We grow makhorka at home

Mahorka rustic tobacco cultivation

In this article, you will learn how to grow shag and what to do with it later.

1st of May.

I sowed two varieties of makhorka, this mopachoand some kind of local variety, which has been grown for 50 years and naturally no one knows the name.

Makhorka sown

You need to take a larger container for seedlings, because we will grow makhorka without picking. I took a small container, because I need no more than 5 bushes of each type. I rarely smoke it, let's just say: when you want something unusual. You can sow tobacco seeds directly into the garden and cover with cellophane, and then, when they grow up, choose plants and plant them in a permanent place.

The makhorka seeds are larger than those of tobacco and therefore after sowing, I sprinkled them with soil about 5mm. unlike tobacco seeds, they will easily break through. After sowing, I put the container in the greenhouse along with the tobacco and covered it with a lid. Why do I start sowing in May, and not earlier, I wrote in the article makhorka.

9th May.

With the makhorka, I missed a little, namely by the fact that after sowing the seeds I put the container in the greenhouse. The nights are still cool and the seeds are frozen. It was decided to bring the container into the house, and after a couple of days, shoots began to show.

All plants love warmth and our shag is no exception.

May 20.

The seedlings of makhorka do not develop very well, and I associate this with my mistake. It was not necessary to immediately put the container in the greenhouse after sowing, but to keep it warm at home for a couple of weeks and then such problems would not arise.

Well, okay, ten bushes will grow anyway, and you don't make such mistakes. In theory, the seedlings should now be 5-7 centimeters in height, and I have little suffocations. So I think, maybe they can be seated in separate glasses.

26 of May.

Tobacco seedling pests

Woke up this morning and saw something.

This slug ate all the seedlings of the makhorka. Maybe he was certainly not alone, but the fact is on the face)). Of course, I was not particularly upset, since the makhorka was sown to write this article and this snail even survived with a belly full of delicious makhorka. The seeds have been sown again and the article will be finished. At the same time, I will check how everything will ripen with such late crops.

June 13.

The newly sown makhorka seeds look like this today:

On the left is a mopacho, an order of magnitude behind the local makhra. I think in a couple of weeks it will be possible to plant it in open ground.

June 19.

The makhorochka is growing, with a delay of almost a month. In a week or two, when I get to the village, I will plant it on the mainland. Now she is like this:

I thinned it out.

3 July.

Disembarkation of the makhorka

The makhorka has grown well in two weeks. If the snail had not eaten the seedlings, then such seedlings should have been by the first of June.

Since I got to the village, the makhorka was immediately set free.After disembarkation, it will be watered for three days in the morning, tk. the weather is hot now. When she takes root, she will no longer see watering.

July 16.

The makhorka has grown in two weeks and by the end of August, the beginning of September it should be ripe.

In the foreground there are six local makhorka bushes, in the far field there are seven mopacho bushes.

July 28th.

Makhorka is growing at a fast pace, it rains more than necessary.

Has already begun to bloom.

Makhorka, in contrast to tobacco, I have never been sick with anything. In this regard, she is a big plus.

August 14th.

The makhorka is blooming with might and main. True, after the photo session, I cut off all the flowers to ripen faster.

When the makhorka ripens

The lower leaves of the makhorka began to ripen. A kind of rust began to appear on the leaves. The photo can be seen.

When such rust appears on most of the leaves, it means that the makhorka bushes are ripe. I will be chopping bushes in a week and a half, two. If the seeds had sprouted normally, the bushes would have already been removed.

August 28.

Cleaning the shag at home

So the season has come to an end. The makhorka is ripe and the lower leaves have already begun to turn yellow.

The bushes were cut and piled up for a couple of three days.

Drying the makhorka at home

After the shag bushes are dry, you can begin to process them. You can chop with grains along with the trunk or cut some leaves. How you can cook chopped shag, read the shag article.

P.S. Summing up, I will say: growing makhorka, unlike tobacco, is the most unpretentious, even with such a late sowing, it matured perfectly and I did not meet any diseases in it.

Delicious smoke to you!

If you have any questions, ask in the comments or write to the mail.

It is not difficult to grow tobacco or makhorka; these crops have no more secrets than vegetables. True, you will have to tinker with the post-harvest processing of tobacco - fermentation to make it aromatic. But this is no more difficult than canning cucumbers. If you smoke, boldly follow the path of the ancient Indians, from whose "personal plots" tobacco came to us.

If makhorka grows everywhere: from the south of Russia to the Arctic, then tobacco is more thermophilic. He succeeds well south of 55 ° north latitude, approximately this line passes through Ryazan, Smolensk, Ulyanovsk, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo.

Tobacco varieties for cultivation

It is better to choose zoned varieties. So, Trapezond Kubanets and Trapezond 162 are recommended along with the North Caucasian for the West Siberian region. Sigarny 17 and Bryansky 91 are considered the best for the Central, and Trapezond 15 - for the Central Black Earth Region. Most varieties have been created and zoned for the North Caucasus, where tobacco is a traditional culture.

On a personal plot, I advise you to plant Trapezond 15 and Trapezond Kubanets. They ripen in 100 days, a month earlier than many other varieties. Plastic - quickly adapt to different climatic conditions, while maintaining good smoking properties.

Beds and tobacco seeds

The average smoker smokes up to 8 kg of tobacco per year. Based on this, we will determine the planting area so as not to look at the tobacco kiosk for a whole year.

Under favorable conditions, about 30 g of smoking tobacco can be obtained from one plant, and six to seven plants can be placed per 1 square meter. The planting density of large-leaved varieties is 70 x 30 cm, and the planting density of medium-sized tobacco and makhorka is 70 x 20 cm.It turns out that you need to grow 270-300 plants, occupying about 40 square meters. m. plot.

The seeds of the crops in question are as small as dust. In one gram there are about 12.5 thousand pieces of tobacco seeds, makhorka - 4 thousand pieces. To get the annual "norm" of a smoker, you need to sow only a quarter of a gram of tobacco seeds or three-quarters of a gram of tobacco seeds.

