applied per square meter of area.

When to plant spring garlic

Spring garlic does not like dry weather and dry soil, so they start planting it in early spring, immediately after the snow melts, as soon as the soil warms up to 5-7 ° С. For example, in the suburbs, this is the third decade of April. For the northern regions, this time is shifted by 2-3 weeks, and for the southern regions it comes 2-3 weeks earlier.

The soil has time to warm up at this time. You should not worry about the possibility of recurrent frosts: garlic is a frost-resistant crop. It is not recommended to delay planting spring garlic in open ground. The roots and leaves of the plant form and grow at a temperature of 4-10 ° C. When the air warms up to higher temperatures, the plant stops developing, the formation of the bulb stops.

Preparation of soil and planting material

The soil on the site for planting garlic should be warmed up (the optimal time is mid-April). The garden bed is dug up, loosened, all the weeds are dug out and watered with a solution of salt (3 tablespoons per bucket of water). The soil will be ready for planting in 2 days.

Best and worst predecessors

It is strictly forbidden to plant spring garlic after tomatoes, carrots, potatoes and onions. It is possible to grow it on the site after onions and garlic only after 3-4 years. The best precursors for garlic will be cucumbers, cabbage, squash, zucchini, legumes and grains, and herbs.

Garlic can be beneficial in the neighborhood of tulips, roses, gladioli, gooseberries, black currants, potatoes, cucumbers, as it repels weevils, slugs, borers and other pests. Garlic oppresses peas, beans and cabbage.

Processing cloves before planting

It is recommended to start preparing for planting garlic in the spring in the fall. The harvested planting material tolerates moderate cold well. For storage, it is placed in white bags and buried in the ground to a depth of about 50 centimeters. Having insulated with a layer of foliage and a film, you can not worry about the safety of garlic under such a "fur coat" in any frost.

Vegetative propagation is characteristic of garlic. Winter garlic can be grown from the bulbs. Spring varieties reproduce only by teeth, which are buds with a growth point and leaf buds. Before buying garlic for planting in specialized stores or via the Internet, experienced gardeners recommend studying zoned varieties that guarantee good ripeness and high yields in a particular region.

For growing spring garlic in the garden, choose whole, firm, large and medium cloves weighing from 3 to 6 grams or more. Immediately before planting, they are separated from the bulb, without removing the scales. Experienced vegetable growers do not recommend taking cloves from an onion, on which there are only 2-3, for planting. It is an unsuitable for propagation, degenerating garlic.

Self-grown seed garlic is sorted before planting: large teeth are used for the main planting and further storage, and small ones are planted between rows of carrots to scare away carrot flies or between bushes of early potatoes in order to reduce the population of the Colorado potato beetle. This garlic is suitable for summer use and preservation.

Wrapped in a towel moistened with water, the teeth are placed in the refrigerator for several days. 12 hours before planting, it is recommended to decontaminate them in a 1% solution of copper sulfate or potassium permanganate. For this purpose, ash liquor can also be used, for the preparation of which 400 grams of wood ash is poured with 2 liters of water, boiled for half an hour, then the planting material is soaked in the resulting broth for 2 hours.

To speed up germination, some vegetable growers practice heating the planting material for 8-10 hours in warm water (40-42 ° C). To accelerate the germination of cloves in the soil, you can first germinate them at home by wrapping the garlic cloves in a damp cloth and putting them in a plastic bag for 2-3 days.

How to plant spring garlic

For spring planting of garlic, seasoned vegetable growers recommend stocking up on local planting material. The new generation of garlic grows well and develops in the same environment as its predecessors.Garlic for planting brought from areas with different climatic conditions will not give a good harvest. It will grow poorly, it will be more often attacked by pests and diseases. It is possible that the culture may even die.

Before planting the garlic, the site is leveled, loosened and furrows 3-4 centimeters deep are formed at a distance of 25-30 centimeters from each other. The cloves are planted on the prepared bed in the grooves downside down. It is not recommended to press them in to avoid damage.

Large teeth are laid out in a furrow at a distance of 10-12 centimeters from each other, medium ones - about 8 centimeters. Having sprinkled the garlic on top with earth, the surface of the site is slightly rammed. The garden bed is watered and mulched with straw or sawdust. For this purpose, some gardeners use a layer of peat, rotted compost or humus with a thickness of 2-3 centimeters. It is not so often necessary to weed, loosen and water the garden bed.

Plant care

The soil on the site requires constant loosening and weed removal. This will allow the roots to receive moisture and nutrients faster. Weeds are dangerous for garlic, they draw nutrients from the soil and can become sources of various diseases and pests.

