Garlic planting and care in the open field in the Urals

Do you know which variety of garlic is one of the sweetest, thanks to its 10-12% sugar content? Yes, this is an amazing and wonderful spring garlic. It is, of course, less popular than the winter one, but it has an unforgettable spicy aroma of young greens, a not too sharp taste of cloves, and is perfectly stored (up to 2 years). You will learn about the differences between these two varieties, as well as about the intricacies of planting spring garlic in open ground in spring, about leaving after planting and harvesting from this article.

Spring and winter garlic: differences

Novice summer residents may accidentally confuse winter garlic with spring garlic. To avoid this, you need to know the main differences:

• Outwardly, spring garlic contains a greater number of small cloves (which are arranged as if in a spiral: the closer to the center, the smaller they are). Winter crops, on the other hand, consist of larger ones with a central core (hard arrow).
• Winter garlic is planted in the fall before winter, in the spring it is the spring garlic that is planted.
• Spring garlic propagates only by chives, winter garlic can also be propagated by bulbs (bulbs).
• The yield of winter garlic is much higher than that of spring garlic.
• Spring is better and longer stored (at home from 1 to 2 years). Winter varieties are generally suitable for early autumn canning (average shelf life is about 3-4 months).
• Winter garlic, as a rule, is shooting, spring varieties are non-shooting (with the exception of such a variety as "Gulliver"),
• The taste qualities of spring garlic are more attractive (it is corny sweeter). It is great for use in salads, soups.

Video: how to distinguish winter garlic from spring garlic

Planting winter garlic in spring

If for some reason you decide to plant winter garlic in the spring, then plant it! You should be fine. The following videos prove it.

Video: is it possible to plant winter garlic in spring

When and how to plant spring garlic outdoors in spring

In general, the agricultural technique of planting spring garlic in the spring is similar to the autumn planting of winter garlic, but has several important nuances and differences.

Landing dates

The optimal time for planting garlic in spring directly depends on the climatic characteristics of the region. The cloves should be planted when the soil temperature warms up to + 3-5 degrees, he is not afraid of light return frosts. As a rule, in the conditions of the Middle Strip (Moscow region), this occurs approximately in the second half of April - early May. In the South - already at the end of March and beginning of April. But in Siberia and the Urals, garlic is most often planted in the last spring month.

Preparing the garden and place

A garden bed for spring garlic should be prepared in advance, preferably in the fall. The vegetable loves to grow in fertile land. It is good if it is medium and light loamy soils.

As for the location of the garlic bed, you should choose sunny places where water does not stagnate. Therefore, it is optimal to plant cloves in high beds, in which case you will reduce the risk of fungal diseases due to excessive moisture to the very minimum.

When it comes to crop rotation, green manures (such as a chamber or oats), legumes (peas), pumpkin and zucchini, as well as strawberries (garden strawberries) and cucumbers are good precursors for garlic. You should not plant it in the beds where root crops (potatoes, radishes, beets, carrots, onions) and nightshade crops (eggplant, pepper, tomato) used to grow.

Preparation of planting material

The measures for the preparation of garlic cloves for planting in open ground include the following: selection and calibration of planting material, its stratification, soaking for its disinfection and growth stimulation.

Carefully review all your planting material in advance. Take all specimens showing signs of disease and place them separately. However, you should not immediately separate the cloves from the heads, it is recommended to do this only the day before planting during the procedure of disinfection and soaking in growth stimulants.

Important! If there are only a few cloves in the head, or they are fused (as if doubled), then most likely, by planting such cloves, you are unlikely to get a decent harvest, because these are typical signs of degeneration.

Further processing of spring garlic before spring planting includes all subsequent actions.

About a month before planting garlic in the spring in open ground, it should be placed in a refrigerator or basement (cellar) for stratification, where the air temperature fluctuates around + 1-3 degrees.

Advice! For planting, it is advisable to choose the outer teeth of the first row (they are the largest). The middle part, as a rule, is not used due to the fact that too small bulbs and cloves are obtained from it. Although you can successfully use them for planting on greens (or just leave them for food). Therefore, be sure to separate such cloves and plant them on a separate bed.

Somewhere a day before planting, spring garlic should be taken out, allowed to lie down for a while at room temperature. Divide the heads into teeth, examine them again for diseases.

If the quality of the cloves leaves much to be desired, then on the day of planting it is required to soak them in warm water with the addition of such fungicides as Fundazol, Maxim. If the quality is good, then it is better to just hold it in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (for 20-30 minutes). This procedure is done with the aim of disinfecting the seed so as not to bring the disease to your summer cottage.

You can disinfect garlic before planting in other ways. For example, in an ash solution. Fitosporin, which has long proven its effectiveness and indispensability, is also suitable.

After the disinfection procedure, you can additionally process the garlic heads in one of the growth stimulants. For example, in Epin or Zircon, as well as in the Green Bud (all according to the instructions).Another option for awakening the heads is to soak them in a saline solution (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water) for 1-2 minutes (this will help protect the plant from the wireworm). Such preparation of garlic before planting will significantly increase its germination and increase the rate of its development.

Video: preparing spring garlic for spring planting

Head landing

Highlights when planting garlic in spring (or some sort of step-by-step guide):

• Make ridges and good grooves (at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other), into which it is recommended to pour a little vermicompost. Optionally, you can also add Fertik's "Spring-Summer" long-lasting fertilizer. In addition, there will be no excess wood ash (potash fertilizer).
• Spill the wells liberally with plain water. Once the soil has absorbed moisture, you can start planting.
• The planting depth of spring garlic is slightly less than for winter garlic. It should be about 2-3 centimeters. Obviously, overly buried teeth will simply grow slowly.
• You need to plant spring garlic closer than winter garlic (8-10 cm). That is, the distance between the teeth should be about 4-6 centimeters. This is due to the fact that the bulbs of such (summer) garlic grow much smaller.
• It is advisable to mulch the bed with sawdust. This will greatly simplify maintenance, in other words, reduce the number of watering and weeding.

Video: planting spring garlic

Spring garlic care after planting

Spring garlic is grown in much the same way as winter garlic. It requires quite a bit of care, which should include loosening, weeding, watering and feeding.

Naturally, the bed should not overgrow, but always be clean, so it is worth carrying out regular weeding from weeds.

Abundant and frequent watering of spring garlic is required only at the beginning of its formation, so that it, so to speak, has good green foliage. In other words, in May-June, watering of garlic beds should be frequent. When the plant begins to form a bulb, this usually occurs during the formation of 5-6 leaves, watering should be reduced, and closer to August, and completely stop.

Spring garlic must be fed during its growing season. For this, organics are best suited. However, do not overdo it, otherwise overflowing with organic fertilizers can provoke yellowing of the foliage and other diseases. You can also use urea.

It is good to feed the garlic directly to the root in the middle of summer (in July) with Aquarin (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water), adding 1 liter of horse manure infusion to this solution. Such feeding will help to enlarge the bulb and provide nutrition for faster ripening. Not only that, you can use potassium-rich wood ash. It is enough for her to lightly powder the planting.

And 3 weeks before the expected date of harvesting, it is appropriate to water the garlic beds with top dressing from a solution of potassium monophosphate.

By the way! Read more about dressing garlic in this article.

Harvesting for storage

In most cases, harvesting spring garlic from the beds begins from the second half of August to the end of September. It is very simple to determine the time when it is worth getting a vegetable by the following signs of its ripening: the leaves begin to lie on the ground, the tips turn yellow, and the lower leaves dry out a little.

After harvesting, it is recommended to dry it a little and put it away for storage, for example, in boxes that can be placed at home somewhere near a window.

