Japanese quince planting and care in the open field in the Urals

If you want to decorate your site, create an original hedge and at the same time harvest healthy fruits, pay attention to the Japanese quince.

Description of an ornamental shrub, use in landscape design

Japanese quince is a low-growing ornamental shrub. She will decorate any garden in spring, when many huge (for its small stature) orange-red flowers with a diameter of up to 4 cm, which are strewn with all the branches, are blooming on it.

In summer, the plant attracts the eye with its glossy foliage with pouring fruits. In autumn, it is strewn with medium-sized yellow fruitsresembling small apples.

Gardeners mainly plant low shrubs for decorative purposes. A group of 3-5 plants looks very good on lawns. A small bush of quince will decorate a flower bed or an alpine slide, often used in landscape design.

Shrub blooms in May and, due to the uneven opening of the buds, the bright bloom stretches for 2-3 weeks.

Spireas, forsythia and magonia will become worthy partners in garden compositions for her.

Quince has the ability to grow in breadth due to abundant root growth, and this is its quality very often used to strengthen slopes (it holds the soil).

You need to be careful with shrubs, as there are sharp thorns on some varieties.

Henomeles (Japanese quince) due to its frost resistance (withstands frosts down to -25 ° well) suitable for growing in the Moscow region... With frosts below -30 ° C, the buds may freeze, but the bush will not die.

When properly grown, the shrub grows up to 40 years old.

Japanese quince, or chaenomeles:

Outdoor planting and care

Quince is not demanding on growing conditions, but there are several conditions that must be taken into account when planting a seedling:

• the planting site should be sunny, since the shrub grows and blooms poorly in shade;
• in order to avoid freezing of the bushes in severe winters, plant them in places protected from northern winds;
• the acidity of the soil should not exceed 6.5pH (slightly acidic);
• having a taproot deeply going into the soil, the plant does not tolerate transplanting from place to place, we plant immediately and forever;
• the distance between the bushes is 1-1.5 m, when forming a hedge 0.8-1 m.

It is preferable to plant quince in the spring; during autumn planting, the plant may not have time to take root and freeze.

Landing rules:

• pour about a bucket of humus with wood ash (0.5 kg) and superphosphate (0.3 kg) added into the dug planting hole (60 * 60 * 50cm), mix with a shovel with a small amount of earth;
• we place the seedling in the hole in such a way that the root collar was at the level of the soil;
• we cover the roots of the plant with earth and water it well;
• it is advisable to mulch the soil around the bushes (sawdust, crushed tree bark, peat).

It is preferable to plant quince in spring; during autumn planting, the plant may not have time to take root and freeze

Further care for a young seedling consists of watering, but waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed in order to avoid rotting of the roots, regular loosening of the soil around the bushes.

Since during planting all the necessary batteries were introduced, then no need to feed the plant for two years after planting.

Adult plants in the spring, after the snow melts, are fed with ammonium nitrate about 20 g per bush. In the summer, they give liquid fertilizing with organic matter (diluted mullein or bird droppings). Superphosphate is introduced in the fall.

The plant is winter-hardy, but young seedlings in the conditions of the Moscow region for the winter in the first years after planting are better to insulate.

To do this, you can use spruce branches or cover small plants with covering material (spandbond or lutrasil), put wooden or plastic boxes on top and sprinkle with fallen leaves.

Quince fruiting annually, starting from the third year after planting.

Chaenomeles cross-pollinated plant, therefore, for better pollination and increase yields, 2-3 bushes need to be planted nearby.

Features of planting chaenomeles:

Breeding methods for Japanese quince for transplant

There are several ways to breed Japanese quince.

Seeds

Due to the fact that varietal qualities are not preserved during seed reproduction, it is used when growing rootstocks with further grafting.

Seeds collected from fruits in autumn are stored in moist sand at a temperature of about 0 ° C throughout the winter. (thus they are stratified).

Seeds are sown in planting containers in February - March, after 1.5 months they dive into separate containers and at the end of May and beginning of June the seedlings are ready for planting in open ground.

Regular watering and feeding is carried out until autumn., for the winter, seedlings that are not yet fully strengthened are insulated with fallen leaves.

The easiest way is to plant the seeds collected in the fall in prepared rows, sprinkle with earth, cover with polyethylene and cover with foliage.

The germination of such seeds is excellent., since they have undergone natural stratification, in the spring dense seedlings must be thinned out, leaving the strongest ones. By the fall, the seedlings are ready to be transplanted to a permanent place of growth.

It is best to collect the seeds in the fall and immediately plant them in the beds, covering them with polyethylene

Cuttings

In early June, green cuttings are carried out... Annual cuttings with a "heel" (a piece of last year's wood) are cut. Slices are processed by "Kornevin" for better rooting and planted in the school at an angle.

To maintain humidity, cover the plantings with plastic wrap. By the fall, the seedlings are ready for transplanting to a permanent place, but it is better to do this in the spring.

You can cut ripe cuttings in the fall, dig under a bush at a depth of 20-30 cm, be sure to outline the place.

During the winter, callus forms at the ends of the cuttings, and with the onset of spring, the cuttings are planted immediately in a permanent place.

By dividing the bush

The easiest way to reproduce... Shoots with a well-developed root system are separated from the mother bush (root shoots) and transplanted.

Horizontal layering

Quince often grows creeping shoots, having dug in which you can get seedlings for subsequent reproduction.

