How are porcini mushrooms grown at home?

White mushroom is deservedly and rightfully considered the standard for other mushrooms. He looks attractive - with a fleshy brown hat on a white pot-bellied leg, and his taste is excellent. When fried, porcini mushrooms emit a special, nutty aroma. The mushroom got its name - white - because its incision does not darken during drying and cooking, while maintaining a juicy, appetizing structure. And today we will consider the cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home and not only.

White mushroom: description

Almost everywhere white mushroom is also called boletus. And also it is called a bear, a white-grouse, a wood grouse. No matter how else this forest handsome man is called in numerous corners of Russia, he always looks distinctive:

1. The boletus cap is brown. It changes its bulge with the age of the fungus. From a semi-cylindrical shape in a small mushroom, it gradually makes a transition to an almost flat, about 20 cm in diameter, hat of an adult mushroom.
2. The stem is always whitish, with characteristic brownish vertical veins. At first it has the shape of a barrel, and as it grows, it stretches into a dense, powerful cylinder.

Now you can visually distinguish the porcini mushroom (you received the description) from other forest mushrooms.

Varieties of porcini mushrooms

The porcini mushroom has many forms, and their varieties depend on the trees under which the mushroom grows and in symbiosis with which it enters:

1. The pine shape is perhaps the most colorful of the porcini mushrooms. It has a beautiful brown hat and a slightly purple-tinged leg, slightly thickened at the bottom.
2. The spruce form is the most common in central Russia. The hat is brownish-reddish, with spots and a rim along the edge. The leg is barrel-shaped, covered to the middle with a fine mesh.
3. Oak form - strong porcini mushrooms with elastic brown caps with a grayish tint.
4. Dark bronze shape - the name speaks for itself. Hats are dark, wrinkled; legs are brownish.

Boletus growing in shaded areas has a lighter color of the cap. And their fellows, who grew up in the sun, have a rich brown top. The mushroom absolutely does not tolerate strongly shaded and mossy places. For example, it will not grow in a dense forest. And he will choose comfortable, slightly shaded or sunny places.

We grow mushrooms in the country

If a mushroom picker returns from the forest with a basket full of boletus, it means that he did not go mushrooming in vain. Many people wonder if it is possible to grow mushrooms in the country in order to admire the beautiful landscape, and, of course, it is guaranteed to have a rare product on the table. Yes, growing a king of mushrooms in a garden is quite possible, although not an easy task. It is necessary to know the intricacies and peculiarities of breeding this fastidious forest sturdy fellow, but as a result of hard work, the first white mushrooms will grow near your country house.

So, growing mushrooms in the country.It will not be easy to achieve results because the porcini mushroom belongs to the mycorrhizal group, which speaks of their duty and very difficult intergrowth and interlacing with the roots of the trees under which they live. This is a very complex and vital symbiosis for fungi. Without a tree, or rather its roots, the so-called fungus root cannot form and the fruit growing on the surface cannot develop. Therefore, alas, it will not work to grow porcini mushrooms in a bare area.

A long-standing and well-proven method of cultivation is in an area where trees between ten and thirty years old grow. White mushroom settles under pine, spruce, oak, birch, beech. Matching tree species when replanting mycelium is necessary. The more similar the conditions of the summer cottage plantation of boletus to their forest location, the more chances that they will successfully take root.

White mushrooms at home

If you wish, you can master the cultivation of mushrooms at home, having studied the accumulated experience of scientists from Holland. With the help of the technologies they recommend, you can start growing the product in greenhouses and dug cellars.

The cultivation of a plantation with an intensive method, namely, it is taken into service at home, has its own difficulties. One of them is a considerable investment, the purchase of equipment to ensure the required temperature and humidity in the room. But the advantages of this growing method are considerable - fertility throughout the season and a good ripening rate. For effective indoor breeding, it is recommended to use mycelium cultivation.

Requirements for planting material

It is advisable to purchase planting material from suppliers with recommendations, carefully study all the initial data of the mycelium indicated on the label. It is very important to pay attention to the smell and color of the mycelium. If there is a weak ammonia smell, immediately reject the batch of planting material - it was overheated and is now unviable. The color of a healthy exudate is orange with a slight yellowness.