Video: harvesting spring garlic

Whatever one may say, but spring garlic quite easily saves any housewife: when there is not enough taste and vitamins, it is undoubtedly suitable for all dishes, except for compote. But it is possible to grow this capricious culture only with knowledge of the peculiarities of planting and caring for it in the spring. So take into account our tips and tricks, and your work on growing garlic will be crowned with success.

Video: briefly about growing spring garlic - from planting to harvest

Gardeners living and gardening in the Urals, especially in the northern regions, should be smart about choosing a garlic variety. The selected variety must fully comply with the climatic conditions of the region in 2018. It is also important to know exactly when garlic is planted in the Urals. More recently, there were no spring varieties of garlic, which are intended to be grown in harsh climatic conditions, and gardeners were forced to sow winter varieties. For the northern part of the Urals, the best variety is the one that throws out an arrow with an inflorescence, because this species is considered winter and it is more resistant to low air temperatures.

Planting garlic in the Urals

Suitable varieties of garlic for the Urals

The main territory of the Urals has a climate where very cold winters are replaced by sultry and short summers. Given this situation, it is necessary to correctly calculate the time when it is better to plant plantings in open ground and which variety of winter or spring garlic to choose.

Varieties for the north of the Urals

• Nazus
• Vyatsky
• Amethyst
• Azure

Varieties for the south of the Urals

• Victorio
• Gulliver
• Dobrynya
• Gribovsky jubilee
• Lyubasha

The southern part of the Urals has a fairly stable climatic regime; therefore, any varieties, including spring varieties, can be planted on this territory. It is recommended to consult a specialist before choosing a garlic variety for planting.

Landing dates

The time when you need to plant garlic in open ground depends entirely on the climate in one or another part of the Urals. For the northern part of the Urals, planting begins in the middle of the second decade of September, but if it starts getting colder earlier, it is worth planting garlic before the first noticeable frost. As for the southern part of the Urals, the timing and time completely depend on the weather, but as a rule, disembarkation is made closer to mid-October. When we plant garlic, it is very important to take into account the state of the temperature regime. Also, many gardeners rely on folk signs and thus determine the optimal timing.

Folk omens

• Planting of garlic is carried out from the moment the birds migrate to winter mode in warm regions.
• You can plant garlic when your fingers start to freeze on the street.
• If the soil has cooled to such an extent that it is cold to stand on it with bare feet, then this means that you can start sowing.

Lunar landing

If you look at the lunar calendar, you can see that the most suitable time for landing is in mid-August. The terms according to the lunar calendar may vary slightly, but we plant the planting material no later than the period from August to September. For the cultivation of garlic to be successful, you need not only to take into account the dates according to the lunar calendar, but also to comply with the necessary requirements for the care and cultivation of your plantings. Due to the fact that the climate is gradually changing, few people observe the landing dates according to the lunar calendar. To get a good harvest, it is worthwhile to correctly calculate the time for growing planting material. That is, to have time to make a landing before the onset of stable cold weather.

Landing in open ground is done about 30-35 days before the ground begins to freeze. This is done so that the planting material can sprout roots, but does not seek to hatch out of the ground.

You also need to take into account what kind of culture grew in the soil before planting the seeds. You need to be very careful that garlic should not be planted in one place for two years in a row. The bed rest is about 3-4 years. Unfavorable soil is the soil where onions and other root crops used to grow. There are also crops after which the cultivation of garlic is recommended - these are cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and pumpkin.If you plant garlic in a garden bed, where previously favorable crops grew and at the same time observe the terms according to the lunar calendar, you can get a plentiful and healthy harvest.

Preparing garlic for planting

Plant the garlic with cloves

Spring garlic is planted by dividing the head into separate cloves, but winter garlic can be used in two types of planting material, it can be both cloves and seeds that ripen on the arrow. When propagated by seeds, it will take two years for the head to fully mature, and when multiplied by cloves, a formed head grows the very next year.

But no matter what method of reproduction is chosen, it is necessary to correctly prepare the planting material. In order for the planting material to subsequently give a good and healthy harvest, disinfection should be carried out immediately before planting in the ground. First of all, you should deal with the bulkhead of the cloves, remove damaged seeds and dried ones, with decay and very small ones. Then you should soak the planting material in the appropriate order in the following solutions:

• In a salt solution - at the rate of 3 tablespoons per 5 liters of water. Leave the seeds in it for 2 minutes.
• In a solution of copper sulfate - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water. Soak the seed in the solution for 1 minute.

But these two procedures can be replaced by one, in the presence of furnace ash. To do this, pour 400 g of ash with two liters of water, then boil everything for 30 minutes and cool. In the prepared and cooled solution, you need to soak the seeds for 2 hours.

Soil preparation

Plays a huge role for a rich harvest, fertilized and fertile land. Soils with a high content of sand or drainage are most suitable for this. Too acidic and heavy soil can significantly reduce yields. To remove acidity, lime is added to the soil at the rate of 1 glass per 1 square meter. You can also increase soil drainage by adding river sand to it.

Before planting the planting material in open ground, you need to dig up a piece of land for planting to a depth of 20-25 cm in about 2-3 weeks. The soil should not be deeper.

In the process of digging, you need to fertilize the ground at the rate of 5-6 kg of humus per 1 square meter of the plot. In no case should the soil be fertilized with fresh manure, this threatens the death of planting material or a significant decrease in yield. After digging and fertilizing, the area is watered with a saline solution at the rate of 1 glass of salt per 1 bucket of water and covered with polyethylene before planting begins.

Landing rules

When to plant garlic for the winter in the Urals? When planting planting material for autumn and winter, the planting schedules corresponding to the region in which the work is taking place must be followed. When you decide on the timing of planting, both in the southern and northern Urals, you can start planting planting material. On pre-prepared soil, you need to make grooves about 10-15 cm deep and a row spacing of at least 15 cm. Planting garlic in the fall in the Urals should be carried out according to all requirements, otherwise the plants cannot be protected from early decay.

The teeth themselves in the groove are planted so that the distance is at least 10 cm between them. At the end of planting, the filled grooves should be compacted so that the teeth take root faster and an air cushion does not form. The first watering is done after the soil is completely dry. Then mulching is done. For the northern regions of the Urals, mulching will not be enough, so gardeners have to cover the garden for the winter with improvised means or agrofibre.

Garlic care

Planting and growing garlic in the fall in the Urals is not difficult and, subject to the basic rules, you can dig a good and bountiful harvest even from a small plot in a cold region.If for the winter the bed was covered with insulation, then, accordingly, all work begins only in spring. After the snow has melted, the soil should be loosened, but not deeply, so the young roots are saturated with oxygen.

Tricks of planting garlic before winter

Planting garlic before winter.

Planting winter garlic. When to plant winter garlic.

Growing garlic in the South Urals.

Super IDEA for planting GARLIC!

How to Plant Garlic Correctly! Planting Garlic in Spring.

When to plant winter garlic

In the spring, planting is watered as the soil dries. At the very beginning, you need to control so that the soil is constantly moistened. As it ripens, watering is reduced and already 3-4 weeks before harvesting, the plantings are not watered. Otherwise, excessive moisture can lead to premature rotting of the harvested crop. It is necessary to ensure that weeds do not grow on the beds. To save time on watering and weeding, the garden bed should be mulched. Mulching retains moisture and prevents weeds from germinating.

Fertilization procedure

If the fertilization of the soil for the winter was carried out in due order, then in the fall there is no need for additional fertilization. Only with the onset of spring will it be necessary to feed the kidney for three visits or more.

