How to grow champignons at home on stumps?

The content of the article:

• Growing mushrooms on stumps at home
• What mushrooms can be grown on tree stumps?
• Preparing for planting mycelium
• Mycelium cultivation technology
• Where to place the plantation?
• The successes of the mushroom industry in Russia

Any reproduction of various mushroom cultures involves several basic cultivation methods. One of the easiest and most effective methods is the cultivation of mycelium using forest waste. The most practical is the use of stumps of different types of trees on which it grows in nature. This cultivation method is called extensive. It implies the course of the growing process in natural conditions, under the open sky. In rare cases, this can be done in a basement. With this option, monetary investments and material and technical base are minimal, and the yield is quite high. However, this will depend on the climatic conditions in which you are located.

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home

The extensive reproduction technique is well suited for home use. Taking into account the peculiarities of this technology, it is possible to achieve large production scales, but it is quite often used to satisfy only household needs. The landing of several dozen families will regularly supply you and your relatives with a quality product. Industrial production volumes can be achieved through high optimization and the use of the most productive genera.

What mushrooms can be grown on tree stumps?

Under certain conditions, almost all types of mycelium are capable of growing on wood. Mushroom yields will vary considerably. In practical plant growing today, it is customary to cultivate two types of edible mushrooms: oyster mushrooms and honey agarics. However, it is most advisable to grow oyster mushrooms. This genus of wild plants gives the highest yield and cyclicality throughout the year. The technology of reproduction of different genera of this kingdom of botany on wood blocks is identical. Only the natural ability of various mycelium variants to bear fruit in a woody environment differs.

Preparing for planting mycelium

To carry out the procedure for infecting a timber stock with a seed mixture, a minimum amount of materials is required:

1. Wooden log.
2. Mycelium.
3. Ancillary equipment.

For the purpose of cultivation, you can pick up any options for low-grade wood. But it is better to prepare those varieties on which the spores prefer to grow in natural conditions. The logs should not be more than 1-2 years old. It is advisable to choose options with minimal signs of destruction, since mushrooms wear out the tree very aggressively and your growing environment will quickly exhaust its resource.

It is best to cook a damp and fairly fresh breed. The diameter of the blanks can vary from 15 to 30 cm. The optimal option is 20-25 cm. As mentioned, the most economically profitable family for home and industrial production is oyster mushroom. Mycelium of this kind is realized in several forms: various containers, plastic bags.

The main nuances worth knowing about are the substrate on which the mycelium is grown. The main types are: cereal grains, sawdust, bars, corn cobs. There is an opinion that the most promising option is a sowing medium grown on grains. However, no significant differences were found in base modifications.Storage of the cultivation substrate should not exceed 6-7 months. Otherwise, the prospect of reproduction of the dispute is reduced. It is best to plant fresh, healthy material.

The main requirements for storing mycelium are temperature (+ 2 ° C) and humidity. A quality planting substrate is a white conglomerate that is hard to the touch. If it is significantly changed, then there will be no harvest. The extensive method involves the use of micelated gruel or water, which is easy to pour into the seating nests. The tools with which you will prepare logs for infection can be varied. Your best bet is to have:

• drill;
• chainsaw;
• industrial film;
• locksmith staple;
• container for sterilizing logs.

Mycelium cultivation technology

For sowing oyster mushrooms or other genera, wooden logs are harvested, which are sawn into blocks of 30-40 cm, pre-soaking them in ordinary water for 1-2 weeks. If the blanks are freshly cut logs, then they do not need to be soaked. The entire infection algorithm boils down to the following basic manipulations:

1. Digestion of wooden blocks.
2. Cutting out niches of primary growth.
3. Seed medium preparation.
4. Infection.
5. Log wrapping.

To prevent the competitive growth of various microorganisms with fungi in the environment of wood and the destruction of antifungal substances, the method of heat treatment of the bar is used. To do this, place the logs in boiling water for 15-30 minutes.