Sowing and planting tobacco

Tobacco and makhorka are grown through seedlings, with or without a pick. The seedlings are 40-45 days old. It works well in a greenhouse, greenhouse, on a sunlit windowsill in a room - in a flower pot or wooden box, where nutrient soil is poured in a layer of 8-10 cm.

It is easier to sow dry seeds, but better to sow seeds. In this case, 4-5 days before sowing, the seeds in a cloth must be soaked in warm clean water, you can add a few drops of tartaric acid or a few crystals of potassium nitrate to it. Soaking time is 24 hours. This accelerates seed germination, reduces the time for forcing seedlings by 5-7 days.It develops better, yields increase.

Then rinse the seeds, remove excess water and put on germination in an enamel or earthenware dish in a warm place, and it is better not to cover. Moisten the rag periodically. Usually on the 3-4th day the seeds are pecked: white "dots" appear. A sprout longer than the seed should not be allowed to form: such sprouts break off easily. When two-thirds of the seeds are nibbled, they must be dried to flowability, mixed with well-disinfected fine sand or crushed humus. If germinated seeds cannot be sown immediately, then they can be stored for a day or two at a temperature of plus 1-2 ° in the refrigerator.

Important! The seeding depth is no more than 0.3-0.5 cm for tobacco, 0.7-0.8 cm for tobacco. Sprinkle the seeds with humus and sand (3: 1). Water the soil before and after sowing through a thick strainer.

Watering small-seeded crops is a delicate matter. It is impossible to overmoisten, as well as overdry the seedlings. It is best to water a little, almost daily. Before the “cross” phase (cotyledons and two true leaves growing across) usually consume only 0.5 liters of water per sowing box; keep crops where it is warmer + 23 + 25 °. Then it is desirable to lower the temperature to 20 °, and double the watering until the “ears” phase (3-4 true leaves usually stick up). It is better to dive seedlings in the "ears" stage.

Sprinkle the seedlings with fertile soil two or three times and feed them with a solution of mineral fertilizers (for 10 liters of water, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of sulphate or potassium chloride). You can use an infusion of chicken manure: pour 1 kg into 10 liters of water, leave for 10-12 days for fermentation, stir from time to time. Strain the fermented mass and add 4-5 parts of water to 1 part of the liquid.

Seedlings are planted with a height of 14-16 cm, having 5-6 developed leaves, not counting the cotyledons, a stem 0.3-0.5 cm thick and a well-developed root system.

Seedlings should be hardened 7-8 days before planting, reducing watering and accustoming them to open air. 2-3 days before planting, watering not dived seedlings completely stop. Water the seedlings abundantly 2-3 hours before planting.

They start planting in the ground when the danger of spring frosts has passed, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm rises to 10 °, from about April 20 to May 25. Make holes along the prepared furrow, pour 0.5 liters of water into them and spread the seedlings. With your right hand, deepen the hole with a peg, place the seedlings vertically into it with your left hand, press the moist soil to the roots, and sprinkle dry soil on top so that the moisture evaporates less. It makes sense to plant extended seedlings deeper - additional roots will grow.

During the growing season, regularly loosen the soil, remove weeds, feed and water. You can feed based on the fertilization rates of tomatoes. Usually they are limited to two or three waterings per summer, spending 6-8 liters of water per plant. It itself will tell you: if the leaves have wilted a little, watering is needed. But it is better to underwater than overmoisten.

In flowering plants, break off the inflorescences (vershoking) and regularly remove the lateral shoots (pinching).

S. Cherkasov, candidate of agricultural sciences. The magazine "Household economy".

Tobacco growing, video

A plant like tobacco is not difficult to grow, but after harvesting it, fermentation is not a very fast process. But this is possible at home, and smoking tobacco grows almost everywhere, even in the Siberian garden. Growing tobacco at home on a windowsill is also not too troublesome for a beginner. The main thing is to provide him with proper care and conditions in the apartment.

Conditions for growing tobacco Additional lighting for tobacco

Before sowing tobacco on the balcony, you should remember that the plant is very picky about the choice of land, loves warm temperatures, but despite this it is unpretentious.

For scented tobacco, the content of minerals and salts in the soil, the presence of fresh air and heat are very important.Different plant conditions can affect the shades of the leaves and their length. And the aroma of smoking tobacco will depend on the humidity.

back to content ↑ Lighting

The plant prefers bright areas in the apartment with a lot of light and heat, so growing on the balcony in the warm season will be an ideal condition.

Temperature regime

The most ideal temperature for growing seedlings or the plant itself on a window is considered to be a temperature of 25 to 28 degrees Celsius. At lower temperatures, seedlings and mature plants of scented tobacco can stop growing or even die.

Capacity

In order to grow seedlings, the container must be large, this is mainly done in greenhouses or greenhouses. And at home, it is recommended to use a seedling box or a large pot; with strong thickening, a pick of plants is done.

Tobacco soil and fertilizer

The plant is planted in sandy loam soil with an abundance of potassium and nitrogen. It quickly pumps out all the nutrients from the soil. Therefore, scented tobacco must be fertilized often, doing it with mullein or bird droppings. If necessary, the soil is limed.

The optimal substrate for growing tobacco is soil with humus, garden soil and sand. They are mixed in a ratio of 2 to 1 to 1. Additionally, before planting seeds, the soil must be well watered.

They begin to feed the plant after planting on seedlings with the help of a slurry of manure and superphosphate. It can be processed using sulfur powder.

When the first inflorescences appear, the plant is treated with a solution of onion peels or garlic tincture.
A week after the first treatment, the bushes are once again treated with onion-based tincture. The third feeding takes place after another 7 days.

back to content ↑ Plant formation

Before growing a plant on the balcony, you need to properly prepare the seeds for planting. First of all, they are soaked on a wet cloth soaked in an antiseptic and left on the cloth for 24 hours. In this way, seed germination will increase.