• After the snow melts, the soil should be watered with the prepared urea solution. The solution is prepared as follows: 1 tablespoon per 1 bucket of water at the rate of 2 liters per 1 square meter.
• 14 days after the first feeding, nitrophoska is applied in a proportion of 2 tablespoons to 1 bucket of water. Fertilizers are produced at the rate of 4 liters of the prepared mixture per 1 square meter.
• Around the middle of summer, a month before the start of harvesting, superphosphate should be applied to the soil. The solution is prepared in a proportion of 2 tablespoons per 1 bucket and is introduced into the ground at the rate of 4 liters per 1 square meter.

Those gardeners who prefer to fertilize the soil with natural products can use rotted manure. When all the rules of plant care are followed, good yield and quality are guaranteed.

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Planting garlic outdoors

Garlic is a hot spice that is actively used in cooking and traditional medicine.

Growing and caring for garlic in the open field on their own gives gardeners the opportunity to get the maximum benefit from it without harm to health, which the purchased one can bring.

Meanwhile, it is quite easy to grow a culture at home if you know and follow the basic rules of planting and caring for a plant.

Before starting the growing procedure, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the basic rules and recommendations:

1. Garlic beds are best chosen in places well-lit by the sun.
2. Avoid planting a crop in a low-lying area. In such conditions, the accumulation of liquid is possible, which will have a detrimental effect on the condition of the plants.
3. It is important to add natural or synthetic fertilizer to the soil before planting.
4. It is recommended to mulch over the winter bed and cover it with brushwood to delay the snow masses.
5. The sowing depth directly depends on the size of the seed. The largest varieties should be deepened by eight to nine centimeters, the smallest ones by six to seven.
6. Only large seeds should be chosen for planting. Separate them from each other carefully. You do not need to peel the cloves.
7. Do not sow into freshly dug soil, otherwise the tines will be deeper than necessary. Prepare the soil no earlier than a week.
8. The sowing site should be changed regularly (at least once every two years). You can use the same ridge only with an interval of four years.

The correct approach to growing crops will allow you to grow a high-quality and rich harvest, and also significantly reduce the likelihood of disease and plant death during the nursing period.

When to plant garlic outdoors?

There are two options for planting garlic in open ground: autumn (for winter) and spring (for spring).

It is recommended to plant a crop in autumn from the second half of September to mid-October. You can also calculate the timing of the expected frost period, depending on the region. The most suitable time for sowing is 35-45 days before the start.

Spring garlic should be planted when the soil temperature warms up to 5-10 degrees Celsius. As a rule, this time falls on the end of March or the beginning of April.

All sowing dates in spring are relative. In this case, a lot depends on the region. So, in the warmest it is best to plant the crop earlier, in the colder ones - later. The final landing date is the end of April.

The best precursor to garlic is considered to be potatoes. You can also sow a crop in those places where zucchini, cucumbers and peas grew.

The worst predecessor is onion of all varieties and varieties. If you grow garlic the next year after the onion is harvested, you can expect a small and poor quality harvest.

The same goes for tomatoes and carrots.

The culture can also coexist with raspberry bushes, roses, strawberries, currants. In this case, the plant will help repel pests.

Soil preparation

The soil for sowing in open ground must be sufficiently fertile and drained, moisture-consuming. Loam is perfect. It is important that the soil is not dry. The ridge should be prepared for spring sowing in the fall.

To do this, you need to dig up the soil and apply fertilizer to it. Each square meter will require twenty grams of potassium salt and superphosphate, as well as a bucket of humus. This procedure can be performed in the spring, no later than two weeks before sowing.

The distance between the finished rows should be d2 decimeters, between other ridges - at least 1.

It is best to plant the teeth in the grooves, but at the same time they should not be pressed into the ground.

Too dense soil mixture will contribute to the freezing of the plant from the roots.

Important: You can neutralize the increased acidity of the soil with the help of dolomite flour, chalk or hydrated lime.

Preparation of planting material

First of all, all potential seed must be sorted out and sorted. Choose for growing only whole, healthy, large seeds. They should be further subjected to pre-planting processing.

Important: the presence of at least one tooth damaged by the disease in the head automatically rejects the entire bulb.

The selected seed must be treated with the antifungal agent Fitosporin. To do this, it is enough to soak the cloves in the drug solution for five minutes. In the absence of this remedy, you can use a pink solution of potassium permanganate or 1% iodine solution.

Before direct planting, it is useful to carry out a second processing of the material. To do this, pour half a kilogram of wood ash with a liter of water and boil the composition for half an hour. Each clove will need to be dipped in the cooled solution, and then dried thoroughly.

Sowing is also possible with the so-called bulbs - the organs of vegetative propagation of garlic.

These are small bulbs that form in the seed case on the arrow of the plant itself during ripening.

The system of material selection, planting and growing practically does not differ from the system of using cloves.

Landing in open ground

Having prepared the soil and planting material, you can proceed to planting directly.

The procedure will take several steps:

1. Loosen the prepared soil with a spatula, hoe or other most convenient tool.
2. Make grooves with a depth corresponding to the dimensions of the prepared teeth from five to 10 cm.The distance between them should be twenty to thirty centimeters.
3. Place the garlic sprouts down into the grooves, about five centimeters apart. The teeth should be deepened by about half.
4. Fill the grooves with soil, trying not to unnecessarily tamp the ridge. Otherwise, the garlic may not sprout.
5. Smooth the surface of the ridges with a rake, avoiding deep penetration of the tool into the soil.

The soil for sowing in open ground should be moist, but not wet. Therefore, it is recommended to shed it in advance.

Outdoor garlic care

Basic crop care includes four aspects: timely watering, weeding, fertilizing and loosening the soil.

Watering

It is recommended to bring water into open ground regularly, but infrequently (once every one to two weeks).

It is enough to use 10 liters of water per square meter. During the rainy season, the number of waterings should be reduced to a minimum.

At the same time, it is important to periodically loosen the soil so that it absorbs moisture better.

As the ridges mature, they are watered with less and less moisture. Watering is completely stopped 2 weeks before harvesting.

1 time in 10 days, it is necessary to add potash and phosphorus additional fertilizing to the soil. It is important to strictly follow the instructions for use indicated on the package.

In addition, at the very beginning of the growing season and after the seed box is formed, it is recommended to fertilize the soil with natural fertilizers, which you will need to make yourself.

A kilogram of mullein or chicken droppings requires about 10 liters of water. It is important to keep such a solution for 3-5 days for fermentation. After that, each liter should be diluted with a bucket of water and irrigated.

With high-quality processing of planting material, the risk of disease and fungus is reduced.

Additionally, it is useful to disinfect the soil by spilling it with a weak solution of potassium permanganate immediately before planting. It is also recommended to carry out treatment with insecticides and fungicides in the spring.

It is important to weed as needed. Removing weeds once a week is usually sufficient.

Important: as soon as the formed seed pod bursts, it must be removed from the plant by breaking or cutting the arrow.

Harvest

Harvesting garlic should be carried out at a time when the greens turn yellow by about 2/3. As a rule, it takes about 100 days for a crop to mature, and the end of the period falls in mid-September. The ripeness of the crop is indicated by a loose connection of teeth in the head and dry husk.

In order to carry out cleaning, it is necessary to dig up the onion and pull it out by the tops. In this state, the plants should be laid out to dry.

After that, it is important to remove the soil, and move the heads for storage in a cool place. You can trim the roots and tops as early as a week after harvesting.

Conclusion

Growing garlic in the country or in a garden plot in the open field is a useful and interesting activity.

If you use all the rules of sowing and care, you can get a tasty and healthy crop that can be stored for a long time.

