Actinidia planting and care in the open field in the Urals

Actinidia is a two-in-one plant. She very successfully combines showiness and visual appeal with the presence of tasty and healthy fruits. This vine is not yet the most common culture in the areas of Russian gardeners, but it is confidently gaining popularity due to its unusual appearance, general unpretentiousness in care and the ability to adapt to not always favorable climatic conditions, which are very different from its native subtropics.

What is actinidia

Actinidia is a very unusual vine that can become a real decoration of a personal plot. It is also known to gardeners under the nicknames "northern grapes", "kiwi", "Amur gooseberries", "Far Eastern raisins". This plant is not only spectacular and decorative, but also very useful.It regularly produces berries that contain many vitamins, macro- and microelements vital for the body.

Actinidia in the garden looks very impressive

Actinidia is widely used in the garden. This vine has a powerful tree-like trunk, shoots are literally dotted with large, beautifully shaped leaves. The gazebos and verandas entwined with it look very impressive. You can also disguise some unsightly structure or create a hedge. Even in winter, actinidia attracts attention - its whimsically intertwining shoots resemble the creation of a talented graphic artist.

Video: what kind of plant is actinidia

Spreading

In nature, there are many varieties of actinidia. Most of them are native to the Asian subtropics. But there is also actinidia kolomikta, which is widespread in nature in northern China. It successfully survives not only in the European part of Russia, but also in regions with a more severe climate, rightly ranked among the "risky farming zones" - in Siberia, the Far East, and the Urals. Liana is frost-resistant, temperatures up to -45 ° C do not harm it. The main danger for her is recurrent spring frosts, which are not something out of the ordinary in these territories. When the temperature drops to -2 ° C, the leaves will suffer, but quickly recover, at -4 ° C both they and the flowers will turn black and fall off, -8 ° C is a critical minimum at which the shoots may not survive.

The plant has long been successfully used in folk medicine. All its parts are used - leaves, roots, bark, flowers. Cooked decoctions and infusions serve as an effective prevention of atherosclerosis, help fight other vascular diseases, and are used in the presence of problems with digestion and breathing. It is also an irreplaceable remedy for the treatment of vitamin deficiency.

In general, actinidia is one of the most ancient plants that have survived to this day. Botanists claim that this vine existed on the planet at the same time as the dinosaurs, but, unlike them, was able to survive the ice age. Accordingly, she has the ability to adapt to the most extreme conditions.

Description and characteristics

Actinidia belongs to the category of dioecious plants. If you plant it not only for decoration, but also counting on fruiting, there must be a "male" bush that will serve as a pollinator. Breeders have bred several new varieties, positioned as self-fertile, but practice shows that they cannot rightfully be called such. Distinguish "male" plants from "female" by flowers. In the former, they have many stamens, but lack the pistil.

Flowers on "male" actinidia bushes lack pistil

For the winter, the vine sheds its leaves. But before that, they acquire a very bright shade - sunny yellow, crimson-crimson, blood-scarlet. In shape, the leaf plate resembles a slightly elongated heart. In most varieties, it is dark green, but there are also varieties with a leaf tip colored white, pinkish or cream.

Bright multi-colored leaves only add decorativeness to actinidia

The flowering period is short (2–2.5 weeks), but it is very abundant. The snow-white or pastel pink flowers are small, but the open buds spread an amazing aroma, similar to the smell of orange blossom or lily of the valley.

Blooming actinidia spreads an amazing scent

Actinidia fruits look like very large gooseberries or small kiwi fruits. Their taste is very pleasant, sweet and sour, refreshing. The pulp contains more vitamin C than lemons and black currants. Its daily rate is only two fruits. It is best to eat fresh berries, so experienced gardeners recommend letting them hang on the vine until the first frost - then the shelf life will increase significantly.

Actinidia fruits are very similar in shape to kiwi

Rodents, primarily mice, are not interested in the shoots of actinidia. They can only build a nest in the space between the roots. But on cats, the plant has about the same intoxicating effect as valerian tincture. They do not eat the leaves, but to get to the juice, they gnaw through the bases of the shoots and roots.

Video: actinidia and a cat

Actinidia is distinguished by its rapid growth and early maturity. In a year, the shoots lengthen by an average of 1.5–2 m. The first fruits can be tasted 3-4 years after the seedling is planted in the ground. Average yield is 5-10 kg of berries from an adult plant.

Video: characteristics of actinidia

Varieties suitable for the Ural climate

Actinidia kolomikta is best suited for growing in the Urals. It possesses the necessary frost resistance, tolerates any whims and sudden changes in the weather well. Modern breeding offers a wide variety of varieties bred in Russia and abroad.

Dr. Shimanovsky

One of the most popular varieties of Polish selection. The average length of the shoots is about 2 m. It has good cold resistance (up to -40 ° C). The creators position the variety as self-fertile, but practice shows that this is not entirely true. Shoots are glossy, shiny, chocolate brown. The leaves are variegated, bright green with snow-white, cream, pinkish blurry spots. In autumn, they change color to yellow, crimson, lilac-scarlet. The intensity of the color depends on the place where the creeper is planted - the more sun, the brighter it is. The diversity appears after two to three years in the open field.

Flowering can be expected from plants over five years old. The flowers are small, snow-white, with pale yellow stamens, spreading a pleasant lemon scent. Duration of flowering - up to three weeks. Fruit ripening period is 4–4.5 months. Usually the crop is harvested in early August. The berries are small, weighing about 2.5–3 g and 2–2.5 cm long. The skin is salad green, the pulp is juicy, pleasant to the taste, sweet and sour. The aroma is reminiscent of pineapple or apple. Ripe fruits quickly crumble. Average yield is 12-15 kg per adult plant.

Actinidia Doctor Shimanovsky is one of the most popular foreign varieties in Russia.

Queen of the garden

A variety of Russian selection, included in the national State Register in 1999. Belongs to the category of dessert. Spectacular climbing liana, the length of the shoots of which reaches 7-9 m. Winter hardiness within -35 ° C. The yield is not too high - 1-2 kg per adult plant. It rarely suffers from diseases and pests. Leaves are shiny, lime color. The fruits are very high in vitamin C (1700 mg per 100 g of berries). The harvest ripens in the first decade of August. The berries have a regular cylindrical or barrel-shaped shape with a cut off top, reach a weight of 3.5–4.5 g and a length of about 3.5 cm. The skin is greenish-olive, with a gray undertone. A pinkish-red blush may appear on the side facing the sun. The taste is refreshing, sweet and sour, the aroma is intense, similar to the smell of apples. Taste is rated very highly by professionals - 4.8 points out of five.

The fruits of the actinidia Queen of the garden are very tasty, but, unfortunately, there are not many of them.

Waffle

Achievement of Moscow breeders. The variety has an average ripening period, and is considered by experts to be one of the best. Withstands frosts down to -30 ° C. Undoubted advantages are excellent resistance to diseases and pests, consistently high yield (up to 7–8 kg per adult liana) and large size of berries (more than 8 g). The fruit is elliptical with a flat, as if cut off base. The skin is matte, greenish brown. From a distance, it can seem dirty. The taste is slightly sour, the pulp is very delicate, the aroma is banana. Tasters estimate it at 4.75 points out of five. Ripe berries quickly crumble. Therefore, it is better to remove unripe fruits - they ripen within 2-3 days.The length of the shoots is 6–8 m, the thickness is 3–4 cm. In old plants, it reaches 8–10 cm. The maximum yield is achieved when growing vines in light partial shade. The flowers are single, with snow-white petals.

Actinidia Waffle is one of the best achievements of Russian breeders

People's

Actinidia of medium ripening. Shoots grow more slowly than most vines. Fruits are small, weighing up to 4–4.5 g, in the form of an almost regular ellipse. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp has a rich apple aroma (to some it is more reminiscent of strawberries). Lime peel. Tasting score - 4.5 points. Curly shoots, smooth, brownish in color. The leaves on the front side are bright green, in the sun they can acquire a yellowish tint. The inside is almost white. The edge is cut with small teeth. It rarely suffers from diseases, but, in comparison with other actinidia, it enjoys increased attention of pests.

Unlike most actinidia, People's growth rate does not differ

Hope

Belarusian variety of medium ripening. Recommended for cultivation in all regions of Russia. Its main advantages include a good yield (4–5 kg from an adult liana), a high (1250 mg per 100 g) content of vitamin C, as well as the fact that it does not suffer from diseases and pests. A significant drawback is drought sensitivity. The length of the shoots is 5.5–6 m. The vine brings the first harvest 4–5 years after planting in the ground. Differs in the large size of flowers, reaching 2.8-3 cm in diameter. Leaves are strongly elongated, wedge-shaped, with a sharply pointed tip. The average berry weight is 3 g or slightly less. It gradually tapers towards the top. Even fully ripe fruits do not crumble. The bright green skin is covered with longitudinal salad-colored stripes. The pulp is very sweet, the sourness is barely noticeable. Tasting score - 4.5 points.

Actinidia Hope is very sensitive to substrate moisture

Magpie

One of the earliest varieties, the fruits ripen in the first decade of August. Diseases are rarely affected. Curly shoots, about 3 m long. Leaves are soft, with an unusual dark olive shade. Fruits are elongated, elliptical, slightly flattened from the sides, rather small (weight 2.2–2.5 g, length 2.5–2.8 cm). The skin is thin, lime, smooth, shiny. The pulp is very sweet, with an apple aroma and a high (2200 mg per 100 g) content of vitamin C. The taste has earned the highest possible rating from professional tasters - 5 points. The yield, unfortunately, is low - 1–1.5 kg per bush.

The fruits of actinidia magpie in the Urals ripen before anyone else

Grape

It is considered one of the most promising novelties in breeding, but along with excellent winter hardiness and good immunity against diseases, there is also a significant drawback - low yield (no more than 1 kg per bush). The fruits ripen at the very beginning of August. The variety belongs to the category of dessert. Fruits are large, weighing 6–7 g and 2.2–2.5 cm long, strongly elongated, slightly ribbed. The pulp is slightly sour, has a pronounced strawberry aroma, which some people think is similar to marmalade. The skin is dark olive green, very thin, almost transparent. Longitudinal light stripes and a slight blurred blush on it fit into the norm.