Having brought home the packages with the purchased mycelium, you need to cool them, ventilate them and only then start preparing before laying. The contents of the bags are crushed without tearing the packaging. Thus, they maintain a gentle and adaptive temperature regime for the future mycelium. When laying, sterility is very important:

• it is necessary to work with gloves;
• premises for growing porcini mushrooms and laying mycelium should be separate;
• opening the package, it is necessary to process it with a disinfectant solution.

Mushroom growing technology

To complete the topic of the previous paragraph, let's start with the method of germinating a crop at home. So, growing mushrooms at home. Here are the main stages of indoor work:

1. Boiling in bags for 1-1.5 hours and subsequent cooling of the substrate. (Hole water drainage bags).
2. Mixing mycelium and substrate on disinfected tables. The availability of domestic material should be at the level of 5%, and imported - 2.5%.
3. Putting the mixture into bags. Tamp the grafted substrate tightly into bags, flatten one side and make several cuts for the mushrooms to germinate.
4. Place the bags vertically on the shelves. Watering is normal, without strong waterlogging. Ventilation of the room is required.
5. If the care was correct, the crop of mushrooms can be harvested for at least six months.

This is how porcini mushrooms are grown at home. Yes, quite difficult, but worth it.

Growing methods in the garden

Growing porcini mushrooms at home is strikingly different from growing in a personal plot. But first things first.

For cultivation of porcini mushrooms on the site, first prepare the place for laying the mycelium. On the top layer of soil previously removed with a shovel, compost or soil with peat is laid. Lay the planting material, cover it with a layer of turf removed earlier.

The most effective options for harvesting seed is to bring several pieces of mycelium the size of a chicken egg from the forest. Such blanks are planted in the soil without processing, it is only important to observe at least two conditions:

1. The trees under which the boletus grew in nature should be of the same species with the plants at the new planting site.
2. It is necessary to dig out the material very carefully - porcini mushrooms are hard to grow together with the roots and restore communication with the satellite tree.

Sowing forest mycelium

How to grow porcini mushrooms if there is no way to purchase high-quality planting material?

A very good effect is given by the method of sowing mycelium using the cap and the tubular part of the porcini mushroom. 5-6 mature caps are taken, it is possible even with wormholes, and soaked for a day in a bucket of water. Then the contents are kneaded with your hands. The thick is separated into another container. The thick mass is the body of the mushroom, and it comes in handy too. The bare roots of the tree are spilled with the remaining liquid with a large number of spores, then everything is covered with a layer of thick mushroom substance and sprinkled on top with the soil removed earlier. It is necessary to carefully water the planted mycelium and carry out subsequent watering once a week in the absence of rain.

Now you are familiar with the cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home, and in the garden, where, with proper observance of all technologies, you can get a harvest of boletus the first time in a year or two. Good luck!

White mushroom or boletus is rightfully considered the king of mushrooms. Those who like to feast on the juicy pulp of this forest dweller sometimes travel long distances to collect full baskets of boletus and then prepare delicious and aromatic dishes and preparations from them. But some gardeners prefer to grow this delicacy on their backyards. It's a troublesome business, but will this stop real experimenters and lovers of porcini mushrooms?

Growing porcini mushrooms at home

Description of porcini mushroom

The porcini mushroom belongs to the Boletaceae family and is a tubular mushroom. It is quite large in size: its thickened at the base, a dense leg, resembling a barrel, can stretch up to 25 cm in height and 10 cm thick, while its average size is up to 12 cm.Its color ranges from white to red-brown with white streaked.

1. The diameter of the convex cap is also amazing, sometimes reaching 50 cm (the average size is from 7 to 30 cm). The skin is smooth, less often wrinkled, during rains - smooth and slimy, during drought - matte. The color of the cap ranges from creamy white to brown, and the older the mushroom, the darker the shade of the cap.

   White mushroom with a brown cap

2. Juicy and fleshy pulp after cutting does not change color, remaining white-yellow. Although sometimes there are individuals in which the color of the pulp can change to a pink-blue hue.
3. White mushroom is superior in taste to other mushrooms and is rightfully considered one of the best. The pulp contains a huge amount of nutrients and beneficial trace elements.
4. The porcini mushroom is used for cooking fresh, pickled or dried dishes. At the same time, during cooking or drying, the pulp of the mushroom emits a pleasant mushroom aroma. In some countries, boletus is eaten without heat treatment, and sauces are also prepared from it.