Such garlic can be used both in cooking and traditional medicine without fear for the health and quality of the finished product.

Growing garlic outdoors. Garlic: planting, leaving

Garlic is one of the oldest vegetable crops, home to the foothill Central Asian regions. It is a seasoning, a burning spice, and a great medicine. Therefore, no vegetable garden is complete without planting this representative of the Bulbous family.

Growing garlic outdoors is usually not a big problem for gardeners. It is believed that this is not difficult. Still, it's not easy to grow a good harvest.

Compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, technology and planting care is necessary for the successful growth of this wonderful vegetable crop.

Garlic: the history of the plant

It is impossible to establish exactly from what time garlic has been present in people's lives. Already in ancient times, it was grown in India and used as a medicine.

Historians claim that they began to use it for food about 5 thousand years ago: the found manuscripts speak of the cultivation of garlic in Ancient Rome and Greece, Assyria and the Kingdom of Judah, Egypt and Arab countries.

He was found in the tombs of the pharaohs. The Bible and the Koran mention it, which testifies to the high recognition of this magnificent bulb as a spice and medicinal plant for ancient civilizations.

And today it is difficult to do without this culture, so we will deal with the intricacies of growing such a wonderful plant as garlic.

The site for planting is of decisive importance. It should be flat, not flooded by spring floods and located on the sunny side.

It is imperative to observe the order of crop rotation: garlic should be grown in the same place for no more than 2 years.

The ideal plant predecessors are squash, peas, potatoes, cucumbers.

The soil should be moderately fertile, well-drained. The general rule for planting is to observe the intervals: 8-10 cm between the teeth and 18-20 cm between the rows.

Access to air and light is a prerequisite for good crop growth. In addition, such distances are optimal for subsequent fertilization and weeding.

An indispensable rule of quality selection of garlic cloves for planting is the choice of the right variety. There are two types of bulbs - winter and spring. You can plant it in the spring - then you need spring garlic. Planting before winter, of course, involves winter varieties.

Bulbs should be selected large, without damage. Divide them into cloves should be immediately before planting. A feature of winter garlic is that it needs long-term stratification for successful growth, that is, staying in cold conditions for several months.

That is why it is planted before winter. For high-quality vernalization of garlic at the beginning of development, low temperatures are also required, and this regulates the timing of sowing spring garlic.

It is planted in early spring, as soon as the snow has melted, so that the vernalization time (up to 40 days) passes at an air temperature of + 5–10 ° C.

Planting garlic before winter

Among Russian gardeners, the main representative of bulbous plants planted before winter is winter garlic.

Growing it is a responsible business: it is necessary to work in the fall, observing the conditions of planting, taking into account the time and place, tillage and application of the necessary fertilizers, and in addition, the choice of a suitable variety.

The garden for planting garlic should be started a month before planting. The earth must be well dug up, weeds and roots must be removed.

Then the soil must be carefully leveled and shed with peat-humic fertilizer for nutrition and disinfection. After 10 days, humus or well-aged manure infusion is applied at the rate of 10 liters of fertilizer per 2 sq. m.

The earth must be loosened, shed and grooved, then ash and sand must be added to them to avoid the formation of rot.

Terms and technology of planting winter garlic

A favorable time for planting in non-black earth regions of Russia is the third decade of September.

You can't plant the garlic earlier - the cloves will have time to release the greens and freeze, and the roots will weaken. If planted later, the garlic will not have time to take root.

Garlic is planted, deepening it by 10 cm, in the prepared grooves, well spilled with water in advance.

Important! Growing garlic outdoors suggests some peculiarities.

When planting, it is impossible to press in the cloves with force (summer residents often sin with this) - pushing off from the compacted soil, the sprouting roots will begin to push the bulb upward, which will lead to freezing.

The final stage of planting is leveling the soil, mulching with peat, sawdust and warming from above with spruce branches. In dry autumn, garlic should be watered once a week. A large harvest of garlic can be expected during a good winter with snowfalls.

Therefore, if the winter is with little snow, and the planting areas for garlic are small, snow should be thrown onto the beds. Subject to these simple rules, the future harvest of garlic will be reliably protected from adverse influences.

Spring garlic: cultivation and features

To activate the growth processes, the separated cloves are treated as follows: for 10-12 hours they are soaked in a solution of a growth stimulator with the addition of several grains of manganese for the prevention of diseases.

So, having chosen the variety of spring garlic you like, having processed it accordingly, they proceed to spring planting.

Note that the early planting of garlic is also explained by the temporary supply for the complete ripening of the bulbs, which is a guarantee of their high quality and excellent keeping quality.

There is an opinion that spring garlic is more useful than winter garlic and does not lose its medicinal properties and presentation during storage.

Growing garlic outdoors, especially from the early spring days, requires maintaining the same intervals as when planting before winter, and then carefully monitoring the germination and condition of the shoots.

Garlic is extremely sensitive to soil acidity, so fresh manure cannot be applied. Only humus should be used as top dressing. When planting garlic in spring, it is useful to add urea at the rate of 30 grams to irrigation water. for 10 liters of water.

This amount of solution is enough for 2 square meters. m. In addition to nitrogen fertilizers, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are also needed. The first shoots appear in 12-18 days. During the formation of leaves, fertilizing with wood ash is necessary.

In addition, it is an effective pest repellent.

The agrotechnology of growing garlic is simple. The main condition for the good development of bulbs is timely feeding. But it is equally important to ensure planting with regular watering.

Lack of water has a detrimental effect on the development of the bulb, therefore, the main issue is to ensure optimal planting moisture. It is important not to overdo it - excess water is harmful. Watering in the amount of 10 liters per m² is considered the norm.

By the time the garlic ripens, watering is gradually reduced, in the last 2-3 weeks before harvesting, the need for water disappears. Regular weeding and loosening of row spacings are equally important.

Garlic is harvested at the end of the plant's life cycle - between the yellowing of the leaves and their drying.

Growing garlic from bulbs

The number of cloves in the bulb is limited, therefore the most promising is the propagation of the culture with bulbs or air bulbs.

Their use increases the possibility of garlic multiplication several times. In the northern and temperate latitudes of Russia and Siberia, air bulbs are planted in the spring, and it is very important to preserve them in the winter.

They are well stored in inflorescences at a temperature of 15-20 ° C. Two months before planting, in early March, they are moved to a cooler place.

Growing garlic from bulbs predetermines several conditions: the bulbs must ripen and be well preserved.

They are planted in five lines with ribbons, deepening the bulbs by 3 cm, and then mulching the bed with humus. Care for the seedlings is the same as for spring garlic, that is, they are weeded, watered and fed with any organic matter in a timely manner.

In the fall, one-toothed beetles ripen, which are not removed, but left to winter, not forgetting to cover the crops and organize snow retention. In the spring they germinate and harvest in July-August.

Growing garlic from bulbs takes place in a two-year cycle, resulting in an excellent crop.

Rare culture - rockambol

The popular in Europe and Asia culture of rockambol, or hairstyle, is still rarely found in Russia.

But gardeners who have already become acquainted with this culture appreciated its excellent, pleasant taste.

By its biological characteristics, this plant is suitable for growing in all Russian regions.

Rocambol is a representative of the lily family, but outwardly resembles large garlic.

Rocambol, whose cultivation practically does not differ from the usual garlic, also loves fertile neutral soils, responsive to organic fertilizing and weeding. With proper care, the bulbs of this culture reach 250-300 grams.

Diseases and pests

Many pests parasitize plants, causing irreparable harm to garlic. The most common of these are the stem nematode and the garlic mite.