After that, the seeds are washed, laid out on a saucer, and removed to a warm, bright place. The fabric is moisturized and sprouts await. The sprouts should not be larger than the size of the grains themselves, otherwise they will quickly break down and the plants will not take root and grow well.

Plants are transplanted after smoking tobacco has released at least 4 leaves. Before transplanting, the seedlings are watered and planted together with an earthen clod in a separate pot so as not to damage the root system.

It is recommended to plant seedlings in prepared holes, which are heavily spilled with water, a depression is made in them in the middle. Sprinkle the hole with wet soil on top, put a seedling in the hole and carefully sprinkle the root system with dry soil. This procedure will allow the roots to take root better and not lose moisture.

When the tobacco blooms, it needs to break off the inflorescences and remove the extra side shoots from time to time.

back to contents ↑ Planting instructions and care

Tobacco seeds remain viable for a long time, and therefore old seeds can also be used for planting. They will rise as quickly as fresh.
If the seeds are planted for seedlings to be planted later in the garden, then the age of the plants should be 40-45 days.

The planting principle, regardless of the future location of the plants and the planting site, is identical: the seeds are scattered over the soil, the soil is preliminarily watered. The maximum seed placement depth should not be more than 8mm.
They are slightly pressed into the soil, and lightly watered so that the soil does not erode, and the seeds do not sink into the soil.

It is better to pre-germinate tobacco on a damp cloth so that the seeds already have germinated sprouts.So, if you plan to get seedlings, you can get it faster by 7-8 days. For planting and good shoots, you need a temperature above 25 degrees. When tobacco grows, the gardener needs to loosen it often, weed, water and fertilize as needed.

In order to calculate the amount of fertilizer, you can focus on the amount of fertilizer for one tomato bush.

Tobacco is watered infrequently, even on hot days it is enough to water it 3 times a summer, but at the same time watering should be abundant. Better to let the plant suffer a lack of water than overflows. Their root system is powerful and the plant can take moisture from the soil for a long time. But before you pluck it and ferment it, the tobacco is well watered with settled warm water.

back to content ↑ Varieties of tobacco

There are several types of tobacco that can be successfully grown on a balcony or window.

• Variety "Kubanets". The average number of suitable leaves for processing is about 27 pieces. The time from planting the seeds to breaking it varies from 103 to 134 days.
• Meal 92. He practically does not get sick, ripens quickly (about 98 days pass from planting to breaking).
• Samsun 85. These bushes mature quickly and have a large number of leaves suitable for further processing (there are about 50 of them per bush).
• Jubilee new 142. Ripens quickly (the time from planting seeds to breaking is about 78 days). Nicotine in the leaves of this variety is from 2% to 2.1%. Unpretentious and practically does not get sick with diseases inherent in tobacco.
• Holly 316. The cultivar has a long growing season. It has a low nicotine content.

Similar articles:

Growing tobacco at home

It is not difficult to grow tobacco or makhorka; these crops have no more secrets than vegetables. True, you will have to tinker with the post-harvest processing of tobacco - fermentation to make it aromatic. But this is no more difficult than canning cucumbers.

If you smoke, boldly follow the path of the ancient Indians, from whose "household plots" tobacco came to us. If makhorka grows everywhere: from the south of Russia to the Arctic, then tobacco is more thermophilic. He succeeds well south of 55 ° north latitude, approximately this line passes through Ryazan, Smolensk, Ulyanovsk, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo.

Tobacco varieties for cultivation

It is better to choose zoned varieties. So, Trapezond Kubanets and Trapezond 162 are recommended along with the North Caucasian one for the West Siberian region. Sigarny 17 and Bryansky 91 are considered the best for the Central, and Trapezond 15 - for the Central Black Earth Region.

Most varieties have been created and zoned for the North Caucasus, where tobacco is a traditional culture. I advise you to plant Trapezond 15 and Trapezond Kubanets on your personal plot. They ripen in 100 days, a month earlier than many other varieties. Plastic - quickly adapt to different climatic conditions, while maintaining good smoking properties.

Garden beds and seeds

The average smoker smokes up to 8 kg of tobacco per year. Based on this, we will determine the planting area so as not to look into the tobacco kiosk for a whole year. Under favorable conditions, you can get about 30 g of smoking tobacco from one plant, and six to seven plants can be placed on 1 square meter.

The planting density of large-leaved varieties is 70 × 30 cm, and of medium-sized tobacco with leaves and makhorka - 70 × 20 cm.It turns out that you need to grow 270-300 plants, occupying about 40 square meters. The seeds of the crops in question are as small as dust.

In one gram there are about 12.5 thousand pieces of tobacco seeds, makhorka - 4 thousand pieces. To get the annual "norm" of a smoker, you need to sow only a quarter of a gram of tobacco seeds or three-quarters of a gram of tobacco seeds.

Sowing and planting tobacco

Tobacco and makhorka are grown through seedlings, with or without a pick. The seedlings are 40-45 days old.It works well in a greenhouse, a greenhouse, on a sunlit windowsill in a room - in a flower pot or a wooden box, where nutrient soil is poured in a layer of 8-10 cm. It is easier to sow dry seeds, but better - naklyuvannye.

In this case, 4-5 days before sowing, the seeds in a cloth should be soaked in warm clean water, you can add a few drops of tartaric acid or a few crystals of potassium nitrate to it. The soaking time is 24 hours. This accelerates the germination of seeds, reduces the time for forcing seedlings by 5-7 days.

It develops better, the yield increases. Then rinse the seeds, remove excess water and put on germination in an enamel or earthenware dish in a warm place, and it is better not to cover. Moisten the rag periodically.

Cigarette factory at home.

Usually on the 3-4th day the seeds are pecked: white "dots" appear. A sprout longer than the seed should not be allowed to form: such sprouts break off easily.

When two-thirds of the seeds are nibbled, they must be dried to flowability, mixed with well-disinfected fine sand or crushed humus. If germinated seeds cannot be sown immediately, then they can be stored for a day or two at a temperature of plus 1-2 ° in the refrigerator.