Description of porcini mushroom

Unfortunately, these mushrooms are practically not grown on an industrial scale due to their unprofitability. Lovers of boletus have to either travel through the forests, or grow this delicacy on their own.

The habitat of porcini mushrooms is a coniferous and deciduous forest.

Conditions and place for growing

To grow boletus mushrooms on your own personal plot, you will have to work hard and create conditions close to natural nature.

Symbiosis	In the forest, the porcini mushroom is in close symbiosis with the trees that surround it. Most often it is spruce, oak, pine, birch
Age of trees	Most often, porcini mushrooms grow in the forest where the trees are more than 50 years old, although they can also be found in pine forests of 20-25 years old.
Neighborhood with other mushrooms	Scientists have found that the porcini mushroom most often appears in the vicinity of other representatives of this kingdom: green tea, chanterelle, green russula
Soil cover	Boletus respects the forest in which the soil cover is represented by mosses and lichens
Air temperature	The most comfortable air temperature for porcini mushrooms ranges from 15-18 degrees in August and 8-10 in September. Sudden temperature fluctuations are undesirable
Humidity	The largest boletus harvests are observed after short thunderstorms or foggy nights.
The soil	Ideal soil for porcini mushrooms - loam, sandy loam or sand with good drainage
Light	Boletus loves light, but sometimes (depending on other conditions) it can abundantly spread in shaded forest thickets.

Based on all this, those areas where there are adult coniferous or deciduous trees are best suited for growing porcini mushrooms. Oak, birch, pine groves are suitable for organizing plantations. The place should be well lit, sufficiently humid, but not waterlogged. Before planting mushrooms, it is worth removing nearby herbs such as ferns and hoofs.

Best suited for growing porcini mushrooms are those areas where there are adult coniferous or deciduous trees.

If the planting material was made by the gardener on his own, then it is important to choose the soil for planting the mushrooms near the tree from which the adult boletus parent was taken.

Sowing mushrooms should be at the end of the summer season or early autumn to mid-September.

Seed preparation

If you decide to grow porcini mushrooms from material collected in forests, that is, from porcini mushrooms that grow in their natural environment, then it is important to choose mature mature mushrooms for the preparation of planting material.

1. Collect mother mushrooms that grow under the same trees as in your area.
2. Choose those mushrooms where the spores in the caps are already ripe (about 10 caps measuring 10-20 cm). You can take wormy or dried hats.

   Found a wormy porcini mushroom? Do not rush to throw it away, it is better to make a suspension for planting out of it.

3. Prepare a weak solution of potassium permanganate at the rate of 1 g per bucket of rainwater.
4. Add 15 sugar lumps to it for a nutrient solution.
5. Mash the selected mushroom caps thoroughly until a smooth porridge.
6. Place the resulting material in the solution and leave for several hours.
7. Strain the resulting mixture - this way we get a suspension that contains the spores of the porcini mushroom.

Preparation of planting material

We will tell you about the methods of planting with the help of a suspension just below.

In the case of using such seed, you will be able to harvest the next crop no earlier than in a year, or even later.

Natural planting material can be made in another way. To do this, you should find an adult porcini mushroom in the forest and carefully cut off the soil with a layer of about 15 * 25 cm around it. The layer is divided into 8-20 small fragments and is laid in the soil in the garden bed.

Carefully cut off a layer of soil about 15 * 25 cm in size near the mushroom and get planting material

You can also grow porcini mushrooms at home from powdered mycelium, which is sold in stores.

Dry mycelium of porcini mushroom

Porcini mycelium

1. Choose a slightly shaded area under the trees and remove the top of the soil (30 cm) on an area of ​​about 3 square meters.
2. At the bottom of the pit, tree bark and fallen leaves are lined with a layer of about 10 cm.
3. It is also necessary to add humus or soil from under the trees.
4. Take powdered mycelium (20 g) and mix it with sand (1 L).
5. Sprinkle the mixture on the garden bed and cover with compost (layer about 3 cm).
6. The final stage is to cover it all with ordinary earth (a layer of about 4 cm).
7. Immediately after sowing, the bed is carefully watered, best of all with a drip method.