They are able to harm not only during the development of culture, but also during storage. In addition to phytophagous insects, there are also diseases of garlic, the most dangerous of which are peronosporosis, cervical rot, and fusarium.

The main measures to combat diseases and pests are preventive measures: compliance with crop rotation, timely destruction of affected plants and infected bulbs, preparation of planting material.

Careful use of fungicides is also possible. The industrial cultivation of garlic implies a more intensive use of such preparations.

Nevertheless, it is the modest summer cottages that give a healthier harvest, since any gardener is very picky about the use of chemicals, preferring to do with more gentle methods.

Growing garlic in the open field involves simple, but demanding operations, the implementation of which guarantees a good harvest of a wonderful crop.

Growing garlic outdoors or how to get a good harvest from every garden

Garlic is also mentioned in inscriptions left on the surface of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. He managed to find a clay bulb inside the tomb of Tutankhamun himself.

And the world famous Pythagoras called everyone's favorite garlic the king of spices. And it was not in vain that he received such a sonorous name. Although known to the whole world for about 3 thousand.

years, but continues to be popular among the population of countries such as Italy, Korea, India, China.

The gardeners of our country have been successfully cultivating garlic for many years.

Many, especially beginners, are interested in proper planting and care in the open field, so later we will talk about the key points in more detail.

Now you will find out when it is better to plant a crop, how to prepare the beds, how to self-plant.

Disembarkation dates

Nowadays, breeders have managed to breed many excellent varieties of garlic. Among them, you can choose three for growing on your own personal plot.

These are non-shooting winter crops, non-shooting winter crops and non-shooting spring varieties known to experienced gardeners. As for their characteristic features, winter crops ripen early, have large heads and teeth, and have good yields.

But they are not able to be stored for too long. Used for the preparation of various dishes and preservation.

Winter varieties include such as Yubileiny Gribovsky, Komsomolets, Boguslavsky, Gulliver, Petrovsky and others.

Spring varieties require special storage conditions and can be stored for a long time.

Popular types for planting in open ground are Yelenovsky, Ershovsky, Degtyarsky, Gafuriysky, Ukrainian white.

Shooting varieties of winter garlic, which tend to form a bulb with 2 - 6 large teeth, and non-shooting, which form a multi-pronged bulb, are recommended to be planted on the site 35 - 45 days before frost.

This time falls on the second half of September - early October.Before planting, large and medium bulbs are selected, divided into prongs, weighing no more than 6 grams. Bulbs that have 2 to 3 prongs are not used.

It is advised to renew the planting material every 3 to 4 years.

The recommended timing for planting spring garlic is early spring. You can plan planting for the first days of sowing, but no later than the first ten days of April.

Spring bulbs are often multi-toothed bulbs. It is better not to choose teeth that are medium in size for planting.

Garden bed preparation

It is important to properly prepare the land for cultivation. It is recommended to choose an area with fertile soil that has a neutral acidity level. Garlic will grow well in loamy soil.

It shouldn't be too dry. You can not plant the plant in the lowlands. Since there often accumulates rain and water remaining after the melting of snow. The site should be dug up in the fall.

It is required to do this to a sufficient depth. Do not forget to add about 30 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium salt and 1 bucket of humus per square meter of area.

With the arrival of spring, you only need to level the site using a rake for this purpose.

All cabbage pitchforks, as well as pumpkin, zucchini, beans, peas, green manure are considered excellent precursors for garlic. It is not recommended to plan the planting after carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions and garlic.

The neighborhood with garlic is useful for crops such as black currants, potatoes, raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, wild strawberries. Garlic will definitely be a reliable protection for them from pest attacks.

How to plant

It is permissible to plant garlic in the presence of a soil temperature of about 12 - 15 degrees Celsius. Then the culture will be able to form a strong root system. This will increase the degree of winter hardiness of the plant.

Before planting, the site must be leveled. The distance in the row spacings is normally from 20 to 25 cm. The spacing between the teeth is no more than 12 cm. It is permissible to plant them in furrows, but without pressing them into the soil. Planting depth is somewhere around 8 - 9 cm.

To prevent the teeth from freezing, it is advised to use planting material measuring 6 - 7 cm. The bed must be mulched. For this, high-quality humus, peat or sawdust are used. The brushwood spread over the site will be able to retain snow in the beds.

Remember to remove the top layer when the spring thaw begins.

Outdoor care

To get a good harvest, it is necessary to regularly water the plantings, carry out weeding and loosening, and make certain top dressing.

You should also remove the arrows that appear, which take away strength and useful elements from garlic, directing them to the formation of planting material.

You also need to know how to help the culture in the event that it is attacked by diseases and pests. Next, we will tell you more about proper watering and fertilization.

Watering

Watering the crop is required as the soil dries up. If the weather is rather dry, it is necessary to water abundantly. Its frequency is usually 10 to 12 liters per square meter.

If it rains constantly, the plants should have enough natural precipitation. Then it is easier for the gardener, because there is no need for watering at all. Watering must be stopped in August.

At this time, the bulbs already have time to gain sufficient weight and volume. That is, they are fully formed.

Fertilizers and feeding

Garlic gratefully responds to fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers. Top dressing is required in early spring. You will need high-quality potash and phosphate fertilizers. To get a good harvest, you need to fertilize three times.

For the first time, superphosphate is used in an amount of up to 100 grams, ammonium nitrate - about 60 grams and the same amount of potassium sulfate per square meter. The second feeding is carried out 1 month after the first.The same fertilizers are used and in the same amount as for the first.

When the heads are about the size of a walnut, you can fertilize the plants a third time. When feeding in the spring, remember that nitrogen-containing fertilizers are needed only at the beginning of the growth of garlic.

Later, it is permissible to use only preparations containing sufficient quantities of elements such as phosphorus and potassium. Their deficiency can provoke yellowing of the surface of the foliage of the culture. You can feed your favorite culture in the summer.

To do this, in June, a solution of 10 liters of water is added to the soil with the addition of 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, with which the beds are watered.

Diseases and pests of garlic

Of the characteristic diseases for the plant, sulfur, cervical and white varieties of rot are dangerous, as well as fusarium, helminthosporiosis, jaundice, smut, peronosporosis (aka downy mildew), mosaic, tracheomecosis, and rust. The pests of garlic are tobacco thrips, stem nematode, onion lurker, cabbage caterpillars, winter, garden and gamma scoops, onion and sprout flies, onion moth, long-legged, bear.

Prevention of the appearance of troubles is the observance of crop rotation and the rules of agricultural technology.

Planting the culture in the old place can be carried out after 4 - 5 years, the crop storage should be treated with a solution of 400 grams of bleach, dissolved in 10 liters of water, a few months before laying the garlic.

The pre-sowing treatment of the bulbs and tines also plays an important role. The teeth are advised to warm up at a temperature of about 40 - 42 degrees Celsius for 10 hours.

For the treatment of diseases, it is customary to use modern fungicidal agents. For example, having identified foci of rust damage to the culture, the gardener can purchase the drug "Hom" based on copper oxychloride.

With which the plant should be processed. In the early stages of defeat, such fungicides as "Kuproksat", "Gamair", "Champion" are effective.

The drugs "Tiram", "Polycarbocin", "Fentiuram", "Arcerida" are effective against peronosporosis. The modern drug Fitosporin successfully fights against all fungal diseases.

With its solution, not only the soil should be treated, but also the seeds and storage of the crop.

"When and how to plant garlic outdoors"

In this video, you will learn about when and how to plant garlic outdoors in autumn.

Planting garlic in the open ground in spring - rules that should not be neglected

The upcoming planting of garlic in the open ground in spring is the most important event for every vegetable grower.