For a better invasion of spores into a wooden blank and protecting it from adverse external influences, it should be correctly placed in a log. For this, several methods are used. The first, and the simplest, consists in placing the mycelium on the end of the bar and laying on top of the next one. Thus, an artificial trunk is formed, in which each next layer protects the mycelium of the previous one. Straw or sawdust is laid on the surface of the uppermost one.

The second method is the imposition of holes on the log, which serves as a protection. To do this, use a conventional drill to drill several holes up to 1-15 cm in diameter to a depth of 10 cm. The method of sawing the upper layer of the bar is also used. For its implementation, a 4-centimeter layer of log is cut down. The mycelium is placed on it and covered like a lid. Then fix it with nails.

To achieve the desired consistency, the mycelium is ground by hand and tightly placed in niches for cultivation. Then they are tightly sealed with wooden valves or paper wads for better incubation.

The micellar environment constantly requires a certain water content for growth. The logs must be kept at 80% moisture for growth to be successful. To preserve this environment, the hemp is wrapped in plastic wrap and fixed with staples. For good incubation, the workpieces are placed in a basement or in a building with minimal direct sunlight.

Where to place the plantation?

The bars are overgrown in 2 - 2.5 months. After about this time, the first traces of young growth appear on them. This is a good sign. Now the logs can be installed in their place of permanent residence. This is best done in a shaded garden. There they are buried to a depth of 10 cm. Now that your mushroom garden is ready, you need to periodically water it in very dry weather and harvest.

The successes of the mushroom industry in Russia

Taking into account the traditional use of oyster mushrooms, whites and other species of this plant organism in the Russian diet, mushroom cultivation is one of the most promising directions in plant growing. Every year the share of Russian companies in the segment of this type of production is significantly increasing.

In 2015, the supply of this kind of food products increased by 22%.The departure of foreign importers from the Russian market provides an excellent opportunity for domestic manufacturers, the volume of supplies of which covers only 10-15% of the Russian market. Companies involved in this segment show successful and stable economic growth. Some of the most successful mushroom growing enterprises in Russia are the industrial groups of the Moscow region and the Upper Volga region. Companies that occupy a large part of the Russian market show a constant increase in production and high profits: the Zapadny refrigeration plant (TM 4 seasons), Ledovo (TM Snezhana), Ledoy Mir (TM Smak), Khladokombinat No. 1 "(St. Petersburg)," Elikom ".

The success of these and many other farms lies in the high demand for this product and the rather easy technological process of growing. The market in our country has a large deficit in this sector and is one of the most promising in the economy. The peculiarities of obtaining the product make it possible to achieve high profitability and payback of the goods. Most of the regions in the country are suitable for this type of business. Government programs and subsidies stimulate the development of large manufacturing companies and small private farms.

Growing mushrooms is a great hobby, even for those who are only superficially familiar with mushroom growing. You can grow mushrooms not only intensively, but also extensively - on stumps (so you can harvest directly in your garden). The most suitable mushrooms for planting on stumps are oyster mushrooms. But you can get honey mushrooms, tinder fungi or saw-leaves. But you are unlikely to grow champignons in this way. In this article we will talk about growing oyster mushrooms on stumps.

Selection and preparation of stumps

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country? Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps requires careful preparation. The first step is to choose the stump itself, which will serve as the foundation for the future mycelium.

It is recommended to choose cuts of deciduous wood (up to half a meter in length) or to use the stumps that are left from recently felled trees. If you want to successfully grow oyster mushrooms on stumps, select hardwood hardwood. Maple, ash, birch, aspen or poplar wood will serve as a good material. Conifers have a detrimental effect on the mycelium, because they contain a huge amount of caustic resins that destroy the mycelium. To ensure the moisture level necessary for growing oyster mushrooms, you should hold the stumps in a container of water for a couple of days, although this is not necessary if you are using fresh wood.