Watering

Watering the garlic properly is essential throughout the growing season. Abundant watering is required for the plant in the first phase of development, when the greenery is growing. Insufficient or rare moisture is indicated by yellowing or drying out tips of garlic feathers.

In the second half of the growing season, it is recommended to switch to moderate soil moisture, since excess moisture can lead to bulbs damping out or diseases. In rainy weather, garlic is not watered at this time. The next day after rain or watering, the soil in the garden is loosened.

Top dressing

To get a good harvest of garlic, it is necessary from the moment of germination to harvesting to maintain a sufficient supply of nutrients in the soil in a form accessible for assimilation. Garlic has a poorly developed root system and a low ability to absorb nutrients from the soil. The accumulation of nutrients so necessary for garlic in the soil is facilitated by the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers.

Immediately after germination, fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers can be carried out. When a feather of garlic reaches 6-10 centimeters, it can be fed with any of the fertilizers:

• 15 grams of ammonium nitrate per 10 liters of water;
• 1 tablespoon of urea in 10 liters of water;
• poultry droppings diluted 1:12;
• mullein diluted with water 1:10.

Fresh manure is contraindicated as fertilizer.

For feeding garlic in June-July, an infusion of green herbs is used. With the beginning of the formation of bulbs, garlic requires 2-4 phosphorus-potassium supplements over the summer with an infusion of wood ash (150 grams per 10 liters of water). When feeding a culture, it is important to observe the specified norms so that the cloves do not crack from an excess of nutrients.

Pest and disease control

Garlic fruits can damage many diseases and pests, despite their peculiar smell. Garlic has the ability to resist them on its own, however, attention should be paid to the plant and, when the first signs of the disease appear, immediately take measures to combat it.

From insects, garlic can infect moths, thrips, onion flies, stem nematodes, hoverflies, lurkers, four-legged garlic and root mites. Of the diseases, downy mildew, white rot, black mold, and fusarium are dangerous for garlic.

The most effective protection of garlic from diseases and pests is prevention and adherence to agricultural practices. It is very important to use healthy material for planting; after harvesting, inspect it, getting rid of damaged heads. Regular loosening of the soil and good feeding will increase the resistance of the garlic.Garlic growing too thick must be thinned out.

Control over the state of garlic begins with the emergence of shoots. To prevent pests, garlic is fed with ammonium sulfate (20 grams per square meter). Top dressing must be repeated in mid-June. It is recommended to remove plants affected by insects or disease by digging up, rather than pulling out, in order to inspect the roots.

The fungal disease of garlic is indicated by yellowing and drying of the leaves, yellow spots on the feathers, and the death of roots. Brown ulcers on the bulbs, discoloration of the scales, and the smell of rot speak of bacterial lesions. Garlic treatment with Gamair-TM (2 tablets per 1 liter of water) and Alirin-B (1 tablet per 1 liter of water) will help against fungal infections.

To combat ticks, thrips and other harmful insects, the site is treated with biological products Lepidocide (50 milliliters per 10 liters of water) or Bitoxibacillin (35 milliliters per 5 liters of water).

The most difficult thing to deal with is stem nematode, a small worm that feeds on the juice of garlic. The roots of the plant shrink from this, and the fruit cracks. This pest is capable of destroying the entire crop. To protect the garlic from the nematode, chicory or calendula is planted between its rows.

Harvesting and storage of crops

The beginning of mass drying of the lower leaves, lodging of the stem, yellowing of the ends of the upper leaves serve as a signal to harvest the garlic. At the same time, the root system also begins to dry out. The terms and conditions of harvesting depend on varietal characteristics, soil, weather conditions.

Approximately in the second half of August, when 2/3 of the foliage grows and turns yellow, they start harvesting spring garlic. Overexposing the garlic in the soil, you are drawing to get a poor quality product with decaying cloves, a bottom that has started to grow and cracked scales.

Watering is stopped a few weeks before harvesting. A dry day is chosen for cleaning. Garlic is dug in with a pitchfork, removed from the soil, shaken off and put to dry. For 5 days, you can dry the garlic right in the garden. If it starts to rain, the bulbs are moved under a shed or into a ventilated area.

The garlic is dried together with the leaves, then the roots of the bulbs are shortened to 3 millimeters, the leaves are cut off, and the stems are shortened to 10 centimeters. After that, the garlic is sorted by size and stored.

A dry, well-ventilated place is suitable for storing spring garlic. Garlic can be woven into braids or bunches, you can store the bulbs hanging in a mesh bag or nylon stocking. You can keep garlic in wooden boxes nailed from boards or in wicker baskets. Heads stored in plastic or glass containers are sprinkled with coarse salt, which absorbs moisture well.