The seeding depth is no more than 0.3-0.5 cm for tobacco, 0.7-0.8 cm for tobacco. Sprinkle the seeds with humus and sand (3: 1). Water the soil before and after sowing through a thick strainer. Watering small-seeded crops is a delicate matter. It is impossible to overmoisten, as well as overdry the seedlings.

It is best to water a little, almost daily. Before the "cross" phase (cotyledons and two true leaves growing across) usually consume only 0.5 liters of water per sowing box; keep crops where it is warmer -23-25 ​​°.

Then it is desirable to lower the temperature to 20 °, and double the watering until the “ears” phase (3-4 true leaves usually stick up). It is better to dive the seedlings in the "ears" stage. Sprinkle the seedlings with fertile soil two or three times and feed them with a solution of mineral fertilizers (for 10 liters of water, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of sulphate or potassium chloride).

You can use an infusion of chicken manure: pour 1 kg into 10 liters of water, leave for 10-12 days for fermentation, stir from time to time. Strain the fermented mass and add 4-5 parts of water to 1 part of the liquid. Seedlings are planted with a height of 14-16 cm, having 5-6 developed leaves, not counting the cotyledons, a stem 0.3-0.5 cm thick and a well-developed root system. Seedlings need to be hardened 7-8 days before planting, reducing watering and accustoming them to open air.

2-3 days before planting, watering unpicked seedlings completely stop. Water the seedlings abundantly 2-3 hours before planting. They start planting in the ground when the danger of spring frosts has passed, and the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm rises to 10 °, from about April 20 to May 25.

Make holes along the prepared furrow, pour 0.5 liters of water into them and spread the seedlings. With your right hand, deepen the hole with a peg, place the seedlings vertically into it with your left hand, press the moist soil to the roots, and sprinkle dry soil on top so that the moisture evaporates less.

It makes sense to plant elongated seedlings deeper - additional roots will grow. During the growth period, regularly loosen the soil, remove weeds, feed and water. You can feed based on the fertilization rates of tomatoes.

Usually they are limited to two or three waterings per summer, spending 6-8 liters of water per plant. It itself will tell you: if the leaves have wilted a little, watering is needed.

But it is better to under-water than to over-moisten. In flowering plants, break off the inflorescences (topping) and regularly remove the side shoots (pinching). Cherkasov, candidate of agricultural sciences. The magazine "Household economy".

Growing tobacco in the garden - video

Our new services

An important point

Before you start growing tobacco, you should know that the properties of this product depend on the type of soil in which it grows. This plant can adapt to any conditions, regardless of the climate. But the plant itself prefers warmth.

The variety chosen for growing tobacco at home may well fall short of expectations, because these basic characteristics depend on the condition of the soil, temperature and excess air.

• The properties and type of soil will affect the color, size and even texture of tobacco leaves. The moisture content and mineral salts will affect its aroma. Excess air will give the tobacco taste.

The video will help you understand the intricacies of growing this plant, its varieties, the necessary conditions and little secrets.

What are the varieties?

To start growing tobacco from seeds, you need to purchase them in specialty stores. It is there that the two most popular varieties will be offered: Virginia and Rural.

These varieties best retain the desired tobacco characteristics. The most common and popular tobacco variety to use is Virginia. It has a delicate and mild taste. Although Virginia can adapt to any temperature regime, the best varieties grow in Brazil and Zimbabwe.

The processing of the Virginia variety is simple: a technology called "smoke drying" is used to preserve its important properties. You can learn more about this method by watching the video above, which details the cultivation of this plant.

Sowing and planting

So, it was decided - we grow tobacco at home. You can start with seeds or seedlings to learn the technique in detail on your own. After all, it is not only interesting, but also informative.

To grow tobacco at home, you need to use dry seeds or those that have been picked. You can get them if, a few days before sowing, they are soaked in a cloth with the addition of tartaric acid or a small amount of potassium nitrate.

This should be done for a day. This method will accelerate seed germination, increase productivity and development in general. After that, they must be washed, removing excess liquid, and placed in an enamel bowl in a warm place, periodically moistening a cloth.

In no case is germination of shoots longer than seeds allowed, as they can easily break off. When the sprouted seeds become free-flowing, they need to be mixed with sand or a special mixture. Late February and early March are the best time to plant tobacco at home.

Watering such plants must be done carefully: you cannot overmoisten or overdry the soil, then the tobacco will be fragrant and aromatic. Moistening should be carried out daily in equal amounts so that the moisture level in the soil does not fall or rise.

Fertilizing is very important in growing, which includes solutions of mineral fertilizers or chicken droppings.

A week before planting, tobacco seedlings need to be accustomed to open air by hardening them.

Landing

The site for planting tobacco should be chosen carefully. It is desirable that this is a specially designated place in which moisture does not accumulate. The tobacco should be protected from the cold wind. The soil should be loose and well fertilized.

Compost or manure is used as fertilizer. The site should be cleared of weeds before planting. Planting Virginia smoking tobacco should be done from about the end of April to the end of May, when the frost passes and the weather finally comes.

Seedlings of tobacco are placed at a distance of 20 centimeters, and a gap of 70 cm is left between the rows. This is necessary for the plant to be healthy and large.

In plants, it is imperative to break off the inflorescences and side shoots. When planting in the soil, the plants need the first feeding, for this, slurry with the addition of superphosphate is suitable. A solution of sulfur powder and water is also effective.

Such care will definitely give a good result. When inflorescences begin to appear, the tobacco bushes should be treated with an infusion made from garlic and onion husks. You need to repeat this procedure three times, with a break of almost a week, so that it turns out fragrant. Fertilizers that contain phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium will repel pests.

In order to avoid plant diseases, special chemicals should be used.

Harvesting

Already in August, you can start harvesting. The first thing to do is to break off the lower leaves of the tobacco. Then they are kept in the sun for two days, and then dried for a month in a dark and humid room.

