What is the best fish to grow at home?

Having approached the formation of the pond correctly, having studied the parameters of the water and preparing everything for the launch of the fry, the owner will be able to grow the fish to the optimal size. Careful care and cleaning of the artificial reservoir will increase the number of fish for sale, and therefore increase the amount of profit.

The content of the article:

• Home fish farming from scratch
• Fish farming as a business at home
• Equipment for the reservoir
• Costs and technology of fish growing
• What is the best fish to breed?
• Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

At the moment, many experts in the field of fish farming consider the fish business to be quite a promising direction. Therefore, creating conditions for its development can solve the problem of providing the state with fish and help fish farms in such a difficult task as growing various fish species.

Previously, it was popular to breed fish in artificial reservoirs, but in this case, poachers prevented the growth and development of young animals and grown-up individuals, it is for this reason that fish breeders began to engage in organized reproduction and raising fish on mini-farms and at home. But in order for fish breeding to be successful, a novice fish farmer needs to study the breeding instructions and adhere to all the prescribed rules. Without what, domestic fish farming will not bring the desired results?

Home fish farming from scratch

The most important resource for raising any type of fish is water. The growth, development and health of young animals will depend on its quality.

Step one. Creation of an artificial reservoir.

Before proceeding with the creation of a pond, it is necessary to devote time to a complete analysis of the water, having studied all the indicators and quality standards necessary for settling the reservoir with new residents.

For this purpose, it is best to contact Surveillance and ask specialists to carry out the necessary analyzes of the aquatic environment and give advice on improving it, if necessary. If the water quality is not up to standard, do not despair. It is enough to carry out aeration and cleaning of the pond and everything will return to normal.

Step two. Determination of the quality of water resources.

The water in the fish pond must necessarily have the following characteristics:

• Optimal salt ratio;
• Regular and irregular temperature conditions;
• The total number of microorganisms living in it and PH;
• General transparency;
• The presence of minerals necessary for future fish;
• Color qualities;
• The ratio of gases dissolved in water;

If all these characteristics correspond to the declared standards, then it will be possible to grow fish without any problems.

Step three. Launching fry.

Before you start the fry into the reservoir, you need to know what temperature regime is suitable for the fish species you have chosen. There are fish that are more suitable for cold water, and there are fish breeds that will only feel comfortable in warm water.

Cold-loving breeds include grass carp, carp, catfish, crucian carp, sterlet, silverheads, trout, peled and salmon. Heat-loving fish need to ensure the water temperature is not lower than twenty degrees, and for those who prefer cool waters from ten to twenty degrees.Wintering in the reservoir will also be determined by the fish species.

Step four. Stages of fish growing.

In order to properly build your mini fish farm, you need to know that breeding stages are taken into account when growing fish. First, the fish spawn, then fry appear, then the wintering stage follows, the next stage of growth, and experienced fish farmers consider the feeding stage as the last step.

Taking them into account, it is possible to clearly distinguish between these periods and create the necessary scheme for the growth and development of young animals and reared individuals. For each of these stages, it is best to equip your own pond or use plastic pools.

In the pool or pond for spawning, fish farmers are engaged in removing fry from eggs. The hatched fry are transplanted into a pond where they will grow. Upon reaching a certain age, they are placed in a growing reservoir, where they will gain weight. When the generation gets stronger and it will no longer be possible to worry about its health, it is transferred to a feeding pond, but for wintering a special wintering reservoir is used with conditions appropriate for fish.

In order for the fish to grow and develop well, the water in the reservoir must be clean and enriched with oxygen. Also, it should not contain hydrogen sulfide and methane. To avoid their appearance, the pond must be created in an appropriate area, which can be determined using a geodetic map. Also in the reservoir there must be appropriate vegetation, which will saturate the water with substances useful for fish.

Step five. Feeding.

Not only does water play an important role in fish farming, but also the use of appropriate feed additives. In order to grow healthy fish, it is necessary to use feed mixtures appropriate for each breed. They consist of fats, fiber, legumes, grains, proteins, minerals and vitamins that fish need. The secret of success is simple: in order for the fish to grow well, fish farmers fertilize the reservoirs and mineralize them.

For each age of fish, it is necessary to use its own feed additives, as well as to raise immunity, use therapeutic and stressful feed, which helps the fish to cope with the disease and gain immunity to it. That is, in principle, all that is necessary to know for fish farmers who decide to grow fish at home.

Fish farming as a business at home

The most important thing for growing fish is water, without it it will simply not be possible to breed any of the fish species. It is for this reason that, before deciding to grow fish at home, it is necessary to build a suitable artificial reservoir for it.