Actinidia of the Grape variety has very tasty fruits, but it does not differ in yield

Backyard

A variety of early ripening, the fruits ripen in the first decade of August. The average weight of the berry is 4.5–5 g, the length is 3.5–4 cm. The skin is colored in various shades of olive. The shape is an elongated cylinder with well-felt ribs. The taste is rather sour than sweet, but it is highly rated by tasters, at 4.7 points. A pulp with a rich aroma, reminiscent of both pineapples and apples. Shoots reach a length of 3-4 cm, curl vigorously. Even in adult vines, the bark retains a green hue. Plants rarely suffer from frost. Productivity - up to 2 kg per bush.

The taste of Actinidia Priusadebnaya is not very sweet, but professional tasters like

Gourmet

The fruits ripen in the second decade of August. The growth rate of the liana does not differ. Interestingly, it wraps around the support strictly counterclockwise. The shoots are very thin, but the leaves are large, with prominent veins. The flowers are solitary, in appearance they resemble lilies of the valley. Flowering lasts almost a month. Frost resistance - within -40 ° C. Fruits in the form of a slightly flattened cylinder. The skin is very thin, olive green in color, may be covered with blurred longitudinal stripes. The berries are large enough - 4.5–5.5 g. The taste is balanced, sweet and sour. The pulp subtly smells like pineapple. The average yield is 5–7 kg with an adult liana.

Actinidia Gourmand has a high yield and good frost resistance.

Moma

A late ripening variety that belongs to the category of dessert. Differs in frost resistance, rarely suffers from diseases and pests. Young shoots change color from greenish to chocolate brown during the season. The leaves are smooth on the outside, on the inside along the veins there is an edge. Fruits in the shape of a rounded cone. Average length - a little over 2 cm, weight - 2.5-3 g. The pulp is very sweet, with a rich pineapple aroma. Ripe berries do not crumble. The skin is brownish-green with darker longitudinal stripes, thin. The taste is rated at 4.5 points. Low yield - 0.5-1 kg per adult plant.

Actinidia Moma is practically not attacked by diseases and pests

Adam

"Male" plant, does not bear fruit in principle. Can be used as a "universal" pollinator for any of the described species of actinidia. The average height of the vine is 3.5–4 m. The leaves are very decorative - when the plant reaches the age of 3–5 years during the season, they gradually change from a bright green spring color to an almost white summer color, which becomes crimson-pink by the beginning of autumn. The older the liana, the more intense the tone of the leaf plate. The flowers are small, white, collected in an inflorescence of three. The aroma is almost imperceptible, similar to the smell of lemon.

Adam is a suitable pollinator for any "female" species of actinidia colomicta

In general, the bright color is a distinctive feature of the "male" actinidia plants. Their leaves are much larger and brighter than those of the "female" ones. Flowering occurs in late spring or early summer.

Video: how to distinguish a "male" actinidia bush from a "female"

How to plant a plant correctly

Actinidia is a long-lived plant. She will decorate the garden for at least half a century. At the same time, the liana does not like transplants too much, therefore, the planting procedure must be approached very responsibly.

Seat selection

When choosing a site for actinidia, first of all, it is worth considering the life of the plant. It is quite long, so the liana grows strongly in height and width. It is advisable to first familiarize yourself with the description of a particular variety and be guided by the declared dimensions of an adult plant.

Actinidia does not make any special demands on the quality of the soil, although it grows best on light soils rich in humus and nutrients. The acid-base balance of the substrate is neutral or slightly acidic. Alkaline will definitely not work. But you can "acidify" it with sawdust of coniferous trees, citric or acetic acid, peat.

When planting several actinidia at the same time, you need to provide each plant with sufficient area for nutrition.

Since the homeland of actinidia is subtropical forests, it loves moisture. But at the same time it does not tolerate when the water stagnates at the roots. Groundwater should not come closer than a meter to the surface. If this is not the case, you will have to pour drainage material on the bottom of the planting pit or build a hill at least half a meter high.

All this is quite feasible in the Urals.The hardest part is to provide enough sunlight and warmth. Actinidia kolomikta is shade-tolerant, but not shade-loving. A lack of light negatively affects the quantity and taste of the fruit. The liana, planted under the tree, in the "openwork" shade looks very interesting. She can use his trunk as a natural support. But the tree should not be fruitful, otherwise its yield will sharply decrease. Perhaps the vine will even "strangle" him.

Actinidia will tolerate a slight partial shade, for young vines it is even good

Good neighbors for actinidia are any legumes. They saturate the soil with nitrogen and loosen it, improving the air permeability of the soil. At the same time, they form a continuous carpet, preventing the substrate from drying out. Currants, hazel are also suitable - both as neighbors and as previous crops. Actinidia looks spectacular surrounded by bright flowers - petunias, asters, viola, gerberas, marigolds. They are not "competitors" for her in the fight for nutrients contained in the soil. The most unsuccessful "companion" for actinidia is the apple tree.

Preparing for landing

The climate in the Urals is such that the only possible time for the planting of actinidia is spring. Autumn planting is the best option for regions located closer to the subtropics. Winter in the Urals does not always come in accordance with the calendar, and a plant, in order to adapt to new habitat conditions and safely survive the cold, needs at least two months before the onset of frost. The liana planted at the end of May is guaranteed to get strong enough before winter. At this time, the probability of recurrent spring frosts and sudden temperature fluctuations is significantly lower than in April, and the soil has time to warm up. Actinidia is planted before the leaf buds of the vine "wake up".

How to choose a seedling

The choice of a seedling is a very responsible procedure. Novice gardeners are advised to purchase plants exclusively from specialized stores or nurseries. This is the only way to ensure that this is the desired type of actinidia. Buying handheld or at agricultural fairs is a big risk. At the same time, it is desirable that the nursery where the plant was grown would also be located in the Urals. Such seedlings are already adapted to the climatic characteristics of the region.

Buying from trusted suppliers is a guarantee of the quality of the planting material

What else should you be guided by when choosing:

1. The roots of actinidia are quite fragile, so it is better to give preference to a plant with a closed root system. This will ensure that they are not damaged in transit or dry out before landing. Five to ten minutes in the open air is enough for the roots to be irreversibly damaged.
2. Annual plants take root well in a new place. In addition, they very rarely have an overdried earth lump. A large seedling (three years old or older) is by no means the best choice.
3. If actinidia is bought with the expectation of a future harvest, a pollinator is required. For every three "female" bushes, one "male" of the same type is acquired (sometimes a ratio of 5: 2 is recommended). Interspecific pollination is impossible for this plant.
4. Saplings grown from seeds do not always inherit the varietal characteristics of the "parent". This is only relevant for actinidia obtained from cuttings. They can be distinguished by the presence of a stump-like trunk and lateral buds from which thin shoots grow. The annual seed plant is the only smooth shoot.
5. In actinidia kolomikt, unlike other varieties, the shoot is painted in a rather dark color - green-brown, red-brown, chocolate. Small rounded growths of a lighter shade are clearly visible. In the rest of the actinidia, the shoots are much paler - sandy, beige, lettuce color.

Planting pit preparation

A planting pit for actinidia is prepared in the fall or at least a few weeks before the scheduled date.Several bushes are best placed in a row from north to south. At least one and a half meters are left between neighboring vines, and at least 3.5-4 m between their rows. The optimum depth of the pit is about half a meter, the diameter is 50-60 cm.

Brick chips, expanded clay, pebbles, and ceramic shards must be poured onto the bottom of the pit with a layer of at least 10 cm thick. Other material can be used as drainage.

At the bottom of the planting pit for actinidia, a drainage layer is required

The top layer of soil extracted from the pit is mixed with humus (10–12 l), simple superphosphate (180–200 g), potassium sulfate (70–90 g) and urea (40–50 g). With the finished mixture, you need to fill about a third of the volume of the hole, forming a mound.

When planting actinidia, it is necessary to provide a place for placing the trellis. It is desirable that it be collapsible. In this case, the shoots can be removed from it and covered for the winter. In the Urals, it may well be extremely cold and with little snow, so it is better to insure yourself. If it is planned that it will climb a wall or fence, the seedlings are placed about a meter away from them. Lianas are devoid of aerial roots, therefore they are absolutely safe for any buildings. The height of the support should be such that it is convenient for the plant to care for and harvest. Enough 3-3.5 m.

Actinidia on a trellis looks much more aesthetically pleasing than shoots intertwined in a ball, moreover, it is much easier to care for it

Landing procedure

The process of planting actinidia in the ground takes place in several steps.

1. The pot with the plant is immersed in a container of water of a suitable volume for about half an hour. You can add potassium permanganate to it to a pale pink color (for disinfection) or any biostimulant (to strengthen the plant's immunity).
2. The soil in the planting pit is well watered.
3. A deepening is made, filling its bottom with a layer of pure nutritious soil, without fertilizers. This will help keep the fragile roots from getting burned.
4. Actinidia is removed from the pot, trying to cause as little damage to the earthen coma as possible. It is placed in a recess made at the top of a mound in a hole and soil is added in small portions, periodically gently tamping it. Be sure to take care not to deepen the root collar.

   Actinidia is planted, trying to disturb the roots as little as possible.

5. The planted plant is watered abundantly, consuming at least 25-30 liters of water. It is not necessary to dig holes for irrigation so that rain and melt water does not accumulate in them.
6. When the moisture is absorbed, a trunk circle with a diameter of 50–70 cm is mulched with freshly cut grass, peat crumbs, humus (layer 10–12 cm thick). If there are cats in your or neighboring areas, it is advisable to surround the plant with a metal mesh or build another barrier. These animals can gnaw heavily on shoots and roots.

   After planting, it is advisable to surround young actinidia plants with a fine-mesh metal mesh, protecting from cats

7. For the summer, a white covering material or gauze folded in several layers is pulled over the vine. This will help her successfully cope with the "stress" she has endured and will protect the soil from drying out. Immature plants do not tolerate direct sunlight.

Video: how to plant actinidia correctly

Crop care recommendations

Actinidia kolomikta is deservedly considered an unpretentious plant to care for. She has a certain "plasticity", successfully adapting to climatic and weather conditions. Therefore, its cultivation in the Urals is practically no different from cultivation in other areas.