After preparing the log, add the mycelium. This can be done in several different ways. You can make holes in the hemp in a checkerboard pattern, up to 6 cm deep and up to 1 cm in diameter. The mycelium is simply poured into such holes (you need its grain variety), and after the hole you must close it with moss or adhesive tape. If the mycelium is stick-shaped, place it in the holes you made earlier and close them using plasticine.

You can saw off a not too large disc (about 2–3 cm), cover the end of the log with mycelium, and completely close the top with a disc, securely fixing it with nails. You can also cover the end of the log with mycelium (1 cm layer), place another log covered with mycelium on top, then a third, and so on. The result is a kind of column covered with mycelium.

After the job has been done, it is necessary to place the logs with mycelium in the basement. This is considered the best option, although a barn can be used as a place to store the lumps. As a last resort, a garage is also suitable, although experts are extremely negative about this option. The chocks themselves are folded in a pyramid and covered with burlap on top. If you used the third method, simply place the logs vertically, creating a kind of column.They are placed in several rows, and straw and sawdust are poured in between them. They are also sprinkled with sawdust on top, and then wrapped with burlap on the sides.

Planting hemp in the ground

The next stage in the cultivation of mushrooms is placing the stumps in the ground. It is best to do this in May, when it finally gets warmer. For planting, choose a shaded place so that the growing mycelium is as comfortable as possible. Dig a shallow hole (up to 10-15 cm) and line the bottom with sawdust or damp leaves. The stump is neatly placed there. Make sure that the distance between the stumps is at least 35 cm. After the stumps have been planted in the ground, water them as needed.

Growing technology

There are several ways to grow mushrooms on stumps. How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps in a trench? Dig a shallow trench (about 15 cm) and cover the bottom with pearl barley to provide good nutrition for the mushrooms. After that, put the disinfected grain mycelium on top, having previously kneaded it well with your hands.

The amount should be about 300 g for each stump. Boldly place wet stumps on the mycelium, and lightly sprinkle with soil. How to grow oyster mushrooms with mycelium sowing on stump cuts?

Treat the ends of the stumps with grain mycelium by applying it with a spatula or using a spatula.

These stumps are stacked one on top of the other, then tied with wire for strength. How to grow mushrooms by placing mycelium deep into the wood mass? Punch shallow staggered holes in the hemp. Pour grain mycelium there and close the holes with a wooden stopper, sawdust or moss.

Further care

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home is not difficult at all, you just need to follow a few important rules for caring for mushrooms. First, watering. Water the soil around the stumps very carefully; excess moisture harms the mushrooms. You can use a spray bottle instead of pouring water from a watering can.

It is best to water the hemp only during the dry period, because with optimal air humidity, additional moisture is not required for oyster mushrooms. Secondly, take care of sheltering your "mushroom plantation" for the winter. Spruce branches, foliage or straw are best suited (you just need to cover the stumps so that they do not suffer from frost).

Harvesting

So when can you harvest your first crop? If all the necessary conditions are met, the first harvest can be obtained already a month after planting. By this time, the mycelium should finally take root.

During the season, you can collect mushrooms several times. In general, such plantations can bear fruit from three to five years, and you can harvest the most abundant crops in the second and third years. If you do not place mycelium in a substrate with small particles, but choose solid wood, you will have to wait longer for the harvest, but you can harvest it within 5-7 years.

Of course, the amount of the harvest will directly depend on the weather conditions in your region, because your "plantation" grows almost naturally. In addition, the harvest can be obtained only twice a year - in the spring and autumn. This is quite a profitable activity, since this method of growing does not take much time and gives good results. Of course, such an activity is unlikely to bring much profit, but growing mushrooms is an extremely exciting process that can interest anyone.

Video "Growing mushrooms on stumps"

In this video, you will learn how to properly grow mushrooms on stumps.

Technology of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps. Description. Video

Large-scale cultivation of oyster mushrooms, when the harvests are on an industrial scale, is associated with the use of intensive cultivation methods. For this, a special room and bags with a straw substrate are usually used.But the intensive method, for various reasons, is not suitable for every mushroom lover. In this case, the solution may be to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps.