For this, a shed is suitable, in which you can put dishes with water to maintain the moisture level. Tobacco consists of 4 tiers of leaves, which should be signed so as not to be confused. With each tier, it is necessary to do the same as with the previous one, only with a break of a couple of weeks.

They always start from top to bottom. First, the whole procedure is carried out with the top leaves, they are the most valuable, and then with the rest. Drying the leaves is half the battle.

That is, after that, there will be the last step to obtain an excellent scented material for smoking. To make quality cigars, you must use fermented tobacco. This procedure can also be performed at home.

It will not be difficult to make a special cabinet yourself, you can even do it from an old unnecessary refrigerator where a heating element and a device for temperature control are placed. It is necessary to understand that not every variety of smoking tobacco is fermented using the same technologies, therefore, in order to get a fragrant and tasty tobacco, learn from video lessons or books how to track fermentation. If we take into account all the nuances, then it will definitely be possible not to worry that the purchase of cigarettes is a big expense, because by growing tobacco for smoking on your own, you can significantly reduce costs and reduce the harm from smoking regular cigarettes.

Growing tobacco at home

Growing tobacco, in general, is not difficult, you just need to follow the rules of agricultural technology. It should be noted right away that tobacco is a thermophilic plant and most of all southern regions are suitable for its cultivation. Only a few types of tobacco are quite common, all of them do not represent decorative value and most of them are grown rarely and only by amateurs. The plant is about a meter high, and as follows from the names of all parts of the plant are covered with a sticky bloom.

This tobacco is very similar to country tobacco. The plant smells very unpleasant, with both flowers and leaves and stems. It is a very expressionless plant, usually used in group plantings as a background for other plants.

It blooms with tubular, yellowish-green flowers with a long flowering period, from June to September, and has a pleasant aroma that can be felt at dusk. It has white tubular, rather large flowers, on the outside in red strokes.

For the day, the flowers close and open only at dusk. Smoking or Virginia tobacco. This type of tobacco is an annual plant that grows naturally only in South America. Here it can reach a height of 3 meters.

№25 Tobacco Fermentation of tobacco Leaves moisturizing

Plants are not branched or slightly branched, depending on the variety. The size and number of leaves on the plant also depend on the variety. The flowers of this species are tubular, pink or red, collected in paniculate inflorescences.

The main value of the species is the size, thickness and number of leaves on plants. There are quite a large number of varieties and hybrids of this species.It is also worth noting that this type of tobacco undergoes a fermentation procedure before use, so that the leaves reveal their aroma.

This species is called makhorka by the common people. Annual plants, in nature grow only in North America. Plant height usually does not exceed 100-120 cm, flowers are yellow-green, stems are more branched than smoking tobacco.

Makhorka is a more unpretentious look and its leaves contain more nicotine than in Virginia tobacco. Varieties of smoking tobacco The following varieties of tobacco are the most common: Virginia, Bryansky Large-leaved, Holly, Samsun, Sigarny and Yubileiny. The cultivation technique for Virginia tobacco and for both makhorka is the same. grown in seedlings.

A greenhouse and a greenhouse are suitable for growing seedlings, and besides, there is also a warm windowsill, here you can grow seedlings in a well-drained planter box or just a flower pot. To grow tobacco seedlings, you should prepare a nutritious substrate, it is best to take natural fertilizers such as horse or cow dung. But fresh fertilizers should not be applied, humus will be ideal.

The ideal substrate is a substrate made up of two parts of humus, one part of the regular soil from your plot, and one part of sand. Before sowing, the substrate must be moistened. You can sow dry seeds, but more friendly shoots will turn out if the seeds are germinated.

For germination, seeds should be wrapped in a clean cloth or gauze 4-5 days before sowing and soaked in clean warm water. For better germination, you can add several crystals of potassium nitrate to the water.

In such a solution, the seeds should be kept for about a day, then rinse them well with water and put them on the same cloth. Put the cloth in an enamel or earthenware dish, place the container in a warm place, do not cover the seeds or dishes.

The cloth must be moistened in a timely manner. Approximately on the third or fourth day, the seeds will begin to hatch, wait another day and you can plant the seeds in the soil, do not allow the sprouts to grow too strong, otherwise they may break off.

The seeds can be sown one at a time, or they can be dried and mixed in dry sand and sown in bulk. The sowing depth of seeds should not exceed 0.5 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with a layer of sand mixed with humus in a ratio of 3: 1.

Watering the seeds should be done very carefully so as not to erode the topsoil. It is best to use a spray bottle for watering.

Also, do not allow stagnation of water and overflow of soil. If you use seedlings or flower pots for growing seedlings, as well as if the seeds are sown too close to each other, you will need to carry out such a procedure as picking. A pick should be carried out when 3-4 true leaves appear on young seedlings. Before picking, water the seedlings well and when the soil gets wet well, you can carefully transplant the plants into a greenhouse or separate pots for further growth and development.

The tobacco plant, like all other cultivated plants, should be fertilized for better growth. The following fertilizers can be used for feeding:

In 10 liters of water, you need to dissolve 30 grams of ammonium nitrate, 20 grams of sulphate or potassium chloride and water the plants with this solution. In 10 liters of water, you need to dissolve 1 kg of chicken manure and leave the solution to ferment for two weeks, stirring occasionally. After the solution has fermented, it can be used to fertilize young plants, but only before watering it should be diluted. Adding 4-5 liters of water to 1 liter of solution.

Transplanting to a permanent place in the ground should be started only when the threat of late spring frosts has passed and the soil warms up well.

If you grow tobacco in a greenhouse after the pick, you do not need to replant it anymore. Already matured plants with a height of 14 to 16 cm should be planted in the ground, already having 5-7 true leaves and a stem about 0.5 cm thick. A week before the planned transplant, the seedlings need to be hardened, reducing watering and accustoming the plants to open air and sunlight.Before transplanting, about 2-3 days, watering the seedlings is stopped, and watered abundantly only 2-3 hours before transplanting.