For this purpose, you can rent a state reservoir, but this idea is better left. Because it will take you a lot of time to obtain various permits and approvals, and in addition to all this, your "fishing spot" will also be threatened by poachers trying to catch as much fish as possible in your reservoir. For this reason, it is best to forget about renting a pond from government agencies. Moreover, the cost of a business based on state lease will be very expensive for you.

Another option is to create an artificial pond in your country or summer cottage. The creation of an artificial reservoir will also cost a lot, but it will still require much less material and nerve costs from you, and you will also be one hundred percent sure of the reliability of your business.

If you want to breed fish for which fresh water is good, then you can use a polycarbonate greenhouse with a plastic pool installed in it. It also needs to purchase compressor and filtering equipment, which will cost the lack of three thousand dollars. If you can create such equipment yourself, you can significantly reduce the cost of equipment for the reservoir.But before you start creating or purchasing it, you need to find out what kind of equipment and materials you need.

Equipment for the reservoir

Purification of water in a reservoir should be carried out using a gravity filter. It is quite simple to install and it will not take much of your time. It costs about five thousand rubles. It is used not only for water purification, but also allows you to remove microorganisms that cause water bloom and ooze.

In order to saturate the water with oxygen, compressor equipment is used. Its cost can reach ten thousand rubles. In order to prevent the water in the reservoir from blooming, sterilizers with ultraviolet diodes are used. To pump water out of the reservoir, you need to purchase a hydraulic pump (about five thousand rubles). You can also do it yourself by collecting it from the tubes. In this case, the reservoir will be filled with water from underground sources and springs. Feeders can be purchased at tackle stores. Also, do not forget about the drainage equipment.

Costs and technology of fish farming

The benefits of fish farming are clear. On the market, take, for example, a sturgeon, a kilogram costs about two hundred rubles. Buying fry or breeding them yourself, you can get up to a ton of fish per year, which is about one and a half thousand kilograms, which means three hundred thousand rubles.

Having spent one hundred and fifty thousand on your fishing business, you can work out the costs for a year and still make a profit. The main thing is to find points of sale and then you don't have to worry about profit.

Of course, only those people who understand all the risks and are ready to take them can engage in fish farming, because this type of business is quite competitive. And if you are not ready to fight and breed really high-quality and selective fish, it is better not to start it.

And now, finally, you have made a firm decision to create your own fish farm. What documents do you need? Since you will be starting a business, you will need to register your business. This will also require additional costs. You will also need a license to grow fish, which you will need to issue. And when you get the first "harvest", you still have to go through product quality control and obtain a special permit from the relevant structures.

What is the best fish to breed?

While the cost of creating an artificial reservoir is easy to calculate, the cost of purchasing and raising fish is very difficult. It is for this reason that a clear business plan must be drawn up.

The most unpretentious fish in food and maintenance is carp. It is also affordable and affordable. When purchasing a ton of carp fry, you will need to spend about a thousand dollars. Moreover, this fish breed will not begin to multiply immediately, but only after three years. In addition, in the cold season, carps grow twice as slow.

In industrial terms, the most profitable fish species are considered to be all varieties of sturgeon. An adult sturgeon weighs an average of five hundred grams. A kilogram of sturgeon at wholesale will cost about ten dollars. In your artificial pond, you can grow about a ton of such fish in six months. And this means that this business can really be called profitable.

Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

If you follow all of the above tips, then growing fish in your pond or pool is not a problem. This is exactly what the farmer Mikhail Atamanov does, who grows sterlet and trout on his farm in Yaroslavl. He grows and sells up to ten tons of fish per year and is not going to stop there. According to him, such a business brings him not only tangible profit, but also pleasure.

In our economically difficult times, many are trying to find alternative sources of income. And if you are one of them, you may be interested in your own fish farm. And for this it is not at all necessary to have a pond or a lake in private ownership. A small pond is suitable for this. You can dig out a pond for fish farming yourself. Of course, in this case, you will not get big profits, but you will always be able to provide your family with fresh produce. And this, you see, is important. Growing fish at home does not require large expenses, so people can do it even with a small start-up capital. Fisheries technology is akin to animal husbandry: in order to get a good result, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for aquatic animals. This article will describe some recommendations for growing carp, crucian carp, carp. Fish farming in the country is quite real!

To start with it?

At first glance, fish farming at home is not easy. But this is only at first glance: of course, there are some nuances here, but after overcoming the first difficulties, you will understand that everything is not so difficult. Of course, this venture requires a free area, not necessarily very large. Depending on how many pets you are going to settle in the reservoir, calculate its area and depth. You will also have to purchase fry. If this is not possible, then you can independently catch several individuals during the spawning period. Just remember that in this case the final stage of growing will take a little longer. And yet, the temperature of the water in your reservoir should be exactly the same as in the natural one. Otherwise, the fish will die.