You can bend to the ground and dig in the horizontal layers of Japanese quince

Chaenomeles pruning rules

The shrub tolerates pruning very well, but most gardeners, due to the thorniness of the plant, do not do it in vain. Quince pruning is necessary to improve growth and crown formation for decorative purposes.

There are three types of trimming:

1. Sanitary - dry, frozen and broken branches are removed in early spring.
2. Formative - they begin to do it from the age of 4, when the branches begin to branch.Shoots growing inside the bush and thickening it are cut out, excess root growth is removed, leaving no more than 2-3 young shoots annually to avoid strong expansion of the bush in breadth. Shoots creeping on the ground are also removed, they take food on themselves and thicken the bush.
3. Rejuvenating - it is produced from the age of 8 in the bush, when the annual growth becomes less than 10 cm. Thin and elongated shoots are removed, leaving the strongest 10-12 in the bush. When thinning, you need to remember that the most productive are shoots at the age of 3-4 years, older branches must be removed.

In order to avoid the penetration of diseases into the plant, all sections must be treated with garden varnish.

Quince pruning is necessary to improve growth and crown formation for decorative purposes.

Pests and diseases

Chaenomeles is not damaged by pests and has great resistance to diseases, but in cool and rainy summers such diseases as:

• leaf necrosis - the appearance of a gray bloom along the edge of the leaf with further spread over the entire surface of the leaf, the leaves dry out;
• cercosporia - manifests itself in the form of dark brown round spots that brighten over time;
• ramulariasis - the formation of brown spots on the leaves.

To combat diseases, spraying shrubs with solutions of copper sulfate (10% concentration) or a solution of foundationol (concentration 0.2%) works effectively.

Varieties for cultivation in the Moscow region

In central Russia, low-growing varieties up to 1 m in height are grown, with arched branches and a spreading crown.

Of the domestic varieties, the most common are:

• Fragrant - bush up to 1.2 m high, winter-hardy, fruit weight 50-60 g, with a pleasant aroma;
• Nikitskaya - early ripening, medium vigor, winter hardy;
• Vitamin - winter-hardy, compact bush, with bright yellow fruits weighing up to 100 g;
• Muscat - a large-fruited variety (fruits up to 200 g), self-pollinated, winter-hardy;
• Teplovskaya - a variety of late ripening and long-term storage of fruits.

The most famous foreign varieties:

• Gaillardi - variety with large orange flowers;
• Malardi - gorgeous pink flowers with a white border;
• Papel - an interesting variety with yellow flowers and a pink border around the edge of the petal.

In central Russia, low-growing varieties are grown up to 1 m in height, with arched branches and a spreading crown

Harvesting in autumn, storing fruits

Quince fruits are small, hard and sour in taste, but very aromatic and with a high content of vitamin C. They are harvested in September - October, before the onset of frost.

They are stored at an air temperature of 1-2 ° C for 2-3 months. As a result of maturation, they become softer, the sweet aroma is enhanced.

The easiest way is to cut the quince fruits into slices or grate, sprinkle with sugar in a 1: 1 ratio and store in the refrigerator. This blank is used in the preparation of drinks and added to tea.

Jams, jams are also made from the fruits of chaenomelis, and added to compotes. Due to the high iron content, chopped fruits darken quickly.

Japanese quince. Northern lemon:

Jam making

For 1 kg of quince you need: 2 kg of sugar and 1.5 cups of water. Wash the quince, dry it, remove seeds and hard white partitions, cut into small wedges.

Put slices in boiling syrup, boil over low heat for 10 minutes, removing the foam, then remove from heat and leave for 12 hours. Boil the jam again for 10 minutes, etc. until the quince slices become transparent.

We lay out the finished jam in sterilized jars, leave it until winter. In winter, aromatic jam will remind you of the beauty of flowering shrubs and the approaching warm summer.

Japanese quince is unpretentious in cultivation, it is undemanding in attention and it is easy to care for it, but at the same time it is beautiful in flowering and useful in application.

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Today there are many varieties and hybrids of quince.This unique tree annually gives delicious and aromatic fruits that have beneficial properties. Caring for Japanese quince planted in the open field differs little from standard caring for fruit crops.

Plant characteristic

Chaenomeles or Japanese quince is a flowering dicotyledonous plant of the Pink family. The place of growth is Japan, although today this plant is grown throughout Europe and in the southern regions of China.

Henomeles quince (Japanese) is a leafy shrub that grows up to 3 m in height. The crown is dense, up to 3 m in diameter. In young plants, shoots are green, in adults they are black-brown. The leaves are spatulate, narrowed towards the base, the edges are obtuse. The length of the leaf plate varies from 3 to 5 cm, the width is 2-3 cm.

The flowers are pink, red or orange, depending on the variety. Flower buds with a diameter of 5-6 cm are collected in inflorescences-shields. Fruits are yellow-green in color, 5-6 cm in diameter. Ripen closer to autumn. Harvesting is carried out before the onset of the first frost.

Despite the fact that the chaenomeles quince is a thermophilic plant, it can withstand severe frosts down to -30 ° C. However, under such harsh conditions, annual shoots and flower buds often freeze on the bush, so the flowering of quince in Siberia and the Urals is not as abundant as in the southern regions of the country. Accordingly, this plant will not bear fruit so abundantly in such climatic conditions. The only thing a tree needs when growing in the Urals and Siberia is timely shelter for the winter.

Landing rules

Planting Japanese quince and caring for it is not much different from the rules for growing other fruit bushes.