It is possible that for beginners in the field of mushroom growing, it is the cultivation of oyster mushrooms at home on stumps (extensive method) that would be an ideal launching pad, which is largely due to the fact that the time and effort required in this case will be minimal.

Growing champignons at home for beginners, as well as for experienced mushroom pickers, is a modern, fashionable, exciting activity. This is both a kind of hobby and a source of additional income, if you approach business rationally and competently.

Champignons are a fairly popular, always in demand, tasty and healthy food product. They do not stale on store shelves, despite the fact that they do not have the lowest cost. Growing them yourself, you will always be sure of their "pure" origin. They are useful: they contain glucose, carbohydrates, vitamins, 18 amino acids, easily digestible fats. They are also harmoniously combined with any products, they can be boiled, fried, baked, pickled, canned.

This mushroom is incredibly tasty, low in calories, and is an excellent alternative to meat (which undoubtedly attracts the attention of vegetarians).

Knowing how to grow mushrooms at home, you can provide yourself, as well as your friends and relatives with a quality product.

Champignons, photo:

Before starting to practice mushroom growing, you should sensibly assess your desires and capabilities. In addition to time and money (purchase of materials), you must have appropriate premises. Some skills, a detailed study of information on the relevant Internet forums, the presence of a competent advisor will never hurt you. If we compare the process of growing mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, then our case, of course, is more time consuming. But if you compare it with the worries and nuances of growing porcini mushrooms, then it will be much easier, shorter in terms.

↑ back to content ↑ Where do mushrooms grow in nature?

If we consider natural conditions, then they are found almost everywhere. Forests, steppes, meadows, forest edges, lowlands, open spaces with moist soil and even semi-deserts, mountain forests are common habitats.

As for the "home" conditions, they can grow in a garden or vegetable garden, cellar, basement, specially equipped garage, greenhouse.

How to grow mushrooms? Many years of experience of mushroom pickers have proven that they grow best where the basement is equipped with good ventilation.

In this case, the air temperature should be relatively cool (not higher than +20 ° C), and if this process is set to flow, then the indicator of the mercury column on the thermometer should vary between +12 .. + 18 ° C all year round. The percentage of humidity should be approximately 70..85%, lighting does not play a special role.

It is not recommended to grow mushrooms in an apartment due to the lack of all the required standards: temperature, the presence of compost (odors from it), lack of space.

↑ to content ↑ Cultivation of champignons at home - technology

The necessary factors for a successful process are:

1. The right choice of location.
2. Disinfection of the premises.
3. Microclimate organization.
4. Competent preparation of the substrate.
5. Composting.
6. Mycelium selection.
7. Planting mycelium.
8. Appropriate care.

As mentioned above, under properly organized conditions, mushrooms can be grown throughout the year. The technology itself is not very complex, as it might initially seem. From the very beginning, you need to correctly arrange everything, and then the process will go along the knurled path. This work can even be called creative, something like a hobby.To date, breeders have bred approximately 50 varieties of this mushroom, which have minor differences in appearance. The color of the cap, its structure, and the duration of storage may vary, but all cultivated varieties are “children” of the common white champignon.

An example of a light brown variety in the photo:

Let's consider basement growing as a basic example, since this method is considered the most common. For so-called “cellar” breeding, it is best to choose high-yielding varieties such as Sylvan 130, Hauser A15 or Somycel 512. They are quite unpretentious, it is not difficult to take care of them, and they are also very "prolific".

Remember - the most important factor for the successful result of your efforts is the presence of well-established ventilation in the room where the mushrooms will grow!

A constant supply of fresh air is very important, since during growth they emit carbon dioxide, and its excessive concentration in the room leads to stretching, lengthening of the mushroom leg.

↑ back to content ↑ Growing mushrooms in the basement

The selected room must be decontaminated. This factor does not depend on whether it is a basement, a garage or a separate shed. As mentioned above, in addition to high-quality ventilation, there must be a high level of humidity. This is necessary for the qualitative growth of mushrooms, but high humidity is a direct path to the appearance of mold and various fungi on the walls and shelves. In addition, the champignons themselves are extremely sensitive to all kinds of parasites and diseases. Therefore, the processing of the premises is an indispensable item for the mushroom grower.