What breeds should I give preference to?

Not sure which fry to start? Before organizing fish farming at home, carefully familiarize yourself with the life features of those species that you would like to see in your pond, and later on the table. If you do not want to bother too much in this matter, then preference should be given to carp, crucian carp, carp, bream, tench.

Features of each type

Tench is a very shy fish, so if the choice fell on this particular breed, then take care in advance of a reliable shelter for pets. Lay out a house out of stone and branches where the fish can take refuge. And if the conditions of detention are met, then the fish will gain about two hundred grams in weight a year. Do you think tench grows very slowly? Pay attention to the carp. In practice, it turned out that fish breeding at home becomes more effective if crucians or carps are put into the pond. They grow much faster and are unpretentious in care. These representatives of cyprinids feed on almost everything: algae, insects, porridge, earthworms. This is their favorite food.

Some nuances

You should pay attention to the following fact. Year-round cultivation in self-dug ponds only makes sense when you have the opportunity to leave the fish for the winter. For this, the reservoir must be deep enough, otherwise the water in severe frosts will freeze to the bottom and aquatic inhabitants will die. If the conditions of keeping do not correspond to the optimal ones, release the fish into the pond for growing in the warm season: April – November.

Feeding features

Of course, in order for the fish to gain weight faster, it must eat well. And for this, the temperature in the pond must be high enough. It is advisable to feed the fish at the same time, then carps and crucians will be waiting for you at the appointed hours. Give steamed grain, small insects, worms as feed. If funds allow, you can buy ready-made fish mixes. In the presence of a small reservoir, it is better to make a pallet with sides made of galvanized iron, which can be taken out of the water.It is more convenient to sprinkle food on it, and besides, you will be able to observe the intensity with which your pets eat. In the hot season, watch the water level, if it starts to fall, you will have to reduce the number of inhabitants of the pond. You can determine this by how carps behave: if they float to the surface and gasp for air, then there is not enough oxygen in the water. For a favorable existence, crucians and carps need a water temperature of twenty-twenty-seven degrees. You will have finished products for the third season. Now you know that fish farming at home is a painstaking, sometimes difficult business, but very interesting, and most importantly - profitable. Of course, a good result will be influenced not only by your efforts, but also by the weather conditions. Any seasoned fish farmer will tell you that you can adapt to anything. And then there will always be fresh fish on your table. And you can always easily sell the surplus on the market. Those who are interested in growing fish at home can only wish good luck!

02.06.2016

Views: 5388

It is quite possible to breed fish at home. It's best to start doing this wonderful thing in the spring. Then avid fishermen, who find it very difficult to live without fishing, will be able to fish in August.

In order to breed fish, you will need:

- free area (perhaps even small);

- a pool, or a container for fish (it is better if it is larger, since during the spawning period this will play an important role in the survival of individuals);

- fry of a certain type of fish, which can be bred at home.

The costs are small. And, of course, the soul is warmed by the fact that they will pay off very soon. This will take approximately two seasons. Indeed, in the warm months, each individual has the ability to work up about one kilogram of growth, and also give offspring.

It should be noted that before starting to grow fish at home, you must thoroughly study all the individual characteristics of the species that you want to grow in the future.

Fish selection

So, first you need to decide what kind of fish to breed. According to statistics, the most popular are two types: carp and trout. They grow well and are in great demand among consumers and buyers.

It is easier to grow carp - they are tenacious and unpretentious; most bodies of water are suitable for them. To grow them, you do not need any special knowledge - it will be enough to read the relevant literature and, if possible, talk to people who are already growing this type of fish. But trout is a more sensitive fish, for which certain conditions need to be created in the reservoir, here you cannot do without an experienced qualified fish breeder. Growing costs will be almost the same, but trout in the markets costs three times more than carp.

If you don't know what kind of fish to breed, then you can use freshly caught fish from any river or lake. But you need to remember that in the process of moving fish from one environment to another, it is important to observe the temperature regime. Otherwise, even a slight difference of two or three degrees can lead to the loss of fish.

Starting a business - renting or creating a reservoir

When choosing a reservoir for fish farming, you should pay attention to its area, depth and bottom type. The optimal size is considered to be a pond or lake with an area of ​​20 to 100 hectares. If the reservoir is smaller, then it will be expensive to grow large volumes of fish.

Keep in mind that it makes sense to breed fish in ponds only when you have reliable and powerful wintering devices at your disposal. If there are none, then it would be more appropriate not to grow fish, but to grow them in the spring and summer.