Plants are carefully removed from the soil and placed in pre-prepared holes. About half a liter of water should be poured into these holes.

Make a recess with a peg in the center of the hole and put a plant in it, then sprinkle the roots with moist soil and crush it well, and sprinkle the plantings with dry soil on top. This procedure helps to retain moisture near the roots for much longer.

For the whole season, it will be enough to carry out three dressings. The first feeding is carried out immediately after transplanting the plants into the ground, the second feeding is needed two to three weeks after the first, and the third, respectively, two to three weeks after the second.

For feeding, you can take a solution of chicken manure or any complex fertilizer. How to dilute the fertilizer is indicated on its packaging. Caring for tobacco plants is reduced to regular weeding and loosening of the soil near the plants. Good day, dear reader.

Today, we will talk about the rules for growing tobacco. To find out how whimsical tobacco is and what conditions are necessary for its cultivation, a native of the Krasnodar NGO for tobacco products will help us. As you know, in terms of climate, tobacco is more whimsical than the well-known makhorka.

A favorite of smokers, the product loves the sun and the mild southern climate. Makhorka, on the contrary, can grow in any climatic zone. It is known that from seven and a half to eight kilograms of tobacco falls on one would-be smoker a year.

One hundredth of a hectare of land under favorable conditions can produce up to forty kilograms of dry weight of tobacco. (considering that the weight of a dried tobacco leaf can vary from eight tenths of a gram to one and a half grams, and up to thirty-three usable leaves can be formed on a tobacco plant per season) As a rule, Russian lands become fertile soil for the growth of Holly 215, Trapezond , Trapezonda 15, Jubilee. And also for makhorka varieties: Pekhlets, AC 18/7, local Pekhlets, local Datura. The period from planting seedlings in the ground to the period until harvest is 135 days, makhorka - up to 80 days.

Forcing seedlings takes up to 45 days. Typically, there are four tenths of a gram of seed per square meter of field, and about seven tenths of a meter of greenhouses or greenhouses per hundredth of a hectare. Just such an area gives up to nine hundred plants.

You can grow tobacco and makhorka seedlings at home, usually in flower pots or wooden boxes. Before sowing, the seeds must be soaked in water. The soaking process takes only a day, while the temperature in the room should not drop below twenty-five degrees. The heat in the room catalyzes the process of seed ripening, which will shorten the period of forcing seedlings and increase the population of tobacco / makhorka. As a rule, you need to take about three milliliters of solution per gram of seeds. After a day, the seeds are washed, dried and laid out in several layers in a special dish. when sprouting, cover with damp gauze or cloth from above and leave either in a thermostat or in a constantly ventilated and consecrated room. Sprouted seeds are evenly distributed over the surface of the soil, slightly pressing them into it.

Then you should moisten the soil from a spray bottle. One square meter of the greenhouse area contains thirteen hundredths of a cubic meter of nutrient mixture, which includes two hundredths of a cubic meter: humus - 50%, earth and sand - 25% each. The average nutrient layer can reach ten centimeters in length. The optimal sowing periods are considered to be the third decade of February and the first decade of March.

Raw materials for sowing are used in the following proportions: one bucket accounts for up to four grams of tobacco (makhorka - up to twenty grams). Tobacco seeds are planted at a depth of up to five tenths of a centimeter, tobacco seeds - up to eight tenths.

Before and after planting seeds, it is customary to water, where there is one liter of water per square meter of land. After sowing, it is very important to ensure that the moisture level in the soil does not drop. The seed growth process is divided into specific phases:

1. Phase "Cross". This phase requires a liter of water per square meter per day; 2. "Ears". There are three to five liters of water per square meter. Also, each phase requires maintaining its own special temperature regime.

For example, until the "cross" phase from sowing in the greenhouse, the temperature should be at 23-25 ​​degrees, in the next - 20 degrees Celsius. Like other plants, tobacco and makhorka require mandatory feeding.

So during growing, seedlings should be sprinkled up to four times and fertilized. As a top dressing, a mineral fertilizer solution is usually used, which is prepared in the following proportions: ten liters of water, thirty grams of ammonia nitrate, up to sixty grams of superphosphate and either twenty grams of potassium sulfate, or twenty grams of forty percent potassium salt. For feeding, experienced gardeners use a watering can with a special nozzle, the holes of which are a quarter of a centimeter in diameter.

There are about ten liters of water per four square meters of nursery. Infused chicken manure is a good organic fertilizer. To prepare it, put a kilogram of droppings in a ten-liter container of water and leave to infuse for ten days.

Remember to stir occasionally. At the end of the period, the mixture will ferment and the resulting "result" can be filtered.

Add water to the strained litter solution: one part of the solution is five parts of water. A week before planting, the seedlings need to be hardened by reducing the number of water supplies, a couple of days before planting the seedlings, the water supply should be stopped altogether. Such a procedure will help you to increase the resistance of plants to unfavorable external factors, will give immunity to growing in the ground in the open air.

Well seasoned seedlings will not break even when you twist the stem around your finger. Water the seedlings generously a few hours before picking. It is usually chosen individually, thereby reducing the risk of sampling diseased or not yet fully developed plants.

Basically, plants are suitable for planting, reaching a height of fourteen to sixteen centimeters, with a stem thickness of up to three to five hundredths of a centimeter and with at least five leaves. Planting in the ground is carried out at the most favorable temperature and plants are planted at least ten centimeters in depth. Planting tobacco begins on April 20th and ends on May 25th.

The ideal planting density of tobacco is 70 by 30 centimeters, makhorka - 70 to 20. When planting seedlings along the drawn furrow, the holes are usually placed at a distance of at least thirty centimeters from each other for tobacco, and twenty for makhorka.

After landing, half a liter of water is poured into the holes. Remember: seedlings must be laid out along the furrow, turning the leaves to the left of the planter.