This bulbous plant is of great value in cooking, folk medicine, it is used in many dishes and for homemade preparations.

With the right approach, the harvest of this crop is able to bring the owner of the site a regular income.

Planting garlic in spring

On the farm, winter garlic is more often used for processing, selling on the market and preserving; it is distinguished by large cloves and better yields.

If the question arises about long-term storage, then varieties for spring sowing have an advantage. Winter bulbs are normally stored until early January, after which their quality deteriorates, and spring bulbs do not deteriorate until mid-spring.

If there is a spring planting of garlic in the open field, then it is better to purchase the following varieties:

• Gulliver;
• Abrek;
• Sochi 56;
• Aleisky;
• Yelenovsky;
• Victorio;
• Permyak.

The difference between spring and winter garlic:

1. Predominantly spring garlic does not form arrows.
2. Spring bulbs do not hibernate in the open field; they begin to plant it in the spring.
3. In a bulb of spring garlic, up to 30 cloves can be formed, winter garlic has no more than 10 cloves.
4. The cloves of this garlic become smaller towards the center of the head and are arranged in a spiral.
5. Bulbs in winter species grow larger when planted outdoors.
6. Planting garlic in the open ground in spring is carried out with the cloves of the harvest of last year, the propagation of winter garlic can be done with air bulbs.

Planting garlic in the open ground in spring - timing

This culture has little time for the growing season, therefore, in the open field, the timing of planting garlic in spring begins in the southern regions already at the end of March when the soil is heated to a temperature of 5-6 ° C.

For the Moscow region and more northern regions with a cool climate, the work time is shifted, depending on weather conditions, to the third decade of April or even to the first days of May. Try not to delay the planting time.

Delay in timing can lead to a drop in yields by 50% or more in dry years.

Preparing garlic for planting in spring

Bulbous plants in the open field suffer from many diseases, so you need to study well the problem of how to prepare garlic for planting in spring.

To begin with, we disassemble the heads into teeth, selecting the healthy and largest slices, which are often located closer to the edge.

Next, you should process the resulting material in a solution of a proven and available fungicide.

How to process garlic before planting:

1. Soak the cloves in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30-60 minutes.
2. Soaking in 1% copper sulfate solution (for 30 minutes).
3. Use the antibacterial drug "Maxim" or its analogues.
4. Use a strong saline solution in the proportion of 3 tablespoons of salt in a 5 liter bucket of water in the spring, just before planting in the open field. Duration of soaking is 3 minutes.
5. Soak the slices for half an hour in Fitosporin-M, diluted according to the instructions.
6. Use the infusion of wood ash (a tablespoon of this natural micronutrient per liter of water) on the eve of planting garlic in the open field in the open ground, processing time - 1 hour.

Garlic precursors when planting

When working outdoors in spring, it is imperative to observe crop rotation in order to reduce the risk of fungal spread and improve the composition of the soil. Tips for planting garlic experienced gardeners recommend avoiding the predecessors in the form of potatoes, tomatoes and onions.

A garden bed where alfalfa with clover, strawberries, green salad grew last season is perfect. A smart choice of neighbors for garlic, which contains natural phytoncides that help repel pests effectively.

It is advisable to place the beds with bulbs between the plantings of strawberries and carrots.

Ways of planting garlic in spring

The generally accepted rules for planting garlic in the spring always recommend setting a row spacing of about 20-30 cm. We make small holes, we maintain the distance between adjacent slices in rows up to 6-8 cm.

We lay out the slices with the bottom down without pressing into the ground.

To facilitate this process, experienced hobbyists use household hand planters or homemade markers in spring on large areas in the open field.

Planting depth of garlic in spring

For early spring and winter plantings, different rules for growing this crop are used. The planting depth of spring garlic in spring is about 5-7 cm.

For comparison, we recall that when planting before winter, the teeth should be buried in the open ground up to 8-12 cm, depending on the composition of the soil at the site.

Too shallow planting is undesirable, fast-growing roots often push the teeth out, where they die in the heat. Deep deepening will slow down the germination of garlic.

Fertilizer for garlic when planting

It is advisable to use the most fertile soil for garlic, but in the open field it is forbidden to bring fresh organic matter into the holes.

Due to the very early period of work, it is better to prepare the site for winter, always adding nutrients for digging into the ground - humus (up to 5 kg / m2) and superphosphate (15 g / m2).

Fertilizers when planting garlic in spring are allowed to use the following:

1. The first feeding - 15 days after germination, we add urea in the form of an aqueous solution (1 tbsp. L / 10 l of water).
2. The second feeding - after 12-15 days, it is recommended to use a nitroammophoska (2 tbsp. L / 10 l).
3. The last top dressing in the open field - in the last decade of June, you can apply superphosphate in the form of an aqueous infusion (2 tbsp. L / 10 l) with an application rate of up to 4 l / m2 of the garden.

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Correct planting of garlic outdoors in spring

Garlic is a very healthy and popular crop that every gardener grows. The process of obtaining a rich harvest and planting in spring in open ground is quite simple, and even a beginner can cope with it, the main thing is to follow all the rules.

Recommendations regarding planting will be especially important, because the quantity and quality of the spicy heads obtained will depend on it.

With the help of step-by-step instructions, planting and growing heads of garlic in the country will not be difficult in the Moscow region, and in Belarus and even in Transbaikalia.

Garlic can be planted in both autumn and spring. The specific term will depend from the selected variety.

Experienced gardeners know that such a crop can be represented by winter or spring varieties. These two species differ from each other not only in terms of planting, but also in many other characteristics. You can plant and transplant them at different times, the same applies to sowing seeds for seedlings.

To distinguish them from each other, you need to know the main external signs of each species:

• winter garlic is planted in the fall, it is larger, the lobules are covered with a hard shell. In the middle there is a thick and solid rod, around which the teeth are located;
• spring is placed in open ground in early spring... Such heads are smaller, their skin is soft and resembles parchment. The teeth are small, their arrangement is chaotic.

Differences between spring and winter garlic

Winter garlic is suitable for fresh consumption and conservation, such varieties are stored for only 3-4 months. Spring has a less intense taste, but you can use it until the next harvest.

The specific dates of planting will depend on the climatic conditions of the region:

1. When carrying out an autumn planting, it is worth remembering that by the time the first frosts appear at the beginning of winter, the teeth should have time to form a powerful root system, this process takes 3-4 weeks on average. Based on this, all work should be carried out a month before the onset of frost, that is late September-early October;
2. Spring planting is carried out immediately after the winter snow cover melts, and the garden soil warms up to +6 degrees. Depending on the specific region, this may be April or early May.

When making a choice at what time to plant garlic, you need to think about the fact that not only the process of work depends on this, but also characteristics of the resulting crophow it will emerge and whether it will be necessary to transplant in the summer.

The future harvest depends on the time of planting.

Winter garlic	Spring garlic
The taste of spring garlic is less intense, and the heads and cloves are small in size compared to winter varieties.	Winter garlic boasts large prongs that are easy to peel before cooking and have a bright, spicy flavor.
Spring garlic ripens for a long time, the yield of varieties of this type remains at a low level	Winter garlic ripens a month earlier than spring garlic, so you can use fresh tines already in summer, besides, the yield of this species is much higher
Spring garlic is able to maintain its freshness for up to 12 months	Winter garlic is only stored for 3-4 months
Spring planting guarantees a friendly emergence of seedlings and safe growth of plants	When carrying out an autumn planting, it should be borne in mind that there is always a risk of an earlier onset of frost or too much rainfall, which can destroy the planting
When caring for spring garlic, you should take care of sufficient watering during the formation of the teeth.	Winter varieties are formed using soil moisture
Spring varieties of garlic are not afraid of common diseases and pests	Autumn varieties are the most defenseless against various ailments.