If you have at your disposal some part of a well-cleaned and, of course, fenced-off channel, that's good, but if not, you can dig a pond.Its sizes may vary. For example, 4x6 meters, and up to one and a half meters deep. This will provide water heating up to 26 ° С. Thus, your home pond will be quite suitable for several dozen crucians weighing up to 300 g.

Optimal conditions

The health of fish and their growth depends on temperature, water saturation with oxygen, the balance of a closed biological system, and the level of acidity.

To determine if a reservoir is suitable for breeding fish, it is necessary to conduct a survey before settling fish there. It will not be superfluous to conduct such surveys once a season.

If you decide to grow trout, then the most optimal water temperature for it is 16-19 ° C. If the temperature in the reservoir rises above 24 ° C, then the fish will stop feeding and may die. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the temperature regime of the water.

The best type of reservoir for trout would be a deep quarry, at least 5 m deep, since already at a depth of 4 m the water temperature never rises above 16 ° C.

If we talk about carp, then it is much easier to breed it - it is not so capricious. The only thing that carp cannot tolerate is the high level of pollution of the reservoir. The water temperature should be in the range of 24-25 ° C. The depth of the reservoir can be very small - up to 1.6-1.9 m. At such a depth, the natural food base is actively developing. It is advisable to make sure that the carp pond has a descent: this will greatly facilitate the fishing process in the fall. For this, a dam is being built. This is especially convenient when the reservoir is fed by the river.

Feeding

For feed, it is necessary to take into account 50-60% of all foreseen costs. Of course, you can simply release the carp into the pond and wait for it to grow up, feeding on its own. But in this case, it will take a very long time to wait. In addition, from 1 hectare of water surface it will actually be possible to get an increase of only about 120 kg of fish. If you use special feed, then this figure can be safely multiplied by two, since fish farming is carried out according to a high-intensity method. The main components of this method are a high density of fish stocking in the pond plus the use of extremely nutritious feed, rich in vitamins, containing a large amount of protein (at least 26-28%) and fat (at least 5-7%). These feeds are usually more expensive, but they are much more effective than conventional compound feeds.

Trout feeding is much more difficult. For trout, you have to buy better quality feed, which is even more expensive. If you use cheap compound feed, then the trout meat will not be red, but white.

The huge difference in the price of feed for carp and trout is justified by the amount of necessary feed that is used to feed them, since at a cost of only 1 kilogram of feed for trout, you can get a kilogram of gain in fish weight. But for a kilogram of carp growth, it will be necessary to spend already 4 kilograms of feed.

Restraint and measure when feeding fish is also important, since when the pond is oversaturated with food, the hydrochemical composition of the water will change - and the fish will stop growing. Carp should be fed daily no more than 3% of the total weight of fish in the reservoir, taking into account the temperature of the water. The colder the water, the less food the fish will eat, because in cool water the fish metabolism slows down.

If you provide the fish with good feeding, then the increase per day will be up to seven grams. To increase the productivity of weight gain, resort to proper feeding and compact plantings. It should be remembered that when planting five times, special granules or dough are used. And if the density is normal, then the carp are not fed.

Feed the fish in the pond at the same time twice a day.

The main risk in fish farming

The main risk in industrial fish farming is a variety of fish epidemics and diseases. Therefore, the health of a large population must be monitored.To do this, every 10 days, it is necessary to conduct a control catch and investigate the overall growth of the fish population, the state of all internal organs and gills. For the treatment of fish, special medicinal feed with antibiotics and special immune-strengthening drugs that increase immunity are added to the diet. But this must be done under the supervision of veterinarians.

If you miss the beginning of the epidemic, then all the livestock raised can be destroyed.

Optimal fish weight and size

Of course, the larger the fish, the more demand it will be on the market. For carp, the optimal weight should be about 1.5 kg, but for trout - about 1 kg. To this weight, carp will grow for about three years. For the very first summer, carp gains about 25 grams, but over the second summer, about 200 grams more, and, finally, about 1 kilogram in the third summer.

Trout has a growth cycle of approximately 2.5 years. But after all, trout can be sold earlier, for example, after a year and a half, at which time it will reach a weight of about 300 grams. Unfortunately, such trout will only be in demand in restaurants. A 300-gram fish, which is 30 cm long, will lie beautifully and neatly across the plate.

The growth cycle of carp usually ends in autumn. At this time, all ponds of the farm are fished. Therefore, it is in the fall that carp appears on sale in stores and on the market, but prices for it decrease during this period.

Today, more and more people are starting to breed fish at home. The industry is becoming more profitable and promising every year, and almost everyone, both a citizen and a farmer, can achieve success in this area.