Such a bed will yield faster harvest and will delight you with porcini mushrooms for up to 5 years.

Sowing methods of mushrooms

Powdered mycelium purchased in a store is rarely used by mushroom growers as a planting material. Most often, they still prepare natural planting material, which they use in several ways.

Growing porcini mushrooms under birches

Method number 1. At a distance of about a meter from the selected tree on the site, carefully so as not to damage the root system of the plant, remove 15 cm of the top layer of soil. It is good if it turns out that the roots are slightly exposed. At the rate of 350 gr per ¼ sq.m. the roots are watered with the prepared suspension and then sprinkled on top with the previously removed soil. Now you need to moisten the garden bed - under each tree, carefully, so as not to wash off the future mycelium, pour up to 5 buckets of water.

For good mushroom growth, the soil must be moistened as it dries.

Please note: if the soil in the place chosen for planting is almost always wet by itself, then watering is carried out only during sowing. Additionally, the plantation is moistened only in case of severe drought.

Method number 2. To implement this method, a month before planting the mushrooms, it is necessary to prepare a special nutrient mixture. These are fallen oak leaves collected after winter, rotted oak wood (5%) and horse manure (5%). The components are laid out in layers (foliage alternates with manure and wood) and on top of the resulting heap is watered with ammonium nitrate (1%). After 7-10 days, this mass must be dug up to get a homogeneous substrate.

Ammonium nitrate for soil preparation for growing porcini mushrooms

Then we begin to prepare directly the ridge itself. A hole up to 30 cm deep and about 2 m wide is dug under the trees, where the resulting nutrient mixture is laid out in layers up to 12 cm. Each layer must be covered with a 10 cm layer of soil. In this case, the total height of the ridge will turn out to be about 50 cm. To avoid waterlogging, create a small elevation in the middle of the plantation.

On the surface of the prepared substrate, shallow pits are made in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of no more than 30 cm from each other, into which fragments of soil from under the porcini mushroom are either laid, or watered with a suspension and ground with a layer of up to 7 cm.

After sowing, the ridge is moistened and covered with fallen foliage.

Method number 3. The garden bed is prepared in the same way as in method # 2. Small dried pieces of the tubular part of the mushroom are placed in the substrate, opening a few centimeters. After 3-4 days, they are taken out, and the soil is slightly moistened. In this case, the harvest will appear next year.

The harvest of porcini mushrooms

Growing in a greenhouse

Porcini mushrooms can be grown in a greenhouse in any of the ways. To make the boletus feel comfortable in it, you should first prepare the room.

1. Use a material that does not allow light to shade a small area of ​​the greenhouse and place several containers of water there to create the necessary level of humidity.
2. Barrels can also be replaced with sawdust, which is periodically sprayed with water. This material retains moisture very well.
3. Do not forget about ventilation: the greenhouse is either ventilated or provided with a fresh air supply system.

Tips for growing mushrooms in a greenhouse

The mushroom beds in the greenhouse are prepared in the same way as in other methods. It is best to add a little forest soil to the garden soil.

Fertilizers and care

The porcini mushroom is a capricious comrade. Fruiting does not begin immediately, but, at best, after a year and requires special attention. You should not give up, even if all the waiting times have already passed: continue to maintain the necessary conditions in the beds - it is quite possible that the mushrooms will begin to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting.

Watering the garden is best done with a sprayer. Pay special attention to this procedure during a drought or trying to grow boletus in arid regions. On average, the frequency of watering is once every 7 days with 5-6 buckets of water.

On average, the frequency of watering porcini mushrooms is once every 7 days with 5-6 buckets of water

If the bed is located under a tree, then water is poured onto the trunk of the plant.

Fertilizing a porcini mushroom plantation is very good with coffee grounds. It accelerates their growth and protects them from midges, mold and diseases. To prepare top dressing, the grounds are mixed with natural ground coffee and a mineral complex is added. Fertilizer is applied at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. per square meter of the ridge.