Procurement of planting material

It is best to plant trees in the spring. During the summer period, they will have time to take root and will more easily endure autumn frosts. An autumn planting of a plant is not excluded, but it is less desirable, since the risk of death of young shrubs from freezing increases.

You can buy seedlings of this plant in a specialized nursery. Two-year-old trees with a closed root system are the best planting material. Before the procedure, they are poured abundantly with water.

You can also use open-root seedlings. Before buying, it should be carefully inspected for damage and the presence of diseases, pests. Some gardeners, before planting, soak the roots in water for several hours, then cut off the damaged and rotten parts with a sterile knife. Places of cuts are treated with charcoal powder, dried and only after that they are planted in the ground.

Site selection

To know how to plant a quince on a site, you must first familiarize yourself with agrotechnical recommendations. The new location should be chosen taking into account the needs of the plant. This fruit shrub loves warmth and sunlight, so choose a well-lit area for it, where there are no winds and drafts.

You should not plant trees in the shade, because in such a place you will hardly be able to achieve good flowering and fruiting from them.

Japanese quince grows well on loamy, sandy loam, sod-podzolic soils with slightly acidic soil (pH 6.5). Plants should be planted in soil flavored with humus.

To grow a healthy, sturdy and fruitful plant, you need to properly arrange the area. Preparation includes clearing the site of weeds and fertilizing it in the fall. The selected place is sprinkled with sand, leafy soil, rotted manure or compost is also added at the rate of 10 kg per m2. Additionally, the land is fertilized with phosphorus and potassium, 40 g each for the same area. After that, a deep digging of the site is carried out.

Planting seedlings

To plant this plant, a hole is dug 50 cm deep with the same diameter. The soil fertilized in the fall is mixed with a nutrient mixture of 1 bucket of humus, 0.5 liters of wood ash, 300 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium nitrate.

The resulting mixture is poured into a pit, forming a mound. The roots of the plant are placed on it. Sprinkle the seedling with earth so that the root collar is flush with the ground. All voids are filled with fertile soil. The earth around the trunk circle is tamped and plentifully watered with 20 liters of water. Immediately after planting, all shoots of the seedling are shortened by 20 cm.

For group planting, seedlings are placed 1.5 m from each other. If you plan to create a hedge, the optimal distance between plants is 0.5 m.

With good care, one plant produces 2 to 5 kg of juicy yellow fruits.

Care requirements

Growing and caring for this shrub is not particularly difficult. For full growth and fruiting, the plant requires the following conditions.

1. Regular watering. In the first two years of life, the tree needs to be watered often and abundantly, especially during drought periods. 1-2 buckets of water are consumed per bush. Watering frequency is 1-2 times a month.
2. Loosening of the soil to a depth of 10 cm is carried out 2-3 days after each watering. This increases the aeration and moisture permeability of the earth. It is also worth regularly removing weeds from the site so that they do not attract various pests.
3. Mulching. This procedure ensures the retention of moisture in the soil. Trunk circles can be mulched with peat, pine nut shells, chopped bark or sawdust. The thickness of the mulch is 3-4 cm.
4. Top dressing. In the first year of life, the shrub does not need fertilization. The food that was introduced at landing is enough. Starting from the second year of life, caring for Japanese quince involves adding mineral and organic components to the soil. In spring and autumn, a nutrient mixture of 10 kg of compost, 300 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium fertilizer is introduced into the zone of the trunk circle. In summer, plants can be fed with liquid fertilizers: ammonium nitrate solution (20 g for each specimen) or liquid mullein (3 liters of 10% solution per plant).

Preparation for wintering

It is very important to properly prepare the plant for winter. His future health and fruiting will depend on this. To cover the near-trunk circle of adult shrubs, fallen leaves or spruce branches are used. Young quince is covered with lutrasil or spunbond. Low-growing shrubs are covered for winter with cardboard boxes or wooden boxes.

Disease and pest control

Proper cultivation of Japanese quince requires preventive measures against diseases and pests. Parasites and diseases appear in extremely rare cases and only because of illiterate care. In wet and rainy weather, the shrub can infect spotting, cytosporosis, ramulariasis and necrosis. All of these diseases are caused by a fungal infection, which is facilitated by a humid environment.

To prevent the development of pathogenic microflora, it is worth regularly removing the remnants of vegetation from the site, fertilizing the shrubs and taking care of them properly.

Plants affected by these diseases can be treated with any antifungal drug that contains copper. Before the procedure, all affected parts are cut off and burned.

Quince chaenomeles is affected by spider mites or scabies. According to gardeners who grow this shrub, it is easier to prevent their appearance than to exterminate.

For the purpose of prevention, regular spraying with Actellik, Karbofos or Aktara acaricides is carried out. The first treatment is carried out in early spring, before the blooming of vegetative buds, the second, in the absence of parasites, may not be needed.

Pruning features

Japanese quince growing in the open field responds very well to this procedure. Thanks to regular shearing, the plant acquires a beautiful crown and becomes a wonderful decoration for any garden.

The first pruning is done in the spring.All branches that are frozen, damaged, withered and growing in the wrong direction are subject to removal. Cut shoots with a thickness of more than 7 mm are covered with garden pitch to prevent infection.

Formative pruning is also done in early spring, before sap flow begins. The first procedure is performed at the 4th year of life and is repeated annually. Remove all branches that thicken the crown, grow inward and at an irregular angle. The root shoots are also cut off, leaving only 1-2 offspring.