The choice of planting dates and the type of vegetable grown will depend on the growing purpose. Experienced gardeners recommend planting in the beds both winter and spring crops plants.

Gardeners recommend planting those other varieties in the beds.

Each planting date has its own individual characteristics regarding the work. But there are also general rules that should be followed regardless of the time factor:

1. Before planting a vegetable, you must definitely calibrate, that is, to remove too small and somewhat diseased heads;
2. The most common mistake many gardeners make is planting winter crops in the spring. In this case, you can get a harvest, but it will not be as tasty and large as with an autumn planting;
3. In order to get a guaranteed yield, you should purchase zoned varieties... It is also worthwhile to study in advance all the characteristics, technology, how to sow and needs;
4. Once every 3 years, you need to carry out rejuvenation of the variety, that is, instead of the teeth, bulbs will be used as planting material, from which one-toothed teeth ripen in the first season. The resulting crop is used for planting the next year. As a result of such work, the garlic is renewed;
5. In order to harvest a high-quality crop, the deadlines must not be missed. You can identify them by the arrow that should burst. Bulbs should also form;
6. For a richer harvest, garlic feathers should be picked in a timely manner.

Before planting, seeds need to be calibrated

The most important rule to follow when planting garlic will be deadlines.

In the fall, you cannot plant the teeth too early so that they do not germinate ahead of time, in the spring you cannot delay planting, because then the heads may not have time to mature before the onset of cold weather.

In order for the cultivation to end with success, you need to properly carry out the planting work. It is also very important to competently care for the plantings and perform the necessary work in a timely manner.

Preparing seedling cloves

In order to get friendly shoots, which will subsequently bring a good harvest, you need to work hard and properly process the planting material:

1. 1. Well-dried garlic heads are divided into cloves without damaging dry scales;
   2. Then spend calibrationselecting large and healthy slices;
   3. Before spring planting, the cloves can be stimulated to a faster emergence of roots, for this planting material wrapped in a damp cloth and put in the refrigerator for several days;
   4. Before planting the teeth in the ground, they must be prepared.

There are three ways to carry out processing:

1. • The slices are soaked in warm water for 10-12 hours;
   • For these purposes, table salt is also well suited, which is diluted in water (3 tablespoons per 5 liters). This procedure is carried out for several minutes;
   • Another way would be chemicals that have a stimulating effect.
2. The last important procedure will be disinfection... To do this, the teeth are immersed in a solution of copper sulfate for 1-2 minutes (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Disinfection is carried out in a solution of copper sulfate

Potassium permanganate solution, Fitosporin-M and ash infusion are also well suited for antimicrobial treatment. In this case, the processing will take 30 minutes.

Garlic is quite capricious about the choice of soil and planting sites. When preparing a site, you should remember all the preferences of this culture:

• in the best way the vegetable takes root on loamy and chernozem soils with neutral acidity;
• the place should be sunny and open;
• it is not recommended to plant garlic where onions, potatoes and tomatoes grew before it. Desirable precursors include cabbage, legumes, courgettes and cucumbers.

For spring planting, soil preparation is carried out in the fall, and for autumn planting a month before the work. This procedure includes deep digging, loosening, removal of weeds and stones.

In order to balance the composition of the soil, clay and sandy soil is diluted with peat, and peaty loam.

Clay and sandy soils are diluted with peat

In order to get a rich harvest, the soil needs to be enrich... The following fertilizers are applied to one square meter of soil:

• 1 bucket of humus or rotted manure;
• 1 bucket of compost;
• 1 cup dolomite flour;
• 1 tablespoon superphosphate;
• 1 tablespoon of nitrophosphate.

The final part will be the disinfection of the plantings, during which the beds are watered with copper sulfate or potassium permanganate solution. Experienced gardeners recommend covering the ridges with foil until the work is done.

Step-by-step instructions and at what depth to plant

The vegetable is planted in rows, the distance between which should be equal 20-25 centimeters... The distance between individual teeth will depend on their size, on average this figure is 10 centimeters.

The teeth deepen strictly vertical... In the spring, the embedment depth will be 5-6 centimeters. In the fall, this figure should be increased to 10 centimeters. This is necessary in order to protect the planting material from freezing.

Autumn, immediately after planting the beds, it is recommended to mulch with straw or dry grass. As soon as the snow melts, the shelter is removed.

Care

Caring for the garlic after planting will consist of timely loosening and cleaning the soil from weeds... Also, do not forget about watering. During the growing season, moisture should be applied abundantly.

Watering is reduced to a moderate amount when the fruit begins to form, because with an excess of moisture, garlic can be susceptible to various diseases. In rainy weather, watering should be reduced. Moisture application is stopped 2 weeks before harvest.

In addition to watering, garlic needs regular feeding:

1. Once every 10 days the soil is watered with a solution of phosphorus and potash fertilizers;
2. At the beginning of the growing season and after the formation of the head, the plants are fertilized with infusion of mullein or chicken droppings. 1 kilogram of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water and infused for several days. After the end of fermentation, 1 liter of top dressing is diluted with 10 liters of water.

For additional protection against diseases and pests, preventive treatments with fungicides and insecticides are carried out in the spring.

To protect against diseases, spraying with fungicides is carried out in the spring.

It often happens that after the autumn planting of garlic, the gardener's plans change dramatically and the beds have to be transplanted to a new place. Many sources do not recommend carrying out such a procedure, because it can damage the root system of plants and destroy them.

But if work is necessary, then the planting is transferred together with a large earthy clod... In this case, the losses will be minimal, but in any case, a smaller yield should be expected.

You can plant garlic in spring and autumn. The specific timeframe for the completion of the work will depend on the desired result. The key to successful work will be compliance with all the above rules.

The herbaceous plant garlic is popular all over the world for its characteristic odor, pungent taste and beneficial properties. It is used in the preparation of many hot dishes, preservation and salting. Regular consumption of this spicy vegetable helps protect the body from the flu, cope with anemia and colds. That is why it is impossible imagine a garden without beds with spring garlic, which can be stored for a long time and used as food in winter.

When to Plant Summer Garlic?

The spicy vegetable belongs to frost-resistant plants and is able to withstand sub-zero temperatures in snowy winters. However, if there is little snow in winter, it can freeze out. Therefore, in the Urals and Siberia, most gardeners prefer to plant garlic in the spring.

Garlic is planted in the spring from late April to early May. The roots and leaves of the plant grow and form at an air temperature of +4 to +10 degrees. At higher temperatures, the bulb does not form, therefore, it is not recommended to linger with planting the vegetable.

Winter varieties are planted in the beds from mid-September to early October. The plants must have time to form a root system, so they must be planted before the onset of frost.

Planting garlic in spring in temperate climates has its advantages:

1. When plants are planted in warm soil, the seedlings are friendly. But the cloves planted in autumn can freeze out in winter.
2. Summer garlic is highly resistant to pests and diseases.
3. You can plant garlic in spring on almost any soil. It will grow well even in medium loamy soil.

Soil preparation

It is recommended to plant spring garlic after herbs, cereals, legumes and pumpkin crops, cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers. After garlic, onions, potatoes and carrots, a spicy vegetable can be planted only after three years.

It is not recommended to plant the plant next to beans, peas and cabbage. These crops are depressed by garlic. But since it repels many pests, its neighborhood will be useful for strawberries, onions, tulips, roses, gladioli and various fruit-bearing shrubs.