Fertilize porcini mushroom plantation very well with coffee grounds

If the soil on the site dries out very quickly, then a little hydrogel is added to the soil in the garden bed with mushrooms.

Video - Growing porcini mushrooms

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home seems like a very attractive idea to many. After all, the white mushroom (or, as it is also called, boletus) is almost the most famous and widespread edible mushroom growing in the territory of the Russian Federation. It looks simple, but expressive - a thick white leg and a fleshy brown hat. Porcini mushrooms are used today to make sauces, soups and many other delicious dishes. One of the features of the porcini mushroom is that it does not change its color during heat treatment.

Under natural conditions, boletus grow in moderately humid places with different levels of illumination, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (pine and spruce) trees.

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms requires the creation of conditions that will be as similar to natural as possible. It is not so easy, it takes some effort and some patience to achieve the result. For example, it is much easier to grow oyster mushrooms - many do it even on the balcony.

Boletus mushrooms can be grown in two main ways:

1. outdoors (for example, in your summer cottage or personal plot);
2. in the premises.

The second method, which involves the creation of a completely artificial environment, requires more significant investments. However, with the right approach, they can certainly pay off.

Seed preparation

Whichever method of these two is chosen, first you need to prepare a special seed. And here you need to know a lot of subtleties. Fruit bodies of ordinary boletus mushrooms are suitable as raw materials. Moreover, if you want to grow them on a personal plot under an oak tree, then you need to take those porcini mushrooms that grow just under an oak tree. The need for such accuracy is due to the fact that the boletus interact quite closely with the trees next to which they are located.

In the harvested fruiting bodies, all the legs are detached from the caps. In the future, we only need hats, and even dried and wormy ones can be put into action. They need to be placed in a bowl of cold water (by the way, alcohol can be added to the water at the rate of 3 cups per 10 liters, this will further stimulate the germination of spores). In addition, you need to add 1 gram of potassium permanganate here and leave for a couple of hours.

Then sugar should be added to this bowl - 15-20 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. This is almost all - the mixture only needs to be infused in some heated room (if it's winter outside). The result is a liquid containing a large number of boletus spores.

Buying ready-made mycelium for growing

You can take an easier path and buy ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms in gardening stores. Foreign goods are considered the best in this market, but in any case, you should first buy a small trial batch.

When buying, be sure to specify:

• strain and variety;
• the rate of fouling;
• the resistance of this mycelium to mold;
• shelf life.

In addition, it does not hurt to talk to gardeners who have already grown boletus on their site - they will certainly give useful recommendations.

A good, high-quality mycelium should have a deep red color with small patches of yellow. If there are green and black spots on the mycelium, and a nasty ammonia smell emanates from the package, then the product is spoiled and cannot be used.

Advice

Purchased mycelium can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. Here he can be kept for up to three months without any problems.

Correct preparation of substrates

Another important stage is the preparation of the substrate, that is, the mixture in which the porcini mushroom can grow. This substrate consists of sunflower husks, straw, deciduous sawdust, buckwheat, etc. But it should not contain mold and rotten pieces at all, otherwise it will not be possible to grow your own boletus crop on the site.

The substrate must be saturated with moisture before placing mycelium or spores into it. There are two methods for this - steaming and boiling. Regardless of the selected processing technology, the substrate must retain such a property as air permeability. During processing, the material can be left directly in plastic bags.

How to grow boletus in open spaces

Now let's figure out how porcini mushrooms are grown on a personal plot. Of course, there must be a suitable tree (or trees) in this area. And within a radius of one meter from this tree, the first step is to remove a layer of earth about 15 centimeters thick. Pour the seed with spores onto the roots (which must never be damaged!). For every 25 square centimeters, about 350 milliliters of seed is needed. Then you need to fill everything back with earth and pour several buckets of water (it is better to pour along the trunk, carefully so as not to wash out the spores). The optimal sowing time when choosing this method is from mid-August to mid-September.

The mycelium (mycelium) must be planted differently on the site. For this, a pit 30 centimeters deep and 1.5 square meters wide is pulled out. A substrate is placed in it in layers of 10 centimeters - it is alternated with the ground in such a way that a 20 centimeters high bed is formed. It is worth, by the way, to provide it with sloping edges, this will allow moisture to drain, and not stagnate.