Watering

Too abundant and / or frequent watering will turn the soil in the near-trunk circle into a swamp, and this actinidia does not tolerate at all. If the summer is cool, the plant can get by with natural precipitation. In the heat, the procedure is carried out every 6–9 days, spending 50–70 liters of water per adult liana. If there is no rain for a long time, it is advisable to additionally spray the leaves early in the morning or late at night.

To retain moisture in the soil, the trunk circle must be mulched. This will also help save time on weeding. Each time after watering, the soil is loosened, but very carefully - the root system of actinidia is superficial, the roots do not lie deeper than 10-15 cm.

Mulch helps to retain moisture in the soil and save time on weeding

Fertilization

Actinidia responds very positively to the application of fertilizers, mineral or organic. At the beginning of the active growing season, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are needed to build up the green mass. In the process of loosening, 15–20 g of carbamide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or 20–25 l of humus, rotted compost are distributed over the area of ​​the trunk circle in the process of loosening.

Urea, like other nitrogen-containing fertilizers, stimulates the vine to build up green mass

The second top dressing is natural fertilizer. Wood ash is a natural source of phosphorus and potassium. With her infusion (a three-liter jar for 10 liters of boiling water), the liana is watered at the beginning of summer. If the state of actinidia or the growth rate does not suit you, during the season it can be sprayed 3-4 times with a solution of any universal complex mineral fertilizer (Kemira-Lux, Agricola, Zdraven or others will do).

In early autumn, actinidia is watered with a solution of potassium sulfate (10-15 g) and superphosphate (30-35 g) in 10 liters of water. If autumn is rainy, you can distribute the top dressing around the trunk circle in a dry form. An alternative is a complex fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium (ABA, Autumn). Nitrogen cannot be added at this time - it prevents the plant from properly preparing for winter.

Actinidium categorically does not tolerate chlorine and lime. Therefore, in order to neutralize the excessive acidity of the soil, dolomite flour, crushed chalk, powdered eggshells are used. And potassium chloride as a fertilizer is completely excluded.

Pruning and shaping the crown

Since one of the main functions of actinidia is decorative, crown formation for it is a strictly mandatory procedure. Such a vine looks well-groomed, grows more luxuriantly, forms new lateral shoots faster.

Correct pruning promotes crown growth

The rules and timing for pruning are as follows:

1. If the condition of the plant is satisfactory, during the first season, shoots were added in a length of about a meter, pruning can be carried out already in the second year of being in the open field. Otherwise, the procedure is postponed for another season. The right time for her is immediately after flowering or already in the fall, when the leaves fall (no later than a month before the onset of the first frost). In spring, pruning is not recommended due to intensive sap flow.
2. For the first time, remove all shoots to the point of growth, leaving 3-4 of the strongest and most developed. They are tied to a trellis, giving a strictly vertical position. During the summer, the vine actively forms side shoots. Five or six of them are also fixed on a support, but already horizontally. The resulting configuration should look like a fan. Further, these shoots will need to be pinched every autumn, removing 2-3 upper leaf buds.
3. In the third or fourth year of life, shoots are formed, from which they will then be harvested. They are made significantly shorter, cutting by about half. Place them, as described above, alternately vertically and horizontally.

   Regular pruning gives the actinidia a presentable look

4. Don't forget about sanitary pruning. Every year in the spring and autumn, they remove all the frozen, dried out, affected by diseases and pests of the lash. Also, the vine is gradually rejuvenated, getting rid of shoots older than 12-15 years.

Video: pruning actinidia

Preparing for winter

Actinidia varieties suitable for cultivation in the Urals are distinguished by high frost resistance.But still it is better to play it safe and cover the plant.

1. Pre-clean the trunk circle from the existing plant debris.
2. After that, the mulch layer is renewed, bringing its thickness at the base of the trunk to 20–25 cm.
3. Shoots of actinidia are carefully detached from the trellis and laid out on the ground, sprinkled with fallen leaves, hay, wood shavings, spruce branches and tightened with breathable covering material in several layers.
4. As soon as enough snow falls, the resulting structure is thrown over them, building a snowdrift. During the winter, it is refurbished 2-3 times, at the same time breaking the hard crust formed on the surface.

Common diseases and pests

The fact that actinidia is extremely rare, and with proper care, almost never suffers from pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, cannot but rejoice gardeners. Pests also do not have much love for this plant.

But there are exceptions to the general rule:

1. Phylostictosis. A fungal disease that is easily recognized by dark brown spots with a burgundy edging on the leaves. Gradually, the tissues in these places dry up, holes appear. Most often old actinidia or plants with damaged roots suffer from phylostictosis.

   Old creepers of actinidia mainly suffer from phyllostictosis.

2. Ramulariasis. The leaf plate on both sides is covered with whitish spots with a wide dark border.

   Ramulariasis is a dangerous fungal disease, from which actinidia can suffer with improper care

Having found the first warning signs, it is necessary to take measures to treat and prevent recurrence of the disease:

• diseased leaves must be removed and burned;
• spray the plant several times with an interval of 7-12 days with a 2% solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid.

These are the most common remedies, but other, more modern fungicides can also be used - Abiga-Peak, Skor, Topaz, Horus, and so on.

Of the pests, caterpillars, leaf beetles, and lacewings pay attention to actinidia. They can cause serious harm to the plant, eating away leaf and flower buds from the inside. In order to cope with them, the vine is sprayed 2-3 times with a solution of any general action insecticide prepared according to the instructions - Inta-Vir, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Tanrek and others.

The leaf beetle is a very cute bug, but it causes significant harm to actinidia

Harvesting and storage

Actinidia bears the first fruits 3-4 years after planting in open ground. For most varieties, fruiting begins in August and lasts at least 1.5 months. Unripe berries during storage can ripen, becoming sweeter.

Actinidia berries ripen gradually, the harvest is harvested within 4-6 weeks

Fresh actinidia fruits are stored in a cool (10–12 ° C) room with good ventilation and humidity of 60–75%. Make sure that there are no strongly smelling foods or substances nearby. Berries easily absorb odors.

During the heat treatment process, the benefits of actinidia are not lost. Therefore, it is quite possible to cook jam, compote from it, and make other homemade preparations. Frozen, dried and sun-dried berries are stored for the longest time.

Heat treatment does not in any way reduce the benefits of actinidia fruits

Gardeners reviews

It is quite possible to grow actinidia (especially its variety of kolomikta) in the Urals, despite the fact that this region deservedly belongs to the category of "risky farming zones". Among the many varieties of Russian and foreign selection, each gardener will find one that suits him. The main advantages of this culture are decorativeness, cold resistance, good yield and general unpretentiousness. It is they who contribute to the fact that actinidia is gaining more and more distribution in Russia.

Actinidia is a liana-like plant with a powerful tree-like stem and a large number of large leaves.Among all varieties, it is the actinidia kolomikta that is widespread, planting and caring for which is relevant for the Moscow region and the northern part of Russia. This plant is also known as the northern grape, which it received as a result of the external resemblance of the fruit to the grape bunches. It is grown not only for obtaining berries, but also as an ornamental plant.

Features of actinidia kolomikta

The bred actinidia varieties tolerate severe winters well. It is the actinidia kolomikta variety that is the leader in frost resistance. It is able to withstand temperatures up to -35 degrees. Therefore, knowledge of how the planting and care of actinidia kolomikt occurs in the Urals, as well as in Siberia, is simply necessary for dacha owners who want to grow an unusual plant on their site. When a plant is damaged by spring frosts, it quickly recovers, releasing foliage from dormant buds.

The sex of actinidia does not change throughout the entire growing period. To obtain a high-quality and rich harvest, it is recommended to keep 5 female roots and 2 male roots in one area.

Actinidia kolomikta, the fruits of which have a high content of ascorbic acid, will be very useful for humans. For 100 g of berries, there are more than 1,000 mg of this valuable vitamin. To get a daily dose of vitamin C, it is enough to eat two actinidia berries. From this it follows that only 1.5 kg of berries are enough for a person for a year.

In the comments of gardeners, it is noted that this plant is not affected by pests, they bypass it, which means that you will not have to spend additional funds on the fight.

Actinidia kolomikta, variety description:

1. A perennial plant with a climbing trunk, capable of wrapping around a support up to 8 m high.
2. The life span reaches 30 years.
3. The flowering period is late - mid-June. The temperature for normal flowering should not be below 0 degrees. The first flowers appear only at 4–5 years of plant life. Male specimens have staminate flowers, and female flowers also have a large pistil.
4. Fruit ripening occurs in September - early October. Ripe fruits are dark green in color, with a soft and delicate texture. The yield from one shrub is about 1-2 kg.
5. The taste is sweet and sour or sweet, with a pineapple flavor.

Seat selection

Before choosing a place for planting actinidia kolomikt, it is necessary to study its main features:

• the liana constantly stretches upward, some specimens reach a height of up to 8 meters;
• the root system of the plant is close to the surface.

Based on these features, you need to choose a place for growth. For these purposes, slightly shaded areas are ideal, in which there will be a lot of space for the free growth of the plant upwards. Under favorable conditions, multiple lateral shoots will form on it. Actinidia does not like overdried soils, so watering should be monitored especially carefully.

The best option is to plant actinidia along fences or next to any buildings. In this case, you will not only get useful berries, but also get an ornamental plant for decorating a fence. The only thing to consider is the location of the drain, since the plant does not tolerate waterlogging, just like overdried soils.

Planting actinidia next to garden trees is not advisable, as it will simply clog them. The minimum distance between liana and trees should be about 6-7 m.

Soil requirements

Actinidia grows well in soil with a low content of components such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, it is better to refuse breeding vines on alkaline soils, this type is absolutely not suitable for her. The best option is acidic or slightly acidic soils, possibly neutral. The structure of the soil should be loose, but not sandy. Clay soils are also not suitable for growing this crop.

In places with a close occurrence of groundwater, it is not recommended to plant actinidia, since excessive moisture can harm it.

Planting actinidia kolomikta

The variety of actinidia kolomikta is very popular in Siberia. Planting of a plant can be done both in spring and autumn, after frosts or before their onset.

For planting actinidia, a pit is prepared (50 * 50 * 50), with preliminary laying of a drainage layer. It is customary to use gravel, crushed stone or broken brick for it. Such a layer should be at least 10 cm. After it, the garden soil is filled up, with layers of dried humus.