The plot for spring garlic is chosen protected from the north wind and well lit. The soil should be neutral and fertile, loamy or sandy loam.

It is recommended to prepare a garden bed in the fall.by adding for each square meter of soil:

• compost or humus - ½ bucket;
• complex mineral fertilizer - 15 grams;
• wood ash - 3 glasses.

In the spring, the site is leveled and cloves of garlic are planted on the garden bed.

Planting garlic in spring

For planting in open ground, elastic and whole, medium or large teeth are selected. Just before boarding they are separated from the head and together with the scales are planted in the garden.

A month before planting, it is recommended to dig the heads in the snow or put them in the vegetable box of the refrigerator for hardening.Twelve hours before sowing, the planting material is warmed up for ten hours at a temperature of +40 degrees or treated with a 1% solution of copper sulfate.

To make the teeth grow faster, they can be wrapped in wet gauze or cloth three days before planting and put in a plastic bag.

The cloves should be planted in moist soil to a depth of three centimeters. There should be a distance of twenty-five to thirty centimeters between the rows. Large planting material they are spaced ten centimeters apart from each other, and the middle teeth are planted with an interval of eight centimeters.

Plantings can be mulched with rotted compost or peat in a layer of two to three centimeters. The mulch will retain moisture and reduce weed growth, making plant maintenance much easier.

Features of the care of spring garlic

Caring for a spicy vegetable consists in timely watering, feeding, weeding and loosening the soil... When plants grow greenery, watering should be abundant. With a lack of moisture in the soil, the tips of the feathers begin to turn yellow and dry.

In the second half of the growing season, the frequency of watering decreases. Excess moisture in the soil at this time leads to evaporation of the onions and to various diseases. If it rains regularly in the summer, then the plantings do not need to be watered. After rain or watering, the soil is cleared of weeds and loosened.

When the first leaves appear from the ground, the plants are fed with mineral nitrogen fertilizers, humus, herbal infusion, a solution of bird droppings or mullein.

Two weeks later, another liquid fertilizing with nitrogen content is carried out. When the chives begin to form, spring garlic is fed with an infusion of wood ash. Fresh manure cannot be used as fertilizer. It is recommended to feed the plants until mid-August..

Cleaning and storing garlic

When two-thirds of the foliage turns yellow, you can start harvesting the garlic. This usually happens in mid or late August. It is impossible to keep a spicy vegetable in the ground for a long time, since its bottom begins to grow, the teeth disintegrate, and the scales crack. Such onions will not be suitable for long-term storage.

Two weeks before cleaning the soil is raked off from the heads, and watering stops. This procedure will help the onions to ripen and dry out.

Harvesting vegetables should be done on a dry and sunny day. The onions need to be dug with a pitchfork, pulled out of the soil and spread out on the garden bed. If it does not rain, then it will take about five days to dry vegetables in the fresh air. If it rains, the plants are placed in a well-ventilated dry area.

When the onions are well dry, the leaves are cut off completely, and the stem is shortened to ten centimeters. It is also recommended to shorten the roots.

Store garlic at an air temperature of +16 to +20 degrees. The room must be well ventilated and dry. For storage, you can use wooden boxes, wicker baskets, mesh bags... If the household has only plastic containers, then in them the onions will need to be sprinkled with coarse-grained salt. It will absorb moisture and vegetables will not rot.

Garlic pests and diseases

Despite the fact that the spicy plant repels many pests, it can be affected by four-legged garlic mites, horse mites, stem nematodes, hoverflies, lurkers, moths, thrips, and onion flies. The most difficult thing to do is to get rid of the stem nematode. These pests in the form of small worms feed on the juice of the onions, as a result of which the fruits crack, and the plants dry out completely. Nematodes multiply rapidly and can destroy the entire crop. To protect plants from these pests, chicory or calendula are planted in the same garden with garlic.

To destroy other pests, you can use the biological product Bitoxibacillin or Lepidocide. Solutions are prepared from themwith which the plantings are processed.

Of the diseases, spring garlic can affect white rot, downy mildew, downy mildew, bottom rot, black mold. Fungal diseases are manifested by bloom on the bottom of the onions and between the scales, the death of roots, the appearance of yellow spots on greenery, yellowing and drying of feathers. Treatment is carried out with the help of treatment with the drug Namair-TM or Alirin-B.

So that plants are not affected by pests and diseases, it is necessary to observe agricultural practices and take preventive measures. Planting pests can be protected with spring and summer feeding in the form of ammonium sulfate. If the bulbs have been planted too close, then the plants need to be thinned out. Affected specimens are pulled out and destroyed.

Choosing a variety of spring garlic

The right variety is the key to a good harvest.... According to the ripening period, the varieties of the spicy vegetable are divided into late, mid-season and early. Popular varieties of spring garlic:

1. Degtyarsky - the variety bred by the Ural breeders is distinguished by its sharp, white pulp, pink leathery scales, reddish outer scales with purple strokes, bulbs weighing up to forty grams. Each head consists of fifteen to eighteen teeth. Bulbs are stored for up to ten months.
2. Ershovsky is a non-shooting, disease-resistant, semi-acute variety with bulbs weighing up to thirty-five grams. The heads consist of twelve teeth and are stored for no more than seven months.
3. Moskovsky is a low-sharp, high-yielding, mid-season, non-shooting variety with bulbs weighing up to fourteen grams. Multi-tooth rounded heads are characterized by high keeping quality.
4. Abrek is a mid-season variety with a sharp-tasting pulp and heads weighing up to twenty-five grams. Each onion consists of thirteen to sixteen cloves. They are stored for up to seven months.
5. Victorio is a semi-sharp, productive, mid-season variety with heads weighing up to forty grams, which contain about thirteen cloves. The shelf life of Victorio garlic is up to eight months.
6. Permyak is a mid-season, non-shooting variety intended for planting and cultivation in northern regions; it contains many essential oils, which is why it has a rather pungent taste. Head weight up to thirty-four grams. It consists of about fifteen teeth.
7. Sochi 56 - resistant to cold conditions and diseases, fruitful, early maturing variety is distinguished by heads with strong white scales. The weight of the onions is about forty-five grams. They contain sucrose, due to which the garlic of this variety has an excellent taste. Bulbs can be stored for up to eighteen months.
8. Yelenovsky is a non-peeling, fruitful, disease-resistant, frost-resistant variety, if properly stored, can retain its taste and useful properties for up to two years. Its dense heads consist of seven to nine teeth and weigh up to thirty-five grams.
9. Aleisky - intended for cultivation in Siberia, the variety has a sharp taste. The weight of the head reaches twenty-five grams. The disadvantage of the variety is its instability to the fungal disease Fusarium.
10. Gulliver is a mid-season, disease-resistant, high-yielding variety with large bulbs that can weigh from ninety-five to one hundred and fifteen grams. With good care and cultivation in nutritious soil, the bulb can gain weight up to two hundred and fifty grams. The gray-scaled heads consist of only four or five pungent-tasting cloves.
11. Flavor is a mid-season variety popular in Western Europe with a not very pungent taste. Its heads weighing up to eighty grams are distinguished by pale pink scales and pastel-cream small teeth, which are located in two rows. Up to twenty cloves can form on one onion.
12. Kledor is a fruitful, mid-season, elite foreign variety with heads weighing up to fifty-five grams, each of which consists of sixteen to twenty cloves.The onions are covered with a pink shell. The variety is prized for its high resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases.

Choosing a variety suitable for your area, proper planting and care will allow you to get a good harvest of tasty and healthy garlic in the summer. Having set up storage heads necessary conditions, until next summer you can enjoy dishes with the addition of a spicy vegetable.

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