Branches located horizontally at a height of 30-40 cm from the ground surface are of the greatest value. Vertical shoots and creeping on the ground must be cut.

A rejuvenating haircut is carried out at the age of 8-10 years, when the annual growth of shoots will decrease to 10 cm. First, the shrub should be thinned out, leaving only a dozen of the strongest branches. Then five-year-old shoots are replaced with young branches and root shoots.

Transfer

This plant does not tolerate transplanting well, so a permanent place should be chosen taking into account the age of the plant: the life expectancy of the shrub is 50-60 years. During this time, the conditions of detention should be optimal so that the tree does not have to be replanted.

Plant transplantation is possible only in extreme cases:

1. flooding of the site;
2. damage to the plant by root rot, which requires its digging, treatment and moving to a new place;
3. poor development and lack of fruiting due to improperly selected soil.

The plant is transplanted according to the same scheme as the planting of a young seedling. The same soil and fertilizer composition is applied.

The best time to spend is spring. In the fall, replanting the shrub is undesirable, since it can freeze and die with the first frost. If there is a critical situation, and the plant still needs to be transplanted, then try to do this procedure as early as possible (September - October). So the plant will have time to take root and adapt in a new place.

Reproduction methods

You can propagate this plant in several ways:

1. cuttings;
2. seeds;
3. undergrowth;
4. vaccination.

Cuttings

This method allows you to get a new plant and keep all the varietal characteristics of the mother bush. Green annual shoots are used for reproduction. Slicing is done in dry and warm June weather. Each stalk should contain 2 internodes and a heel at the bottom - a piece of last year's wood.

For successful rooting, cuttings are dipped into the root formation stimulator "Kornevin" or indolylbutyric acid.

Planting cuttings is carried out in a nutrient mixture of peat (1 h) and sand (3 h). Shoots are planted at an angle of 45 °. They contain young plants under a transparent film or hood, thus creating greenhouse conditions.

After 1-1.5 months, the cuttings will release roots, after which they can be transplanted to a permanent habitat in the garden.

Seed method

According to gardeners, this is the most reliable method of obtaining a new plant. In addition, the seeds contained in the berries have good germination - about 90%. Planting is carried out in the same nutrient mixture that is used for cuttings. Sow seeds for the winter to get the first shoots in the spring. Transplantation into open ground is carried out after the seedlings reach the age of one.

Growing undergrowth

This plant has the unique property of producing numerous offspring that can be dug up and used for reproduction.

To get a new specimen, you need a scion about 15 cm long, about 5 mm in diameter with a well-developed root system.

The planted offspring are thoroughly watered, mulched with sawdust and humus. The disadvantage of this method of reproduction is as follows: due to the weak root system, the growth does not take root well, so it needs to be grown.

Vaccination

The grafting procedure is carried out in the spring (in May) by the method of improved copulation. A seedling is taken as a stock, and a varietal shoot as a scion. Peephole grafting is carried out in the middle of summer, when the second stage of sap flow begins. A kidney with a piece of bark is cut from a high-quality cutting with a sharp knife, then a T-shaped incision is made on the rootstock and a cut eye is inserted into it under the bark.

The folded edges of the bark are pressed tightly and tied with foil so that the peephole remains outside.

If the procedure is carried out correctly, the peephole will take root in a month. The next year, when a new shoot emerges from the bud, the bandage can be removed.

Most popular varieties

Among all the varieties of Japanese quince, only a few are most popular with gardeners. They have excellent indicators of productivity, survival in different climatic conditions and unpretentious care:

1. Pink lady;
2. Malardi;
3. Papel;
4. Likhtar;
5. Nikolay;
6. Clementine;
7. Simony;
8. Merlozi.

Conclusion

Growing Japanese quince outdoors is a simple process, but worthwhile. As a result, you will get not only a beautiful ornamental shrub, but also tasty, healthy fruits. Subject to the above-described planting technique and care rules, this process can be carried out not only by an experienced, but also by a novice gardener.

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If you want to decorate your site, create an original hedge and at the same time harvest healthy fruits, pay attention to the Japanese quince.

Description of an ornamental shrub, use in landscape design

Japanese quince is a low-growing ornamental shrub. She will decorate any garden in spring, when many huge (for its small stature) orange-red flowers with a diameter of up to 4 cm, which are strewn with all the branches, are blooming on it.

In summer, the plant attracts the eye with its glossy foliage with pouring fruits. In autumn, it is strewn with medium-sized yellow fruitsresembling small apples.

Shrub blooms in May and, due to the uneven opening of the buds, the bright bloom stretches for 2-3 weeks.

Spireas, forsythia and magonia will become worthy partners in garden compositions for her.

Quince has the ability to grow in breadth due to abundant root growth, and this is its quality very often used to strengthen slopes (it holds the soil).

You need to be careful with shrubs, as there are sharp thorns on some varieties.

Henomeles (Japanese quince) due to its frost resistance (withstands frosts down to -25 ° well) suitable for growing in the Moscow region... With frosts below -30 ° C, the buds may freeze, but the bush will not die.

When properly grown, the shrub grows up to 40 years old.

Japanese quince, or chaenomeles:
> Quince is not demanding on growing conditions, but there are several conditions that must be taken into account when planting a seedling:

• the planting site should be sunny, since the shrub grows and blooms poorly in shade;
• in order to avoid freezing of the bushes in severe winters, plant them in places protected from northern winds;
• the acidity of the soil should not exceed 6.5pH (slightly acidic);
• having a taproot deeply going into the soil, the plant does not tolerate transplanting from place to place, we plant immediately and forever;
• the distance between the bushes is 1-1.5 m, when forming a hedge 0.8-1 m.

Landing rules:

• pour about a bucket of humus with wood ash (0.5 kg) and superphosphate (0.3 kg) added into the dug planting hole (60 * 60 * 50cm), mix with a shovel with a small amount of earth;
• we place the seedling in the hole in such a way that the root collar was at the level of the soil;
• we cover the roots of the plant with earth and water it well;
• it is advisable to mulch the soil around the bushes (sawdust, crushed tree bark, peat).

It is preferable to plant quince in spring; during autumn planting, the plant may not have time to take root and freeze

Further care for a young seedling consists of watering, but waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed in order to avoid rotting of the roots, regular loosening of the soil around the bushes.

Since during planting all the necessary batteries were introduced, then no need to feed the plant for two years after planting.

Adult plants in the spring, after the snow melts, are fed with ammonium nitrate about 20 g per bush. In the summer, they give liquid fertilizing with organic matter (diluted mullein or bird droppings). Superphosphate is introduced in the fall.

To do this, you can use spruce branches or cover small plants with covering material (spandbond or lutrasil), put wooden or plastic boxes on top and sprinkle with fallen leaves.

Quince fruiting annually, starting from the third year after planting.

Chaenomeles cross-pollinated plant, therefore, for better pollination and increase yields, 2-3 bushes need to be planted nearby.

Features of planting chaenomeles:
> There are several ways to breed Japanese quince.

Due to the fact that varietal qualities are not preserved during seed reproduction, it is used when growing rootstocks with further grafting.

Seeds collected from fruits in autumn are stored in moist sand at a temperature of about 0 ° C throughout the winter. (thus they are stratified).

Seeds are sown in planting containers in February - March, after 1.5 months they dive into separate containers and at the end of May and beginning of June the seedlings are ready for planting in open ground.

Regular watering and feeding is carried out until autumn., for the winter, seedlings that are not yet fully strengthened are insulated with fallen leaves.

The germination of such seeds is excellent., since they have undergone natural stratification, in the spring dense seedlings must be thinned out, leaving the strongest ones. By the fall, the seedlings are ready to be transplanted to a permanent place of growth.

It is best to collect the seeds in the fall and immediately plant them in the beds, covering them with polyethylene

In early June, green cuttings are carried out... Annual cuttings with a "heel" (a piece of last year's wood) are cut. Slices are processed by "Kornevin" for better rooting and planted in the school at an angle.

To maintain humidity, cover the plantings with plastic wrap. By the fall, the seedlings are ready for transplanting to a permanent place, but it is better to do this in the spring.

You can cut ripe cuttings in the fall, dig under a bush at a depth of 20-30 cm, be sure to outline the place.

During the winter, callus forms at the ends of the cuttings, and with the onset of spring, the cuttings are planted immediately in a permanent place.

The easiest way to reproduce... Shoots with a well-developed root system are separated from the mother bush (root shoots) and transplanted.

Quince often grows creeping shoots, having dug in which you can get seedlings for subsequent reproduction.

You can bend to the ground and dig in the horizontal layers of Japanese quince

The shrub tolerates pruning very well, but most gardeners, due to the thorniness of the plant, do not do it in vain. Quince pruning is necessary to improve growth and crown formation for decorative purposes.

There are three types of trimming:

1. Sanitary - dry, frozen and broken branches are removed in early spring.
2. Formative - they begin to do it from the age of 4, when the branches begin to branch. Shoots growing inside the bush and thickening it are cut out, excess root growth is removed, leaving no more than 2-3 young shoots annually to avoid strong expansion of the bush in breadth. Shoots creeping on the ground are also removed, they take food on themselves and thicken the bush.
3. Rejuvenating - it is produced from the age of 8 in the bush, when the annual growth becomes less than 10 cm. Thin and elongated shoots are removed, leaving the strongest 10-12 in the bush.When thinning, you need to remember that the most productive are shoots at the age of 3-4 years, older branches must be removed.

In order to avoid the penetration of diseases into the plant, all sections must be treated with garden varnish.

Quince pruning is necessary to improve growth and crown formation for decorative purposes.

Chaenomeles is not damaged by pests and has great resistance to diseases, but in cool and rainy summers such diseases as:

• leaf necrosis - the appearance of a gray bloom along the edge of the leaf with further spread over the entire surface of the leaf, the leaves dry out;
• cercosporia - manifests itself in the form of dark brown round spots that brighten over time;
• ramulariasis - the formation of brown spots on the leaves.

In central Russia, low-growing varieties up to 1 m in height are grown, with arched branches and a spreading crown.

Of the domestic varieties, the most common are:

• Fragrant - bush up to 1.2 m high, winter-hardy, fruit weight 50-60 g, with a pleasant aroma;
• Nikitskaya - early ripening, medium vigor, winter hardy;
• Vitamin - winter-hardy, compact bush, with bright yellow fruits weighing up to 100 g;
• Muscat - a large-fruited variety (fruits up to 200 g), self-pollinated, winter-hardy;
• Teplovskaya - a variety of late ripening and long-term storage of fruits.

The most famous foreign varieties:

• Gaillardi - variety with large orange flowers;
• Malardi - gorgeous pink flowers with a white border;
• Papel - an interesting variety with yellow flowers and a pink border around the edge of the petal.

In central Russia, low-growing varieties are grown up to 1 m in height, with arched branches and a spreading crown

Quince fruits are small, hard and sour in taste, but very aromatic and with a high content of vitamin C. They are harvested in September - October, before the onset of frost.

They are stored at an air temperature of 1-2 ° C for 2-3 months. As a result of maturation, they become softer, the sweet aroma is enhanced.

Jams, jams are also made from the fruits of chaenomelis, and added to compotes. Due to the high iron content, chopped fruits darken quickly.

Japanese quince. Northern lemon:
>For 1 kg of quince you need: 2 kg of sugar and 1.5 cups of water. Wash the quince, dry it, remove seeds and hard white partitions, cut into small wedges.

Put slices in boiling syrup, boil over low heat for 10 minutes, removing the foam, then remove from heat and leave for 12 hours. Boil the jam again for 10 minutes, etc. until the quince slices become transparent.

We lay out the finished jam in sterilized jars, leave it until winter. In winter, aromatic jam will remind you of the beauty of flowering shrubs and the approaching warm summer.

Japanese quince is unpretentious in cultivation, it is undemanding in attention and easy to care for, but at the same time it is beautiful in flowering and useful in application.

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Japanese quince, or chaenomeles (Chaenomeles) - not only decorative, but also a fruit plant. It is a bushy shrub with beautiful glossy leaves. Japanese chaenomeles (Ch. Japonica) can grow up to 2 or even 3 m, and Mauley chaenomeles (Ch. Maulei), also called Japanese low quince, - up to 1 m. In May, the bushes are covered with numerous large bright flowers of scarlet and red-orange colors. There are varieties with a different original color of flowers. For example, Japanese quince varieties such as ‘Nivalis’ are characterized by white petals, while ‘Pink Lady’ are pink.

Varieties of Japanese quince: photo and description of shrubs

Chaenomeles develops better and blooms in an open place, but it also tolerates partial shade. When planting a Japanese quince, you need to take into account the fact that in severe winters, the branches above the snow cover freeze over. Chaenomeles is propagated by green cuttings, offspring and layering, species are propagated by seeds.

Chaenomeles are planted in groups on the lawn

The Japanese quince shrub looks good as a padding to taller plants.

For example, you can cover the exposed stems of the chubushnik with chaenomeles.

Those who decide to breed this plant should pay attention to some very important features in the description of Japanese quince. First of all, chaenomeles is a thermophilic plant, therefore, experts consider regions with a mild climate to be favorable territories for its growth. If it is planned to plant and care for Japanese quince in northern latitudes, where the temperature can drop to -30 ° C, it must be borne in mind that the part of the shrub that will be under the snow will bloom in spring, but the annual shoots or buds that were above the level snow cover are unlikely to give a lush color.

However, even such slightly capricious and demanding characteristics in the description of the Japanese quince shrub do not stop skillful gardeners, because the plant differs in a number of other features and advantages:

• for example, chaenomeles has smooth, small juicy green leaves;
• however, in addition to the leaves, the quince also has thorns, reaching up to 2 cm in length;
• fruits resembling pears or apples in shape are not very large in size - some 3-5 cm - and are located on the surface of the shoots;
• in landscape design, Japanese quince will delight the eye from May until about mid-June (flowering lasts about 20 days), when pink, white or red-orange buds will bloom.

After reading the description, look at the photo of a Japanese quince shrub to understand what shapes and colors this plant has:

Due to the fact that today there are many varieties of Japanese quince, real gardeners and those who simply want to decorate their site can choose the type of plant that they like.

You can see in the photo a variety of Japanese quince, which is distinguished by its beauty and is very popular among connoisseurs - this is "Pink Lady". It is characterized by a wide crown and pink or rich pink flowers. And the height of the shrub is only 1.5 m.

In May and at the end of summer - August - the chaenomeles "Nivalis" is covered with wonderful white buds. It can grow both in width and in height up to 2 m.

Pay attention to the photo of the Japanese quince "Hollandia": this plant has red-orange flowers, dark green leaves and a wide crown. Chaenomeles can bloom twice - in May and August.

A plant variety like "Vesuvius" is considered very miniature: it does not grow taller than 1 m. Despite this, its fire buds fit delightfully into any garden.

If you look at the photo of a Japanese quince bush called "Crimson and Gold"then also join those people who consider it one of the most beautiful varieties. The color of the flowers of the plant is simply magnificent - rich scarlet buds with yellow stamens. And this beauty is most often used by real gardeners to create hedges, since this variety does not require pruning.

And here is the chaenomeles "Jet Trail", unlike Crimson and Gold, it spreads over the ground and decorates any lawn with wonderful white flowers. Moreover, the variety is completely devoid of thorns.

French breeders tried very hard when they bred the variety "Simone"... This shrub has red-crimson flowers, bears green fruits and is distinguished by lodging shoots of an almost round shape.

And if you want to get a real bonsai tree in your garden, stop the choice on the "Rubra" variety. Just keep in mind that for this you will have to carefully monitor its appearance when caring for Japanese quince and regularly prune it.

Resistant varieties of Japanese quince for the Moscow region

Taking into account the climatic and soil specifics of the Moscow region, experts advise to carefully approach the choice of one or another variety of this plant. For the Moscow region, Japanese quince varieties should be distinguished, first of all, by resistance. Therefore, attention should be paid to interspecific hybrids of chaenomeles and breeding varieties.

For example, a Japanese quince called "Zubutlinskaya" would be a suitable option for residents in the Moscow region. It bears large fruits, is frost-resistant and resistant to various diseases. In addition, the plant is not afraid of northern winds. And, by the way, delicious jams and juices are made from the fruits.

In addition to the named variety, you can also experiment with the cultivation of Japanese quince, which is called "Nicoline". Since it is very resistant to low temperatures and produces a lush bloom in the form of scarlet flowers, this type of chaenomeles will be an interesting solution for your landscape design.

Another frost-resistant variant, which is distinguished by a beautiful pale pink color, is the already known variety "Pink Lady". An adult plant reaches no more than 1.2 m.

Growing and caring for Japanese quince outdoors: how to plant a shrub correctly

To know how to plant Japanese quince, carefully read the following tips from experienced gardeners. In principle, chaenomeles is distinguished by a certain capriciousness and exactingness only at a young age. During this period, the plant needs moderate moisture, which implies the absence of moisture stagnation.

In the future, such difficulties should not arise. True, you still need to take into account that in poor lighting the plant may not bloom so luxuriantly and is unlikely to bear fruit.

How to plant Japanese quince correctly so that it delights you with its delicate flowers? As you may have guessed, you should choose a landing site that is sufficiently lit.

Further, do not forget that the plant must be under snow during the winter period. Therefore, look for a spot where massive snow is forming. And if your snowstorms are very frequent guests, do not forget to also cover the shrub with spruce branches or fallen leaves.

A very characteristic feature of the plant is that it is able to thrive and grow well in almost any soil. So if you plant a shrub on damp clay or poor sandy soil, Japanese quince will perfectly accept and give a lush color. But this will only happen if the land is moderately moist, as mentioned earlier, and rich in humus.

Only on such soils as calcareous and saline, chaenomeles will not be able to grow. Note that alkaline soil will cause chlorosis in the leaves.

It is best to plant Japanese quince in the area that is located on the south side of a country house, or in a secluded corner that is well protected from northern winds.

Pay attention to the photo of Japanese quince: if the planting was done correctly, your plant will give a similar fertile color:

You need to remember that if you decide to plant shrubs in the spring, you need to prepare the soil in the fall. To do this, you should completely clear the area of ​​weeds, if any, and keep the selected area under black steam until planting. Be sure to apply such fertilizers to the soil as peat-manure compost in the amount of 10 kg / m2, potash and phosphorus fertilizers in the amount of 40 g / m2. This contributes to the creation of the necessary water and air permeable ball of the earth.

If you want to decorate your garden with a plant with an open root system and plant it in a permanent place, choose a time for planting in the spring, when the soil has already thawed, but the buds have not yet begun to bloom. In the fall, planting of Japanese quince is also possible, but since chaenomeles is thermophilic, it can suffer or even die.

Be sure to take a good look at the photo of the Japanese quince, the care and planting of which assumes that the shrub will be planted in small groups or along the paths so that a low hedge is formed:

In such cases, each plant should be at a distance of one and a half meters from each other if they are collected in a row, and at a distance of up to 1 meter if the quince forms a group.

Planting Japanese quince in the open field is considered incorrect: the root collar of the bush must be located at the level of the soil, but the root should never be exposed! It is also important that the root collar, too deep in the ground, does not contribute to a slowdown in the growth of chaenomeles.

Remember that this plant reacts very badly to transplanting, and an experienced gardener will never disturb him again. It is known that in one place quince can give a lush color up to 60 years.

Well, when chaenomeles is already planted, it's time to think about how to grow Japanese quince healthy and beautiful.

In order for the plant to bloom luxuriantly in summer, the soil around it is carefully loosened at a depth of about 10 cm. This procedure is combined with the destruction of weeds.

For an even more effective result, which you will see if you look at the photo, in caring for Japanese quince, a method such as mulching is used - that is, covering the ground with a layer of mulch (peat, sawdust or crushed bark) to protect the shrub:

To apply this method, it is better to stock up on everything you need in late spring and carry out the procedure while the soil is still wet enough, but already well warmed up. In autumn, mulching is performed only when a constant low temperature has already been established.

In the cultivation and care of Japanese quince, which was planted a year ago, gardeners do not recommend using liquid dressings that can easily injure young roots. And without the use of these funds, the plant will have enough nutrients in the planting hole. But already in the second or third year, when spring comes and the snow melts, experts advise applying organic and mineral fertilizers.

They will contribute to the lush color and fruiting, which you can observe in the photo of Japanese quince, which was also grown using fertilizers in the form of liquid dressings:

Reproduction of Japanese quince seeds and cuttings

It is the seeds that are considered the simplest and most proven method of reproduction of Japanese quince by dozens of generations of gardeners. You need to know that when already ripe fruits are sent for processing and the core is cleaned out, large brown seeds can not be disposed of, but left for further sowing. They are sown in the soil in the fall.

This method is so loved by many people, because, thanks to it, it is guaranteed that you can get dense shoots already next spring. But if you did not succeed in realizing your plans during this period, you will have to lay the seeds for stratification - long aging (2-3 months) in peat or wet soil at a temperature of + 3 + 5 ° C. In spring, the seeds are naturally transferred to the ground.

You can also resort to another method - propagation of Japanese quince cuttings. However, experts claim that this method is considered less effective. In most cases, a grafting procedure is used to preserve the varietal qualities of chaenomeles.