If there is still heavy soil on the site, sand is added to the drainage layer. Ash (1 kg), superphosphate (0.2 kg) and potassium sulfate (0.1 kg) can also be added to garden soil.

Having covered the hole with earth, a small mound is formed in its center, in which an actinidia seedling is placed. In order for the young roots not to dry out and not be attacked by pests, they are dipped in a clay mash before planting.

At the end of planting work, the seedling is watered with water (at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 bush.), And the earth around it is compacted a little. In this case, the root collar should be flush with the ground surface.

A hole around the bush should not be made to exclude the accumulation of rainwater in it.

Caring for actinidia kolomikta

To raise yields and form a decorative type of plant, you need to properly care for it.

Actinidia kolomikta, care and its main stages:

1. Watering is frequent, but without the formation of stagnant water. It is necessary to constantly maintain soil moisture, since the roots of the plant are shallow. For normal growth of the vegetative part of the plant, moist air is required, therefore, in hot weather, it is recommended to spray the leaves with water, preferably twice a day, in the morning and in the evening.
2. Plant feeding is carried out at the beginning of summer. For this, an infusion of mullein is used, diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. You can also use other types of mineral fertilizers.
3. In order for the soil not to dry out, it is recommended to mulch it using different methods. The simplest and most effective way is to cover the surface with sawdust.
4. The variety of actinidia kolomikta, planting and care in the Moscow region and Siberia also provides for its shelter for the winter period.

Pruning actinidia and what it is for

Pruning of a plant is carried out immediately after its flowering or in late autumn, after all the leaves have fallen off. In the spring, during the period of juice production, pruning is not recommended, since the plant may weaken or even die due to the loss of juice. Pruning the actinidia involves thinning the plant as well as cutting out weak and withered branches.

Forming actinidia kolomikta

Growing actinidia kolomikta and caring for it also imply its molding, the variety of which depends on the region where it grows, the place of planting and the type of trellis.

In the middle lane, actinidia is grown in the form of a bush, located on a trellis, by fan molding. For this, 3-4 main, vertical shoots are selected, which will be the fan sleeves. In autumn, after the leaves fall off, the top is pinched off to the level of the stiff vine, due to which lateral branches will grow next year. Having chosen the most powerful of these shoots, they are tied to a trellis, with a direction in different directions.

The next year, shortened branches grow, ready for fruiting. They are tied up in an upright position. A year later, shoots will appear on them again, which will need to be tied up already in a horizontal position, spreading them in different directions. Shoots that have already borne fruit are recommended to be shortened by 5 buds, counting from the top berry.

Video about planting actinidia

Self-fertile actinidia: description, planting and care

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Description of self-fertile actinidia

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Suitable for such a procedure

The most common in the culture of actinidia kolomikta. Caring for this frost-resistant variety allows you to get a harvest even in central Russia. Among other varieties, one can name the actinidia arguta, or sharp-toothed, polygamous actinidia, purpurea actinidia and Chinese actinidia.

Actinidia comes from ancient tropical forests with mild, warm and humid climates. Hence, its potential for distribution, winter hardiness, but through acclimatization and selection, some of its species can be grown in almost all regions with a frost-free growing season within 160 days and with a sum of effective temperatures of at least 2000 ° C. The root system of actinidia is densely branched, superficial, the bulk of the roots lies in the upper fertile layer at a depth of 20-25 cm from the soil surface.

Features of actinidia

It is usually held at the end of June - beginning of July (if you are late for a week - another one is okay, it fits into an error).

• Polygam,
• The fruits of the above plant are actively used in cooking. They are also harvested for the winter: canned and dried.
• During the fruiting period, the soil around the tree-like liana is kept under black fallow.
• If the crop was harvested at sub-zero temperatures, it will not last long in the refrigerator.
• Organic acids;
• Self-fertile actinidia is quite an interesting ornamental plant. Its fruits are extremely beneficial for human health, tasty and aromatic. It is not difficult to grow and care for a plant. In addition, actinidia produces high and stable annual yields. The fruits are marketable and have excellent transportability; they can be stored for a long time in a cool place. Detailed information on growing actinidia and keeping it at home is provided below.
• ​.​
• Air temperature in the range from 17 to 25 degrees
• It was on the basis of Chinese actinidia that 5 large-fruited varieties of actinidia were bred in New Zealand, which are named "Kiwi", after the kiwi bird - a symbol on the coat of arms of New Zealand.
• Actinidia prefers well-drained soils, medium in texture with a slightly acidic or neutral environment (pH 5.5-7.0). Before planting actinidia, remember that it is a moisture-loving plant, but does not tolerate stagnant groundwater, shade-tolerant, but fruiting well in high light.
• When grafting actinidia, cut the cuttings with 1-3 buds. Leave only the top sheet (shortened). Then, for 24-32 hours, put the cuttings in a glass with distilled water or heteroauxin, and only then you can plant them, for which prepare the dishes, having previously filled it with the substrate. As a substrate for growing actinidia, you can use both peat and sand or even expanded clay. The angle of disembarkation is somewhere between 30-35 degrees. Leave the bud with the leaf uncovered. Then pour and only then cover with foil.
• Giralda

Jam is made from the fruits of actinidia, juice is squeezed out, cocktails are made. The above fruits are also used for decorating cakes and other sweets, for making desserts.

Useful properties of actinidia

This action cannot be performed:

• The above plant propagates both by cuttings and seeds. Seed stratification is carried out for 2 months. Before this process, the seeds are steamed. Then they are mixed with sand and slightly moistened. After that, the seeds are wrapped in a cloth and placed in a refrigerator, where a temperature of about +5 degrees Celsius must be maintained. It is recommended to ventilate them daily for fifteen minutes at room temperature.
• Pectins.
• The above plant has several names. This is actinidia holly, and self-fertile actinidia, and kiwi, and pineapple atinidia.The plant is, first of all, a spectacular tree-like liana, which is characterized by a beautiful decorative appearance and edible fruits. The latter are distinguished by an extremely high content of useful trace elements and vitamins.
• The manifestation of diseases is characterized by the appearance of dots and specks on the foliage. Bordeaux liquid will help in the fight against the disease, and painful foliage should be plucked and eradicated. Young animals need to be protected from cats that like to nibble on the bark and kidneys. As protection from animals, a net is often installed around the vines. And for adult plants, cats are not dangerous. Each culture has its own vulnerabilities.
• , Sunlight without direct sunlight, and average humidity. When the temperature rises, a moistened gauze is placed on top of the film. Cuttings must be sprayed daily, once a day.
• In terms of winter hardiness, the first place is occupied by the actinidia kolomikta, the second is the arguta, the third is the purple actinidia and the completely non-winter-hardy Chinese actinidia is a subtropical species.

The winter hardiness of actinidia species is different. Kiwi freezes when the temperature drops to -12 ° C. The most winter-hardy species is actinidia kolomikta, which can withstand -30 ° C, but shoots freeze and flower buds die.

The optimum temperature for this process is 18-24 degrees. Also requires sunlight (indirect and non-scalding) and above average humidity.

Types of self-fertile actinidia

Actinidia kiwi: there are now over 100 varieties.

Dried actinidia or raisins are especially popular, which resembles dried grapes (raisins) in their appearance.

• Early spring;
• After the above stratification process, the seeds are planted in light soil, which is pre-steamed. Seedlings appear early enough: after two weeks. They grow slowly during the first year. But it is not recommended to feed them with anything.
• It should be noted that the fruits of this plant contain 5 times more vitamin C than black currant and 10 times more than citrus fruits.
• This plant is characterized by stable, high yield, sufficient frost resistance, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, resistance to diseases and pests.
• Actinidia has

If all conditions are met, after three to four weeks, the roots will fully form, and the actinidia seedlings will be ready for planting next spring. For the winter, you can cover them with fallen leaves or sawdust.

• Thus, it is recommended to grow actinidia kolomikta and varieties belonging to this species in the Non-Black Earth Region. In the middle zone of fruit growing - actinidia arguta. In the southern fruit-growing zone, in addition to hot arid regions, there are purpurea actinidia and hybrid varieties obtained by crossing with purpurea actinidia. In subtropical regions, it is possible to grow Chinese actinidia and its derivatives.
• The winter hardiness of actinidia arguta and polygamous is even lower, there is a strong frosting of the branches, provided there is insufficient snow cover. In addition, the unripe tops of the shoots freeze under all types of actinidia every year in November-December. The most suitable for cultivation in the southern region of actinidia kolomikta and argut.

If the temperature rises - on top of the film, you can put wet gauze - when the moisture evaporates, the temperature inside the "greenhouse" will drop. Spray the cuttings under the film with water from a flower spray - it is enough to do this once a day.

• Usually actinidia is a dioecious plant, therefore, when planting this culture, it is necessary to plant 1 to 10 female plants on one male plant. The male plant is a more powerful vine with a huge number of pollinators.
• When preserving actinidia fruits, experts recommend adding citric acid, since already processed, they have a taste with mild acidity.
• During the period of intensive sap flow (due to the loss of juice, the plant becomes weak);
• Young seedlings of actinidia in the first winter are best kept in a cool place. It is advisable to plant it only in early spring.

These fruits significantly strengthen the immune system of hypertensive patients, people with diabetes mellitus, the elderly and children. Especially useful fruits of kiwi for patients with vision problems.

It should be noted that self-fertile actinidia does not require a male plant: it is well pollinated by itself. This monoecious plant begins to bear fruit as early as 4 years after planting. From one bush, you can get up to 9 kg of berries.

Three weak points

Seedlings grown by cuttings will begin to bear fruit after two to three years.

Actinidia is a climbing plant. It is grown on supports in the form of grape trellises, gazebos, arches, and is placed near the walls of houses from the west, north-east and north-west sides.

When growing actinidia, spring frosts pose a great danger during shoot growth, budding and flowering.

Reproduction of actinidia

If all the conditions are met for germination, then after 3 (at most 4) weeks the roots will form, then these seedlings can be planted next spring, and just cover them for the winter - this can be done with fallen leaves.

Colomicte (but not all!), Giralda, in the absence of males, are pollinated with their own pollen, give a crop, but small. Female kiwis have the same property. Polygamous is monoecious, dioecious and three-house. Its flowers are only pistillate with a reduced androecium or staminate with a reduced gynoecium.