The planter positions the body so that he can deepen the hole with his left hand, and plant the plant with his right hand and cover its roots with earth.To help the plants adapt to the new environment and increase their growth, the roots of the seedlings can be dipped in mullein solution.

It is prepared from cow dung and an appropriate amount of clay. The excess solution is shaken off the roots, and the roots themselves are sprinkled with humus mixed with superphosphate. (1: 4) In order for the plant to grow successfully, do not forget to regularly loosen the soil, remove weeds, water the plant and treat against parasites, diseases. As soon as the tobacco (or makhorka) blooms, break off the upper inflorescences and side shoots. Watering the plants produced depending on humidity. Typically, one plant has six to eight liters of water.

There are several main diseases that should be actively combated: A solution of 0.3 percent polycarbacin or 0.4% zineb suspension is usually used against it. Five liters of such means are sprayed on one hundredth of a hectare of land. - Aphids;

When fighting aphids, experienced gardeners usually use actelik or rogor. The first of them is added 20-10 grams per ten-liter container, for the second 10-20 grams for the same amount of water.

Planting seedlings in the ground is carried out along strong thaws, when the risk of frost has passed completely.). When aphids appear, the plants are sprayed with actelik (20-30 g per 10 l of water) or rogor (10-20 g per 10 l of water). five or six tricks: Do not pick tobacco leaves when they are unripe or overripe, and do not pick them when wet.

The collected leaves are spread in layers thirty centimeters thick and folded in the shade. After about twelve hours, the withered leaves are attached to cords and hung on a drying facility.

Naturally, do not forget that the leaves will not dry out either in the rain or in strong winds. Drying in the sun should not last more than seventeen hours. By the way, it is after it that we get the final raw material for the product. In cloudy weather, the raw material dries slowly, acquires a darkish color. The dried tobacco must be removed carefully so that it does not crumble.

Lows with tobacco leaves are folded in four and fastened to a cord in bundles of six laces. (such a set is low with tobacco will be called a havanka). Havanka, as usual. They are hung on poles in a special storage room and left until autumn.

Then, in the fall, the tobacco leaves are removed, smoothed and packaged. Fermented tobacco is suitable for making cigarettes. In addition, this very fermentation can be done at home. An approximate fermentation algorithm:

Fold the tobacco into a container and heat for several days at a temperature of up to fifty degrees Celsius, while the air humidity should be kept within sixty to sixty percent. After the expiration date, the air humidity should be increased to seventy-five percent (the temperature remains unchanged) and the raw materials should be left. infuse for five days. The third stage will be a gradual decrease in air temperature over forty-eight hours and a parallel increase in air humidity to eight ten percent.

The fourth stage of fermentation will be to cool the tobacco to twenty-twenty-five degrees and reduce the moisture content to eleven percent. The tobacco cooling process lasts up to three days, after which the raw material is allowed to rest for a little less than a month. Tobacco is cut with fibers, the width of which reaches five to seven tenths of a millimeter.

Cigarettes are usually eighty-five millimeters long and eight millimeters in diameter. One cigarette accounts for eight tenths of a gram to one gram. High quality cigarettes are usually made by mixing different tobacco varieties.

The sale of tobacco does not constitute a priori problems, since due to the widespread use of cigarettes, tobacco business is a profitable business. Tobacco cultivation is carried out in the most unexpected corners of the world due to its high adaptability to various conditions of existence. The appearance of tobacco depends on the environmental conditions in which it lives.

Nicotiana tobacum began its commercial production in Virginia in the early 17th century, and it was later revealed that the climatic conditions of the southeastern United States are ideal for growing tobacco. Today, it is the United States that is one of the largest producers and exporters of tobacco worldwide. The first place among manufacturers of tobacco products is China, which itself consumes a significant part of its own crop. Tobacco is also actively grown in India and Brazil.

Materials:

In our country, cigar or cigarette tobacco can be grown in open soil only in the southern regions. As for the northern and central regions, they will need greenhouse structures for this. But makhorka has become widespread throughout Russia (with the exception of the Far North, of course).

Growing tobacco at home

Growing tobacco at home for the purpose of selling it was once considered a common activity for many families, and self-garden, as it was called, was a common commodity in the markets. This was largely due to the high cost of tobacco products, but later, when cigarettes became noticeably cheaper, this type of business began to decline. Be that as it may, even today the makhorka has a lot of admirers, so the question of how to grow it on your site is still relevant.

Contents of step-by-step instructions:

Let's say you are a smoker and live somewhere in the southern part of the country. You have several acres of land on which you would like to grow tobacco. In this case, you should start with simple calculations: one cigarette contains about 1 g of tobacco (the lower the quality, the less), which means that in a pack it is about 20 g. On average, a smoker needs one pack of cigarettes per day or from 6 to 8 kg of tobacco annually. If conditions are favorable, then one plant can produce up to 30 g of tobacco, while 6-7 copies can be planted on 1 m². If the variety is large-leaved, then the planting density should be 30x70 cm, and if we are talking about makhorka or plants with medium leaves, then 20x70 cm. It follows from this that in total it is necessary to plant from 270 to 300 plants, which will require about 40 m² ... Moreover, the tobacco itself in this case will be extremely strong, so it will have to be diluted with the stems. If this suits you, if you considered everything quite appropriate, or if you plan to sell products, then proceed according to the step-by-step instructions given in this article.

All parts of the plant contain nicotine

Note! All parts of plants contain nicotine - a powerful cardio and neurotoxin that leads to short-term euphoria (most of this substance is in the leaves - from 0.75% to 2.8%).

The article will focus on how to breed ordinary tobacco. If you give preference to Nicotiana rustica (this is the scientific name for shag), then you will not need most of the advice presented, since this variety is less thermophilic and easier to care for. In the regions of the middle lane, it is sown in May in open soil (under a film or any other covering material) so that it has time to develop and give a good harvest.

Growing tobacco on site

Traditionally, work should begin with the selection of planting material. There are tons of tobacco varieties available, but you should only choose local ones.