Pay attention to the photo, so that growing and caring for Japanese quince does not become a problematic and unloved occupation for you in the future:

Remember, these green cuttings are usually harvested in early June, while the weather is dry, but not hot. Be sure to cut them early in the morning. Gardeners say that the most effective rooting - 80% guarantee - are cuttings cut with a small piece of last year's wood. They are also called "with a heel". To stimulate growth, a solution of indolylbutyric acid with 0.01% is used.

Cuttings must be planted obliquely in a mixture of peat and sand (the required ratio is 1: 3). If the temperature outside is kept within + 20 + 25 ° C, then rooting can easily occur in 40 days.

How to propagate Japanese quince by offspring

Since the plant always produces many root suckers, you can use them as well. Experienced gardeners have long known how to propagate Japanese quince in a similar way. For this, shoots are selected about 10-15 cm long and at least 0.5 cm thick. It is imperative that the offspring have a well-developed rhizome system. Then they are planted vertically and watered regularly so that the soil retains the necessary moisture. Then they resort to the familiar mulching procedure - they cover the soil around the plant with chips, shavings or humus. True, chaenomeles grown in this way has one drawback: it was noticed that the plant produces fruits of smaller sizes than its counterparts propagated by seeds or cuttings.

But there is also a special plus in this situation: with this method of reproduction, the Japanese quince very often then spreads in different directions and at the age of 20 can occupy an area of ​​up to 2 m2. This is very beneficial if you want to hold the soil on some slopes, for example.

Growing Japanese quince in the Moscow region: planting, care and pruning

A very valuable feature of the Japanese chaenomeles is that he loves to "preen" very much. Truth be told, gardeners are in no hurry to approach the thorns of the plant. They do this only when they are armed with thick garden gloves - leggings.

The Japanese quince is in great need of sanitary pruning in the spring: during this period, all dry shoots that have died from frost should be carefully removed. To do this, you can use ordinary well-sharpened tools - a garden saw and pruning shears. After the procedure, the cut sites must be treated with garden pitch.

But how to cut Japanese quince if it is connected with the formation of a bush, which begins at the age of 4-5 years? First, the procedure is carried out in early spring. Part of the root growth is cut annually.

Only 2-3 offspring are left for further growth. It is desirable that these were exactly horizontal shoots, which are located at a height of up to 40 cm from the ground. Other shoots, creeping along the ground or growing vertically, are safely removed.

Another type of pruning, which is indicated in the description of planting and caring for Japanese quince in the Moscow region, is a rejuvenating procedure. It is used when the plant reaches the age of 8-10 years. Gardeners are realizing that the time has come for this pruning, when the annual growth is reduced to 10 cm.

The procedure is as follows: the shrub is thinned out, all thin and weak branches are removed, and only a dozen strong shoots are left.

Look at the photos of the beautiful varieties of Japanese quince, the description of which is presented above - for them the most terrible threat is such a pest as aphids:

If you find these monsters on plants that are in your garden, urgently use special means.

No less vicious and dangerous enemy for chaenomeles is damp, cool weather, which causes the manifestation of many fungal diseases:

• if the plant begins to necrosis and numerous spots appear on the leaves, this is a sure sign that soon the Japanese quince may die;
• in the event that chaenomeles is affected by cercosporosis, all kinds of brown spots appear on it, which fade over time;
• brown spots are a sign of ramulariasis.

What then needs to be done to save the plant? It is urgent to use the most effective remedy - spray the shrub with a solution of fundozol (0.2%) or apply a copper-soap liquid, which is made by adding 100 g of copper sulfate to 10 liters of soapy water.

These funds are considered quite dangerous, so there is another option: you can make a tincture of onions, and for this you need to insist for 24 hours 150 g of husk in 10 liters of water. After filtering the drug, the plant is sprayed with it during the whole summer every 5 days.

Shrub Japanese quince in landscape design (with photo)

After reading the description of the Japanese quince and looking at the photos of the various varieties of this plant, which are presented below, you can be convinced that chaenomeles can be considered one of the most magnificent ornamental shrubs:

Each variety is distinguished by its unique color range of buds (from delicate snow-white to massive fiery red), which literally shimmer in the sun. And the fruits that reach on the Japanese quince resemble either outlandish pears or amazing fabulous apples.

Moreover, chaenomeles attracts many avid gardeners because it retains its regal appearance for a long time. Certain varieties can live up to 50 years! An amazing plant blooms in spring, pleasing the eye and bringing pleasure to the inhabitants of a country house, and in summer and autumn it shares its juicy fruits.

Japanese low-growing quince is very often used for landscaping garden paths. This variety does not grow taller than 1 meter. In addition, in May and early June, chaenomeles begins to become covered with orange-red flowers, which look very beneficial in any garden.

Japanese quince is also perfect for creating hedges.She can be seen both singly seated and gathered in small groups, which very often create the most real artistic compositions.

In the garden, chaenomeles looks great on a trunk - a vertical or inclined letter-shaped element. To get the desired result, the plant should be grafted onto a pear or mountain ash using cuttings.

Look at the photo of Japanese quince in landscape design: when decorating the territory, the following points should be taken into account:

• for example, to create an alpine slide, you can combine chaenomeles with dwarf spruce, varietal thuja or slate pine;
• if you plant shrubs along the garden path every one and a half meters, you get a whole picturesque ensemble;
• In combination with daffodils and Carpathian bells, Japanese quince helps to add bright colors to the landscape design.

In fact, there are many options for compositional solutions with the landing of Japanese chaenomeles. Much depends only on the imagination of the gardener himself. So - don't be afraid to experiment!