Self-fertile actinidia is a plant that can not only decorate a personal plot, but also give extremely tasty and healthy fruits. This is just a godsend for an enterprising summer resident.

At the end of summer (can cause awakening of the buds on the shoots of the current year).

If actinidia is propagated by cuttings, then it is recommended to cut them with two or three buds. One upper shortened leaf is also left. It is recommended to put the cuttings in a glass of distilled water for a day. Only then can they be planted in a container with a substrate. As the latter, you can safely use peat or sand. Important: do not cover the bud with a leaf with a substrate! After planting the cuttings, they need to be watered and covered with foil.

Perennial tree lianas have about 30 plant species in the genus. All varieties of actinidia are distinguished by high annual fertility and beautiful decorative appearance. On the territory of Russia, the following types of the above plant are known:

Soil for the above plant

Actinidia fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 months, but it is imperative to observe a strict temperature range for this: from 0 to 2 degrees Celsius.

​:​

... To speed up the process of obtaining the first crop, you can do the grafting with splits. This procedure is carried out from November to January.

Actinidia belongs to dioecious, dioecious plants. On some plants, only female flowers are formed, on others, male ones. Female flowers are usually located singly or 2-3 together, they have well-developed pistils and small stamens. Male flowers are collected in large inflorescences from 2-3 to 12-17 in each. Inside them there are numerous small stamens with yellow anthers in actinidia colomicta and polygamous and black in actinidia arguta.

Self-fertile actinidia: planting and care

The negative effect of low temperatures on actinidia plants can be reduced by choosing the right place for it in the garden. Therefore, before planting actinidia, you need to find a place that is well protected from cold winds.

I must say right away that with cuttings that have already hardened and lignified, the reproduction of actinidia is worse. But if you try, then you can achieve a good result.

Pollination occurs by wind or insects. Interestingly, pollination can take place at a great distance from the pollinator - up to half a kilometer. In one place, actinidia grow up to 70 years or more.

I was prompted to write an article about this unusually interesting and very useful culture, a feeling of resentment for it, it is very slowly being introduced into our gardening. Many varieties of grapes have been created that have a high sugar content with a lack of vitamins, which must be sprayed (accumulates toxins), moreover, it is contraindicated in health to many.

The ideal time for pruning is the period after the plant has flowered. Actinidia is also pruned in late autumn. At this time, you can thin out plants, cut out weakened branches, remove frozen tips on the shoots.

1. In order for the cuttings to take root well, it is necessary to provide them with a temperature regime (+18 degrees Celsius), humidity above average and access to sunlight. Once a day, it is recommended to spray the cuttings with a spray bottle.
2. 1. Argut:
3. The above plant has the following characteristics:
4. Not resistant to frost, which can be in late spring, damaging shoots and flowers;

Conditions for keeping actinidia

A wide variety of soil is suitable for a plant. However, there are limitations:

Actinidia is pollinated by wind or insects - bees, bumblebees. The exception is actinidia kolomikta, in which female plants, in the absence of male plants, are pollinated with their own pollen, but the yield is much lower.

1. For planting and caring for the actinia, it is preferable to choose winter-hardy and unpretentious varieties, for example, the actinidia kolomikta.
2. Immediately after pruning the actinidia (I usually prune right after the leaves fall) - select the best actinidia. The selection principles are similar to the same process in grapes.
3. Actinidia fruits contain many small seeds that are hardly noticeable when consumed. Fruits vary depending on the species and variety: colomic and polygamous - 3-6 grams; argut - 5-25 grams; kiwi - 50-200-330 grams (the latest new variety recently introduced in the United States). The productivity of lianas is also changeable: kolomiktovye - up to 3 kg, argut - up to 50 kg, kiwi - up to 250 kg.

Pruning self-fertile actinidia

Yes, what about the wine? Have you tried wine, actinidia liqueurs? In terms of usefulness, medicinal value, only Chinese lemongrass (by the link you can read more about it) and kiwi have the right to compete. What a taste of Actinidia wine! The fruits of these vines have a very high content of vitamin C, and the Polygama variety has the highest level of carotene. Ripe actinidia fruits can be chewed with lips, they are tender, with a pineapple-strawberry flavor.

• The above plant is highly resistant to various diseases. Breeders note the following diseases that can affect actinidia:
• Saplings that are grown from cuttings will begin to bear fruit in two to three years.
• Hybrid;

Has a height of up to 25 m (sort of argut), up to 6 m (type of kolomikt);

Actinidia pests and diseases

Non-simultaneous ripening of berries;

• Floating clay soils are not suitable
• In actinidia kolomikta, the leaves turn white a few days before flowering, and then turn crimson, that is, the plant acquires variegation. In actinidia arguta, such variegation is not observed, its leaves are leathery, glossy, dark green, giving the liana an elegant look.

When describing actindia, it is worth mentioning that this is a dioecious plant: on some vines, only functionally female flowers are formed, on others - male ones. Single self-fertile forms are found in actinidia colomicta and argut. Fruit set from free pollination is 40-70%. But the best pollinators for actinidia are some species of insects, and for kiwi - honey bees.

Then arrange these cuttings according to varieties, put them on the soil and cover them with a half-meter layer of sawdust.

Calendar of works for the care of the above plant

The ripening time of the crop is different:

1. All actinidia have a harmonious complex of amino acids and salts necessary for a person, it improves the human immune system and is necessary for hypertensive patients, diabetics, children and old people who lose their eyesight, weakened. This vine is well adapted even to harsh climatic conditions (frost resistance up to - 46-50 degrees, and kiwi - up to -30 degrees, although the Americans have already bred a variety by crossing polygamy and kiwi that can withstand frosts and at -40 degrees).
2. Phyllostictosis of the leaves (brown spots);
3. Actinidia seedlings prefer a variety of soils, with the exception of floating clay soils, near which groundwater is located. Breeders recommend making good drainage for the plant. Therefore, tree lianas are best placed on slopes with water drainage, in elevated areas. This will prevent stagnation of water in the roots of the plant.
4. Kiev large-fruited;
5. Trunk up to 5 cm in diameter;
6. Ability to shedding.
7. Where groundwater is close. The main requirement is good drainage, which involves planting vines in an elevated place, since the plants do not tolerate stagnant water near the root system.

Interesting facts about actinidia

Young actinidia seedlings attract cats, which can severely damage young shoots. Cats love the distinctive ethereal scent of the plant. Therefore, after planting, you need to install metal mesh fences or wrap the planting from below with spruce branches.

• Reproduction of actinidia is carried out by vegetative and seed methods. Amateur gardeners propagate it by ripe and green cuttings, vertical and horizontal layering, through grafting, root suckers, stump shoots, dividing the bush. The seed method of reproduction of actinidia by amateur gardeners is not practiced, since seed offspring are distinguished by strong variability of traits and the presence of a large number of male plants. Scientists breeders and originators of actinidia propagate by seeds and by the invitro method (meristem tissue), thus obtaining a healthy new planting material and introducing it into production.
• By the beginning of the spring planting season, when the soil warms up well (at least 12, or even better 15 degrees), remove the sawdust and take out the cuttings, cut with 1-2 buds and place each cutting with the lower end in water (preferably distilled or rainwater) a then they can be planted obliquely into the ground well flavored with peat or deciduous soil, you can also compost (light).
• Kolomictovaya and giralda
• This genus has more than 30 species of perennial woody lianas. All types of actinidia are very beautiful decorative lianas with annual fruiting. On the territory of Russia, the following are known:

How is actinidia used?

Fruit rot on berries.

Intensive growth of actinidia is noted on acidic and slightly acidic soils fertilized with organic mixtures. But in no case should they contain lime. The plant does not tolerate this feeding. Also, it is not recommended to add calcium chloride under actinidium.

Curly;

High growth rate of plant shoots (up to 2 m per season);

Each of these shortcomings cannot be considered significant. Since, thanks to the reserve of "dormant" buds, actinidia is capable of rapid recovery, it begins to be covered with new foliage and shoots.

Actinidia - care, planting, reproduction and varieties of actinidia.

Actinidia kolomikta, arguta and other varieties - cultivation, reproduction, planting and care

For vigorous growth, vines require soil rich in organic fertilizers. The soil can be acidic or slightly acidic, without lime admixtures.In addition to lime, actinidium does not tolerate potassium chloride.

Planting is best done in the spring. The depth of the planting pits or grooves is 60 - 70 cm, the depth is 40 - 60 cm. Nutrient soil, 10-12 kg of humus and 100-200 g of superphosphate are introduced into each pit. Drainage is placed on the bottom - a layer of fine gravel, large expanded clay or broken brick. The distance between plants in a row is 1.5-2.5 m.

Actinidia - beneficial properties

When actinidia is propagated by lignified cuttings, shoots are cut after leaf fall and stored in the basement in wet sawdust at a temperature of 2-5 ° C or dug in the garden and securely covered in a snow pile. Before growing actinidia in this way, cuttings with 2-3 buds are cut from the shoots in the spring, the lower part is treated with root-forming stimulants (Kornevin) and planted in the ground or greenhouses, or under a simple shelter. The output of seedlings by autumn is small, within 50%.

Actinidia - varieties

From above, I recommend putting a damp cloth on all this structure, which will not create a greenhouse effect (retain heat) but will allow water to pass through. Hold the fabric on the cuttings for about a month and remove.

- mid-summer, the rest - from late August to September. Kiwi fruits can already be removed from the end of August, but I try to harvest before frost, more sugar accumulates.

• Kolomiktov:
• It should be noted that in order to combat the above infections, the affected fruits and leaves are collected and destroyed.
• It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to plant actinidia after actinidia. An undesirable neighbor for the above plant is the apple tree. Better to plant actinidia near black currants.
• September;
• Fibrous root system, with skeletal roots;

The second disadvantage can be turned into an advantage if we consider that the period for using fresh fruits is extended. The problem of crumbling is solved by using a bedding under the vine of clean paper or film.