How to grow champignons at home - disinfection of the premises:

1. Of the most common, often used, it is whitewashing of the ceiling, walls, all surfaces with limestone with copper sulfate (copper sulfate) added to it. The so-called "recipe": 2 or 3 kg of slaked lime + 100 g of copper sulfate per bucket of water (10 liters). When working with disinfectants, be sure to wear a face shield!
2. The second method is more dangerous for the human respiratory tract and also requires protection. 350 g of bleach is taken, diluted with 10 liters of water, applied by irrigating the walls of the room.
3. Irrigation of walls and other surfaces with 4% formalin, using a construction spray gun is the most convenient.
4. You can fumigate a room with a sulfuric checker - it also gives a very effective preventive effect.
5. Chlorophos is a radical, destructive method, but too poisonous in its composition. It works not only on mold, but also on harmful insects.

After any treatment, the room must be properly ventilated - this is also a prerequisite.

Let's go back to ventilation, or rather - let's clarify one nuance: the air should be fresh, but drafts should be excluded. It is better to close ventilation pipes ("strangleholds") with nets with a fine mesh - this will create an obstacle to the penetration of insects, as well as a small barrier for air masses. If you have a serious room of large size, and the cultivation is put on stream, then the ventilation system should be more global, with additional fans located above each large box. If opportunities allow, then the installation of air purifiers with replaceable filters will not be superfluous for this business.

It is clear that a thermometer with a hygrometer is essential for a room where mushrooms are grown. So you can always control the level of humidity in the air: if there is a lack - to irrigate with water from a spray bottle, if there is an excess - to ventilate. With the onset of the summer heat, fans solve this problem, but if the cultivation of this type of mushroom takes place throughout the year, then in addition to all the aforementioned benefits of civilization, you will also need additional heating of the basement or cellar.

Large cellar room, photo:

It is best if your cellar, in addition to all the requirements for growing, will have an earthen floor (not concrete). By and large, the more purposeful the room will be adapted specifically for mushroom growing, the better. Any unnecessary additional factors in the basement, cellar, garage or shed that are not related to the cultivation of mushrooms will only interfere and disrupt the "microclimate" of the room.

To the "pluses" of mushroom science can be added the fact that they are able to perfectly bear fruit even in complete darkness. This sets them apart from all other green dwellers. The weakest light bulb is enough - they will feel comfortable, but the light, rather, will be more useful to you in order to comfortably navigate in place.

If growing champignons at home initially has far-reaching plans, the owner has a large room, then dividing it into 2 zones will be a reasonable, convenient solution. Simply put - mushrooms must originate somewhere, and a specially prepared substrate is designed for this process (more on that later). So, in one zone there will be a substrate through which the mycelium will spread (this is called incubation). In the second compartment, boxes with mushrooms will be placed directly, where they will be distilled.

The temperature regime of these two compartments should also be different: mycelium usually grows at a temperature of +23 .. + 24 C °, and the growth of mushrooms occurs at a temperature column of +16 .. + 18 C °. If you get used to it, work out your own "schedule" of moving boxes from one zone to another, you will be able to grow these delicious, beloved mushrooms all year round.

↑ to content ↑ Compost for growing mushrooms

Composting (substrate) preparation is one of the most critical aspects of mushroom growing. The quality of the mushrooms will directly depend on the properly prepared substrate. Usually, when you buy mushroom mycelium, the packaging with the contents indicates the appropriate substrate for this variety, as well as the nuances of its preparation. The varieties are different, and the composition of the compost, its collection technology may vary. However, most often these parameters do not differ significantly.

Mycelium, photo:

The substrate should be prepared either in a specially designated room for this purpose, or in the open air (outdoors), under a well-equipped canopy. It is important that no precipitation (rain) or sun rays fall on the compost. It is also highly discouraged to pour compost on the “bare” ground - spread a sheet of thick plastic wrap. Thus, unwanted insects or any other pests will not penetrate into the substrate. It should not touch the ground, but blowing air over it from all sides is a must!

The mushroom compost should be moderately moist, as excess moisture can disrupt proper fermentation processes.

Be that as it may, the street is the best place for the maturation of the substrate, the active release of ammonia, carbon dioxide will not be useful to anyone. The average time of "readiness" of the substrate, its fermentation, is approximately 25-30 days. During this period, it is recommended to stir it at least three times (to ensure even fermentation). You will know that the process has come to an end by the absence of a specific smell of ammonia. By this time, its color acquires a brownish tint. While the substrate is fermenting, the temperature inside it can be about +50 .. + 65 C °, and the compost already ready for use has a temperature of no more than +24 .. + 25 C °.

By the way, to enrich the contents of the compost when you first stir it, you can add crushed lime to the general composition. During the second mixing - superphosphate fertilizer, during the third - ground gypsum or its construction analogue (alabaster).Already "ready" substrate, in addition to the above-described features, does not stick to hands, springy with tactile contact, the straw is extremely softened, easily divided into fragments.

As an alternative to the independent process of compiling the substrate, you can advise the purchase of ready-made compost, which is sold in the garden departments of supermarkets or flower shops. Of course, such a substrate will be of lower quality than one prepared with one's own hand, although it will be written on the package that it has all the required characteristics.

It is up to you to decide what is more convenient for you, whether you have the time to carry out all the points of preparation for growing these mushrooms. While looking at the common attributes of good compost, let's highlight the main ingredients.

The composition of the compost for growing mushrooms:

1. For these purposes, it is considered to be the best horse waste products. In addition, it is important to consider that the horses ate hay, and not green grass. The moisture content of horse manure for composing the substrate should be approximately 45%. Horse waste can be replaced with cow or bird waste, but, according to the experience of seasoned mushroom pickers, the harvest on such a "basis" will be much worse. So, you need about 100 kg of horse manure.
2. Straw - choose a dry, rye or wheat variety. You will also need about 100 kg of it.
3. Alabaster (gypsum) - about 6 kg.
4. In other cases, alabaster is replaced with urea (2.5-3 kg) or the same amount of nitrate (per 100 kg of straw and 1000 kg of manure). As we remember, these fertilizer additives are applied while mixing the compost.
5. Again, using 100 kg of horse waste, 100 kg of well-dried rye straw, 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of chalk, 2 kg of superphosphate, 8.5 kg of gypsum, when mixed, will create an optimal ratio of ingredients.

How to grow mushrooms at home? Use fresh animal waste while still providing maximum nutrient content. Make sure that there are no coniferous shavings or sawdust in the introduced components - they release resin, and these mushrooms feel it, react painfully to its presence. Phosphate fertilizers, as well as urea, are actually highly recommended, useful - they are sources of phosphorus and nitrogen, which are so necessary for mushrooms. But chalk normalizes the acidity of the substrate, maintains the optimal pH level.

Champignons: Growing at home - the easiest way to create layers:

1. We take a convenient wide container, fill it with hot water, soak the straw for about 24 hours.
2. After that, we lay it in layers together with manure. You will have about 5-6 layers. Do not forget to moisten each layer with not very hot water, lightly, but do not moisten abundantly.
3. After 3 days have passed, we take a pitchfork and thoroughly mix the compost-straw "cake", but at the same time we add fertilizers - superphosphate with urea (urea). At this stage, the substrate begins to smell strongly of ammonia. After 4 days, we shovel the substrate again, additionally adding those dressings that are required by the standard for this variety.
4. In general, the mixing of the compost should be done about 4 or 5 times at a time. Spare no effort on this - useful elements will be evenly distributed throughout the composition, and the mass will acquire a relatively uniform consistency.

The so-called "care" for compost has already been described above, but I would like to add, repeat about the warning about excessive moisture. Too much moisture in the substrate will slow down its maturation, but even worse, it will wash out all the useful ingredients required for development and growth from the mixture.

Compost components (dry hay, horse manure, fertilizers), photo:

↑ back to content ↑ Champignon mycelium - planting

The substrate, of course, should be purchased from a reliable representative (best of all - special laboratories).When the compost is already ripe, we transfer it to the agreed place, put it in boxes or special forms, where further actions will take place:

1. To get a good harvest of mushrooms, about 500 g of mycelium or 400 g of these varietal spores are needed per 1 m² of compost.
2. If mycelium is used, then small dimples, 4 or 5 cm deep, should be made over the entire surface of the container with compost, at a distance of 20 cm from each other. An appropriate amount of mycelium is laid in these pits, but if fungal spores are used for sowing, then they are simply scattered evenly over the surface of the substrate.
3. After a while, you will notice cobweb strings covering the surface of the compost containers. By this time, the temperature of the air humidity in the room should be at the level of 75-95%. To prevent the substrate from drying out, it can be sprinkled from time to time with clean, settled water from a spray bottle, and additionally covered with a clean, damp cloth or paper.
4. The mushroom mushroom begins to grow at a temperature of +20 .. + 28 C °, the active phase of the spread of the mushroom "spider web" occurs after about 10 or 12 days, then the top layer of compost will need to be sprinkled with the appropriate soil mixture (about 4-5 cm), wait another 3 days, after which move the containers with future mushrooms to a colder room with a temperature of +12 .. + 16 ° C. Or, forcibly lower the temperature in the room to a given indicator of the mercury column.
5. Please note that ordinary garden soil for "sprinkling" will not work for you. Prepare in advance a mixture of 1 part of limestone, 5 parts of peat, 4 parts of clean soil. After 3 - 3.5 months, expect the first well-deserved results of your labors.

A harvest from one mycelium can give from 5 to 8 ripening periods for new mushrooms. This is called a "wave", the most generous collection of mushrooms falls on the first three "waves". Here it is important to catch the moment of ripening - when the cap is still tightened from below with a thin white skin (film), and brown plates are not yet visible. Mushrooms need to be twisted, as it were, from the place of their growth, but not cut off (so that harmful bacteria do not penetrate into the mycelium through the cut site).

After the crop is harvested, gently sprinkle the substrate with the above-described soil mixture again. During the next two weeks, they will grow especially actively.

A mushroom correctly extracted from the soil, photo:

Hat in optimal ripening state, photo:

↑ to the content ↑ How to grow mushrooms in the country in the open field?

In addition to the most commonly used "basement" method of growing mushrooms described above, there are other alternatives. For example, how to grow mushrooms at home, namely, at their summer cottage. Sometimes, for some reason (lack of a basement, garage or other suitable premises), the desire to grow these mushrooms seems impossible. But if you are the happy owner of a summer cottage, everything is feasible!

The most successful period for this is summer and autumn, here it is also important to choose a comfortable place. Champignons - where do they grow? In shaded places, on specially prepared soil, the place for the mycelium should be moderately moist, the earth should not dry out, the sun's rays should not illuminate the chosen place too much. To protect against drought on hot days, the beds are often covered with plastic wrap or special covering material to create a certain microclimate. It is important to bring mushrooms as close as possible to conditions similar to their natural growth environment. Since we cannot influence the weather conditions, we must try to give the mushrooms moisture - when they need it, as well as the availability of fresh air.

In the garden under the trees, photo:

After sowing the mycelium in the beds, in the open field, growing champignons - their technology, practically does not differ from the rules for growing in a cellar.After a couple of weeks, the "cobwebs" of mycelium grow over the soil surface, at this point the temperature is lowered by sprinkling the soil surface with a thin (up to 5 cm) layer of moist earth. The temperature, similarly, should vary within +12 .. + 15 С °, but in no case should it reach above +20 С °. As in the above method, it will be much more productive if this land contains peat and limestone. Regular watering (or rather, delicate irrigation) is best done after sunset - this will optimally moisturize the soil and prevent a dense earth crust from forming. With the right approach to business, in about 3-4 weeks you can expect a harvest of your own mushrooms.

Mycelium sprouts cobwebs, photo:

Let's summarize how to grow mushrooms in the country:

1. It is better to plant mycelium or spores on soil specially prepared for this. This can be soil brought from the forest area.
2. The soil should be optimally saturated with fertilizing, be well moistened, not have stones, brick fragments or remnants of old roots.
3. It is best to plant mushrooms outdoors at a neutral air temperature - +21 .. + 22 ° C.
4. If a greenhouse is chosen for planting, you should carefully monitor the level of humidity and air temperature in it. The conditions are not very different from the basement or garage cultivation of mushrooms. It should be remembered that heat and drought are destructive for them.
5. As already mentioned, the planting technique does not differ from the "basement" analogue (20 cm from each other, shallow pits, dusting with soil mixture after the appearance of the "cobweb").
6. With the receipt of the first mushrooms, the abundance of watering can be reduced (so that the roots do not rot), irrigation is our everything in this matter.

After all the waves of the mushroom harvest come to naught, the spent substrate can be simply disposed of, or it can be quite successfully used as an organic fertilizer or mulch for some trees or even flower beds. Of course, for re-growing mushrooms, it is no longer suitable, but as an excellent top dressing for your green inhabitants, it will quite serve. As for all kinds of containers, boxes after harvesting and composting, they will require mandatory disinfection treatment, as well as the room where the mushrooms were grown.

↑ back to content ↑ Reviews of those who grew champignons

Champignon is such a mushroom, the demand for which is much higher than for oyster mushroom. For example, we buy them for every holiday, but oyster mushrooms, perhaps once or twice a year. If oyster mushroom can be grown in the garage without any preparation, then, for the champignon, you need to specially equip the room with ventilation, irrigation, and an automatic system for maintaining the set temperature.

Goshek

A friend of mine grew mushrooms in the basement of a wooden house. As a result, the logs were infected with a fungus. It is better to grow them in a specially designed room.

Nadia

Hi, I don't know if my experience will come in handy, I really just collect them, I work on the farm where they are grown. 1) they do not need light at all. They grow in our dark hangars. When we work, we turn on the light, of course. When not, then no. 2) When they germinate, you do not need to water them. It is necessary to water before such small fungi come out, otherwise if water gets on them, they get dirty and get sick 3). We have sawdust (more precisely, compost with straw) in a layer of about 15 cm, and sprinkled with earth on top. The ground layer is about 5 cm. The total height of the beds, respectively, is 15 + 5 cm. 4) Temperature + 15-20, the lower (up to 15), the supposedly better they grow. 5) I don’t know about humidity, I haven’t seen the sensors even once, but it’s quite possible - since we have them in 5 rows (racks) 6) Harvesting: Tear off carefully, as if unscrewing it from the ground, it is enough to make half a turn. Collect gradually as it grows.As soon as the caps begin to open (they become such a brownish color and soft to the touch, but have not yet opened), collect everything that has come out with the exception of the smallest ones the size of a fingernail. Water again, as it should, and wait a week for the second harvest. Then you can wait for the third. We have the third - the last one, then everything is thrown away (composted) and everything is laid again anew.

Nadya

Yes, they grow on their own 😉 We put cow dung in a pile, and the cows graze in the meadow, where mushrooms and hats are found and eat. Here we grew up on last year's manure, and when they sprinkled the garden with manure, they still grew there for 3 years, not much, but there was enough for pizza.

Gopher

Growing champignons at home for beginners cannot be called an entirely easy process, but, as in any new business, observing the rules, as well as taking into account the advice from already experienced mushroom pickers, will undoubtedly help you in this interesting, exciting activity. And the crop grown with your own hands will delight you, your loved ones and, quite possibly, will bring material income!