In this case, it is necessary to plant myceliums in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between them should be 30 centimeters or more. Then the bed must be watered and covered with foliage.

Advice

The optimal time for planting mycelium is late summer or early September, but it must be borne in mind that the harvest in this case will not be in the same, but only next year. And as soon as next summer comes, you need to remember about the mushroom garden and start watering it at least once every seven days.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium on site is more difficult than growing from spores, but ultimately yields a higher yield per tree.

How to grow boletus indoors

The difficulty here lies in the fact that for planting it is necessary to prepare not only the substrate and seed, but also the room itself. This can be a basement of a house, a special greenhouse, or, for example, an ordinary barn.

The substrate material for planting mushrooms indoors must be boiled for 60-80 minutes without putting it out of standard plastic bags. Then you need to drain the water (for example, by making several holes in the bag) and put the substrate under something heavy. After cooling, it can already be taken to the room where the mycelium was prepared for planting (it is the purchased mycelium that is needed here, and not the self-prepared planting mixture) and where the mushrooms will subsequently grow. This room should be sterile, for which it should be treated with 1% chlorine solution.

When mixing mycelium and substrates, ventilation, if any, should be turned off so that the spores do not scatter. This procedure takes place as follows: the mycelium and the substrate are placed on a disinfected clean table and manually mixed. The weight of the planting material should be 3-5% of the weight of the substrate.

Then the already grafted substrate must be folded into whole bags - from 5 to 15 kilograms each. Moreover, the substrate should be tamped as tightly as possible. Then you need to make a few neat holes with a blade. Cuts are best done at a 45-degree angle, and each cut should be no more than 5 millimeters.

These bags must then be placed on the pre-prepared incubation shelves. There should be ventilation holes around the edges of each shelf. Air should circulate freely here, but only after the incubation period of the mycelium, which lasts three weeks.

In addition, there must be a distance of at least 5 centimeters between the bags. The comfortable temperature for growing boletus mushrooms is about +25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds +30, then the mushrooms can get heatstroke and not germinate.

Plus, the room should have high humidity (85 to 95 percent). And so that mold does not start in such conditions, every day you need to clean the room with a chlorine solution. Such difficulties, of course, scare off many potential breeders, and they prefer to either plant mushrooms on the site, or not plant at all. But in fact, the possible result may well more than recoup the effort expended, and quite a few people have already turned indoor mushroom cultivation into a good business.

Porcini mushrooms will begin to bear fruit for the first time about a month after planting.

Advice

To make the mushrooms dense and not watery, it is worth pouring water on the bags with a spray bottle once a day. And this water should have a temperature in the range from +10 to +25 degrees. To prevent moisture from stagnating, the room must be ventilated after watering.

The second fruiting time will come in another couple of weeks. In general, with proper care, porcini mushrooms grown in an enclosed space will produce a crop for six months continuously. Of course, some bags can get moldy, and they need to be taken out of the room on time, but throwing them out is not always important - they can be a good organic fertilizer.

So, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms can be carried out in several ways, each of which has its own difficulties and characteristics. You need to choose, of course, the one that will be easier to implement for you. Note that growing mushrooms in a personal plot or in a basement can be not only a pleasant hobby, but also a completely successful business. At least there is a demand for porcini mushrooms among the population.

Gathering mushrooms in the forest is a pleasant thing, but it would be doubly more pleasant to do it, staying in your personal plot or in your own dacha. Porcini mushrooms grow naturally in unshaded, moderately humid places, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (spruce, pine) trees. Therefore, their successful breeding at home is possible when creating conditions that are as similar as possible to natural ones.

Growing these representatives of the mushroom kingdom at home is not an easy task. They will require more attention and patience than, for example, oyster mushrooms, the harvest of which can be obtained even at home on the balcony. What is the technology for growing boletus?

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Harvest from hats

Growing porcini mushrooms at home, for example, in the country, is as follows. The first step is to find raw materials for planting. These are ordinary boletus. You need to look for them only under those types of trees, under which the amateur mushroom grower is going to plant them near his home or in the country.

A white mushroom (or fruit body) found under an oak is unlikely to serve as the main material for a mycelium under a birch.