• The vine root system is located close to the soil surface and is located directly under the loosened litter, which remains moist for a long time.
• Before planting, it is helpful to soak the roots of the actinidia in a clay mash. Plants are planted 2-3 cm below the root collar.
• Green cuttings are the main method of growing varietal actinidia seedlings. Cuttings are harvested at the beginning of lignification of the shoots in June. On cuttings 12-15 cm long, 2-3 lower leaves are removed, dipped in boiled cooled water, the lower part of the prepared cutting is treated with Kornevin powder and planted in a loose disinfected substrate to a depth of 2-3 cm. Artificial fog conditions are created for the planted cuttings, regularly ventilated and moisturize. With good care, rooting of cuttings occurs in two to three weeks. By autumn, cuttings form a powerful root system and shoots up to 40-60 cm long, which can be used for planting in autumn or spring.
• Saplings grown from cuttings will yield a harvest in 2, 3 well, the longest 4 years.
• But if frosts have passed through the unrecovered fruits, the fruits do not persist for a long time, in this case they must be processed: jam, jams, wine, liqueurs, or stored in the refrigerator. Kiwi fruits, taken before frost at a temperature of 0-10 degrees, can be kept fresh for up to 8 months (on shelves in the pantry). The harvest of other varieties of actinidia is consumed or processed immediately. In autumn, as soon as ripe fruits begin to fall off, we cut them all off, spread them in the shade with a layer of up to 5 cm, where all the fruits ripen together for several days. Then they are dried (raisins), they are used to prepare jam, compotes, wine, liqueurs. Of course, kiwi fruit is best consumed fresh. Their hard fruits, if brought into a warm room, become soft, fragrant, and of excellent taste in a few days. In the West, in Australia, kiwi fruits are indispensable in a salad, like we have tomatoes.Kiwi cut into slices decorate cakes, all kinds of salads. In the East, they believe that with the daily use of one kiwi fruit, you do not threaten cancer. And it's understandable - after all, this is the balance of the body.
• Clara Zetkin,
• A dangerous pest for actinidia is cats that like to gnaw off young shoots and dig in the roots of the plant. Therefore, it is important to fence the woody liana with a wire mesh, and cover the top.

In no case is it allowed to dig the soil around the tree-like liana. The maximum that can be done is to carry out shallow loosening.

• Actinidia Argut is self-fertile.
• The maximum minus temperature that the actinidia plant can withstand is -30 degrees Celsius;

Breeders were able to breed individual plant varieties in which the fruit does not crumble after ripening.

Vines are usually planted in the spring. Plants must be planted when they are three years old, but not later than four years old. A hole is made for planting or a ridge 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep, into which drainage is poured in the first layer in the form of pebbles, small pebbles or broken bricks.

After planting, the saplings are watered abundantly (2-3 buckets per plant) and the soil is mulched with peat, compost, rotted sawdust.

When actinidia is propagated by layering from a healthy, productive plant, strong annual branches are taken and pinned into prepared grooves. During the season, when the shoots grow back, they carry out repeated hilling, watering and feeding. In autumn, the layers are separated from the mother plant, cut according to the number of developed shoots, plants with a well-developed root system are selected, and the rest are planted in another area for growing.

But if you plant splits on the seedling (this can be done from November to January inclusive), then the harvest can be accelerated and be with fruits the next year.

This plant is a perennial tree-like liana, it requires support in the form of a trellis, a pillar with a cross at the top, or a beautiful gazebo. I believe that the supports should be no higher than 2.5 m, which does not create difficulties in pruning vines and harvesting. I think the distance between the vines is 3-5 meters (male plants are not counted, they can be planted at the border of the site).Pineapple,In order for the plant to grow intensively and bear fruit well enough, it is important to carry out the necessary work on the care and maintenance of actinidia on time:

Plants are planted in spring to a depth of 70 cm. Gardeners are advised to add a little fertilizer to each hole: about 10 kg of ordinary humus and 100 grams of superphosphate. It should be noted that the planting of actinidia is carried out in early spring.

Actinidia - care

2. Interspecies:

Kiwi that has entered fruiting is more frost-resistant than non-fruiting;

Actinidia - landing

(At Moskvichka and Moma).

Crushed stone is not suitable for this purpose for construction, since it contains lime that is not tolerated by the vine.

For pollination, male and female plants are planted in a ratio of one male to 10-15 female (there may be less female).

Vaccination of actinidia is rarely used, but the most advanced gardeners use it when growing varietal plants, grafting a dormant stalk onto a stock of seed origin using the "twisting" method at the very beginning of the growing season or making budding in July "in addition" by taking a peephole (bud) from a growing varietal plant ...

Actinidia variety "Poligama" also reproduces well by layering.

Reproduction of actinidia

For many years of observation, practice, I was convinced that this plant is both shade-tolerant and not very demanding on the soil, although it prefers sour, light, humus-rich soils. Does not tolerate waterlogged and calcareous soils. Dense soils are dangerous during prolonged drought, cracks in the soil tear the roots. This is why the soil structure does not have to be dense.

Victory,

In April, shelters are removed from young tree-like lianas. This is the time when the actinidia is planted.

At the very bottom of the pit, you first need to place drainage, which can be stones, expanded clay or broken brick.

Giralda;

Mid-August - fruit ripening period;

Actinidia are fertilized in accordance with their age and capacity. Recall that vines do not tolerate lime and potassium chloride, which should be excluded from feeding, in contrast to fertilizers for feeding roses in spring, discussed here

About 10 kg of organic fertilizer is introduced into the hole in the form of humus, peat or compost, as well as a mixture of mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate or wood ash).

Plant supports should be installed immediately after planting.

Actinidia is placed on the southern or eastern side of the house or gazebo, departing from the structure 1 m. In the backyard garden, it is enough to have 2-3 female and 1 male plant. Planting actinidia is best done in the spring. For planting, a two-year planting material is used. A landing hole measuring 60 x 60 cm is prepared on the eve of planting. A large drainage is laid at the bottom of the pit, filled with rotted plant compost mixed with garden soil, full fertilizer of the autumn type is applied at least 250 g, the root collar of the seedling is buried 5 cm, watered abundantly, cut into two buds, spud and then mulched in winter. Landings are placed at a distance of 2-2.5 m from each other. For the normal development of actinidia, trellises are installed: the first wire is pulled at a height of 50-60 cm from the ground, the upper one at a height of 200-250 cm and vertical wires or cords are pulled. Actinidia shoots are tied up in the same way as grapes.

Once my eldest son gave me a taste of kiwi wine, only settled down, "fu, what disgusting!" - I said. A year later, I tasted the bottled wine and was amazed by the extraordinary excellent taste. "What is this wine?" I asked. "This is kiwi wine, dad, but it's already a year old." That's it, the older the better!

When planting actinidia, the shoot is cut to 2-4 buds, holes 60 × 60 cm, to the bottom drainage - stones, old sticks, hemp, a bucket of humus (or a mixture of sod soil with deciduous humus), a spoonful of superphosphate or half a glass of wood ash (not coal !). The planted plant must be well watered and preferably mulched around with either peat, or humus, or fallen leaves (garbage). Mulching is done annually.

Kolomikta

In May, gardeners are advised to feed the tree liana with organic fertilizers. Also this month it is recommended to loosen, weed the soil around the actinidia. If the weather is too dry in May, gardeners are advised to water the plant and mulch the soil.

Plants are planted at a distance of up to 2.5 m. Before planting a tree liana, its roots are moistened in a clay mash.

Polygamum.

The fruits of the plant are distinguished by a round or oblong shape, from light to dark green in color;

According to numerous studies and observations, it can be concluded that the most resistant to frost is the actinidia kolomikta, in which most of all shoots survive. Shoots of actinidia polygamy and argut, which did not have time to ripen by the autumn period, are damaged.

First of all, fertile soil is poured, then a mixture of fertilizers, soil and sand comes

During the fruiting period of actinidia, the soil is kept under black fallow. They dig up the ground shallowly, since the root system of actinidia is located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm. In hot weather, the plants are watered. It is useful to mulch the soil with peat, humus, sawdust with a layer of 10-12 cm.

The first two years after planting, actinidia should receive everything for the powerful development of shoots, and only in the 3rd year of life they begin to form it on the support.The formation of actinidia is carried out according to the principle of the vine. In the southern region, actinidia is formed on a trellis like a vertical cordon or candelabra palmettes. You can form a free-form plant on a pergola or near a gazebo. In the spring of the two buds left after pruning, two strong shoots develop. Then, but in the fall, one of them is again cut into two buds. The overwintered long shoot in the spring is tied to the lower wire at an angle of 45 °, on which vertical shoots that bear the crop grow. They are guided along vertical wires or along a twine, and two more strong shoots sprout from the eyes left after trimming. The cycle is repeated every year. Two strong shoots bear fruit on the bushes. In the fall of the second, and then the third year, the very first shoot is cut out and replaced with those that have grown over the summer. The seedling is protected with a fine-mesh mesh from gnawing young shoots by domestic cats, which gnaw the bark and buds in the root collar zone. This can cause stunted growth or death of the plant.

I have thirteen varieties of kiwi and six varieties of actinidia. Actinidium I collected ten varieties, but my plot of eight acres did not allow me, so I transferred part of the varieties to the institute, nursery, academician V.A. Gryazev. On six hundred square meters under kiwi, I received up to 2.5 tons of fruit. Of the actinidia, the most productive is the Kiev large-fruited.

The root system of actinidia is very powerful, but up to 70% of the roots are in the surface layer of the soil, therefore only slight loosening of the soil with mandatory mulching is permissible (in summer it is good with grass).

Etc.

In June, it is desirable to ensure that the plant receives the required amount of moisture. It is also important to do a little loosening and weeding of the soil. At this time, cutting of green cuttings is also carried out.

Actindia fruits and leaves

In addition, breeders recommend planting one male for 10-15 female plants - for better pollination.

3. Kolomiktov:

Fruit taste - from sweet and sour to freshly sweet;

Video about the secrets of planting actinidia and caring for it.

... A liana is planted on a hill, while the root collar should not deepen. After that, you should water well (several buckets of water for each planting). Then the soil is covered with peat or compost. It is necessary to maintain a distance between landings of two meters.

Fertilizers are applied in the fall during digging at the rate of 1 sq. m: 2-3 kg of humus, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt, and in the spring - 20-30 g of ammonium nitrate. It is also helpful to fertilize actinidia before flowering with phosphorus fertilizers.