Fish is a very valuable product on the food market, which is in no way inferior in usefulness to the same beef, and in some cases even exceeds it in terms of the content of nutrients.

The food business has been considered extremely profitable at all times. Home-made organic products are always appreciated. One of the options for such a business is fish farming.

Fish is a universal product suitable for almost everyone, so the demand for it is very high. On the shelves of stores, in addition to the products of farm reservoirs, you can often find fish grown at home. This type of business is suitable for both residents of small settlements and entrepreneurs from large cities.

Fish farming requires preliminary preparation and obtaining the necessary knowledge. It is not enough just to find a place to raise fish, buy fish fry and wait for them to gain mass.

For the business to be really profitable, it is advisable to study the experience of colleagues at the very beginning, visit fish farms, get acquainted with the conditions for breeding fish of different species.

Valuable advice and experience from colleagues can go a long way in the beginning.

In addition to knowledge, at the initial stage, financial investments will be required to equip the reservoir, purchase the necessary equipment, cover operating and other costs.

What kind of fish is better to breed

A feature of fish farming is the relatively quick payback of the business, since the fish grows rapidly and gains weight, which means that the return on investment is not long in coming. Many species of fish are fast-growing, and they are the most popular.

Most often, the following types of fish are grown at home:

• carps;
• fish of the salmon family;
• sturgeon fish;
• catfish;
• tilapia, trout.

Carp breeding is widespread throughout the post-Soviet space. Carps are omnivorous, but prone to consuming aquatic insects, worms, molluscs and zooplankton. With the right diet, they grow quite quickly.

Catfish are famous for the fact that they easily get along in water bodies with other types of fish. Tilapia is large and fast growing.

Salmon and sturgeon fish feed mainly on other fish. Breeding them can be risky given the high cost of feed and the low consumer demand associated with the high cost of these fish species.

What is required to organize a business

To organize a fish farming business, you will need:

• organized space for growing fish (artificial reservoir, pool or natural body of water);
• cleaning equipment, pumps and other devices (for example, used for automated feeding of fish);
• feed and feed additives;
• directly fry.

Initially, there may be costs associated with the purchase or lease of land, premises, the arrangement of water bodies, the purchase or rental of vehicles, water supply devices and oxygen sensors.

In addition, funds will be needed to pay for electricity, fuels and lubricants and chemical components. Expenditures can also include taxes, salary payments to employees involved, mobile services, and more.

All of these costs must be factored into the business plan. In addition to costs, the document should contain the approximate time frame for reaching the recoupment of costs and making a profit. Even before organizing all the work, it is necessary to clearly understand what will be the sales channels for the farmed fish or fish products.

Features of growing fish

Fish farming is a specific industry that requires knowledge in topics such as water quality control, disease control, organization of proper nutrition and others.

For fish farming, a constant source of quality water is a prerequisite.

The water temperature can be adjusted depending on what kind of fish is being bred in the reservoir.

It is important to equip convenient shores of the reservoir so that there are no difficulties with feeding and catching fish. Artificial fish tanks should be of a comfortable size. Most often, for fish breeding, rounded plastic tanks with a diameter of about two meters and a depth of more than one meter are used.

You can start with the arrangement of one or two containers; if the business is successfully promoted, their number can be increased.

Separate requirements apply to the premises in which artificial reservoirs are located. As a rule, they maintain a constant temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees. The room itself should also be comfortable - its area should be at least 30 square meters.

With self-breeding fish, all work takes no more than three to four hours a day. Workers should be hired when the number of pools is increased and when production activities are expanded.

Sales and income

When organizing a business, it is important to think over all possible options for selling products. The sales market can be quite wide: you can sell fish in shops or markets. In addition, you can negotiate its sale with cafes, restaurants and companies specializing in conservation.

Cafes and restaurants are most often interested in fish weighing 500-600 grams. Such indicators can be achieved with good hands in just six months. You can also sell caviar, which is always highly valued by buyers. To do this, it is necessary to raise an older population of fish (up to 4 years old).

When breeding fish in natural reservoirs (ponds), you can offer customers paid fishing as an additional income.

It should be remembered that the fish farming industry is not uncommon and competition among entrepreneurs can be fierce. In order to attract buyers, it is necessary to set prices several percent lower than those of other sellers. This will allow you to acquire regular customers and establish the necessary business connections.

Considering that the cost of fish starts from 100-120 rubles per kilogram, the investment can be recouped in one year, and sometimes in a shorter period. Business profitability can be as high as 50%.

If positive results are achieved, it will be possible to expand production and bring it to a new stage, and, accordingly, to a new level of income.