Having found the necessary fruiting body, it is necessary to separate the caps from the legs. Representatives of the mushroom kingdom reproduce not only by spores, but also by fragments of fruit bodies, the latter are useful for canning or drying. The fruiting body will allow a large harvest in the future. The hats should be put in a bucket, filled with cold water, to which 1 g of potassium permanganate is added, and left for two hours. Then you need to add granulated sugar (15 tsp with a slide for 10 liters of water) and start kneading the caps, breaking them into small pieces - they will form a new mycelium.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms is a rather complicated technology. To stimulate the germination of spores, alcohol can also be added to the water at the rate of 3-4 tbsp. l. on a bucket (do this before adding the hats to the water). After that, the raw materials for planting must be left to infuse, for example, in a greenhouse. As a result, a liquid is obtained containing a huge amount of spores of porcini mushrooms, from which mycelium grows. This technology of seed preparation allows the use of both worm-like and slightly dried caps to grow mycelium. The described method is one of several, in which porcini mushrooms reproduce in artificial conditions (at home or in the country).

How are these mushrooms grown in the future? Leaving the planting fluid for infusion, you should prepare the ground for planting in the country. To do this, carefully remove a layer of soil 10-15 cm under the tree chosen for growing mushrooms, within a radius of about half a meter, up to the trunk, without touching the roots. The roots of the trees are watered with spore infusion and covered with a removed layer of soil.

Making porcini at home is not an easy procedure. Do not forget to additionally water under each tree - the place of the planned mushroom cultivation (approximately 30 liters). In those regions, the climate of which is warm and arid, the mycelium, where the mycelium grows, should be watered regularly, remembering that excessive watering leads to its rotting and death.

In the southern regions, the boletus planting period is May or early June. In central Russia and in the north-west of the country, disembarkation is carried out from August to mid-September. In boletus, the second year is fruitful.

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Nutrient Blend

The cultivation of porcini mushrooms is possible on the basis of a nutrient mixture, on which the mycelium develops and, as a result, boletus breeds. With this method of growing mushrooms, ready-made compost mycelium or seeds are used. The technology by which these representatives of the mushroom kingdom reproduce at home is known to many mushroom growers.

Mushroom production is carried out in this way: in a darkened area specially designated for planting, it is necessary to dig a small "pit", the depth of which should be 20-30 cm, and fill it with fallen leaves, grass, dust or tree bark, that is, a nutritious mixture, a layer of 7 -10 cm, on which the mycelium will grow.

As a second layer, sprinkle the soil collected under the trees or manure humus. Seeds in the substrate should be scattered evenly over the entire prepared area. Then again lay out a layer of the nutrient mixture, only already 3 cm thick.Fill the area with a 3-5 cm layer of garden soil on top.

With this method of sowing, moistening is carried out by a drop method, and in dry weather and high temperatures - as needed. Usually the manufacturer indicates that one pack of compost mycelium is enough, for example, to plant seeds on an area of ​​2 square meters. The first crop can be harvested after 30-38 days, and then every 1.5 weeks.

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Closed space

By the described method of cultivation, porcini mushrooms also reproduce in the greenhouse. Their seeds are planted in boxes, which are placed in a greenhouse, where they provide conditions for semi-darkness or diffused sunlight.You can turn on the electric lighting for 3-4 hours a day.

The air in greenhouse conditions where seeds germinate should be humidified by installing containers with water next to the boxes. Regular ventilation is also necessary. This is how, using seeds, you can get a large harvest of mushrooms in the country.

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Harvest from ready-made mycelium

For cultivation of a porcini mushroom near the house, a ready-made mycelium is also suitable. Its pieces, neatly dug out in the forest, should be placed in small holes previously prepared under the trees in the country. Cover the landing site with a bedding of forest soil (2-3 cm thick), sprinkling with water in dry weather. "Sowing" work should begin at the twentieth of August and end no later than the tenth of September.

Due to the complex symbiosis of mushrooms with trees, their industrial production is difficult, as a result of which it is unprofitable. But amateur mushroom growers are quite capable of growing a large harvest. In one season, you can collect a bucket of mushrooms under each tree.

If you decide to grow a porcini mushroom, then you should definitely use one of the ways to breed them at home.