How to grow actindia

From the age of 10, rejuvenating pruning is carried out annually in the actinidia bush, replacing old branches with young ones.

Now I have a dream - to get actinidia of a new selection from the USA. Through loved ones living there, I want to get cuttings or seedlings next year: Kiwi Blake is self-fertile, Cambridge is self-fertile, Elmvid is a fruit up to 330 grams, Carioca is the most delicious, Sanikhton is the most frost-resistant (up to -44 degrees), etc. The nursery is located near the city of San Diego, in the southwestern United States.

The best fertilizer for actinidia is organic fertilizers in spring, ash - by autumn.

Argut:

In July, in addition to weeding, loosening and watering, it is important to tie up the plant. It is also necessary to remove excess shoots.

Actinidia care is carried out as follows:

Pineapple;

How to plant actindia cuttings

Light-loving plant;

As mentioned above, culture is

Actinidia requires some care every year:

How to plant actindia by layering

When grown on a trellis, plants are formed in the form of a fan and horizontal cordons. In autumn or spring, before the start of sap flow, when pruning, broken, underdeveloped and thickening shoots are removed. At the same time, annual shoots are shortened, leaving 25-30 cm in length..the shoots are tied to the trellis, evenly distributing them in the plane of the support.

Get a good pruner and lopper before pruning the actinidia properly. Pruning actinidia is carried out according to the principle of a vine in autumn or summer, spring pruning is not recommended, as it causes "crying" and desiccation of vines. After pruning, the shoots of actinidia should be removed from the support and covered in the winter.

The culture of actinidia is a gift from God for people in such a difficult and unpredictable time. This is food, medicine, longevity, and ease of growing and care. For Russia, actinidia have no borders.

The formation of a bush, pruning is done in the fall immediately after leaf fall.

Pruning actinidia: how to properly prune actinidia

Kiev large-fruited - (the largest berry is the most productive);

Harvested in August. After harvesting the fruits, it is recommended to feed the plant with minerals and organic fertilizers.

Before flowering, a tree liana is fertilized with phosphorus.

Clara Zetkin;The culture loves moisture, but does not tolerate excessive amounts of it;

A storehouse of vitamins and minerals

Weeding;

Actinidia is not removed from the tapestries. For the winter, young plants are covered around the root collar with peat or humus.

Caring for actinidia plants during the growing season is reduced to systematic weed control, maintaining the soil in a loose state, moderate watering and timely fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. Actinidia is responsive to organic and mineral fertilizers. In the spring, at the beginning of the growing season, 20 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 sq. m of the nutritional area of ​​a fruiting plant or a complete fertilizer of the Fertik type, which includes all the macro- and microelements necessary for a plant. When caring for actinidia, fertilizers are applied for the second time for the autumn digging with an increased content of phosphorus and potassium, which contribute to a better overwintering of the plant.

Actinidia varieties

​

On the trellis (how to make a trellis for actinidia and other climbing garden plants, see the following link - Do-it-yourself trellis), by pruning, form a fan and a horizontal cordon. Free form is inherent near gazebos, near houses, where up to 5 stems are left. With a trellis - in the first year, 1-2 of the most developed shoots are selected, tying them to the bottom row of wire, and already next year, branches of the 3-4th order are formed on the second row of wire, which usually already bear fruit.

Hybrid,

The harvest is also in September.

Features of actinidia

In the fall, actinidia is fed with humus, potassium salt, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate.

Self-fertile actinidia Kolomikt;

Spring pruning is strongly discouraged.

... The amount of natural vitamin C depends on the type of plant. The fruits of lianas contain several times more vitamin C than black currants, and dozens of times exceed citrus crops.

Watering - manual or using automatic lawn watering systems described in the material;

Planting actinidia

Actinidia are active. When propagated by seeds, they should be kept in the dark, the place should be cool and dry. In the spring, the seeds are sown in seedling boxes. After 17 days, you can already observe the first shoots of actinidia. When the first leaves appear, you must immediately dive them either into the garden bed or into a container.

See also

Sweetheart, etc.

The vegetation of actinidia is very high, in order to prevent thickening and strong interlacing of the shoots, summer pruning is also necessary every 4-6 weeks (shortening of shoots, pinching). I carry out the shortening of non-fruiting shoots visually - up to half a meter, after 4-6 weeks again up to half a meter of new growth, and the last pruning - after the foliage has fallen off. Shoots of the current year are shortened to 5-8 buds.

September,

Actinidia care

In October and November, actinidia is pruned to form a bush. Although the above plant is also distinguished by high frost resistance, it is all just important to have time to cover young tree-like vines for the winter to sub-zero temperatures.

For a plant, it is useful to mulch the soil with humus, sawdust or peat with a layer of 12 cm.

Victory.

It should be noted that the actinidia plant can grow and bear fruit well for about 30 years.

In addition, berries contain a whole group of vitamins:

Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers;However,Reproduction of actinidia

Actinidia fruits taste like pineapple, have a rich chemical composition, have tonic and medicinal properties. Actinidia is called a berry of health and a living "caramel" for a reason. And for amateur gardeners, when communicating with each other, these are raisins, Amur gooseberries or even Far Eastern grapes. But the point is not even in the name, but in the fact that this berry surpasses many overseas fruits and berries in taste. One actinidia berry is able to satisfy the human body's need for a daily rate of ascorbic acid, which is 10-15 times more than in lemon. Actinidia berries are rich in organic acids: malic, citric, oxalic, succinic, as well as vitamins and biological substances, which are well preserved in processed products. The amount of sugars is up to 13%, including glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and rhamnose.

There is a slight difference from grape pruning. For example, fruiting shoots are not removed for replacement, as in grapes after harvest, but 2-3 buds are left after the last fruit.

Curly,Did you know that:In addition, actinidia takes cover for the winter to prevent young plants from freezing.

Pollination of this plant occurs with the help of wind or insects. It is interesting that this process can be carried out at fairly large distances: up to half a kilometer. For example, some species of colomicts and interspecies are pollinated independently. In this case, the harvest comes out small.

The fruits of the above plant are extremely beneficial for the human body. They contain in their composition:P, B1, B2, B5, carotene, polyphenols

The choice of soil for planting

Shallow soil loosening and thinning.The best way to propagate is by cuttingsGrowing actinidia at home or in the garden is definitely a useful activity. And, besides, it is also promising, at present varieties have been bred for different climatic zones and natural conditions. And also developed the appropriate agricultural technology.

Actinidia juice is able to break down nitrates. If we add to this the ability of actinidia to resist pests and diseases, to avoid the load of pesticides, to provide environmentally friendly products, then we have to sincerely regret that so little of it is produced. Unfortunately, this culture is not often found in amateur gardens, planting material is in short supply. Little is known about it and, as a result, gardeners themselves do not reproduce enough, and there are no nurseries for the production of seedlings.

Fruiting actinidia depends on reproduction, species and variety. Kiwi variety Monti bears fruit in the second year, and Kewaldi - in the 4th - 5th year, from seeds - after 5-7 years.

Vine planting technology

Purple,

In terms of the content of ascorbic acid, only wild rose can compete with the fruits of the above plant;

The above plant is unpretentious, but still requires some attention. The tree-like liana prefers to grow in the sun, although it feels good in the shade.

In one place, woody lianas can grow for more than 70 years.Carotene, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin B5;

Plant care

... Berries contain solids, natural sugars, pectin and organic acids. The fruits are rich in mineral composition with potassium salts, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.

• For vines, airborne humidification will be preferable, therefore, in dry and sultry weather, it is most effective to spray in the morning and evening. After the second year of life on a support, the formation of liana occurs mainly in the form of a multi-arm fan. Actinidia should not be removed from the trellis and covered for the winter.
• , Which is carried out in the summer, in contrast to the autumn planting of cuttings of roses.
• After all, the berries of actinidia or kiwi (this name sounds more familiar to us) are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, organic acids, and sugars. In terms of vitamin C content, actinidia is 15-20 times higher than lemon, many times higher than black currant and only slightly inferior to rose hips.
• The actinidia fruit is a multi-chambered berry of different shades, predominantly green, sometimes with a purple blush. The shape of the berry can be round, oval, cylindrical. Kiwi fruits, like other parts of this plant, are covered with dense reddish pubescence. The taste is very pleasant, sour-sweet, with a strong aroma, the flesh is tender, melting. The fruits contain up to 100 small brown seeds, which give actinidia a specific nutmeg hue.

Actinidia plant can be grown both by seeds and by rooting cuttings (both winter and summer). You can also propagate it for cultivation and grafting.

Arguta

1 or 2 actinidia berries provide the body with a daily requirement for vitamin C;The conditions for keeping actinidia are as follows:The yield of a vine depends on its type. Argut trees give the largest amount of fruits - up to 250 kg, colomikt ones - only up to 3 kg. The weight of the fruits themselves is also different: for example, polygamous ones have fruits weighing 6 grams.

Polyphenols;

Plant fruitsIt is necessary to know that in the spring the vine is not pruned, since even minor damage can cause "crying" during the movement of the vine sap, which can ultimately lead to serious weakening and even death of the plant.With this method, cuttings of a plant with several buds are cut. It is necessary to leave only the upper shortened leaflet. Then, for a day or two, the cuttings are placed in a container with distilled water or a solution of heteroauxin. After that, you can plant it in a prepared container, which is pre-filled with a substrate, which can be peat, sand or expanded clay.

• In its natural form, actinidia lives in the subtropical, tropical and temperate latitudes of East Asia - Indochina, China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. In Russia, this plant is found in the wild in the Far East - in the Primorsky Territory, on South Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands.
• Actinidia is a curly, tree-like, deciduous and very decorative liana that does not have antennae or suckers, but needs support. Its thin stem with large leaves can rise very high on the support. Actinidia leaves have the ability to change color during the growing season, which enhances the decorative effect of plants. Actinidia rises along the support thanks to circular counterclockwise movements of the young tops. Moreover, the entanglement begins from a height of 30-100 cm.
• I recommend storing actinidia seeds in a dark, dry, cool place, and sowing them in seed boxes in the spring. Seedlings of actinidia appear within 15-17 days. As soon as the first leaves (3-4) appear, immediately dive them either into cups or into a garden bed.

Etc.

About 700 berries of the above plant cover the annual need for ascorbic acid for humans;It is important to build supports for the plant.Recently in America, breeders have introduced a new variety of actinidia called Kiwi. So he is capable of producing fruits weighing up to 330 grams.

Minerals: salts of potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus;

Therefore, this culture can be safely called a unique plant that brings not only decorative benefits, but also thanks to the fruits, you can improve your health.

Video guide for gardeners

Disease and pest infestation is not common for actinidia in the western part of the country, but it can be harmed

Actinidia - multivitamin culture

The landing takes place at a certain angle, which is 30 degrees. A bud with a leaf does not fall asleep. Then watering and covering with a film occurs.However, specially bred varieties can be successfully grown in many regions of Russia.Look at the photo of actinidia - this is a vigorous liana, reaching a height of 6-8 m. This includes kiwi and actinidia arguta, small actinidia - actinidia kolomikta and polygamous, the length of which rarely exceeds 2.5-3 m. The most common in backyard gardens got actinidia kolomikta.

Still, the best method for propagating actinidia is the most common cuttings.Interspecies:For a family of 4, it is enough to have just one bush of woody liana to provide each of its members with an annual intake of vitamin C.

Provide her with additional watering in hot weather.

As for the harvest, the Giralda variety and all the colomicty fruits are harvested at the end of August, the rest until mid-September. Although, if you want more sugars to accumulate in the fruit, remove the kiwi closer to frost.

Dry matter;

Actinidia is a long-liver, it is able to live for 40 years in one place and actively bear fruit, without slowing down while increasing the mass in the number of fruits. The shrub is a woody liana, the berries of which contain a large amount of ascorbic acid. Before you start growing actinidia, you should familiarize yourself not only with planting methods, but also with the preparation of the planting site and the choice of a seedling.

When to plant actinidia in spring, summer in autumn, in what month: timing

It is recommended to plant a young actinidia sprout either in the spring, until active sap flow has begun, or in late summer - early autumn, namely: in the last days of August or in the first decade of September. But the best moment for planting is spring time.

The seedling at this moment is still in a dormant state, and if it is transplanted to a new place from the already incubated soil together with a lump, then it will not even feel the transshipment.

The landing is required to be carried out at the moment when the last snow has melted, and frost is no longer expected. In each region, this moment comes in its own way, so it is impossible to determine the optimal time for planting a plant.

The gardener needs to independently monitor the time of the onset of a comfortable temperature up to +10 C during the day, and at night the air degrees should stop at +5 C. The main thing is that during the transplant the fruit buds do not have time to swell and open.

In addition, you can delay planting and plant actinidia in late spring, after the buds have flowered. This method is used only as a last resort. Otherwise, it is better to refrain from planting.

Advantages and disadvantages of planting actinidia in the spring

Planting actinidia in the spring is the most optimal moment. This is due to many positive factors for the transplanted seedling. The following advantages of planting in the spring are distinguished:

1. When planting in the spring, before the buds swell, the root system has time to grow young roots, which allows flower buds and leaf plates to begin to develop in a timely manner.
2. It is possible to control the growth and development of the seedling. In the fall, when planting, harmful insects can settle in the cracks of the bark, in the spring their appearance is immediately recorded and quickly eliminated.
3. Planting in spring allows the plant to develop sufficiently and fully prepare for the winter cold snap.

The disadvantages of spring planting is the need for self-recording of weather conditions. If you miss the right moment, then the shrub will begin to release flower buds. When transplanted, actinidia can shed all flowers and channel nutrients for rooting.

When is it better to plant actinidia - in spring or autumn

Again, the best time to plant is spring. At this moment, with a correctly chosen rooting period, the plant begins to actively build up green mass and develop the root system.

If the planting of actinidia is carried out in the fall, then the procedure is recommended to be carried out, calculating a period of 2-3 weeks before the onset of the first frost. During this time, the shrub must completely take root, grow young roots on the rhizomes. In addition, during this time the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil as much as possible in order to have a good winter.

Carefully! If you choose the wrong time, then the plant will freeze during the first frosts, which threatens the complete death of the bush.

Thus, it is better to plant for actinidia in the spring. So the plant will definitely not die, it will be under constant control and will have time to fully develop the root system for a favorable transfer of winter low temperatures.

How to plant actinidia in spring - features and step-by-step instructions

In order for the plant to develop beneficially, grow and please with abundant and large yields, you should thoroughly prepare before planting. To get the most successful result from planting a seedling, you should choose the right place, a high-quality seedling, and also find out with which plants it is better not to plant actinidia next to it.

What should be a seedling

Before planting, you need to know exactly what the plant is planted for. If as a decor for a personal plot, then you can plant any seedling. If in order to obtain decent harvests, then you must first find a high-quality nursery in order to purchase male and female shrubs. If you plant plants of the same sex, then there will be no fruits.

It is best for plants of the female type to predominate, only in this case there is a possibility of obtaining high-quality fruits (for example, 1 male for 10-15 female).

It is optimal to purchase container actinidia for subsequent planting in the country.

Attention! Planting seedlings should be at least 2 years old, but not more than 4 years old. Otherwise, a younger bush will not be able to take root due to the lack of a well-developed root system, and an adult seedling will be sick for a long time.

Pick-up location

Actinidia prefers shady places for planting, but not a deep shadow. The best option for rooting is the west or east side. It is recommended to dig a hole near buildings or specially build a support in the form of a gazebo.

A wall or fence will be a good shelter from drafts and winds, and in the summer heat, they will hide the foliage from the scorching sun on the south side and protect from excessive moisture evaporation.

Landing area should be allocated large. Better if it is an elevation. The plant does not like nearby groundwater or stagnant phenomena, for example, you should not plant it next to a drain or near tree trunks.

What to plant with

When planting a liana in a personal plot, care should be taken that the plants do not interfere with each other. Negatively affect the development of actinidia adult fruit crops (apples, pears, plums) - trees with their powerful roots draw out all the nutrient moisture and nutrients from the soil, preventing the young sprout of the vine from fully developing.

In addition, if you plant actinidia next to tall tree, it will grow over time, completely encircle the tree, which will negatively affect the state of an adult fruit plant. And also there will be inconvenience in collecting fruits from vines.

If you plant a climbing shrub next to young cultures, then the liana, with its creeping shoots, will twine around the tree and strangle it at the beginning of development.

By the way! It is best to plant the shrub in the place where the currant used to grow!

What soil is needed

With good fertilization when planting, actinidia can live well on depleted soils. An excellent option for growing will be fertile, loose soil, with a neutral pH environment or slightly acidic soil (pH 4-5).

Soils of clay content with a high occurrence of groundwater are practically unsuitable. The plant categorically does not tolerate stagnant moisture.

Which planting hole to plant

To accommodate actinidia seedlings, sufficiently deep depressions are dug in the ground - up to 50 cm, while their diameter should be about 50-70 cm.

How and what to fertilize before planting

Then fertile soil is poured into the pit, thoroughly mixed with humus (peat or compost). You can add a tablespoon of superphosphate, but in this case, it is imperative to mix it well with the soil so as not to burn the roots of the plant.

Planting methods

Landing is carried out either by trenching or by bush. With the latter method, the plant is planted singly in a separate area. If the planting is carried out by the trench method, then planting is recommended to be carried out at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the neighboring plant, and between their rows there should be about 3.5-4 m.

Direct landing

After preparing the planting pit, the seedling must be removed from the pot, put in the hole and covered well with earth, carefully tamped so that there are no hollow places in the ground. Be sure to moisturize abundantly.

Video: planting actinidia in open ground

Care after landing

Having rooted the plant, you immediately need to water it abundantly. After the water has been absorbed, pour over and over again. Further mulching is recommended. For example, peat, expanded clay, straw or any other mulching material. This will protect against rapid evaporation of moisture from the root system.

By the way! Actinidia are very fond of nibbling cats, therefore, after planting, the plant must be protected in some way, for example, with a net.

Fertilizer for actinidia can be applied in the fall. It is desirable to feed with humus, ammonium nitrate, potash fertilizers.

In view of the fact that actinidialiana is, in the future it will be necessary to tie it up on trellises. Can also be shaped on gazebos.

Video: growing and caring for actinidia

Landing features in different regions

Different climatic zones separately affect the planting of the plant. But first of all, one should be guided by the weather conditions during the planned planting works.

The procedure for planting actinidia in the Middle zone (Moscow region), the Volga region and in general in the European part of Russia is carried out both in spring and in autumn. There are no peculiarities for growing vines, except for those already mentioned.

In the northern regions, planting actinidia was previously almost impossible, but after careful selection, special varieties were bred, distinguished by the necessary frost resistance, well tolerating any whims and sudden changes in the weather. Actinidia kolomikta of the following varieties is ideal for growing in the Urals and Siberia: Doctor Shimanovsky, Queen of the Garden, Wafer, Narodnaya, Nadezhda, Soroka, Grape, Lakomka, Prizebnaya, Moma and Adam. However, the climate is such that the only possible time for planting actinidia is Spring... In autumn, planting outside the European part of Russia is not worth it.

Possible mistakes when planting actinidia

When planting actinidia, you can make a number of mistakes that will negatively affect the development of the fruit vine.Allocate the following list of errors that are inherent when rooting a young seedling:

1. Choosing a low-quality seedling - if a plant does not show a green base when cut on the bark, but instead a brown one, then such a cutting should not be taken. He will never be able to fully grow.
2. Choose a planting site in deep shade, in a lowland or ravine - actinidia categorically does not tolerate moisture stagnation near the base or in the root system. The plant quickly begins to wither and die. This is due to the fact that the root system begins to rot and rot.
3. If you plant a plant next to a fruit crop, then you can expect any outcome: either the actinidia will strangle the tree, or a large tree will crush a young sprout with its roots.
4. Planting several trees of the same sex in one area - it is imperative to control the feminine and masculine principles. If you plant plants of the same sex, of course, there will be no fruit.

If you avoid fulfilling all or at least one point, you can hope that actinidia will grow into a luxurious bush with mouth-watering large fruits.

Thus, it is better to plant actinidia in the spring, while monitoring the choice of planting material and the place of deepening into the soil. If you root the plant on poor land, then you can not wait for bountiful harvests and large berries. Proper care of actinidia will help to grow a healthy shrub, which will later generously reward you with a large harvest of delicious fruits.