Table. Tobacco varieties zoned in the CIS

As for makhorka, we advise you to pay attention to such varieties as Datura 4, Pekhlets 4 and Pekhlets local.

Note! Then there is the Kentucky Burley, which has the advantage of being low in sugar, so the foliage doesn't ferment. Immediately after drying, the leaves are steamed and crushed for consumption.

Stage one. Germinating seeds

The cultivation technologies of tobacco and makhorka are in many ways similar, and the main difference lies in the same ripening period. So, makhorka ripens in 75-80 days, and tobacco, therefore, in 105-120 days. You also need to remember that seeds in this case are not grown in the garden, that is, in open soil - this should be done in a greenhouse or, alternatively, at home, using pots or seedling boxes.

Step 1. First, prepare the previously purchased seeds - soak them in a solution of tartaric acid (proportion - 3 ml per 1 g of grains) for 24 hours 2-3 days before sowing. The air temperature all this time should fluctuate within 25-30 ° С. This simple procedure will provide earlier ripening of seedlings (by about 7 days) and an increase in germination by 20%.

Step 2. After 24 hours, remove the seeds from the solution, dry them a little and place them in a ceramic / enamel dish with a 3 cm layer.

Step 3. Keep the material in this form for several days, moisturizing and stirring at least 5-6 times daily. As for the air temperature, it should already be 27-28 ° C.

Stage two. Preparing the greenhouse

In view of the fact that it is more expedient to grow tobacco seedlings in a greenhouse, we will focus on this option. So, take care of the nutrient layer, consisting of humus and sand in a ratio of 3: 4. Cover the greenhouse with the resulting mixture in a layer 10 cm thick.

The greenhouse must be covered with humus and sand

Seeds should be sown in the last days of February or early March, so make sure that the greenhouse structure is heated in addition. The area of ​​the structure will be insignificant, so this will not cause any particular difficulties.

Stage three. We sow seeds and grow seedlings

Step 1. Immediately before sowing, moisten the nutrient layer (water consumption during irrigation should be 1 l / m²). Over time, by the way, the watering rate will have to be increased to about 4 l / m².

Step 2. Sow tobacco grains superficially, evenly scattering them over the moistened soil. Consumption should be 4 g / m² (if sowing makhorka, then 20 g / m²).

Step 3. After sowing, gently press the seeds into the soil by about 0.3 cm (for tobacco, this figure is 0.7 cm), and then pour water over it. Water with extreme care, otherwise the grains may go too deep.

Step 4. Reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse to 20 ° C.

Sowing tobacco seeds for seedlings

Further care for the seedlings is to comply with several important requirements.

1. Feed the plants regularly with a solution made from potassium salt, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate (20 g, 50 g and 30 g, respectively, for every 10 liters of liquid).
2. The consumption of the ready-to-use mortar should be approximately 2 l / m² of soil.
3. You can also use organic fertilizer - chicken manure, diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7.
4. Reduce the frequency and amount of watering 7 days before the expected transplant date. Moreover, the last three days, tobacco seedlings do not need to be watered at all.
5. Hardened and quality plants should have a firm stem that does not break when bent.
6. Water the plants with plenty of water a few hours before transplanting to make them easier to remove from the soil.

Ready-to-transplant tobacco seedlings

After 40-45 days, when the height of the stems reaches 15 cm, the thickness is 0.5 cm, and on each plant there will already be several true leaves, transplant the seedlings into open soil.

Stage four. We transplant seedlings

During the transplant, the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm should rise to somewhere around 10 ° C (the specific indicator depends on the climatic zone).

How to properly transplant tobacco seedlings

Step 1. First, make shallow holes.The distance between them should be between 25 cm and 30 cm, and the row spacing should be at least 70 cm.

Step 2. Pour 0.5-1 liters of water into each well.

Step 3. Remove the plants one at a time and transplant into the wells. In fact, the technology is practically the same as when planting tomatoes. However, remember that any transplant is a shock to the seedlings, so try to keep the soil in which the plants grew on the root system.

Step 4. Before planting, dip each plant in a special mixture of clay and cow dung.

Step 5. Fill the holes with soil, carefully compact it.

Grown seedlings of tobacco in the open field

Stage five. Further care

In the future, regularly weed and loosen the aisles, and also apply top dressing. During the entire growing season, tobacco should be watered no more than 2-3 times (water consumption should be 8 liters per bush). Also periodically make pinching (removal of lateral shoots) and perching (breaking off inflorescences).

Tips for growing and caring for tobacco

There are two of the most common tobacco problems. Let's consider how to deal with them.

1. Aphid. Use Rogor-S to fight it.
2. Peronosporosis. It can be defeated with a 4% suspension of zineba, introduced in a proportion of 5 l / 10 acres, or with a 0.3% polycarbacin solution.

Step 1. As soon as the leaves turn yellow, you can remove them, without fail, starting from the lower tiers. It is important that each leaf is intact and dry.

Step 2. Transfer all of these leaves to the shade for 12 hours, carefully placing them in a 30 cm layer. During this time, they will be sufficiently attached.

Step 3. Next, put the leaves on the cords and hang to dry. If you are going to dry in the open air, then choose a suitable place for this, protected from precipitation and wind. If the weather is sunny, the leaves will dry faster, and the process will take no more than 2 weeks in total.

Drying tobacco leaves

Step 4. Take 5-6 cords with foliage, folded four times, and hang them on a special hook. This design is also known as havanka.

Step 5. Transfer one or more harbors to the room for subsequent drying by hanging them on the crossbars.

Drying tobacco after harvesting on the harbor

Step 6. With the onset of autumn, remove the leaves, gently smooth them and put them in piles. That's it, the tobacco is already ready for use!

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in growing tobacco, the main thing is desire, as well as adherence to all the tips given in the article.

Video - How to remove and how to dry tobacco

3>Video - Film about growing tobacco from A to Z

3>Video - Features of growing tobacco

*

Materials: