How to grow salmon at home?

salmon and trout farming

Yes, I remember those times when salmon was a luxury for many people. But today it is quite rapidly transforming, and in many countries it has long been turned into the most common everyday food. And all this happens due to the intensive development of Atlantic salmon mariculture. Pond fishing is one of the most popular fish farming industries. It is the cultivation of red fish that has long competed with conventional fishing.
Consider breeding red fish using salmon as an example. Gourmets believe that the best salmon is the one that grew in the cold fjords off the coast of Norway. Today, catching this fish in the wild has become almost legendary for a long time. Indeed, in Norway itself, where fish farming is very common, 70% of salmon is grown in ponds. In Russia, the technology of breeding red fish in ponds is not very popular, since there are still many reserves in the North and Baltic Seas.
Salmon fish are distinguished by their elite dietary meat and, moreover, by their red caviar. Strange as it may seem, but 80% of this delicacy is supplied to Russia from the Far East. That is why the creation of salmon farms remains a young and promising area of ​​farming in the future. Today, by drawing up a well-thought-out business plan for breeding salmon fish, you can earn a lot of income.
Converting wild ponds into fish breeding grounds is not easy. Future farmers will either have to privatize them or rent them. It should be borne in mind that salmon are very sensitive to environmental changes. Plus, in order to popularize such types of fish farms, it is necessary to introduce initiatives, to hold competitions between existing farms. In other words, show the state your capabilities. And it, in turn, can attract investment.

In total, there are 20 species of trout, but most often in our climatic conditions 2 species are bred:

• pestle (stream),
• rainbow; Several highly productive subspecies are popular: the deep-sea Canadian camloops and Donaldson's trout, their growth rates are 2 times higher, and their fertility is higher by all 30%.

Both species are predatory, which affects their diet: beetles, dragonflies, frogs, small fish varieties (verkhovka, ide, minnow).

Growth can be characterized by the following numbers:

• up to a year, the mass of fry does not exceed 30 g,
• the weight of one-year-old fish is from 100 to 125 g,
• weight of 2 year olds - from 200 g.

In Russia, salmon (salmon) farming is not yet developed, since the technology of its cultivation involves the use of laboratories and other rather expensive technologies. But trout farming is gaining momentum.
For pond breeding of trout, sufficient areas and regulation of temperature regimes of water are required. It is important to note that trout, like all salmonids, feeds well and grows in winter and summer. The fish productivity of trout ponds reaches 1000 centners per hectare.The most common species for cultivation are rainbow and brook trout.
For trout fish farms, the best are springs with a constant water temperature (springs, streams, small rivers). Trout farms are divided into full-system and non-full-system. The first ones breed trout from their own producers. At the same time, the farm must maintain its own production herd aged 4 - 7 years and their replacement 1 - 2 years.
The main thing in salmon farming (especially trout and salmon) is the availability of sufficient oxygen in the water for rapid metabolism and growth.

variety of salmon

Having decided to start breeding trout at home, you need to clearly decide where the fish will be kept, there may be several options:

1. Breeding trout in ponds

When creating an artificial reservoir, you can use clay. You need to fill the pond with fresh water, but ideally you need to provide a supply of fresh artesian water. A necessary moment is the organization of the "old" water runoff. To do this, you can use treatment systems or initially design special drainage wells. It is difficult to control the temperature of the water, but for the successful growth of fish, it is necessary to prevent the temperature from dropping below 1.5 ° C.

2. Breeding trout in salt water

The difference from the previous version is that salt water is used. It is recommended to gradually switch to seawater. In fish in such water, the metabolism in seawater increases, therefore, growth rates are accelerated.

3. Breeding trout in swimming pools

To save yourself the trouble of building a trout pond at home, you can purchase a special pool (h

Trout will not breed on their own in captivity, so you will have to engage in artificial insemination. This can take place according to the following scheme:

1. during the spawning period, the best mature producers are selected, they are placed separately;
2. when the eggs of the females mature, it must be separated, for this the female is wrapped in a clean cloth and the eggs are carefully squeezed into a clean container;
3. then strain the sperm onto the eggs, gently stirring it (a bird's feather is suitable for this);
4. add a small amount of water;
5. leave the eggs alone for 5 minutes, during which time fertilization should occur.

It should be taken into account that if eggs are removed from immature females, the percentage of fertilized eggs will be low.

In trout farming on a large scale, for a more comfortable collection of eggs from females, selected producers are given anesthesia. They also practice the use of various stimulating solutions to increase the proportion of fertilized eggs, for example, Hamor's solution.

We also bring to your attention a short video on this topic. Enjoy your viewing!

 

Salmon is a delicious fish with red meat and exquisite taste. You can organize your business by raising salmon and supplying fish to the market, to a restaurant, by establishing relationships with partners. To do this, you need to provide the fish with the necessary care. Most importantly, the very first thing is a body of water. Most often, an artificial reservoir is used for breeding salmon; natural ones are not welcome here.

A ditch specially dug for this purpose is suitable. The bottom should not be left as it is, it is also not necessary to cover it with sand. The ditch needs concreteso that the bottom surface is flat, smooth. In addition, it will make the ditch more visible.

The parameters of the ditch are different, depending on the number of young animals and their age, which you are going to release to a new place of residence. In length it can be 20 meters (with a small farm), or maybe a hundred. The width is more or less standard, one and a half meters. In depth - about a meter. Take water from the main canal.

Please note that the place from where you supply water should be located opposite the hole that releases water, that is, at the other end of the channel.Both openings must be protected by shields, on the supply there is a valve. It is not uncommon for these holes to become a pass into the channel for unwanted guests - small fish. Various animals, garbage. Your fish can also escape from the channel.

To avoid this, you need to install both there and there metal meshwhich will prevent the media from mixing. Youngsters are released rather densely. If these are one-year-old fish, then you can settle up to one and a half hundred per square meter. Their weight at this age is 10, 15 grams. If they are two years old, then the density should be less, of course.

There is one more thing to consider when setting up a salmon canal. Young fish often get overheated, they cannot stand bright sunlight. Therefore, across the channel, at intervals of 15-20 meters, it is necessary to install shields that will protect the fish from bright sunlight. Juveniles will gather under such impromptu canopies if they start to bake.

An important point is salmon nutrition. Salmon is a rather whimsical fish in food; any fish food that can be purchased at a zoological store will not suit it. The most popular ready-made dressing for salmon is KRT-6. In the diet of fish, it can be up to 70%. Fish also need fresh and non-living feed. Live food - worms, for example - are dispersed, if possible, evenly over the entire surface of the canal.

For non-living feed, special devices are needed - slate boards. You attach them to the inner walls of the channels. So that it is convenient for the fish to get food. You simply spread the food itself on this plate. The consistency must be appropriate. What can you feed fish, besides KRT-6? In the diet of salmon, it is important to have spleenso grind it into minced meat. And "serve." You also need to give such minced meat from fresh fish. In total, such a diet should leave 30-35 percent of the daily feed rate.

If you want the fish to eat a variety of foods, add cod caviar, minced salmon liver, and feed yeast to the feed. You can also lay out food on special tables in the pool.

Every day, in the morning, check for dead fish in the channel. If there is (and they are almost always), immediately remove them with a special net. Also remove any leftover food from the water. That is the necessary minimum of sanitary standards that must be observed when breeding salmon in artificial conditions.

Spawning in salmon it occurs in November and December. It is desirable that the temperature is not lower than 5 degrees in water, then the eggs will ripen in 80 days. If it is cold close to zero, then they can develop within two hundred days. Too hot water also should not be - they will simply die.

For me and my family, this place is special and this is where I wanted to get so badly when planning a trip to Karelia. The Kemsky fish hatchery is the very place where my grandmother spent her entire working life (from an ordinary employee to the director) and, of course, this is the place where I have been a hundred times and where I can tell a lot.

This plant should not be confused with any fish farm. These are fundamentally different enterprises, which have more differences than anything in common. The purpose of the construction of the described plant was to compensate for the colossal damage caused by the construction of a cascade (4 stations) of the Kemsky HPPs, and not to raise fish for its further processing or sale. In 1971, fish breeders from all over the country came to work in an unfamiliar area at a completely new and unfinished plant, where work on reproduction continues to this day.

I prepared an exclusive photo report about the work of the plant together with my grandmother, an honored fish breeder of Russia. Let's go see how it actually happens:

one.Naturally, it is almost impossible for anyone to get into the factory, but I found a way to get inside specifically to shoot this reportage.

2. The first thing that catches your eye is the administrative building of the plant. Here are the offices of the director, the chief fish farmer, the accounting department and the chief mechanic.

3. Industrial building of the plant. There are three workshops (incubation, underyearlings rearing workshop, two-year-old rearing workshop), a boiler room, a feed kitchen, two warehouses, a material and feed warehouse, an engineering and technical department, a duty room, household premises for male and female personnel, a dryer, showers, a garage, and workshop.

4. We pass inside the production building and begin our excursion.

5. First of all, we go to the incubation shop. In the workshop there is a minimum amount of light and a complete lack of daylight due to which the caviar will immediately die. That is why you see dark curtains on the windows.

6. Here is a tray and aluminum frames for salmon caviar (salmon, palia).

7. Employees of the plant constantly monitor the stages of development of the embryo. At this stage, a sensitive stage passes and it is necessary to wait for more gentle conditions after the appearance of eye pigmentation in the egg. By the way, you cannot eat such caviar, not because it is official, but because it is hard and not tasty at all. So hussars, jokes aside.

8. I almost forgot to tell you where the caviar comes from. The fish hatchery specialists catch producers (male and female salmon and char), keep them in special cages installed on the rivers where they live in their natural environment. (salmon caviar is taken immediately). Further, after the maturation of the reproductive products, the producers are taken to the plant and there they take the eggs of the females, the milk of the males and fertilize them. In this case, the female and the male remain alive and are released back into the river.

9. This year 370,000 eggs were laid. According to the plan, 160,000 fish should be released from this amount of eggs into the reservoirs of Karelia

10. And more about the technical part. Before you is a valve that, if necessary, shuts off the water. In a normal situation, water flows constantly - running and without any heating. Water enters the plant without any purification from the Kem riverbed.

11. This is not a bathtub, but a plastic pool that is home to the so-called underyearlings. Underyearlings are juveniles no more than one year old. Fingerlings - this year.

12. So, for example, as soon as the char becomes older than 1 year, it is released into the reservoir at the next release of fish. The release of fish is carried out in several ways. Helicopter or cars equipped with special containers. Salmon growing lasts 2 years, after which it is released

13. Now, briefly about the water supply system of the plant. Several hundred meters away there is a water intake, to which pipes from the plant lead, distributing water to all pools. The water intake is equipped with a special mesh that does not allow other fish to enter the water, as well as various organic debris (algae, grass, foliage)

14. In the shops where there are pools with fish, the system is exactly the same as in the incubator. That is, water constantly enters and is discharged into the river through such drainage systems.

15. To prevent fish from going into the pipes, each pool is equipped with a barrage drum. He is in front of you in the photo

16. Now about the feeding system. In front of you is the control panel for all the feeding troughs of the plant. The idea is simple - all the feeders of the plant feed the fish themselves. The responsible fish farmer sets the feed time, the pause between feedings.

17. This is how the most common feeder looks like.

18. Another feature - the fisherman sets a gap on the feeder, which determines the volume of feed. Higher is more, lower is less. It is also necessary to say that the feed is filled up by the employees of the plant, and they take it from the feed shop.

19. The feed shop looks like this. The trolleys in the photo are not needed in winter, but we will return to them.Bathroom for washing various dishes, which is visible from the edge of the photo. The kneading machines in the photo are for the production of feed mixture. That is, if medicines or vitamins need to be added to the feed, the feed is mixed in vats.

20. Also in this room the feed is weighed.

21. Here is the food. Stored in special containers

22. A ration table has been prepared for fish farmers. You will not confuse anything and will not spoil

23. Let's go back to the shop. Let's take a look at two-year-old salmon from the Keret River.

24. Here they are. Naturally, much more than underyearlings

25. Barely persuaded to show the fish for photography

26. True, the photo itself did not work. The fish cannot be kept in the air for a long time, otherwise it will be stressed.

27. There is a special inventory for each type of fish.

28. And also a container with disinfectant for inventory. After work, employees must definitely process it.

29. The heating system is carried out by an automatic boiler house that runs on diesel fuel. They used to burn coal, but now everything is modern.

30. A telephone connection is established in each workshop and room. As they say, just in case, and to control the entire process.

31. The photo shows the largest pools inside the plant. There are only three of them. It is here, when the time comes, that the very males and females of the producers are. Now two-year-old salmon live here, which will go to other pools in the spring.

32. Speaking of the plant's achievements. Since 1971, the Onega salmon have been removed from the Red Book and a huge amount of fish has been released, which feeds many people in Karelia.

33. At different times, salmon, palia and salmon were grown here. Also incubated (released by fry): whitefish, smelt, vendace, peled.

34. The last place that I will show is the trout ditches located on the street.

35. Two-year-old salmon are grown in summer on trout ditches. Total 20 pools

This is how the place looks like, in which I once had a chance to work. I am ready to answer any of your questions.

Salmon (Salmo Salar or Atlantic salmon) is a large predatory fish that lives in the north of the Atlantic Ocean. In Russia, salmon is found in the basins of the Baltic, White and Barents Seas, and enters rivers for spawning. Juveniles 1-5 years old grow in rivers, then slide into the sea. Salmon ripens by the age of seven and reaches a weight of 4.5 -7 kg. This is a valuable commercial species: everyone knows the taste and nutritional qualities of salmon. However, the natural fish stocks in the ocean are being depleted. Therefore, more and more salmon are grown in artificial reservoirs and cages. In countries where natural conditions meet the needs of salmon, it is not difficult to establish salmon farming. But even in the CIS countries, thanks to modern technologies, it is possible to organize the cultivation of salmon in the RAS in fresh water literally in any place.

RAS technology

A closed water supply installation (RAS) is a system of swimming pools and treatment facilities. The water from the pool undergoes first mechanical treatment, then biological (fish excrement, food residues, excess carbon dioxide and ammonia are removed). Purified water is ozonized; in some systems, it is irradiated with ultraviolet lamps. Then the water goes through the oxygen saturation stage and again enters the pools. Constant water purification allows you to use it repeatedly with minimal waste. Modern recirculating water systems are equipped with automatic control systems, which makes it possible to monitor water quality. Farming fish in RAS is possible in places with any climate all year round, without harm to the environment. At the same time, the productivity of the complex and the cost of salmon do not depend on the whims of nature.

Farming of Atlantic salmon in RAS in fresh water

A salmon larva at the age of 12 weeks weighs about 7 g, up to 34 weeks the fry gain up to 100 g of weight. It will take another 60 weeks for the fish to gain about 5 kg.Such indicators are achieved subject to all conditions of the fast growing technology and the availability of high-quality balanced fish feed.

The following factors affect the growth and development of fish:

1. water composition (salinity, pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide),
2. temperature, illumination, water flow rate,
3. balanced feed,
4. stocking density,
5. full compliance with the technology of growing Norwegian salmon in the RAS.

For fish feeding in RAS, it is preferable to use dry feed in the form of granules. They have different ratios of ingredients and meet the needs of fish at different stages of development. Waste from dry feed is less, respectively - the load on the filters is lower. Automatic feeders allow you to dispense the optimal amount of feed at regular intervals. The stocking density for different ages is different. Under conditions of recirculation of water, it can reach 90 kg per 1 m3.

Equipment and complex of RAS for Atlantic salmon

The volume and number of salmon basins is determined according to the planned capacity of the system. The shape of the containers is usually round, in which case the walls are easier to clean with a stream of water. The power of mechanical and biological filters must be sufficient to provide water purification for a long time. The requirements for the reliability of pumps are high, because continuous circulation is the main condition for the successful operation of the RAS. Low-quality pumps at such a load last no longer than 3-4 months.

For effective salmon breeding, Alecon offers its own developed RAS, which allow you to achieve maximum results with minimal physical and material investment. The innovative findings of the company will help facilitate the production process and provide additional control over the correct functioning of the system:

• The RAS complex consists of separate production modules, each of which is equipped with its own system of circulation, filtration, collection and drainage of water.
• It is possible to discharge water from any module into a special pool.
• Special systems of low-pressure oxygen generators ensure the required oxygen concentration in the pools.
• Maintaining the optimal temperature due to the waste heat from the generators allows more economical use of additional heat sources.
• Water quality is monitored by an elaborate water monitoring system.

Technical requirements, infrastructure

The fish breeding room must have a 3-phase power supply. The necessary communications are water supply and sewerage. Heating may not be needed, the unit generates enough heat to heat the water. Salmon lives in water with a temperature of about +15 o. Of course, a lot depends on the climate and the type of building. A small fish farm can be placed even in a small industrial building, you just need to establish a ventilation system.

The location of the salmon farm in an area convenient for organizing efficient logistics. Simply put, the delivery of feed and the sale of products should not cause additional complications. Due to the compactness of most recirculating systems, they can be installed even in the city.

The experience of the Agro-Alekon company in the construction of recirculating water systems

Advanced technologies are successfully applied at fish-breeding industrial farms, which are being built by the Agro-Alekon company. Each module of such a farm is equipped with a system of pumps and filters, devices for monitoring water quality, and efficient devices for enriching water with oxygen. Salmon pools have double drainage. The company's specialists help at all stages of business organization: from the preparation of project documentation to the installation and commissioning of equipment. Extensive experience turns the construction of fish farms into a streamlined process.

Conference Aqua-Fish 2015

In April 2015the Agro-Alekon company will hold an international conference on fish farming in the RAS in Israel. Here you can see the latest developments of Israeli scientists, fish farms of various directions. The conference will cover all issues of fish farming: from construction and installation of equipment to the production of live food. This is a unique opportunity to study the technology of growing fish and crayfish in closed water systems in a few days. Visitors to the Aqua-Fish conference will be convinced that you can start a profitable business anywhere, thanks to the advantages of RAS.

For more information about Salmon (salmon) breeding, please contact Agro-Alekon:

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